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The economic impacts of animal disease outbreaks have been widely discussed in the literature. Most authors have centred their attention on estimating the direct costs. Recent studies have shown that the indirect economic effects might lead to equal or even higher welfare losses. This study aims to contribute to this field of research by assessing the effect of an animal disease outbreak on food market price dynamics in Mexico, accounting for the potential effect of an antitrust intervention. We employ a regime‐dependent vector error correction model and a connected scatterplot analysis. The results show that both the outbreak and the antitrust intervention caused structural breaks in food market price dynamics between producers and consumers, reflected in an increase in the absolute component of the marketing margin, with serious food security implications.

Background AHOPCA is a collaborative group that designs uniform treatment regimens (protocols) for children diagnosed with cancer in Central America. Based on a preliminary report from one of the AHOPCA centers, AHOPCA adopted a treatment regimen to maintain a good event-free survival (EFS) as well as eliminate radiation therapy from the treatment of children with Hodgkin lymphoma. Procedure Newly diagnosed patients with histologically proven Hodgkin lymphoma were staged according to the Ann Arbor classification and divided into favorable (stage I, stage IIA, and IIIA) and unfavorable (stage IIB, IIIB, and IV) groups. Subjects classified as group 1 (favorable) were treated with six 28-day cycles of chemotherapy (COPP/COPP ± ABV). Subjects classified as group 2 (unfavorable) were treated with eight 28-day cycles of COPP/ABV chemotherapy. Results Of 269 patients registered, 216 were eligible for evaluation. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.5 years with a male to female ratio of 3.7–1. The predominant histology was nodular sclerosis (44%) but with a relatively high proportion of mixed cellularity (35.2%) The EFS at 5 and 10 years was 71% and 68%, respectively. There was a 14% rate of abandonment of therapy. Conclusion This treatment regimen for children with Hodgkin lymphoma, when applied as a multi-institutional regimen, had poorer outcome than our previously reported preliminary data and was inferior to the EFS reported in high-income countries. The major contributor adversely affecting EFS in this report is abandonment of therapy. Given these results, AHOPCA initiated a concerted effort to decrease abandonment of therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:997–1002. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The mediastinum is the most common site for primary intra-thoracic pathology in childhood. This paper describes the versatility of the Chamberlain operation in establishing tissue diagnosis and guiding definitive treatment in children with mediastinal mass lesions. During 1999-2006, 28 consecutive patients were referred to a National Oncology Center with anterior mediastinal pathology. Eleven underwent the Chamberlain procedure. Demographic data, diagnostic sensitivity, operating time and morbidity were recorded. All patients had preoperative chest X-ray and computed tomography scans. The Chamberlain operation was deployed in only those children without other ways of accurately establishing their diagnosis. Others with mediastinal pathology had a diagnosis established by lymph node biopsy, thoracentesis or other method(s). Eleven patients (nine male, two female; age range 2-13 years) underwent the Chamberlain procedure. In these children, there was no pre-existent diagnosis and this was the primary procedure employed. Diagnostic accuracy was 100%. Three patients had pleural disruption and chest tubes were placed at the time of surgery. No patient required a thoracotomy. Average operating time was 1.3 h. Five patients were diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma, four had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and two children thymic hyperplasia. The Chamberlain operation provides excellent access to the antero-superior mediastinum for biopsy of obscure mediastinal mass lesions in childhood. Complications from this procedure are very rare.

Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy due to JC virus is a rare complication of liver transplantation. Only four cases have already been described in the literature. This disease is difficult to differentiate from leucoencephalopathy associated with immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin or tacrolimus. Positive diagnosis of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy no longer requires cerebral biopsy. It must be confirmed by positive JC virus RNA amplification in the cerebrospinal fluid. We report a case of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy occurring 18 months after liver transplantation for hepatitis C-related cirrhosis.

AHOPCA is a collaborative group that designs uniform treatment regimens (protocols) for children diagnosed with cancer in Central America. Based on a preliminary report from one of the AHOPCA centers, AHOPCA adopted a treatment regimen to maintain a good event-free survival (EFS) as well as eliminate radiation therapy from the treatment of children with Hodgkin lymphoma.Newly diagnosed patients with histologically proven Hodgkin lymphoma were staged according to the Ann Arbor classification and divided into favorable (stage I, stage IIA, and IIIA) and unfavorable (stage IIB, IIIB, and IV) groups. Subjects classified as group 1 (favorable) were treated with six 28-day cycles of chemotherapy (COPP/COPP ± ABV). Subjects classified as group 2 (unfavorable) were treated with eight 28-day cycles of COPP/ABV chemotherapy.Of 269 patients registered, 216 were eligible for evaluation. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.5 years with a male to female ratio of 3.7-1. The predominant histology was nodular sclerosis (44%) but with a relatively high proportion of mixed cellularity (35.2%) The EFS at 5 and 10 years was 71% and 68%, respectively. There was a 14% rate of abandonment of therapy.This treatment regimen for children with Hodgkin lymphoma, when applied as a multi-institutional regimen, had poorer outcome than our previously reported preliminary data and was inferior to the EFS reported in high-income countries. The major contributor adversely affecting EFS in this report is abandonment of therapy. Given these results, AHOPCA initiated a concerted effort to decrease abandonment of therapy.

Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy due to JC virus is a rare complication of liver transplantation. Only four cases have already been described in the literature. This disease is difficult to differentiate from leucoencephalopathy associated with immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin or tacrolimus. Positive diagnosis of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy no longer requires cerebral biopsy. It must be confirmed by positive JC virus RNA amplification in the cerebrospinal fluid. We report a case of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy occurring 18 months after liver transplantation for hepatitis C-related cirrhosis.

We report a case of Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by protein C deficiency. The association of thrombosis of the the inferior vein cava of the hepatic vein resulted in the development of epidural varices and a central and peripheral neurological syndrome. These symptoms, which are atypical in this disease, resolved after surgical treatment of the Budd-Chiari syndrome (cavoatrial and mesocaval stenting).

We report a case of Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by protein C deficiency. The association of thrombosis of the the inferior vein cava of the hepatic vein resulted in the development of epidural varices and a central and peripheral neurological syndrome. These symptoms, which are atypical in this disease, resolved after surgical treatment of the Budd-Chiari syndrome (cavoatrial and mesocaval stenting).