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Flamingos are highly mobile waterbirds that can be found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The large distribution range of flamingos, the inaccessibility of most of their breeding sites and the lack of species-specific molecular markers, such as microsatellites, have hampered population genetics studies of these majestic birds. Here, we developed a library of microsatellite loci primers using high-throughput sequencing technology that could be used for further genetic studies on Phoenicopteriformes. Microsatellite and mitochondrial markers were employed for the genetic characterization of individuals of all flamingo species and their hybrids, and to conduct a population genetics study of the Caribbean flamingo. The phylogeny of Phoenicopteriformes was confirmed with six species grouped in two major clades that diverged approximately 13 Mya. This suggests the existence of two genera of flamingos, not three, as is currently accepted. The analysis of the genetic structure of the Caribbean flamingo shows that all Cuban demes constitute a single population isolated from the Bonairean colony. This supports suggestions of the existence of limited connectivity between northern and southern Caribbean colonies. The small Galápagos colony was confirmed as an isolated population with low genetic diversity; thus, it should be considered as threatened.

Background: This systematic review aimed to identify, describe, and analyze the global context of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) as public policy. Methods: The inclusion criteria were: studies on public oral health policies, dental caries, or ART. The exclusion criteria were: clinical studies, specific interventions unrelated to the decision making of managers or policymakers, studies that report public oral health policies that do not use ART as a strategy for caries treatment. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, BVS, Epistemonikos, Health Systems Evidence, and Rx for change. There were no language restrictions. Data extraction was performed by two authors independently according to the stages and categories of a conceptual framework and organized in spreadsheets using Microsoft Excel 365. Of the 2253 eligible articles, 139 were duplicates, and 1680 were not included after reviewing the title and abstract. After assessing the full text, 414 articles were excluded. Results: 20 articles were included in the current review. Nineteen were conducted in nine countries: South Africa (n = 3), Bolivia (n = 1), Cambodia (n = 2), Egypt (n = 2), Mexico (n = 2), Tanzania (n = 4), East Timor (n = 1), Tunisia (n = 1), and Zimbabwe (n = 3), and one in the Americas. Regarding local contexts, the studies reported a high prevalence of dental caries and a lack of access to restorative procedures in health services as common problems. Policy development processes were similar in some aspects, such as the presence of governments, conceptual use of scientific evidence, and induction by the World Health Organization. Regarding the barriers identified in the implementation stage, the lack of supplies to carry out the procedures and induction of the work process by managers were mentioned. As for the facilitators, permanent education and professional practice were mentioned. Cohort studies have shown promising results, with a survival rate greater than 80% after one year of follow up. Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review indicate that the use of ART in public policies is a promising option for tackling common problems in several countries, however, its use is still in an early stage.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess whether favorable factors related to school characteristics have a positive effect on the impact of traumatic dental injury (TDI) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). An epidemiological survey of oral health was conducted with 12-year-old schoolchildren from Quito, Ecuador. Children were examined for TDI, dental caries, and malocclusion. Individual socioeconomic data were also collected. Information on the physical environment, health practices, and occurrence of negative episodes at school was collected from the school coordinators. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14) was used to evaluate the OHRQoL (outcome variable). Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was conducted. Severe TDI was associated with higher CPQ11-14 scores, even in the multiple model adjusted for oral health conditions, sex, individual socioeconomic variables, and school-related variables. Children from schools that had an appropriate tooth-brushing environment for their students exhibited a lower impact on OHRQoL, even after adjustment for the occurrence of TDI and other variables. A favorable school environment may exert a positive effect on OHRQoL, independent of the occurrence of TDI.

AIM To investigate factors that influence the oral health-related quality of life of older people (65 years and over) in Brazil. BACKGROUND Population-based studies should be conducted to support health-planning interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the Sao Paulo State Survey on Oral Health (SBSP-2015), which consisted of 5951 individuals, were used. A theoretical-conceptual model was built based on the impact of family socio-economic characteristics, individual social-demographic features and self-perceived and clinical oral health status on the oral impact on daily performance (OIDP). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was conducted at 5% significance level. Statistically significant variables included within the adjusted logistic regression model entered the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). RESULTS Oral health impact on daily activities was observed in 34.6% of older people. Characteristics significantly related to impact on OIDP score were as follows: family income up to R$ 500 (OR = 2.73), self-perceived treatment need (OR = 1.33), self-perceived toothache (OR = 1.52), self-perception of denture replacement need (OR = 1.27), dissatisfaction (OR = 1.50) or very dissatisfied (OR = 2.57) with own oral health, partial lower denture use (OR = 1.34) and needing partial lower dentures (OR = 1.28). Increased number of people living in the same house (B = 0.05, OR = 1.06), number of bedrooms in the house (B = -0.10, OR = 0.90), age (B = -0.03, OR = 0.97) and number of teeth needing treatment (B = 0.08, OR = 1.08) contributed significantly to OIDP. CONCLUSION Prevalence of OIDP of older people in the state of Sao Paulo was related to factors other than their clinical and self-perceived oral health status.

The fuelling capacity of migratory birds and their ability to avoid health conditions derived from the subsequent fat overload are exceptional among vertebrates. In this work, we screen the expression of the genes involved in the production of ketone bodies (KB) in the liver of northern wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) during the development and resolution of migratory fattening. Thirteen genes were found to be regulated among the migratory stages. Based on the dynamics of gene expression, we concluded that KB play a versatile role in wheatears' energy metabolism homeostasis. The ketogenic pathway can adaptively: (i) provide carbon equivalents for lipogenesis, speeding up fuelling; (ii) replace glucose during long-distance flights using lipids as the substrate; (iii) act as a floodgate to avoid steatosis; and (iv) might provide a metabolic solution to defatting in captive birds.

The placenta is a remarkable organ that coordinates and regulates maternal-fetal interactions during pregnancy to optimize fetal development. A host of obstetric complications are associated with placental dysfunction, and existing methods for evaluating in vivo placental function fail to reliably detect at-risk pregnancies prior to maternal or fetal morbidity. Although routinely used as a monitoring tool, the predictive power of ultrasound for identifying compromised pregnancies is poor. Recent preclinical studies performed in our laboratory, using blood oxygen-level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) in the pregnant nonhuman primate (NHP), established a strong correlation between placental T2* values and maternal-fetal oxygen transport. Here we extend this work to a large, longitudinal, two-site study of quantitative in vivo T2* mapping in human pregnancies across 11 to 38 weeks of gestation to characterize the evolution of placental oxygenation in uncomplicated pregnancies and to elucidate the relationship between aberrant placental T2* and adverse obstetric outcomes attributable to placental dysfunction. This methodology has high discriminatory power and strong potential diagnostic utility.

The liver plays a principal role in avian migration. Here, we characterised the liver transcriptome of a long-distance migrant, the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), sampled at different migratory stages, looking for molecular processes linked with adaptations to migration. The analysis of the differentially expressed genes suggested changes in the periods of the circadian rhythm, variation in the proportion of cells in G1/S cell-cycle stages and the putative polyploidization of this cell population. This may explain the dramatic increment in the liver's metabolic capacities towards migration. Additionally, genes involved in anti-oxidative stress, detoxification and innate immune responses, lipid metabolism, inflammation and angiogenesis were regulated. Lipophagy and lipid catabolism were active at all migratory stages and increased towards the fattening and fat periods, explaining the relevance of lipolysis in controlling steatosis and maintaining liver health. Our study clears the way for future functional studies regarding long-distance avian migration.

Purpose: To assess whether favourable factors related to school characteristics have a positive effect on the impact on OHRQoL related to occurrence TDI.Methods: An epidemiological survey of oral health was conducted with 12-year-old scholars from Quito, Ecuador. Children were examined regarding TDI, dental caries, and malocclusion. Individual socioeconomic data was collected. Information on the physical environment, health practices and occurrence of negative episodes in the schools were collected with the school’s coordinators. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14) was answered to evaluate the OHRQoL (outcome variable). Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was conducted. Results: Occurrence of severe TDI was associated with higher CPQ11-14 scores, even in the multiple model adjusted for oral health conditions, sex, individual socioeconomic variables, and school-related variables. Children from schools that had an appropriate tooth brushing environment for their students exhibited a lower impact on OHRQoL, even when adjusted for occurrence of TDI and other variables. Conclusion: A favourable school environment may exert a positive effect on the OHRQoL, independently of the occurrence of TDI.

Robust epidemiological data allow for logical interventions taken in the interest of public health. Dental caries is a major public health problem driven by increased sugar consumption and various biological, behavioral, and psychosocial factors, and is known to strongly affect an individual’s quality of life. This study aims to critically review epidemiological data on the prevalence of dental caries in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACC) and its impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of the population. Although the majority of national surveys did not include all age groups and several countries reported a reduction in the prevalence of cavitated carious lesions, most nations still exhibited a high burden of decayed teeth. OHRQoL evaluation was limited to children and older adults only, and was not included in any national survey. Study heterogeneity and methodological issues hindered comparison of evidence between studies and over time, and updating national level data on caries prevalence and its impact on OHRQoL should be prioritized in LACCs.

This work presents an updated and more complete version of the transcriptome of a long-distance migrant, the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe). The improved transcriptome was produced from the independent mRNA sequencing of adipose tissue, brain, intestines, liver, skin, and muscle tissues sampled during the autumnal migratory season. This new transcriptome has better sequencing coverage and is more representative of the species’ migratory phenotype. We assembled 20,248 transcripts grouped into 16,430 genes, from which 78% were successfully annotated. All the standard assembly quality parameters were improved in the second transcriptome version.

To analyze the association between the coverage by oral health teams in the Family Health Strategy (FHS-OH) and the use of dental services among 12-year-old adolescents in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 2019.This is a cross-sectional study involving school-based research, which adopted the use of dental services as its outcome. Structural equation modeling was used to test the association between covariates and the outcome.Of the 615 participants, 74.0% used dental services in the last three years. ESF-SB (oral health coverage by family health strategy, acronym in Portuguese) ≥50% was associated with a greater use of public dental services [standardized coefficient (SC) = 0.10 -95%CI 0.01;0.18], a lower use of these services for prevention (SC = -0.07 -95%CI -0.17;0.01) and higher unhealthy food consumption (SC = 0.19 -95%CI 0.11;0.26).Higher ESF-SB coverage was associated with a lower use of dental services for prevention and higher unhealthy food consumption. Teams must organize the access to oral health service and qualify the work process.Analisar a associação entre a cobertura de equipes de saúde bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF-SB) e a utilização de serviços odontológicos entre adolescentes de 12 anos, em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, 2019.Trata-se de um estudo transversal, cujo desfecho foi a utilização de serviços odontológicos. Modelos de equações estruturais foram construídos para testar a associação das covariáveis com o desfecho.Dos 615 participantes, 74,0% utilizaram os serviços odontológicos nos últimos três anos. A cobertura de ESF-SB ≥50% associou-se a maior uso de serviços públicos [coeficiente padronizado (CP) = 0,10 - IC95% 0,01;0,18], menor uso para prevenção (CP = -0,07 - IC95% -0,17;0,01) e maior consumo de alimentos não saudáveis (CP = 0,19 - IC95% 0,11;0,26).Maiores coberturas de ESF-SB associaram-se a menor utilização de serviços para prevenção e maior consumo alimentar não saudável. As equipes devem organizar o acesso e qualificar o processo de trabalho.Analizar la asociación entre la cobertura de los equipos de salud bucal en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF-SB) y el uso de servicios odontológicos en 12 años en Mato Grosso do Sul, 2019.Este es un estudio transversal. El resultado fue el uso de servicios dentales. Se realizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para asociación de covariables con el resultado.De los 615 participantes, el 74,0% utilizó servicios dentales en los últimos tres años. La cobertura de ESF-SB ≥50% se asoció con mayor uso público [coeficiente estandarizado (CE) = 0,10 - IC95% 0,01;0,18], menor uso para prevención (CE = -0,07 - IC95% -0,17;0,01) y mayor consumo de alimentos no saludables (CE = 0,19 - IC95% 0,11;0,26).Mayor cobertura de ESF-SB se asoció con un menor uso para la prevención y un mayor consumo de alimentos no saludables. Los equipos de salud bucal deben organizar el proceso de trabajo.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a associação entre a cobertura de equipes de saúde bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF-SB) e a utilização de serviços odontológicos entre adolescentes de 12 anos, em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, 2019. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal, cujo desfecho foi a utilização de serviços odontológicos. Modelos de equações estruturais foram construídos para testar a associação das covariáveis com o desfecho. Resultados Dos 615 participantes, 74,0% utilizaram os serviços odontológicos nos últimos três anos. A cobertura de ESF-SB ≥50% associou-se a maior uso de serviços públicos [coeficiente padronizado (CP) = 0,10 - IC95% 0,01;0,18], menor uso para prevenção (CP = -0,07 - IC95% -0,17;0,01) e maior consumo de alimentos não saudáveis (CP = 0,19 - IC95% 0,11;0,26). Conclusão Maiores coberturas de ESF-SB associaram-se a menor utilização de serviços para prevenção e maior consumo alimentar não saudável. As equipes devem organizar o acesso e qualificar o processo de trabalho. Resumen Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre la cobertura de los equipos de salud bucal en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF-SB) y el uso de servicios odontológicos en 12 años en Mato Grosso do Sul, 2019. Métodos Este es un estudio transversal. El resultado fue el uso de servicios dentales. Se realizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para asociación de covariables con el resultado. Resultados De los 615 participantes, el 74,0% utilizó servicios dentales en los últimos tres años. La cobertura de ESF-SB ≥50% se asoció con mayor uso público [coeficiente estandarizado (CE) = 0,10 - IC95% 0,01;0,18], menor uso para prevención (CE = -0,07 - IC95% -0,17;0,01) y mayor consumo de alimentos no saludables (CE = 0,19 - IC95% 0,11;0,26). Conclusión Mayor cobertura de ESF-SB se asoció con un menor uso para la prevención y un mayor consumo de alimentos no saludables. Los equipos de salud bucal deben organizar el proceso de trabajo. Abstract Objective To analyze the association between the coverage by oral health teams in the Family Health Strategy (FHS-OH) and the use of dental services among 12-year-old adolescents in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 2019. Methods This is a cross-sectional study involving school-based research, which adopted the use of dental services as its outcome. Structural equation modeling was used to test the association between covariates and the outcome. Results Of the 615 participants, 74.0% used dental services in the last three years. ESF-SB (oral health coverage by family health strategy, acronym in Portuguese) ≥50% was associated with a greater use of public dental services [standardized coefficient (SC) = 0.10 -95%CI 0.01;0.18], a lower use of these services for prevention (SC = -0.07 -95%CI -0.17;0.01) and higher unhealthy food consumption (SC = 0.19 -95%CI 0.11;0.26). Conclusion Higher ESF-SB coverage was associated with a lower use of dental services for prevention and higher unhealthy food consumption. Teams must organize the access to oral health service and qualify the work process.

Background Population ageing in Brazil is rapid and is likely to place additional pressure over the Brazilian public health system. Objective This study aims to examine the factors associated with utilisation of dental services in the previous year among a representative sample of older adults from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods The sample included 5951 older adults who participated in the SBSP-15 study, an epidemiological survey conducted in 2015 in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The outcome "utilisation of dental services" was defined as having visited a dentist in the previous year. Chi-square tests were employed in the bivariate analyses and Poisson regressions with robust variance in the multilevel analysis. Results Only 30.5% of the participants had their last dental appointment within the previous year. Number of teeth and dental pain presented the strongest effects on the investigated outcome. Education, income, age, ethnicity, living alone, higher Family Health Strategy coverage and the Metropolitan area were associated with having visited a dentist in the previous year. Older adults who rated their oral health as positive did not report treatment need nor prosthodontic need, presented negative oral health-related quality of life, had their last dental appointment in the public health system and sought treatment due to pain or extraction also were more likely to report the utilisation of dental services in the previous year. Conclusion Regional, sociodemographic and subjective factors are associated with utilisation of dental services in the previous year among the elders from the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre impacto nas atividades de vida diária e variáveis sociodemográficas e parâmetros bucais em adolescentes no Estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados de 5.409 adolescentes que participaram da “Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde Bucal de São Paulo - SB”, de 2015. O impacto nas atividades de vida diária foi avaliado pelo índice de impacto das condições de saúde bucal nas atividades de vida diária (em inglês: oral impacts on daily performances [OIDP]), pela prevalência (presença ou ausência de impacto) e pela severidade do impacto (escores do OIDP). Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão binomial negativa inflado de zeros, considerando os pesos amostrais. Foram calculados as razões de prevalências (RP), as razões de médias (RM) e os intervalos de confiança (IC). Resultados: A prevalência de impacto nas atividades de vida diária foi de 37,4%. Após o ajuste, pôde-se observar que o sexo feminino permaneceu com maior prevalência (RP = 1,59; IC95% 1,36 ‒ 1,81) e severidade do impacto (RM = 1,49; IC95% 1,22 ‒ 1,81). Na comparação com brancos, os demais grupos tiveram maior prevalência de impacto. A renda familiar maior que R$ 2.501 (RM = 0,79; IC95% 0,64 ‒ 0,98) e a aglomeração domiciliar (RM = 1,18; IC95% 1,00 ‒ 1,39) foram associadas com a severidade do impacto. Nas condições de saúde bucal, verificou-se que a cárie não tratada (RP = 1,46; IC95% 1,23 ‒ 1,74) e o sangramento gengival (RP = 1,35; IC95% 1,14 ‒ 1,60) permaneceram associados com maior prevalência de impacto. Conclusão: Sexo feminino, ter cor não branca, ter cárie não tratada e sangramento gengival foram associados ao maior impacto nas atividades de vida diária. Ter renda maior que R$ 2.500 e residir em domicílios menos aglomerados associaram-se com menor impacto. ABSTRACT: Objective: To assess the association between the impact of oral health on daily life and sociodemographic variables with oral parameters in adolescents living in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from 5,409 adolescents who participated in the “State Oral Health Survey of São Paulo - OH”, 2015. The impact of oral health on daily life was assessed by the oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) index, prevalence (presence or absence of impact) and severity of impact (OIDP scores). The negative binomial regression model (zeros-inflated) was used, considering the complex sampling and the sample weights. Prevalence ratio (PR), ratio of means (ROM) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: The prevalence of impact was 37.4%. After adjusting for the model, the impact was more prevalent (PR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.22 ‒ 1.81) and more severe (RR = 1.49; 95%CI 1.22 ‒ 1.81) among females. Compared to white-skin people, all remaining groups had a higher prevalence of impact. Among socioeconomic characteristics, family income higher than R$ 2,501 (RR = 0.79; 95%CI 0.64 ‒ 0.98) and household crowding (RR = 1.18; 95%CI 1.00 ‒ 1.39) were associated with the severity of impact. In the oral health conditions, untreated caries (PR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.23 ‒ 1.74) and gingival bleeding (PR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.14 ‒ 1.60) were associated with higher prevalence of impact. Conclusion: Females, non-whites, with untreated caries and gingival bleeding were associated with higher impact of oral health on daily life. Family income higher than R$ 2,500 and living in less crowded households were factors associated with less impact.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre prevalência e severidade da cárie e fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos, comportamental e de condições de saúde bucal em adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados secundários de 5.558 adolescentes (15 a 19 anos) examinados na Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde Bucal de São Paulo em 2015. As associações foram testadas pelo modelo de regressão binomial negativa inflado de zeros, considerando-se os pesos amostrais. estimaram-se as razões de prevalência (RP), razões de média (RM) e intervalos de confiança (IC). Resultados: A prevalência de cárie foi de 71,7%, maior no gênero feminino (RP=1,09 - IC95% 1,04;1,15), associada a atraso escolar (RP=1,11 - IC95% 1,03;1,18), cálculo dentário (RP=1,10 - IC95% 1,01;1,20) e não acesso à água fluoretada (RP=1,21 - IC95% 1,01;1,45). Conclusão: A identificação dos fatores associados à cárie pode instruir a programação dos serviços de saúde dirigidos ao controle da doença. Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre prevalencia y magnitud de la caries y factores demográficos, socioeconómicos, conductuales y de salud bucal en adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos secundarios de 5.558 adolescentes (15 a 19 años) examinados en la Encuesta de Salud Oral del Estado de São Paulo en 2015. Las asociaciones se probaron mediante el modelo de regresión binomial negativa inflado de ceros, considerando los pesos de la muestra. Se estimaron las razones de prevalencia (RP), razones medias (RM) e intervalos de confianza (IC). Resultados: La prevalencia de caries fue del 71,7% y mayor en las mujeres (PR=1,09 y IC95% 1,04;1,15), asociada a atraso escolar (PR=1.11 - IC95% 1,03;1,18), cálculo dental (PR=1,10 - IC95% 1,01;1,20) y sin acceso a agua fluorada (PR=1,21 - IC95% 1,01;1,45). Conclusión: La identificación de los factores asociados con la caries puede instruir la programación de servicios de salud destinados a controlar enfermedad. Abstract Objective: To analyze association between prevalence and severity of dental caries and demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and oral health status in adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with secondary data on 5,558 adolescents examined in the São Paulo State Oral Health Survey in 2015. The zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was used, considering sample weights. Prevalence ratios (PR), ratios of mean (RM) and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results: Caries prevalence was 71.7%, and was higher in females (PR=1.09 - 95%CI 1.04;1.15), associated with being behind at school (PR=1.11 - 95%CI 1.03;1.18), dental calculus (PR=1.10 - 95%CI 1.01;1.20) and no access to fluoridated water (PR=1.21 - 95%CI 1.01;1.45). Conclusion: Identification of factors associated with dental caries can instruct the programming of health services aimed at controlling the disease.

This study aimed to identify factors associated with the need for complete dentures in one dental arch or both, among the elderly population. The cross-sectional household study was conducted with a representative sample of elderly people (65 years or older) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2015. The dependent variable was the need for complete dentures (in one arch or both), and independent variables were socioeconomic and demographic conditions, social capital, self-perception of oral health and access to dental services. Simple and multinomial logistic regression models tested effect measures (p < 0.05). A total of 5,948 elderly people participated. Results indicated that those with greater chances of needing a complete denture in one arch were male (OR = 1.54; CI95%:1.04–2.29), with fewer household goods (OR = 2.25; CI95%:1.50–3.38), lower monthly household income: R$501-1500 (OR = 3.44; CI95%:1.27–9.35), R$1501–2500 (OR = 4.11; CI95%:1.50–11.27), R$2501–4500 (OR = 2.76; CI95%:1.10–6.95), self-reported need for a complete denture (OR = 4.75; CI95%:3.08–7.35), ≥3 years since last dental appointment (OR = 1.80; CI95%:1.06–3.05), and dissatisfaction with last dental appointment (OR = 1.80; CI95%:1.06–3.05). There were more chances of the need for complete dentures in both arches among older elders (OR = 1.44; CI95%:1.06–1.88), with lower monthly household income: R$ < 501 (OR = 4.45; CI95%:1.71–11.60), R$501–1500 (OR = 4.01; CI95%:2.14–7.51), R$1501–2500 (OR = 2.95; CI95%:1.64–5.32), < 3 years of education (OR = 1.45; CI95%:1.13–1.85), feeling unhappy (OR = 2.74; CI95%:1.35–5.57), self-reported need for a complete denture (OR = 8.48; CI95%:5.75–12.50), dissatisfaction with their mouth (OR = 2.38; CI95%:1.64–3.46), ≥3 years since last dental appointment (OR = 4.28; CI95%:2.85–6.43), and dissatisfaction with last dental appointment (OR = 4.28; CI95%:2.85–6.43). The several dimensions of the determinants of the need for a complete denture reflect the influence of both demographic and socioeconomic aspects, social capital, self-perception of oral health and access to dental services.

BACKGROUND/AIM Since children spend most of their time in school, some environmental characteristics of the schools may influence the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI). Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of TDI in 12 years old children in Quito, Ecuador, and its association with some school environmental aspects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six calibrated examiners evaluated 998 children from 31 public schools of Quito, to evaluate the occurrence of TDI in anterior teeth. School coordinators answered questionnaires on school physical conditions, promotion of health practices and the occurrence of negative episodes in school. The occlusion and socioeconomic status of the participants were also evaluated. Prevalence of TDI, unadjusted and adjusted by the design effect was calculated. Association between individual and contextual explanatory variables and presence of TDI were evaluated using multilevel Poisson regression analysis (P

To analyze association between prevalence and severity of dental caries and demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and oral health status in adolescents.This was a cross-sectional study with secondary data on 5,558 adolescents examined in the São Paulo State Oral Health Survey in 2015. The zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was used, considering sample weights. Prevalence ratios (PR), ratios of mean (RM) and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.Caries prevalence was 71.7%, and was higher in females (PR=1.09 - 95%CI 1.04;1.15), associated with being behind at school (PR=1.11 - 95%CI 1.03;1.18), dental calculus (PR=1.10 - 95%CI 1.01;1.20) and no access to fluoridated water (PR=1.21 - 95%CI 1.01;1.45).Identification of factors associated with dental caries can instruct the programming of health services aimed at controlling the disease.Analisar a associação entre prevalência e severidade da cárie e fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos, comportamental e de condições de saúde bucal em adolescentes.Estudo transversal com dados secundários de 5.558 adolescentes (15 a 19 anos) examinados na Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde Bucal de São Paulo em 2015. As associações foram testadas pelo modelo de regressão binomial negativa inflado de zeros, considerando-se os pesos amostrais. estimaram-se as razões de prevalência (RP), razões de média (RM) e intervalos de confiança (IC).A prevalência de cárie foi de 71,7%, maior no gênero feminino (RP=1,09 - IC95% 1,04;1,15), associada a atraso escolar (RP=1,11 - IC95% 1,03;1,18), cálculo dentário (RP=1,10 - IC95% 1,01;1,20) e não acesso à água fluoretada (RP=1,21 - IC95% 1,01;1,45).A identificação dos fatores associados à cárie pode instruir a programação dos serviços de saúde dirigidos ao controle da doença.Analizar la asociación entre prevalencia y magnitud de la caries y factores demográficos, socioeconómicos, conductuales y de salud bucal en adolescentes.Estudio transversal con datos secundarios de 5.558 adolescentes (15 a 19 años) examinados en la Encuesta de Salud Oral del Estado de São Paulo en 2015. Las asociaciones se probaron mediante el modelo de regresión binomial negativa inflado de ceros, considerando los pesos de la muestra. Se estimaron las razones de prevalencia (RP), razones medias (RM) e intervalos de confianza (IC).La prevalencia de caries fue del 71,7% y mayor en las mujeres (PR=1,09 y IC95% 1,04;1,15), asociada a atraso escolar (PR=1.11 - IC95% 1,03;1,18), cálculo dental (PR=1,10 - IC95% 1,01;1,20) y sin acceso a agua fluorada (PR=1,21 - IC95% 1,01;1,45).La identificación de los factores asociados con la caries puede instruir la programación de servicios de salud destinados a controlar enfermedad.

A new lead cementation equipment and lead cementation process with aluminium metal in chloride media have been developed by Cobre Las Cruces. Lead-bearing material is leached in hot brine solution; next, pregnant solution is purified to remove certain impurities; finally, lead metal is cemented onto rotating aluminium discs. That way, lead is produced in form of lead powder that is further compacted and melted to yield lead ingots. Cobre Las Cruces operated along one year new cementator prototype feeding 20 kg/h of lead and producing at the end more than 25 tonnes of lead metal powder. Compaction tests on lead powder were also undertaken. The lead cementator prototype includes a few rotating aluminium discs where lead particles are deposited on aluminium surface and detached in continuous applying variable rotational speed. Achievements of developed lead cementation project are very valuable and are outlined in this paper.

Cobre Las Cruces has developed a novel and advanced concept named “Poly Metallurgical Refinery (PMR)” able to treat efficiently polymetallic bulk concentrates and low-grade and dirty concentrates that cannot be processed in conventional refineries. For instance, metal content of treated bulk concentrates range: 2–4% Cu, 5–10% Zn, 3–5% Pb, and 100–200 ppm Ag. The “PMR” concept is based on smart and suitable integration of innovative hydrometallurgical technologies including leaching, purification, and metals winning, aiming to produce on-site several refined or added value metals such as Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ag. Integrated hydrometallurgical technologies developed by Cobre Las Cruces has been tested and validated at pilot plant scale, feeding 300–400 kg/h of bulk concentrates; gathered results have been very positive and new PMR Technologies present many advantages versus conventional technologies, e.g. increased mineral resources efficiency, higher metals recovery, and minimum environmental footprint. In short, PMR Technologies represent a great technological breakthrough for the twenty-first century mining-metallurgical industry aiming to develop a more robust and sustainable business to benefit efficiently complex and polymetallic ores.

To assess the association between the impact of oral health on daily life and sociodemographic variables with oral parameters in adolescents living in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from 5,409 adolescents who participated in the "State Oral Health Survey of São Paulo - OH", 2015. The impact of oral health on daily life was assessed by the oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) index, prevalence (presence or absence of impact) and severity of impact (OIDP scores). The negative binomial regression model (zeros-inflated) was used, considering the complex sampling and the sample weights. Prevalence ratio (PR), ratio of means (ROM) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.The prevalence of impact was 37.4%. After adjusting for the model, the impact was more prevalent (PR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.22 ‒ 1.81) and more severe (RR = 1.49; 95%CI 1.22 ‒ 1.81) among females. Compared to white-skin people, all remaining groups had a higher prevalence of impact. Among socioeconomic characteristics, family income higher than R$ 2,501 (RR = 0.79; 95%CI 0.64 ‒ 0.98) and household crowding (RR = 1.18; 95%CI 1.00 ‒ 1.39) were associated with the severity of impact. In the oral health conditions, untreated caries (PR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.23 ‒ 1.74) and gingival bleeding (PR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.14 ‒ 1.60) were associated with higher prevalence of impact.Females, non-whites, with untreated caries and gingival bleeding were associated with higher impact of oral health on daily life. Family income higher than R$ 2,500 and living in less crowded households were factors associated with less impact.Verificar a associação entre impacto nas atividades de vida diária e variáveis sociodemográficas e parâmetros bucais em adolescentes no Estado de São Paulo.Estudo transversal com dados de 5.409 adolescentes que participaram da “Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde Bucal de São Paulo - SB”, de 2015. O impacto nas atividades de vida diária foi avaliado pelo índice de impacto das condições de saúde bucal nas atividades de vida diária (em inglês: oral impacts on daily performances [OIDP]), pela prevalência (presença ou ausência de impacto) e pela severidade do impacto (escores do OIDP). Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão binomial negativa inflado de zeros, considerando os pesos amostrais. Foram calculados as razões de prevalências (RP), as razões de médias (RM) e os intervalos de confiança (IC).A prevalência de impacto nas atividades de vida diária foi de 37,4%. Após o ajuste, pôde-se observar que o sexo feminino permaneceu com maior prevalência (RP = 1,59; IC95% 1,36 ‒ 1,81) e severidade do impacto (RM = 1,49; IC95% 1,22 ‒ 1,81). Na comparação com brancos, os demais grupos tiveram maior prevalência de impacto. A renda familiar maior que R$ 2.501 (RM = 0,79; IC95% 0,64 ‒ 0,98) e a aglomeração domiciliar (RM = 1,18; IC95% 1,00 ‒ 1,39) foram associadas com a severidade do impacto. Nas condições de saúde bucal, verificou-se que a cárie não tratada (RP = 1,46; IC95% 1,23 ‒ 1,74) e o sangramento gengival (RP = 1,35; IC95% 1,14 ‒ 1,60) permaneceram associados com maior prevalência de impacto.Sexo feminino, ter cor não branca, ter cárie não tratada e sangramento gengival foram associados ao maior impacto nas atividades de vida diária. Ter renda maior que R$ 2.500 e residir em domicílios menos aglomerados associaram-se com menor impacto.

Most of the birds's adaptations for migration have a neuroendocrine origin, triggered by changes in photoperiod and the patterns of Earth's magnetic field. Migration phenomenology has been well described in the past decades, yet the genetic structure behind it remains terra incognita. We used RNA-Seq data to investigate which biological functions are linked with the seasonal brain adaptations of a long-distance trans-continental migratory passerine, the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe). We sequenced the wheatear's transcriptomes at three different stages: lean birds, a characteristic phenotype before the onset of migration, during fattening, and at their maximal migratory body mass. We identified a total of 15,357 genes in the brain of wheatears, of which 84 were differentially expressed. These were mostly related to nervous tissue development, angiogenesis, ATP production, innate immune response, and antioxidant protection, as well as GABA and dopamine signalling. The expression pattern of differentially expressed genes is correlated with typical phenotypic changes before migration, such as hyperphagia, migratory restlessness, and a potential increment in the visual and spatial memory capacities. Our work points out, for future studies, biological functions found to be involved in the development of the migratory phenotype —a unique model to study the core of neural, energetic and muscular adaptations for endurance exercise. Comparison of wheatears' transcriptomic data with two other studies with similar goals shows no correlation among the trends in the gene expression. It highlights the complexity and diversity of adaptations for long-distance migration in birds.

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados ao tipo de serviço odontológico utilizado por adultos. Métodos: O estudo transversal analítico utilizou-se de dados secundários do Levantamento Epidemiológico representativo da população adulta (35-44 anos) no município de Embu das Artes-SP, Brasil, em 2008. A coleta de dados por amostragem probabilística foi realizada nos domicílios. O desfecho foi ser usuário do serviço público odontológico para tratamento regular ou atendimento de urgência. As variáveis independentes foram: agravos bucais (Índice de dentes Permanentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados, Índice Periodontal Comunitário, Perda de Inserção Periodontal e necessidade de prótese); condições socioeconômicas (renda familiar, aglomeração domiciliar, número de filhos, escolaridade); condições demográficas (sexo, estado civil, cor da pele); hábitos (fumo); utilização dos serviços (tempo da última consulta odontológica, informações sobre como evitar problemas bucais); percepção dos problemas bucais (dor de dente nos últimos seis meses, necessidade de tratamento e condição bucal afeta relacionamentos com outras pessoas). Houve realização de análise descritiva e bivariada, além das razões de prevalência (RP). Resultados: Houve a participação de 345 adultos, sendo 53% usuários do serviço público para tratamento regular ou urgência odontológica. O uso regular ou de urgência odontológico público foi associado ao sexo feminino (RP = 1,32; IC95%: 1,14-1,54), ter maior número de filhos (RP = 1,15; IC95%: 1,01-1,31), aglomeração domiciliar (RP = 1,88; IC95%: 1,42-2,50), menor renda familiar (RP = 2,23; IC95%: 1,33- 3,66), relato de dor nos últimos 6 meses (RP = 1,43; IC95%: 1,06-1,42), considerar que a condição bucal afeta os relacionamentos com outras pessoas (RP = 1,30; IC95%: 1,05-1,62), e ser fumante ou ex fumante (RP = 1,67; IC95%: 1,15-2,24). O uso do serviço público apenas para o tratamento de urgência foi maior entre mulheres (RP = 1,48; IC95%: 1,16-1,86), maior número de filhos (RP = 1,22; IC95%: 1,08-1,37), aglomeração domiciliar (RP: 1,54; IC95%: 1,20-1,97), menor renda familiar (RP = 1,68; IC95%: 1,07-2,62) e apresentar relato de dor nos últimos seis meses (RP = 1,37; IC95%: 1,03-1,83). Conclusão: O uso do serviço odontológico público esteve associado a fatores socioeconômicos, e isso demonstra que, mesmo há 10 anos, o município praticava o princípio da equidade na atenção à saúde bucal. Descritores: Acesso aos serviços de saúde. Odontologia em saúde pública. Serviços de saúde bucal.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to analyse the factors associated with self-perceived need for dental treatment among adolescents. METHODS A representative sample in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, comprising 5558 adolescents, was evaluated in 2015. The adolescents were selected by probabilistic sampling by conglomerates in two stages. The outcome evaluated was self-perceived treatment need measured via a validated questionnaire. Independent variables included sociodemographic factors, type, frequency and reason for last dental visit, and examination of oral conditions. Statistical analysis was based on the multiple hierarchical logistic regression model. RESULTS Of the total sample, 3340 (62.6%) adolescents reported needing dental treatment. After fitting the model, the self-perceived need for treatment was associated with adolescents with family income of up to $1,500 BRL (OR 1.39; [95% CI = 1.20-1.60]; P

The fuelling capacity of migratory birds and their ability to avoid health conditions derived from the subsequent fat overload are exceptional among vertebrates. In this work, we screen the expression of the genes involved in the production of ketone bodies (KB) in the liver of northern wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) during the development and resolution of migratory fattening. Thirteen genes were found to be regulated among the migratory stages. Based on the dynamics of gene expression, we concluded that KB play a versatile role in wheatears' energy metabolism homeostasis. The ketogenic pathway can adaptively: (i) provide carbon equivalents for lipogenesis, speeding up fuelling; (ii) replace glucose during long-distance flights using lipids as the substrate; (iii) act as a floodgate to avoid steatosis; and (iv) might provide a metabolic solution to defatting in captive birds.

O trabalho objetivou descrever e qualificar o acesso a computadores e à rede de internet, bem como ao ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) e suas respectivas ferramentas, por graduandos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Estudo transversal, baseado em questionários aplicados em um universo de 715 estudantes, os quais estivessem presentes nas salas de aula das onze turmas dos diferentes anos e turnos. Foram feitas análises de distribuição de frequência e teste de associação no programa EPI-Info v.6.0, medidas pela Razão de Chances (OR - odds ratio). Todos os respondentes (n=400) possuem computador em casa, 98% com acesso à internet e 84,5% utilizam os computadores disponibilizados pela Instituição. Majoritariamente (89,7%), os alunos dedicaram mais de duas horas semanais para atividades virtuais. Observou-se que os alunos do noturno apresentaram duas vezes mais chances de utilização de computador que alunos do integral. Ao menos uma disciplina que utiliza o AVA (Plataforma Moodle) foi identificada por 96,5% dos estudantes. Ao acessar o AVA, os alunos declararam ter maior facilidade para acessar a página inicial e os textos disponibilizados. Fóruns e chats foram apontados como ações de menor facilidade de execução. Não houve associação entre o tempo de uso do computador e a avaliação da utilização das ferramentas. Infraestrutura computacional que acompanhe os avanços tecnológicos e a utilização de um AVA com ferramentas acessíveis podem potencializar a incorporação da educação online.

The design of an electronically steerable wideband planar traveling-wave antenna is presented. The proposed antenna has a very simple structure based on a microstrip line loaded with several radiating elements and phase shifters between them. The phase shifters are based on tunable capacitances, in order to perform a continuous phase shift between the radiating elements and control the main beam direction. The radiating elements are complementary strip slots that have a very broad impedance bandwidth, thus allowing the antenna to have two different modes of operation: maintaining the main lobe direction over a significant bandwidth, 1.71–2.17 GHz, and performing a main beam scanning over this bandwidth with a maximum angle range of $-45^{\circ}$ to 45° at 2 GHz.

Revealing the genetic population structure in abundant avian species is crucial for understanding speciation, conservation, and evolutionary history. The Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio, an iconic songbird renowned for impaling its prey, is widely distributed as a breeder across much of Europe, Asia Minor and western Asia. However, in recent decades, many populations have declined significantly, as a result of habitat loss, hunting along migration routes, decrease of arthropod food, and climate change e.g., severe droughts in Africa. Within this context, gene flow among different breeding populations becomes critical to ensure the survival of the species, but we still lack an overview on the genetic diversity of the species. In this paper, we analyzed the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (mtDNA) and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (mtDNA) of 132 breeding Red-backed Shrikes from across the entire breeding range to address this knowledge gap. Our results revealed consistent genetic diversity and 76 haplotypes among the Eurasian populations. Birds are clustered in two major groups, with no clear geographical separation, as a direct consequence of Pleistocene glaciations and apparent lineage mixing in refugia. This has led to genetic panmixia.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of school failure among Brazilian adolescents with social conditions and aspects of oral health through hierarchical analysis. METHODS A state-wide survey of 5,558 adolescents from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, inquired about the sociodemographic and social capital of participants by using a structured questionnaire. Trained and calibrated professionals performed intraoral examinations and interviews in the households. Questions about the access to dentist, reason for and frequency of using dental services, toothache episodes and impact of oral conditions on daily activities (OIDP) were applied. Oral examinations evaluated caries experience, tooth losses, periodontal problems, presence of open bite, and maxillary and mandibular overjet. School failure was estimated according to the teenagers’ years of schooling. The independent variables were grouped into three blocks: sociodemographic and economic characteristics, social capital and oral health aspects. The multiple hierarchical logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with school failure. RESULTS Of the total sample, information about schooling of 5,162 adolescents was obtained, of whom 29.6% presented school failure. We found that adolescents over the age of 16 years who did not declare themselves as white, female, with feelings of insecurity, unhappiness, with toothache, caries, tooth losses, affected by dentofacial and/or periodontal changes, were more likely to fail at school. CONCLUSION Oral disorders and social factors were associated with school failure in adolescents. A successful school trajectory was a strong determinant of health, therefore actions between the educational and health sectors must be developed for adolescents, especially those with this profile.

The objective of this study was to investigate the experience of caries related to social capital and associated factors in adults in large-scale population-based study. A Cross-sectional study was performed in 163 municipalities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil (SBSP-2015). 17,560 people were evaluated, of which 6051 were adults aged 35–44 years. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was proposed. Outcome variables (decayed teeth, missing teeth and DMFT) and independent variables were included in the model, considering the distal (income and schooling); intermediate (social capital) and proximal levels (sex and ethnicity). Results showed that income up to 1,500 reais – US$ 367.6 in 11/11/2019 - (OR = 1.91;1.75–2.08), schooling up to 8 years (OR = 1.32;1.12–1.56) and non-white ethnicity (OR = 1.54;1.35–1.76) were more likely to have decayed teeth. Income up to 1500 reais (OR = 1.29;1.15-1.44), schooling up to 8 years (OR = 2.13;1.90–2.38), low social capital (OR = 1.84;1.65–2.04), medium social capital (OR = 1.15;1.01–1.30) and females were more likely to have lost teeth (OR = 1.13;1.03–1.23). Schooling up to 8 years (OR = 1.51;1.35–1.69), low social capital (OR = 1.25; 1.14–1.37) and female (OR = 1.40,1.19–1.53) were associated with DMFT. It was concluded that sociodemographic factors and low social capital were associated with the experience of caries, which should be taken into account in the formulation of public policies.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the factors associated with tooth loss in adults from the position and number of teeth lost in the dental arches. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with adults participating in the epidemiological survey of oral health of São Paulo in 2015. The outcome of the study was tooth loss, assessed by the proposed classification, namely: I) lost up to 12 back teeth; II) lost up to 12 teeth (including front teeth); and III) lost more than 12 teeth. A four-block analysis was conducted, supported by a conceptual theoretical model adapted for tooth loss. For the multinomial logistic regression, “individuals who did not lose teeth due to caries or periodontal disease” was used as reference (p < 0.05). RESULTS Of 6,051 adults evaluated, 25.3% (n = 1,530) were classified in category I, 32.7% (n = 1,977) in II, 9.4% (n = 568) in III, and 1.9% (n = 117) were edentulous. Lower income and schooling, the perception of need for treatment and the last appointment motivated by routine, pain or extraction were associated with tooth loss, regardless of the classification. The negative evaluation of the dental service was associated with individuals who lost up to 12 teeth, both front and back. The presence of women and periodontal pocket were associated with tooth loss of up to 12 teeth, including front, and more than 12 teeth. Caries were associated with adults who lost up to 12 teeth, including front teeth. CONCLUSION The proposed classification allowed the identification of differences between the associated factors. Thus, the need to consider such classification in future studies is evident. RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar os fatores associados à perda dentária em adultos a partir da posição e do número de dentes perdidos nos arcos dentários. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, populacional, com adultos participantes do levantamento epidemiológico de saúde bucal de São Paulo em 2015. O desfecho do estudo foi a perda dentária, avaliada pela classificação proposta, a saber: I) perdeu até 12 dentes posteriores; II) perdeu até 12 dentes (incluindo dentes anteriores); e III) perdeu acima de 12 dentes. Realizou-se uma análise em quatro blocos, apoiada em um modelo teórico conceitual adaptado para perdas dentárias. Para a regressão logística multinominal, usou-se “indivíduos que não tenham perdido dentes por cárie ou doença periodontal” como referência (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS De 6.051 adultos avaliados, 25,3% (n = 1.530) foram classificados na categoria I, 32,7% (n = 1.977) na II, 9,4% (n = 568) na III e 1,9% (n = 117) eram desdentados totais. A menor renda e escolaridade, a percepção de necessidade de tratamento e última consulta motivada por rotina, dor ou extração foram associados à perda dentária, independentemente da classificação. A avaliação negativa do serviço odontológico esteve associada aos indivíduos que perderam até 12 dentes, tanto anteriores quanto posteriores. O sexo feminino e a presença de bolsa periodontal foram associados a perdas dentárias de até 12 dentes, incluindo anteriores, e acima de 12 dentes. A presença de cárie foi associada aos adultos que perderam até 12 dentes, incluindo dentes anteriores. CONCLUSÃO A classificação proposta permitiu a identificação de diferenças entre os fatores associados. Assim, fica evidente a necessidade de considerá-la em estudos futuros.

OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence and gravity of coronal dental caries for populations of adolescents, adults and elderly people.METHODS: For the crossing of data of the average DMF rates by Regional Health Directorate (RHD) with the digital cartographical base, municipals were grouped by RHD, and the connection between the two bases was formed by a common code or “primary key” in the TerraView® software program (version 4.2.1).RESULTS: The distribution of the DMF average for the teen population was the worst for RHD 8, while RHDs 4, 7 and 14 had lower averages. For the adult population, RHDs 4 and 12 presented the lowest DMF averages. On the other hand, RHDs 8, 13, and 16 had the worst results. For the elderly population, the RHD 4 presented the lowest average, and RHD 9 the highest DMF rate for this population.CONCLUSION: The differences in DMF averages among the RHDs and the populations studied showed that it is necessary to plan different locoregional oral health actions to face the severe clinical state exposed, since its spatial distribution is disparate, with concentrations of cases in certain regions for all age groups studied. OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence and gravity of coronal dental caries for populations of adolescents, adults and elderly people.METHODS: For the crossing of data of the average DMF rates by Regional Health Directorate (RHD) with the digital cartographical base, municipals were grouped by RHD, and the connection between the two bases was formed by a common code or “primary key” in the TerraView® software program (version 4.2.1).RESULTS: The distribution of the DMF average for the teen population was the worst for RHD 8, while RHDs 4, 7 and 14 had lower averages. For the adult population, RHDs 4 and 12 presented the lowest DMF averages. On the other hand, RHDs 8, 13, and 16 had the worst results. For the elderly population, the RHD 4 presented the lowest average, and RHD 9 the highest DMF rate for this population.CONCLUSION: The differences in DMF averages among the RHDs and the populations studied showed that it is necessary to plan different locoregional oral health actions to face the severe clinical state exposed, since its spatial distribution is disparate, with concentrations of cases in certain regions for all age groups studied. *** Análise espacial da experiência de cárie em população de adolescentes, adultos e idosos do estado de São Paulo: dados do SB SP 2015 ***OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência, gravidade e distribuição da cárie dentária na população de adolescentes, adultos e idosos.METODOLOGIA: Para o cruzamento dos dados foi realizada a ligação entre as duas bases por um código comum ou “chave primária” no software TerraView® (versão 4.2.1).RESULTADOS: A distribuição da média CPOD para a população adolescente foi pior para a DRS 8, enquanto as DRS 4, 7 e 14 apresentaram as menores médias. Para a população adulta, as DRS 4 e 12 apresentaram as menores médias CPOD. Em contrapartida, as DRS 8, 13 e 16 mostraram os piores resultados. Em relação à população idosa, a DRS 4 apresentou menor média, e a DRS 9 a maior média CPOD para esta população.CONCLUSÃO: As diferentes médias dos CPOD entre as DRS e entre as populações estudadas demonstram a necessidade de planejamento de ações de saúde bucal locorregionais diferentes para o enfrentamento da heterogeneidade encontrada.Palavras-chave: cárie dentária; inquéritos epidemiológicos; inquéritos de saúde bucal; índice CPO; saúde bucal.

To evaluate the relationship between decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF index) and body mass index (BMI).This was a cross-sectional, population-based study developed in 2015 at a primary health care (PHC) unit in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants completed a form including sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, nutritional, general health and oral health data. An anthropometric oral assessment was performed, and the association of DMFT and its components with not-categorised and categorised BMI was tested through simple and multiple logistic analysis, trend test and Spearman correlation.The sample consisted of 239 individuals aged 18 to 70 years. The prevalence of caries was 84.5%, the mean DMFT was 14.6 and the mean BMI was 27.46. There was positive association for DMFT with BMI and age, sex, formal education, hypertension, diabetes and use of dental floss. A positive association is also suggested between BMI and missing teeth.A correlation was observed between DMFT (missing teeth) and BMI. This can help to identify at-risk groups, plan progammes and treatment of overweight and obese individuals in primary health care.

We have sequenced a partial transcriptome of the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), a species with one of the longest migrations on Earth. The transcriptome was constructed de novo using RNA-Seq sequence data from the pooled mRNA of six different tissues: brain, muscle, intestine, liver, adipose tissue and skin. The samples came from nine captive-bred wheatears collected at three different stages of the endogenous autumn migratory period: (1) lean birds prior the onset of migration, (2) during the fattening stage and (3) individuals at their migratory body mass plateau, when they have almost doubled their lean body mass. The sample structure used to build up the transcriptome of the Northern Wheatears concerning tissue composition and time guarantees the future survey of the regulatory genes involved in the development of the migratory phenotype. Through the pre-migratory period, birds accomplish outstanding physical and behavioural changes that involve all organ systems. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms through which birds synchronize and control hyperphagia, fattening, restlessness increase, immunity boosting and tuning the muscles for such endurance flight are still largely unknown. The use of RNA-Seq has emerged as a powerful tool to analyse complex traits on a broad scale, and we believe it can help to characterize the migratory phenotype of wheatears at an unprecedented level. The primary challenge to conduct quantitative transcriptomic studies in non-model species is the availability of a reference transcriptome, which we have constructed and described in this paper. The cDNA was sequenced by pyrosequencing using the Genome Sequencer Roche GS FLX System; with single paired-end reads of about 400 bp. We estimate the total number of genes at 15,640, of which 67% could be annotated using Turkey and Zebra Finch genomes, or protein sequence information from SwissProt and NCBI databases. With our study, we have made a first step towards understanding the migratory phenotype regarding gene expression of a species that has become a model to study birds long-distance migrations.

Introduction: The epidemiological profile of dental caries for Indigenous Peoples is complex and heterogeneous. The oral health of the Kaingang people, third largest Indigenous population from Brazil, has not been investigated so far. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of dental caries, in addition to the associated factors of the need of dental extraction among Kaingang adult Indigenous. Methods: A cross-sectional oral health survey was conducted among Kaingang adults aged from 35 to 44 years old living in the Guarita Indigenous Land, Rio Grande do Sul. Clinical exams were performed to analyze the conditions of dental crown and treatment needs. Results: A total of 107 Indigenous adults were examined. Mean DMFT score was 14.45 (± 5.80). Two-thirds of the DMFT score accounted for missing teeth. Anterior lower dentition presented the highest rates of sound teeth, whereas the lower first molars had the lowest. Need for dental extraction was observed in 34.58% and was associated with village location, time of last dental visit, and higher number of decayed teeth. Conclusion: The high frequencies of caries and missing teeth observed in this population indicate a lack of adequate assistance. It is essential to discuss health care models in order to combat avoidable social and health injustices.

INTRODUCTION The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association of socioeconomic status (SES) as a latent variable on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) using four definitions of functional dentition (FD) for elderly people. METHODS Four sets of multilevel generalised structural equation models (GSEM) were used: (i) WHO Functional Dentition (FDWHO); (ii) Well-distributed teeth (WDT); (iii) FDclass5 ; and (iv) FDclass6 . The indirect effects of SES on OHRQoL were measured in 5951 elderly participants in the Sao Paulo Oral Health 2015 (SBSP-15) survey. The latent variable (OHRQoL) was extracted from the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances questionnaire, and GSEM was used to estimate the direction of association among the variables. RESULTS SES was directly and strongly associated with FDWHO (Total effects [SC] = 0.56, P

This study evaluates the prevalence and risk factors of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) in a Brazilian population of workers exposed and non-exposed to acid mists and chemical products. One hundred workers (46 exposed and 54 non-exposed) were evaluated in a Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador – CEREST (Worker’s Health Reference Center). The workers responded to questionnaires regarding their personal information and about alcohol consumption and tobacco use. A clinical examination was conducted to evaluate the presence of NCCLs, according to WHO parameters. Statistical analyses were performed by unconditional logistic regression and multiple linear regression, with the critical level of p < 0.05. NCCLs were significantly associated with age groups (18-34, 35-44, 45-68 years). The unconditional logistic regression showed that the presence of NCCLs was better explained by age group (OR = 4.04; CI 95% 1.77-9.22) and occupational exposure to acid mists and chemical products (OR = 3.84; CI 95% 1.10-13.49), whereas the linear multiple regression revealed that NCCLs were better explained by years of smoking (p = 0.01) and age group (p = 0.04). The prevalence of NCCLs in the study population was particularly high (76.84%), and the risk factors for NCCLs were age, exposure to acid mists and smoking habit. Controlling risk factors through preventive and educative measures, allied to the use of personal protective equipment to prevent the occupational exposure to acid mists, may contribute to minimizing the prevalence of NCCLs.