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Abstract A genomic database of all Earth’s eukaryotic species could contribute to many scientific discoveries; however, only a tiny fraction of species have genomic information available. In 2018, scientists across the world united under the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), aiming to produce a database of high-quality reference genomes containing all ~1.5 million recognized eukaryotic species. As the European node of the EBP, the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) sought to implement a new decentralised, equitable and inclusive model for producing reference genomes. For this, ERGA launched a Pilot Project establishing the first distributed reference genome production infrastructure and testing it on 98 eukaryotic species from 33 European countries. Here we outline the infrastructure and explore its effectiveness for scaling high-quality reference genome production, whilst considering equity and inclusion. The outcomes and lessons learned provide a solid foundation for ERGA while offering key learnings to other transnational, national genomic resource projects and the EBP.

The diverse physiography of the Portuguese land and marine territory, spanning from continental Europe to the Atlantic archipelagos, has made it an important repository of biodiversity throughout the Pleistocene glacial cycles, leading to a remarkable diversity of species and ecosystems. This rich biodiversity is under threat from anthropogenic drivers, such as climate change, invasive species, land use changes, overexploitation, or pathogen (re)emergence. The inventory, characterisation, and study of biodiversity at inter- and intra-specific levels using genomics is crucial to promote its preservation and recovery by informing biodiversity conservation policies, management measures, and research. The participation of researchers from Portuguese institutions in the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) initiative and its pilot effort to generate reference genomes for European biodiversity has reinforced the establishment of Biogenome Portugal. This nascent institutional network will connect the national community of researchers in genomics. Here, we describe the Portuguese contribution to ERGA’s pilot effort, which will generate high-quality reference genomes of six species from Portugal that are endemic, iconic, and/or endangered and include plants, insects, and vertebrates (fish, birds, and mammals) from mainland Portugal or the Azores islands. In addition, we outline the objectives of Biogenome Portugal, which aims to (i) promote scientific collaboration, (ii) contribute to advanced training, (iii) stimulate the participation of institutions and researchers based in Portugal in international biodiversity genomics initiatives, and (iv) contribute to the transfer of knowledge to stakeholders and engaging the public to preserve biodiversity. This initiative will strengthen biodiversity genomics research in Portugal and fuel the genomic inventory of Portuguese eukaryotic species. Such efforts will be critical to the conservation of the country’s rich biodiversity and will contribute to ERGA’s goal of generating reference genomes for European species.

Persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or intellectual disability (ID) have difficulties in planning, organising and coping with change, which impedes the learning of daily living skills (DLSs), social participation and self-management across different environmental settings. Assistive technologies (ATs) is a broad term encompassing devices and services designed to support individuals with disabilities, and if used in a self-controlled manner, they may contribute inclusion in all domains of participation. This comprehensive literature review aims to critically assess and unify existing research that investigates the use of assistive technology within the practical domain for individuals with ASD and/or ID. The 18 relevant studies included in this review highlighted the benefits of AT for social participation and independence in daily activities of individuals with ASD and/or ID. Professionals working with this target group should be knowledgeable of the speedy progress of AT products and the potential of persons with ASD and/or ID to use mainstream devices to meet their individual needs. This awareness provides an opportunity to advocate for the universal benefits of AT for everyone. Technologies such as virtual reality, mobile applications and interactive software have been shown to improve DLSs, communication and social interaction. These tools offer engaging, user-friendly platforms that address the specific needs of these individuals, enhancing their learning and independence.

Num mundo inundado de informação, a necessidade de promover a literacia crítica, a cidadania digital plena e o envolvimento com as notícias está a tornar-se uma prioridade. Neste contexto, e considerando os resultados positivos já documentados em outras áreas, esta Revisão Sistemática da Literatura visou explorar o potencial impacto da Aprendizagem Baseada em Jogos (ABJ) na compreensão e no envolvimento dos jovens com o consumo noticioso e a cidadania digital, particularmente no contexto da diversidade societal e cultural. Através da seleção e análise sistemáticas de uma amostra de 33 estudos, foi possível sustentar o papel significativo da ABJ no reforço da literacia de notícias e das competências de cidadania digital, para enfrentar os desafios decorrentes da desinformação e garantir a tomada de decisão informada. Jogos que incluem simulação, role-playing e mecânicas baseadas em perguntas são os mais utilizados para cumprir tais objetivos educativos , nomeadamente considerando os diferentes níveis de competências de pensamento que são capazes de fomentar. Além disso, os resultados destacam a diversidade e a inclusão como preocupações críticas, enfatizando a necessidade de acesso equitativo e representação nas intervenções de ABJ.

Introdução: O tratamento de quimioterapia pode provocar um conjunto de sintomas adversos, com implicações no bem-estar e qualidade de vida dos doentes oncológicos, pelo que se justificam intervenções de enfermagem destinadas a promover a sua autogestão. Objetivo: Avaliar a perceção de autoeficácia e qualidade de vida em doentes oncológicos a realizar quimioterapia, acompanhados presencialmente e via telefone na autogestão dos sintomas da quimioterapia. Método: Estudo descritivo-correlacional e longitudinal, com 51 doentes oncológicos, acompanhados ao longo do primeiro mês de tratamento de quimioterapia e avaliados em três momentos. Apresentação dos resultados e discussão: Os resultados indicam uma boa perceção de autoeficácia e de qualidade de vida ao longo do primeiro mês de quimioterapia. As náuseas e vómitos foram os sintomas mais lesivos, em especial na primeira fase. Os resultados sugerem ainda que as orientações para monitorização e autogestão dos sintomas ministradas pelos enfermeiros possam ter sido positivas para a adaptação à quimioterapia.

Abstract The association of postpartum cardiac reverse remodeling (RR) with urinary proteome, particularly in pregnant women with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors who show long-term increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality is unknown. We aim to profile the urinary proteome in pregnant women with/without CV risk factors to identify proteins associated with postpartum RR. Our study included a prospective cohort of 32 healthy and 27 obese and/or hypertensive and/or diabetic pregnant women who underwent transthoracic echocardiography, pulse-wave-velocity, and urine collection at the 3rd trimester and 6 months postpartum. Shotgun HPLC–MS/MS profiled proteins. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to identify associations between urinary proteins and left ventricle mass (LVM), a surrogate of RR. An increase in arterial stiffness was documented from 3rd trimester to 6 months after delivery, being significantly elevated in women with CV risk factors. In addition, the presence of at least one CV risk factor was associated with worse LVM RR. We identified 6 and 11 proteins associated with high and low LVM regression, respectively. These proteins were functionally linked with insulin-like growth factor (IGF) transport and uptake regulation by IGF binding-proteins, platelet activation, signaling and aggregation and the immune system’s activity. The concentration of IGF-1 in urine samples was associated with low LVM regression after delivery. Urinary proteome showed a predicting potential for identifying pregnant women with incomplete postpartum RR.

Youth is not a homogeneous group. With this motto in mind, YouNDigital aims to study youth, their engagement with news, and digital citizenship dynamics. One of the core elements of the project is a digital newsroom, a space for meeting and exploring digital citizenship and news, considering the significant disparities that characterise individuals in this group. In order to better understand the target groups and to support the decisions regarding the development of the youth-led digital newsroom, the research team carried out a systematic literature review focused on youth, digital citizenship, diversity, and different methodological approaches. This article explores the outcomes of the systematic literature review, particularly delving into the data gathered in one of the subclusters (Diversities). Findings underscore the challenges of inclusivity and diversity and the need for tailored media and digital literacy interventions that consider cultural differences, socioeconomic factors, and evolving technological landscapes. They also highlight the difficulties, as well as the positive results, of using digital tools and strategies to trigger learning and motivational processes for diverse audiences—digital tools that rely on media creation, creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration can promote the empowerment and inclusion of youth from distinct backgrounds, bridging the gap between their realities and citizenship experiences. For research teams, the findings point out that involvement in collaborative, immersive, and participatory processes anchored on sustained literature review processes can encourage distancing preconceptions while bringing them closer to research participants. The article contributes to discussions regarding the potential and the challenges of considering youth’s diverse backgrounds through pillars such as co-creation or inclusive design, and the urgency of mitigating youth social and digital exclusion in order to enhance democratic participation.

In Portugal, grapevine leaves are generally treated as agro-industrial waste, despite being rich in bioactive compounds that offer benefits to human health. This study compiles the most relevant and current data on the phytochemical composition and bioactive properties of grape leaves from both red and white varieties cultivated in the country. These by-products are abundant in flavonoid and non-flavonoid phenolic compounds, such as flavonols, derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids, carotenoid pigments, and chlorophylls, as well as fatty acids, which have scientifically proven antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardio-, neuro- and hepatoprotective properties, among others. The combination of these beneficial properties, along with the low toxicity of their compounds, makes grapevine leaves a by-product with great potential for use in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The key challenge is to develop sustainable methods to reintegrate this by-product into the supply chain, in alignment with the sustainability goals of the 2030 Agenda.

Introduction: Breast cancer patients undergoing trastuzumab therapy have greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Risk factors for this effect have been proposed. However, the role of dyslipidemia is not completely understood. This systematic review aimed to explore the role of dyslipidemia in trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: The investigators searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science up to October 25, 2020. A random-effects model was used to determine pooled estimates of the results. The primary endpoint was trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity in patients with and without dyslipidemia. Results: A total of 39 studies were selected for inclusion in our systematic review assessing 21 079 patients. One study demonstrated a statistically significant association between dyslipidemia and cardiotoxicity (OR=2.28, 95% CI 1.22–4.26, p=0.01). In all other studies, no such association was observed. Twenty-one studies including 6135 patients were eligible for meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis of unadjusted data, dyslipidemia was significantly associated with cardiotoxicity (OR=1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.53, p=0.04, I2=0%), however, a subgroup analysis of studies reporting adjusted measures did not demonstrate a significant association (OR=0.89, 95% CI 0.73–1.10, p=0.28, I2=0%). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis did not demonstrate a significant association between dyslipidemia alone and the development of cardiotoxicity. In the absence of other relevant cardiovascular risk factors, review of lipid profile may not be obligatory, and management of patients could be performed without referral for cardio-oncology assessment. Further investigation of risk factors for trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity is required to confirm these results. Resumo: Introdução: Pacientes com cancro da mama sob tratamento com trastuzumab apresentam maior risco de doença cardiovascular. Fatores de risco têm sido propostos. No entanto, o papel da dislipidemia não é completamente conhecido. Esta revisão sistemática destinou-se a explorar o papel da dislipidemia na cardiotoxicidade induzida por trastuzumab. Métodos: Os investigadores pesquisaram publicações na MEDLINE, Scopus e Web of Science até 25 de outubro de 2020. Um modelo de efeitos aleatórios foi utilizado para determinar as estimativas combinadas dos resultados. A variável de resultado primária foi a cardiotoxicidade induzida por trastuzumab em pacientes com e sem dislipidemia. Resultados: Foram selecionados 39 estudos para inclusão na nossa revisão sistemática, avaliando 21.079 pacientes. Um estudo demonstrou associação significativa entre dislipidemia e cardiotoxicidade (OR=2,28, 95% CI=1,22-4,26, p=0,01). Em todos os restantes não foram observadas semelhantes associações. Foram elegíveis 21 estudos para a meta-análise incluindo 6135 pacientes. Na meta-análise de dados não ajustados a dislipidemia esteve associada significativamente a cardiotoxicidade (OR=1,25, 95% CI=1,01-1,53, p=0,04, I2=0%). No entanto, a análise de subgrupos de estudos que reportaram as medidas ajustadas não demonstrou uma associação significativa (OR=0,89, 95% CI=0,73-1,10, p=0,28, I2=0%). Conclusão: Esta revisão sistemática e meta-análise não demonstrou uma associação significativa entre dislipidemia isolada e o desenvolvimento de cardiotoxicidade. Na ausência de outros fatores de risco cardiovasculares relevantes, a análise do perfil lipídico nestes pacientes pode não ser obrigatória e a vigilância poderá ser realizada sem referenciação para avaliação por cardio-oncologia. Investigação adicional sobre fatores de risco para cardiotoxicidade induzida por trastuzumab é necessária para confirmar estes resultados.

Vitis vinifera is the grape variety used in the production of wine and other products. In the wine production process, many of the vine’s by-products are wasted, namely seeds and stems. Given the proportion of wine production worldwide, the quantity of by-products is beginning to be an environmental problem, making it urgent to take measures for their use to obtain bioactive compounds with health benefits. The aim of this work was to study the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts from the seeds and stems of four Portuguese grape varieties: Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, Viosinho, and Tinta Roriz. Total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) contents present in the different extracts were evaluated, as well as the antioxidant activity, by DPPH and FRAP methods. TPC and TFC values of the stem’s extracts are much higher than those of the seeds of the same grape variety in the same solvent. The antioxidant activity of aqueous and ethanolic stem extracts is higher than that obtained for the seeds, showing that antioxidant activity is related to the content of polyphenols. The antimicrobial activity of different stem and seed extracts was determined against yeasts and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the effect was determined based on the minimal inhibitory concentrations calculated (MIC). In general, the ethanol:water (1:1) extract of the seeds from the different varieties tested inhibited C. albicans ATCC10231 and C. krusei ATCC6258 growth even at 200 μg/mL, and the effect was fungicidal at 200 μg/mL. The same type of extract showed selective antimicrobial activity, inhibiting S. aureus ATCC29213 growth but having no effect against E. coli ATCC25922 even at 200 μg/mL. The effect against S. aureus was bactericidal (at 200 μg/mL) for Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, and Viosinho. Taking all these results into account, it can be concluded that the by-products of the grape varieties tested are important sources of bioactive products, particularly as antioxidants and antimicrobials.

COVID-19 is a multisystem disease with many clinical manifestations, including liver damage and inflammation. The objective of this study is to analyze inflammation biomarkers in relation to the clinical outcome and respiratory symptoms of COVID-19. This is a retrospective cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Hospital Regional do Baixo Amazonas from 2020 to 2022. Data were collected from electronic medical records from admission to the 30th day of hospitalization and soon after hospital discharge. A total of 397 patients were included in the study. In the longitudinal follow-up of liver markers, a significant difference was found for AST on day 14, with a higher median in the death group. Among the hematological markers, lymphopenia was observed throughout the follow-up, with the death group having the most altered values. When comparing the evolution of biomarkers in the Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) and Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) groups, AST showed a significant difference only on day 14 and GGT on day 1, being greater in the IMV group, and indirect bilirubin on day 7 being more altered in the NIV group. In conclusion, death during hospitalization or a more severe form of COVID-19 was related to significant changes in liver and inflammatory biomarkers.

Dear Editor, We would like to thank Dr. Madias for his valuable comment on our original article entitled “QT interval prolongation in Takotsubo Syndrome: a frightening feature with no major prognostic impact” published in Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease on December 6, 2023...

Background: Baobab fruit is valued for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. Although it is acknowledged that baobab pulp is beneficial for health, studies that link its nutraceutical properties to the ability to eliminate reactive species (ROS and RNS) are scarce. Methods: The nutritional profile and the antioxidant properties of baobab pulp extracts from Angola were evaluated. Thus, for the first time, the evaluation of in vitro scavenging capacity against the most physiologically relevant reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were the focus of investigation. Results: Angolan fruit pulp presented high contents of ash (8.0%) and total dietary fiber (52%). Vitamin E content was reported for the first time in fruit pulp. Green solvents were used to quantify bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Hydroalcoholic extracts exhibited the highest contents of phenolics (1573.0 mg/100 g) and flavonoids (768.7 mg/100 g). Thus, hydroalcoholic extracts showed higher antioxidant activity, and higher scavenging capacity for ROS (O2•−, H2O2, HOCl, ROO•) and RNS (•NO, ONOO−), being most active for •NO and ONOO−. Conclusion: For the first time, Angolan baobab fruit was described in respect to its nutritional contribution as well as its positive antioxidant effects, both as a functional food and as a nutraceutical ingredient.

Background: Food waste is a global and growing problem that is gaining traction due to its environmental, ethical, social, and economic repercussions. Between 2022 and 2027, the worldwide papaya market is expected to have a huge increase, meaning a growth in organic waste, including peels and seeds. Thus, this study evaluated the potential use of peels and seeds of two mature papaya fruits as a source of bioactive compounds, converting these by-products into value-added products. Proximate analysis (AOAC methods), mineral content (ICP-MS), free sugars (HPLC-ELSD), fatty acid composition (GC-FID), vitamin E profile (HPLC-DAD-FLD), and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays) were evaluated. Results: Both by-products showed high total protein (20–27%), and dietary fiber (32–38%) contents. Papaya peels presented a high ash content (14–16%), indicating a potential application as a mineral source. 14 fatty acids were detected, with α-linolenic acid (30%) as the most abundant in the peels and oleic acid (74%) in the seeds. Both by-products showed high antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Papaya by-products display great potential for industrial recovery and application, such as formulation of new functional food ingredients.

This study examines the ability of the game SweetXHeart – a genre-defying slice-of-life creation by Catt Small (2019) – to promote empathy and consciousness of microaggressions, specifically among participants whose characteristics differ from the game's main character – a white male-dominated sample. The study included 39 undergraduate students from a Bachelor’s Degree in videogames, offering a distinct chance to examine the reactions of this specific demographic to feminist and intersectional ideas in gaming. After playing the game, participants were surveyed, and a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative and content analysis, was applied to their answers. The obtained results emphasize how players gain empathy by adopting the game character’s perspective and experiencing her life, and fostering connections. However, the game’s effectiveness in raising awareness depends on the participants’ understanding of intersectionality and the challenges faced by people in positions of privilege.

Se describen dos nuevas especies, Squalius gaditanus sp. nov. y Squalius tartessicus sp. nov. sobre la base de caracteres morfológicos y genéticos. Squalius gaditanus está restringida a las cuencas de Barbate, Jara y Miel en la provincia de Cádiz (sur de España). Squalius gaditanus sp. nov. se puede distinguir de otras especies del género Squalius, de la Península Ibérica, a través de una combinación de caracteres morfométricos, merísticos y genéticos: 36-‍40 (x̄=38) escamas canaliculadas en la línea lateral; 6-‍7 (x̄=6.7) escamas por encima de la línea lateral; 2-‍3 (x̄=2,8) escamas debajo de la línea lateral; vértebras 37-‍39 (x̄=38); en los ejemplares adultos el segundo infraorbitario es más estrecho que el tercero; maxilar con su proceso anterior poco puntiagudo; proceso posterior del maxilar largo y delgado; la rama inferior del hueso faríngeo es corta y robusta; placa faríngea del basioccipital redondeada y dos autapomorfias en el gen mitocondrial citocromo b. Squalius tartessicus sp. nov. vive en las cuencas de los ríos Almargem, Gilao, Odiel, Guadiana, Guadalquivir, Guadalete, Guadalhorce, Vélez, Guadalfeo y Segura en el sur de la Península Ibérica. Squalius tartessicus sp. nov. se puede distinguir de otras especies del género Squalius, de la Península Ibérica,a través de una combinación de caracteres morfométricos, merísticos y genéticos; 37-‍41 (x̄=38.8), escamas canaliculadas en la línea lateral; 6-‍7 (x̄=7) escamas por encima de la línea lateral; 2-‍3 (x̄=2.9) escamas por debajo de la línea lateral; 37-‍39 (x̄=38) número de vértebras; en los adultos infraorbitarios excepcionalmente anchos; maxilar con la apófisis anterior puntiaguda; apófisis posterior del maxilar larga y delgada; la apófisis inferior del hueso faríngeo es corta y robusta; placa faríngea del basioccipital de forma triangular; lámina posterior de cleitro extendida.

IntroductionLupins and other legumes have been considered as alternative plant-based protein sources to soybeans for both humans and livestock. Furthermore, they can contribute to more sustainable agricultural systems. The productivity and chemical composition of legumes is highly variable between species, cultivars, and with the edaphoclimatic conditions.MethodsThis work evaluated the adaptability of seven Lupinus cultivars in two different sowing locations, during two consecutive years, through the characterization of their seed, as a means of investigating their suitability to be used as a source of food and/or feed.Results and discussionLupinus angustifolius cv. Tango and Lupinus luteus cv. Acos were the most stable genotypes across the environments when considering the seed and protein production, while L. luteus cv. Alburquerque and L. luteus cv. Mister showed less variation in the total alkaloid content across the environments. The edaphoclimatic conditions affected seed and protein yields, as higher rainfall resulted in high productivity. The lower temperatures observed in the first year at both locations caused a reduction in the production of alkaloids in L. luteus cv. Acos and Cardiga. Due to the high alkaloid content of some of the studied cultivars their use as food or feed can pose some safety concerns. However, these cultivars can have high levels of resistance to herbivore and insect attacks, which can be of the utmost importance for the use of these crops for recovering poor or exhausted soils.

Despite the frequent and often severe repolarization abnormalities seen in Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), the underlying mechanism of life-threatening arrhythmias is incompletely understood, and the risk remains uncertain. TTS is considered a potential cause of acquired long QT syndrome; however, there is no robust evidence that QT prolongation has a major prognostic impact on these patients’ outcomes. Our aim was to assess the prevalence and clinical implications of acquired long QT during TTS events and compare in-hospital and long-term outcomes between patients with and without corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation. This is a retrospective cohort study that included 113 patients admitted to our tertiary care hospital with a diagnosis of TTS. The cohort was divided into two groups: a long QTc group (QTc≥460 milliseconds in any electrocardiogram at admission or during hospitalization) and a normal QTc group. Baseline characteristics, occurrences during hospitalization, and outcome data were obtained from the revision of medical registries and hospital visits. Of the 113 patients, 107 (94.7%) were female. The mean age was 67.6±11.7 years. QTc prolongation was found in 38%. Demographic characteristics, relevant chronic medication, prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, and other comorbidities were similar between the groups, except for history of atrial fibrillation, which was more common in the long QTc group. Syncope was more prevalent in the long QTc group. In-hospital complications were not statistically different between patients with long and normal QTc (48.8% versus 44.2%, p=0.637), including ventricular arrhythmias and complete atrioventricular block (both 4.7% versus 1.4%, p=0.556). In-hospital mortality was 0.9%, corresponding to one patient in the long QTc group. The mean follow-up time was 4.8±3.8 years. 5-year all-cause mortality and the occurrence of the composite endpoint of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events did not differ between the groups (p=0.511 and p=0.538, respectively). Our study found no association between prolonged QTc interval during TTS events and adverse prognosis, since in-hospital and long-term outcomes were similar between the groups. Our findings suggest that, although QT prolongation is usually a frightening feature on ECG, this repolarization abnormality during the acute phase has no major prognostic implications in the TTS population.

The way we communicate and make meaning in a complex socio-technical infrastructure demands multiple literacies. Media-literate citizens must be able to create, evaluate and effectively use information, media, and technology. The pandemic context demanded increased online learning and work, highlighting the importance of media literacy in citizens’ lives. Although in recent years, crucial reforms have happened in education for children with disabilities, media education for them is residual and framed on medical concepts neglecting how disability is socially constructed. Aiming to map recent research (2015–2021) in the field of media literacy and children with disabilities, a systematic literature review was conducted. The number of articles obtained from a search for “media literacy and children” in the scientific databases (N = 1,175) supports the relevance of media literacy in research. Filtering these data for “children with disabilities” reveals an inexpressive sample, with 12 articles included in the study after the eligibility phase. The overall results indicate that this population is significantly underrepresented in media literacy research, explained by a low prevalence of studies with disabled children as an audience. Moreover, research designs have shown a greater focus on conceptual approaches, highlighting a deficit of fieldwork and tangible interventions. Strong ableist media discourses emerged as a barrier to the promotion of media literacy in this population, with a clear mismatch between media representations and the current disability paradigms, besides all the positive aspects of the actions registered in the sample.

Abstract Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an exotic fruit from Asia, recently introduced in Europe. With the increase in the world production of this fruit, many by-products are wasted during industrial processing, including their peels and seeds. Considering the utilization of fruit peels as edible material as a new functional ingredient, this work aimed to assess the nutritional and phytochemical characterization, as well as the antioxidant activity of two lychee peel extracts (alcoholic and hydroalcoholic). Also, it was evaluated the scavenging capacity against reactive species (O2•-, H2O2, NO•) of the two extracts. The peels, at a nutritional level, showed high levels of carbohydrates and total energy (76.8 ± 1.0 g/100 g and 331.4 kcal/100 g, respectively) and low protein and lipid content. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in alcoholic extraction (1578 mg GAE/g and 55.1 mg CE/g, respectively). The antioxidant activity evaluated in vitro by DPPH and FRAP assays was also higher in the ethanolic extract, verifying a positive correlation with the extractive yield of the bioactive compounds. In general, the ethanolic extracts of lychee peels showed higher antioxidant capacity and the maximum scavenging activity against reactive oxygen (O2-•) and nitrogen species (NO•). The hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity observed in ethanolic extract (64 µg/mL) was like the values obtained in the positive controls (quercetin and ascorbic acid, 62 µg/mL, and 46 µg/mL, respectively). These preliminary results suggest this undervalued ingredient is a promising source of bioactive compounds with high biological potential for the development of new products as functional ingredient, always focusing on sustainability.

Abstract Portuguese wine industry by-products are often undervalued but constitute a potential source of bioactive phenolic compounds that can be applied as a natural additive in several industries. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition, and the phenolic profile of two Portuguese Vitis vinifera L. grape pomaces (Touriga Nacional (red variety) and Alvarinho (white variety), and to correlate their chemical characterizations with their antioxidant activities. Strong correlations were observed between the presence of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities, which enhances the application of pomace extracts in food and pharmaceutical areas. The high content of total phenolic compounds (25 - 41 g/ kg dry extract) and of flavonoids (9.2 - 18 g/ kg dry extract) found in both samples make these pomaces excellent candidates as food additives in food products, as well as antioxidant agents, such as natural dyes. Some polyphenols were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), being rutin and catequin the highest compounds found in red grape pomace (Touriga Nacional) while quercetin was only quantified in white grape pomace (Alvarinho). Cis-resveratrol was quantified in both grape pomace, which opens horizons for its use since this compound has considerable chemopreventive effects in the three main gains of carcinogenesis. As expected, the anthocyanin content was significantly higher in red grape pomace (37 g/ kg dry extract), emphasizing its interest as a natural food additive. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that these by-products have additional value, making them potentially useful in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.

The production of Lupinus seeds for food and feed is increasing worldwide, which results in large amounts of post-harvest biomass residues, considered of low value and left in the field to be burned or incorporated in the soil. To valorize these agricultural wastes, this work aimed to assess their potential as an alternative feed for ruminants. Thus, the production yield, nutritive value, and alkaloid content of straws and pod shells from three native European Lupinus species, L. albus ‘Estoril’ (white), L. angustifolius ‘Tango’ (narrow-leafed), and L. luteus ‘Cardiga’ (yellow), cultivated in two locations, were evaluated. The dry matter (DM) yield of straws and pod shells were the highest for L. albus ‘Estoril’ (4.10 t ha−1) and the lowest for L. angustifolius ‘Tango’ (1.78 t ha−1), suggesting a poor adaptation of narrow-leafed lupin to the particularly dry and warm agronomic year. Despite species-specific differences, lupin biomass residues presented higher crude protein (53.0–68.9 g kg−1 DM) and lignin (103–111 g kg−1 DM) content than cereal straws usually used in ruminant feeding, thus resulting in higher metabolizable energy (6.43–6.58 MJ kg−1 DM) content. In vitro digestibility was similar among lupin species (47.7–50.6%) and higher in pod shells (53.7%) than in straws (44.6%). Lupinus albus ‘Estoril’ and L. luteus ‘Cardiga’ presented considerable amounts of alkaloids in straws (23.9 and 119 mg kg−1 DM) and pod shells (20.5 and 298 mg kg−1 DM), while no alkaloids were detected in L. angustifolius ‘Tango’ biomass residues. Considering the combined production of straw and pod shells per lupin species, it is anticipated that lupin biomass residues produced per ha can fulfill 85% of the energy and nearly 50% of protein requirements of a flock of 4 to 9 dry and mid-pregnancy sheep with 50 kg body weight for one year. No negative effects on small (ovine) and large (bovine) ruminant species due to alkaloids are expected, even if biomass residues are consumed at up to 85% DM intake. The large production yield along with its nutritive value unveils the potential of lupin biomass residues valorization as alternative fodder for ruminants, promoting sustainability under a circular economy approach.

Climate change and associated shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns have become an increasing concern as drivers of ongoing biodiversity loss. The Mediterranean region is particularly vulnerable, being both a biodiversity hotspot and a region very prone to desertification. Freshwater mussels are amongst the most threatened invertebrate taxa worldwide. Unio tumidiformis is an endemic and endangered species restricted to the southern Iberian Peninsula, living in temporary Mediterranean-type streams. Freshwater mussels need a fish host for successful larval transformation, meaning U. tumidiformis must belong to the genus Squalius. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the vulnerability of U. tumidiformis to climate change, by studying its population genetics and evolutionary history, its current and future habitat suitability, and that of its hosts. Genetic population structure and diversity were assessed using Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms through Genotyping by Sequencing and used to infer species evolutionary history. The species potential distribution was modeled using an ensemble forecasting approach, and future shifts in habitat suitability were assessed with the projected climate data layers from Worldclim. Most populations showed extreme genetic differentiation (Fst up to 0.745), even from close neighboring ones. Upper Guadiana populations were more diverse and less differentiated. We hypothesize that U. tumidiformis originated in Upper Guadiana and followed the same colonization routes as their hosts with numerous founder effects and bottlenecks. Our results also predicted a reduction of 99% of climatically suitable areas for U. tumidiformis in the Iberian Peninsula until 2040. For the fish hosts, a maximum 42% reduction in suitable areas was estimated throughout the century, with remaining adequate habitats in the north. Our results suggest that difficult conservation options are necessary, prioritizing the preservation of populations, translocations to the northern area of its historical range and stream engineering to increase resilience to droughts.

The unique characteristics of games have led scientific research to increasingly focus on their potential role in learning processes. Currently, their effectiveness in fostering experiential learning and skill acquisition in several areas is already supported by the existing evidence, mainly about the potential of digital games. Paradoxically, the current post-digital era seems to have led to a growing popularity of analog games. The present Systematic Literature Review aimed to map the existing literature on the potential of board, tabletop, or other analog games in learning processes. It intended to systematize the contemporary state of the art (2012–2022) around the pedagogical role of these games, their effectiveness, the promoted learning outcomes, the methodological aspects of the interventions, the used games—including mechanics and other characteristics—and the current discussions around inclusion and accessibility in analog game-based learning. Adopting the PRISMA methodology, we searched ACM Digital Library, EBSCO, ERIC, Scopus—Elsevier, and Web of Science databases, as well as other peer-reviewed “grey literature” sources. The search resulted in an initial sample of 2,741 articles that was then screened by inclusion and exclusion criteria previously defined according to the research objectives. We obtained a final sample of 45 articles. To formulate the mapping of existing research, these studies were analyzed using a combination of statistical, content, and critical analysis procedures. The obtained results support the role of board, tabletop, and other analog games in educational contexts—based on their educational potential—with a broad range of knowledge, cognitive, and psychological outcomes. The study also emphasized the relevance of these games in the promotion of soft skills and other aspects typically associated with meaningful learning, such as engagement, satisfaction, flexibility, and freedom of experimentation. However, important limitations were found in a fair amount of the pedagogical approaches studied, which can be mostly attributed to the low prevalence of modern board games that relate what is intended to be learned to aspects of game design and have little to no consideration of accessibility and inclusion aspects in these studies.

Breast cancer (BC) patients treated with anthracyclines and/or anti-HER2-targeted therapies (AHT) are highly associated with cardiovascular toxicity (CVT). Our objective was to evaluate the risk of CVT secondary to cancer treatment and the role of cardioprotective-drugs (CPD) in BC patients. We collected a retrospective cohort of females with BC treated with chemotherapy and/or AHT from 2017 to 2019. CVT was defined as LVEF

Abstract The concept of Pan-Assay Interference Compounds (PAINS) is regarded as a threat to the recognition of the broad bioactivity of natural products. Based on the established relationship between altered membrane dipole potential and transmembrane protein conformation and function, we investigate here polyphenols' ability to induce changes in cell membrane dipole potential. Ultimately, we are interested in finding a tool to prevent polyphenol PAINS-type behavior and produce compounds less prone to untargeted and promiscuous interactions with the cell membrane. Di-8-ANEPPS fluorescence ratiometric measurements suggest that planar lipophilic polyphenols—phloretin, genistein and resveratrol—act by decreasing membrane dipole potential, especially in cholesterol-rich domains such as lipid rafts, which play a role in important cellular processes. These results provide a mechanism for their labelling as PAINS through their ability to disrupt cell membrane homeostasis. Aiming to explore the role of C-glucosylation in PAINS membrane-interfering behavior, we disclose herein the first synthesis of 4-glucosylresveratrol, starting from 5-hydroxymethylbenzene-1,3-diol, via C-glucosylation, oxidation and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination, and resynthesize phloretin and genistein C-glucosides. We show that C-glucosylation generates compounds which are no longer able to modify membrane dipole potential. Therefore, it can be devised as a strategy to generate bioactive natural product derivatives that no longer act as membrane dipole potential modifiers. Our results offer a new technology towards rescuing bioactive polyphenols from their PAINS danger label through C–C ligation of sugars.

Although the potential of games to foster learning, representation, empowerment, well-being, and social inclusion is already documented, some groups seem to remain underrepresented. In the field of disability, this potential is still immersed in a set of barriers and hindrances, arising from the lack of accessibility of this medium and the lack of representation of voices in research and development processes. This problem seems to be exponentiated in the field of Intellectual Disability (ID). The present study describes insights from a case study developed with 14 institutionalized adults with severe ID, with two complementary aims: (a) explore the effectiveness of a PAR gaming approach in the empowerment and well-being of adults with ID living in an institutional setting; and (b) explore the feasibility of promoting accessibility in games through PAR. The proposed intervention included the development of games by higher education students for these individuals, with their active participation in all phases – conceptual definition, game design, game development, and playtesting. A total of 38 playtesting sessions and 162 gaming sessions were conducted, where systematic observation grids were filled, and pre and post-process assessments were conducted, targeting variables related to empowerment and well-being. The obtained results sustain this type of action-research design as a feasible strategy to empower people with ID and foster their well-being, through games as a form of expression and not only therapy. It also reflects on accessibility improvement through the presence of underrepresented groups (people with ID particularly) in the media creation processes that can, per se, be considered a form of empowerment. These insights also open a discussion about a potential paradigm shift toward a social model of accessibility aligned with the current views on the field of disability studies. Future studies should replicate this methodology with larger samples and in a context not aligned with the pandemic isolation. Furthermore, PAR must also be explored from a more general perspective, as a strategy to promote accessibility and participation in other media and cultural products as a whole.

As with other populations, the usage of games by people with Intellectual Disability (ID) has been increasingly approached by research. Notwithstanding, the role of games in the lives of people with disabilities tends to be studied through a categorical picture that emphasizes its therapeutic characteristics and neglects games as recreation and as a form of cultural expression. The present work aims to review the main research outcomes of the last 10 years in the field of gaming and ID. It presents an analysis of the main research objectives and approaches to gaming adopted in the analysed studies, as a path to reflect on two specific concepts: empowerment and ownership. Therefore, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology, accompanied by statistical and content analysis procedures, was adopted to analyse a sample of 61 peer-reviewed research papers (2010-2020) in this field. The obtained results emphasize the passive role of individuals with ID in games research, with gaming mainly seen through therapeutic our game-based learning approaches. The presented reflection on inclusive research, through the parallelism between game studies and critical disability studies, also highlights that the access to games, as a cultural expression, for people with ID could foster the inclusion of these individuals in the public sphere, both in media and in the democratic civic structures. The produced insights intend to frame future approaches that situate the potential of games and their accessibility as strategies to decrease environmental barriers and hindrances that people with ID face in their specific contexts and foster inclusion.

O tratamento de quimioterapia tem o potencial de provocar um conjunto de sintomas adversos, com repercussões significativas no bem-estar e qualidade de vida da pessoa, fazendo emergir necessidades específicas em cuidados de saúde. Objetivo: Consensualizar, com um grupo de peritos, orientações terapêuticas de suporte à autogestão dos sintomas: anorexia, dor, diarreia e obstipação, associados ao tratamento de quimioterapia. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido a partir da técnica de Delphi, em três rondas, integrando um painel de 22 enfermeiros, peritos na área da doença oncológica/intervenção na pessoa em tratamento de quimioterapia. Apresentação dos resultados e discussão: Os consensos obtidos permitiram a validação de 98,8% das orientações terapêuticas propostas, com predomínio do nível de consenso elevado, sendo que, apenas duas orientações terapêuticas não obtiveram consenso e nenhuma reuniu critérios de exclusão. As orientações terapêuticas consensualizadas para os sintomas anorexia, dor, diarreia e obstipação, associados ao tratamento de quimioterapia encontram-se essencialmente dirigidas para a gestão dos regimes dietético, medicamentoso e atividade física. Conclusão: As orientações terapêuticas consensualizadas pelo grupo de peritos poderão contribuir para a aquisição de capacidades que permitam à pessoa assegurar o seu autocuidado da forma mais autónoma possível, capacitando-a no processo de autogestão dos sintomas anorexia, dor, diarreia e obstipação, associados ao tratamento de quimioterapia.

Background and study aims Polyethylene glycol (PEG) bowel preparations are effective but associated with high ingestion volume. In this study, 1-L PEG and 2-L PEG preparations were compared in a randomized, colonoscopist-blinded, single-center trial. Patients and methods Patients were aged > 18 years, required colonoscopy, and provided informed consent. Randomization was 1:1 to 1-L PEG or 2-L PEG, based on hospital identification number (odd or even). Preparations were administered using same-day dosing adjusted for colonoscopy start time. The primary endpoint was successful bowel preparation on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) (no segment scored

Introduction: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is characterized by transient left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, typically mimicking an anterior wall myocardial infarction (MI), without obstructive coronary artery disease. In the few published reports assessing myocardial deformation in TTS and MI, no consistent differences have been described between the two entities. We sought to characterize global and regional function in TTS and to compare it with a population with MI. Methods: Clinical data, including echocardiography, were gathered from 17 TTS patients and 20 anterior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) controls. Peak systolic longitudinal strain was determined for each LV segment using speckle tracking imaging, and global and mean apical, midventricular and basal longitudinal strain were calculated from these. Results: Both TTS and STEMI patients presented significant LV systolic dysfunction, and there were no significant differences in ejection fraction or global longitudinal strain. Regional longitudinal strain was more severely impaired in basal inferolateral and mid anterolateral segments in the TTS group and in apical anteroseptal segments in the STEMI group. Mean longitudinal strain was worse in the basal segments of TTS patients (-9.8±2.9 vs. -12.4±4.1%, p=0.010), with no significant differences in mid and apical segments. The basal/apical ratio was significantly lower in this group as well (1.51±0.86 vs. 2.94±1.88, p=0.006). Conclusions: While both TTS and STEMI feature significantly impaired global systolic function, we found a regional pattern of worse basal longitudinal strain and a lower basal/apical ratio in the former. These suggest generalized myocardial impairment in TTS, providing new clues about its pathophysiology and possible specific echocardiographic changes. Resumo: Introdução: A síndrome de Takotsubo (TTS) é caracterizada por disfunção ventricular esquerda transitória, habitualmente simulando um enfarte agudo do miocárdio (STEMI) anterior, sem doença coronária obstrutiva. Nos poucos trabalhos publicados avaliando deformação miocárdica não estão descritas diferenças consistentes entre as duas entidades. Procurámos caracterizar a função global e regional na TTS e compará-la com uma população com STEMI. Métodos: Reunimos dados clínicos, incluindo ecocardiográficos, de 17 doentes com TTS e 20 controlos com STEMI anterior. O pico sistólico de strain longitudinal foi determinado para cada segmento ventricular usando speckle tracking; a partir destes calculou-se o strain longitudinal global e a média dos segmentos apicais, médios e basais. Resultados: Tanto os doentes com TTS como STEMI apresentaram disfunção sistólica ventricular esquerda importante, sem diferença significativa da fração de ejeção e strain longitudinal global. O strain regional foi pior nos segmentos basal inferolateral e médio anterolateral do grupo com TTS e no apical anteroseptal dos doentes com STEMI. O strain longitudinal médio dos segmentos basais foi pior nos doentes com TTS (-9,8 ± 2,9 versus -12,4 ± 4,1%, p=0,010), sem diferença significativa nos médios ou apicais. A razão basal/apical também foi mais baixa neste grupo (1,51±0,86 versus 2,94±1,88, p=0,006). Conclusões: Apesar de tanto a TTS como o STEMI apresentarem disfunção sistólica global importante, encontrámos um padrão de pior strain longitudinal basal e uma razão basal/apical mais baixa nos primeiros. Isto sugere uma disfunção miocárdica generalizada na TTS e fornece novas pistas relativamente à sua fisiopatologia e possíveis alterações ecocardiográficas específicas. Keywords: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, Echocardiography, Myocardial deformation, Palavras-chave: Miocardiopatia de Takotsubo, Ecocardiografia, Deformação miocárdica

The comprehension of the pathophysiological mechanisms, the identification of druggable targets, and putative biomarkers for aortic valve stenosis can be pursued through holistic approaches such as proteomics. However, tissue homogenization and protein extraction are made difficult by tissue calcification. The reproducibility of proteome studies is key in clinical translation of the findings. Thus, we aimed to optimize a protocol for aortic valve homogenization and protein extraction and to develop a standard operating procedure (SOP), which researchers can use to maximize protein yield while reducing inter-laboratory variability. We have compared the protein yield between conventional tissue grinding in nitrogen followed by homogenization with a Potter apparatus with a more advanced bead-beating system. Once we confirmed the superiority of the latter, we further optimized it by testing the effect of beads size, the number of homogenization cycles, tube capacity, lysis buffer/tissue mass ratio, and two different lysis buffers. Optimal protein extraction was achieved with 2.8 mm zirconium dioxide beads, in two homogenization cycles, in the presence of 20 µL RIPA buffer/mg tissue, using 2 mL O-ring cryotubes. As a proof of concept of the usefulness of this SOP for proteomics, the AV proteome of men and women with aortic stenosis was characterized, resulting in the quantification of proteins across six orders of magnitude and uncovering some putative proteins dysregulated by sex.

A pessoa com doença oncológica é muitas vezes confrontada com tratamentos de quimioterapia que despoletam sintomas específicos, que a pessoa tem de gerir para a manutenção da sua qualidade de vida. Assim, torna-se primordial a promoção de conhecimentos e habilidades que capacitem a pessoa para a autogestão dos sintomas e das complicações associadas ao tratamento, e apoiem o processo de tomada de decisão em saúde. Objetivo: Explorar o estado atual do conhecimento científico sobre as orientações terapêuticas que promovam a autogestão dos sintomas alopécia, alterações da pele, sexualidade e distúrbios urinários na pessoa submetida a quimioterapia. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura de artigos das bases de dados MEDLINE® e CINAHL®, construindo o protocolo de revisão e alargou-se ainda a pesquisa à literatura cinzenta. Resultados: Após a pesquisa, foram selecionados nove artigos para alopécia, dos 140 encontrados, 14 artigos para as alterações da pele, dos 91 encontrados, treze artigos para a sexualidade, dos 52 encontrados, e para os distúrbios urinários quatro artigos, dos 53 encontrados. Do mesmo modo, da pesquisa em outras fontes de informação, foram selecionados cinco documentos para alopécia, oito para as alterações da pele, cinco para as alterações da sexualidade e sete documentos para os distúrbios urinários. Conclusão: As orientações terapêuticas desenvolvidas para os quatro sintomas em estudo, demonstram ser uma ferramenta útil no desenvolvimento das competências de autogestão da sintomatologia experienciada aquando do tratamento de quimioterapia, contribuindo para o empoderamento da pessoa, apoiando o processo de decisão, e melhorando ainda a sua perceção de qualidade de vida e bem-estar.

Assessments regarding health aspects of Iberian leuciscids are limited. There is currently an information gap regarding effects of infectious diseases on these populations and their role as a possible conservation threat. Moreover, differences in susceptibility to particular agents, such as Aeromonas spp., by different species/populations is not clear. To understand potential differences in Aeromonas diversity and load, as well as in the prevalence and proportion of skin lesions, in fishes exposed to similar environmental conditions, an observational study was implemented. Using a set of 12 individuals belonging to two sympatric Iberian leuciscid species (Squalius pyrenaicus and Iberochondrostoma lusitanicum), the skin lesion score in each individual was analyzed. Furthermore, a bacterial collection of Aeromonas spp. isolated from each individual was created and isolates’ load was quantified by plate counting, identified at species level using a multiplex-PCR assay and virulence profiles established using classical phenotypic methods. The similarity relationships of the isolates were evaluated using a RAPD analysis. The skin lesion score was significantly higher in S. pyrenaicus, while the Aeromonas spp. load did not differ between species. When analyzing Aeromonas species diversity between fishes, different patterns were observed. A predominance of A. hydrophila was detected in S. pyrenaicus individuals, while I. lusitanicum individuals displayed a more diverse structure. Similarly, the virulence index of isolates from S. pyrenaicus was higher, mostly due to the isolated Aeromonas species. Genomic typing clustered the isolates mainly by fish species and skin lesion score. Specific Aeromonas clusters were associated with higher virulence indexes. Current results suggest potential differences in susceptibility to Aeromonas spp. at the fish species/individual level, and constitute important knowledge for proper wildlife management through the signalization of at-risk fish populations and hierarchization of conservation measures.

O tratamento de quimioterapia provoca um conjunto de sintomas adversos, com repercussões significativas no bem-estar e qualidade de vida da pessoa, fazendo emergir necessidades específicas em cuidados de saúde. Objetivo: Identificar a produção científica sobre as orientações terapêuticas de suporte à autogestão dos sintomas anorexia, dor, diarreia e obstipação, associados ao tratamento de quimioterapia. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de artigos das bases de dados MEDLINE® e CINAHL®, alargando a pesquisa a fontes de informação secundária. Apresentação dos resultados e discussão: Com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram incluídos na revisão 50 estudos/documentos, publicados entre 2008 e 2018. As orientações terapêuticas identificadas centram-se no aconselhamento nutricional, a introdução de modificações dietéticas, a prática de exercício, as terapias alternativas, como a acupuntura, e as terapias cognitivo-comportamentais. Conclusão: As orientações terapêuticas identificadas nesta revisão podem contribuir para a aquisição de conhecimentos e habilidades que permitam à pessoa assegurar o seu autocuidado, empoderando-a no processo de autogestão dos sintomas anorexia, dor, diarreia e obstipação, associados ao tratamento de quimioterapia.

Ex situ breeding programs are important conservation tools for endangered freshwater fish. However, developing husbandry techniques that decrease the likelihood of disease, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence determinants acquisition during this process is challenging. In this pilot study, we conducted a captivity experiment with Portuguese nase (Iberochondrostoma lusitanicum), a critically endangered leuciscid species, to investigate the influence of simple protective measures (i.e., material disinfection protocols and animal handling with gloves) on the dynamics of a potential pathogenic genus, Aeromonas, as well as its virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance signatures. Our findings show that antimicrobial resistance in Aeromonas spp. collected from I. lusitanicum significantly increased during the extent of the assay (5 weeks), with all isolates collected at the end of the study classified as multidrug-resistant. Additionally, humans handling fishes without protective measures were colonized by Aeromonas spp. The use of protective measures suggested a decreasing trend in Aeromonas spp. prevalence in I. lusitanicum, while bacterial isolates displayed significantly lower virulence index values when virulence phenotypical expression was tested at 22 °C. Despite this study representing an initial trial, which needs support from further research, protective measures tested are considered a simple tool to be applied in ex situ breeding programs for aquatic animals worldwide. Furthermore, current results raise concern regarding antimicrobial resistance amplification and zoonotic transmission of Aeromonas spp. in aquatic ex situ programs.

The potential of games in empowering underrepresented groups is a central theme in the field of media studies. However, to ensure that everyone can benefit from them, it is necessary to ensure that they are inclusive and accessible. In the present work, we have implemented a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach to target this problem, right at the stage of training new game designers and game developers. Thus, through a game-design-based or experimental game design pedagogical approach, we intended to promote inclusive and accessibility-driven game design and development skills in students, while decreasing their negative attitudes towards people with Intellectual Disability (pwID). A protocol with a Non-Governmental Organization in the field was established and, during two semesters, students were challenged to develop 10 accessible games and physical interfaces for pwID and motor disabilities, through participatory processes. Pre and post assessment was conducted, through a mixed-method approach. After participating in this process, students reported satisfaction and increased knowledge of cognitive and motor accessibility, and inclusive game design in general. Moreover, the attitudinal assessment showed significantly lower levels of prejudiced beliefs towards pwID (p < 0.05).

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is an extremely rare and aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with poor response to treatment and high mortality. There is an increased incidence among patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially young male patients under 35 years old and on combination therapy (thiopurine and anti-TNF-α). We describe a case of HSTCL in a young male patient with stenosing ileal Crohn’s disease on azathioprine monotherapy for 4.8 years admitted to our hospital with intra- abdominal sepsis. Despite chemotherapy, the patient eventually died 1 month after the diagnosis. Through a literature review, we identified 18 additional cases of HSTCL in Crohn’s disease patients that had only been treated with thiopurine monotherapy. The authors intend to highlight the rarity of this diagnosis especially with azathioprine monotherapy and the diagnostic challenge in a case that presented with intra-abdominal sepsis.

Marine algae are recognised sources of bioactive compounds that have attracted great interest as nutritional supplements for aquaculture fish. Intensive rearing conditions often expose fish to husbandry-related stressors, rendering fish more susceptible to disease and reducing production yields. The present work evaluated the potential of two marine algae extracts (Fucus vesiculosus and Nannochloropsis gaditana) as nutritional supplements to mitigate stress effects in meagre (Argyrosomus regius) exposed to an acute handling stress (AS). A plant-based diet was used as a control, and three other diets were prepared, which were similar to the control diet but supplemented with 1% of each algal extract or a combination of the two extracts (0.5% each). The effects of supplemented diets on stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune response were analysed in fish exposed to AS after 4 weeks of feeding. Supplemented diets did not affect growth performance but the inclusion of F. vesiculosus promoted higher feed efficiency, as compared to the control group. Dietary algal extracts supplementation reduced plasma glucose levels, increased white blood cell counts, and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes when compared with the control. N. gaditana supplementation led to a reduction in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione levels, while F. vesiculosus supplementation increased muscle glutathione reductase activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. These findings support the potential of algal extracts as nutraceuticals in aquafeeds to enhance the ability of fish to cope with husbandry-related stressful conditions and ultimately improve fish health and welfare.

Climate change is expected to create environmental disruptions that will impact a wide array of biota. Projections for freshwater ecosystems include severe alterations with gradients across geographical areas. Life traits in bacteria are modulated by environmental parameters, but there is still uncertainty regarding bacterial responses to changes caused by climatic alterations. In this study, we used a river water microcosm model to evaluate how Aeromonas spp., an important pathogenic and zoonotic genus ubiquitary in aquatic ecosystems, responds to environmental variations of temperature and pH as expected by future projections. Namely, we evaluated bacterial growth, biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Aeromonas species in pure and mixed cultures. Biofilm production was significantly influenced by temperature and culture, while temperature and pH affected bacterial growth. Reversion of antimicrobial susceptibility status occurred in the majority of strains and tested antimicrobial compounds, with several combinations of temperature and pH contributing to this effect. Current results highlight the consequences that bacterial genus such as Aeromonas will experience with climatic alterations, specifically how their proliferation and virulence and phenotypic resistance expression will be modulated. Such information is fundamental to predict and prevent future outbreaks and deleterious effects that these bacterial species might have in human and animal populations.

Despite the fact that freshwater fish populations are experiencing severe declines worldwide, our knowledge on the interaction between endangered populations and pathogenic agents remains scarce. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and structure of Aeromonas communities isolated from the critically endangered Iberochondrostoma lusitanicum, a model species for threatened Iberian leuciscids, as well as health parameters in this species. Additionally, we evaluated the virulence profiles, antimicrobial resistance signatures and genomic relationships of the Aeromonas isolates. Lesion prevalence, extension and body condition were deeply affected by location and seasonality, with poorer performances in the dry season. Aeromonas composition shifted among seasons and was also different across river streams. The pathogenic potential of the isolates significantly increased during the dry season. Additionally, isolates displaying clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance phenotypes (carbapenem and fluroquinolone resistance) were detected. As it inhabits intermittent rivers, often reduced to disconnected pools during the summer, the dry season is a critical period for I. lusitanicum, with lower general health status and a higher potential of infection by Aeromonas spp. Habitat quality seems a determining factor on the sustainable development of this fish species. Also, these individuals act as reservoirs of important antimicrobial resistant bacteria with potential implications for public health.