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El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar las diferencias entre el sexo en jugadores profesionales, que compitieron en el World Padel Tour durante cuatro temporadas (2016-2019). Se recopilaron los indicadores de rendimiento de 1070 sets (532 partidos), de los videos de acceso abierto del canal de YouTube de WPT. Se analizaron las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en los indicadores de rendimiento según el número de set, la ronda del cuadro y el tipo de torneo a través de un análisis descriptivo e inferencial. Los hombres realizan más remates y remates ganadores que las mujeres independientemente del contexto de juego. Por el contrario, las mujeres realizan más puntos de quiebre, puntos de quiebre ganadores, errores y golpes ganadores que los hombres. Existen más diferencias significativas entre mujeres y hombres en los indicadores de rendimiento en el torneo open, seguido de los torneos master y donde menos diferencias hay es en los torneos master final. Además, los remates y los remates ganadores son los indicadores de rendimiento donde la magnitud del tamaño del efecto es más grande (d>.80). Estos hallazgos resultan de gran interés, pues ayuda a los entrenadores a conocer que indicadores de rendimiento condicionan el estilo de juego según el sexo de los deportistas.

El objetivo de esta investigación es profundizar en el conocimiento de la oferta mediática y de los hábitos de las audiencias de los medios extranjeros destinados a las poblaciones migrantes procedentes de los países nórdicos asentadas en la Costa del Sol. Además de establecer un censo de los medios para residentes de Suecia, Finlandia, Dinamarca y Noruega existentes en esta zona litoral del sur de España, se indaga sobre la percepción de sus públicos a través de una doble metodología cuantitativa (cuestionarios) y cualitativa (grupos de discusión). Entre los resultados obtenidos se observa un cierto estancamiento en el número de medios en estos idiomas, con poca variedad en la oferta, ceñida básicamente a la prensa, pero una alta satisfacción con el papel que cumplen estas publicaciones en lo relativo al conocimiento del entorno y su idiosincrasia.

The transition to energy systems with a high share of renewable energy depends on the availability of technologies that can connect the physical distances or bridge the time differences between the energy supply and demand points. This study focuses on energy storage technologies due to their expected role in liberating the energy sector from fossil fuels and facilitating the penetration of intermittent renewable sources. The performance of 27 energy storage alternatives is compared considering sustainability aspects by means of data envelopment analysis. To this end, storage alternatives are first classified into two clusters: fast-response and long-term. The levelized cost of energy, energy and water consumption, global warming potential, and employment are common indicators considered for both clusters, while energy density is used only for fast-response technologies, where it plays a key role in technology selection. Flywheel reveals the highest efficiency between all the fast-response technologies, while green ammonia powered with solar energy ranks first for long-term energy storage. An uncertainty analysis is incorporated to discuss the reliability of the results. Overall, results obtained, and guidelines provided can be helpful for both decision-making and research and development purposes. For the former, we identify the most appealing energy storage options to be promoted, while for the latter, we report quantitative improvement targets that would make inefficient technologies competitive if attained. This contribution paves the way for more comprehensive studies in the context of energy storage by presenting a powerful framework for comparing options according to multiple sustainability indicators.

Background: During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, different clinical phenotypes were published. However, none of them have been validated in subsequent waves, so their current validity is unknown. The aim of the study is to validate the unsupervised cluster model developed during the first pandemic wave in a cohort of critically ill patients from the second and third pandemic waves. Methods: Retrospective, multicentre, observational study of critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease and acute respiratory failure admitted from 74 Intensive Care Units (ICU) in Spain. To validate our original phenotypes model, we assigned a phenotype to each patient of the validation cohort using the same medoids, the same number of clusters (n= 3), the same number of variables (n= 25) and the same discretisation used in the development cohort. The performance of the classification was determined by Silhouette analysis and general linear modelling. The prognostic models were validated, and their performance was measured using accuracy test and area under curve (AUC)ROC. Results: The database included a total of 2,033 patients (mean age 63[53-92] years, 1643(70.5%) male, median APACHE II score (12[9-16]) and SOFA score (4[3-6]) points. The ICU mortality rate was 27.2%. Although the application of unsupervised cluster analysis classified patients in the validation population into 3 clinical phenotypes. Phenotype A (n=1,206 patients, 59.3%), phenotype B (n=618 patients, 30.4%) and phenotype C (n=506 patients, 24.3%), the characteristics of patients within each phenotype were significantly different from the original population. Furthermore, the silhouette coefficients were close to or below zero and the inclusion of phenotype classification in a regression model did not improve the model performance (accuracy =0.78, AUC=0.78) with respect to a standard model (accuracy = 0.79, AUC=0.79) or even worsened when the model was applied to patients within each phenotype (accuracy = 0.80, AUC 0.77 for Phenotype A, accuracy=0.73, AUC= 0.67 for phenotype B and accuracy= 0.66 , AUC= 0.76 for phenotype C ) Conclusion: Models developed using machine learning techniques during the first pandemic wave cannot be applied with adequate performance to patients admitted in subsequent waves without prior validation. Trial Registration: The study was retrospectively registered (NCT 04948242) on June 30, 2021

Graphical abstract Fx1, Objetivo: Evaluar si el uso de corticoesteroides (Cs) se asocia con la mortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) en la población global y dentro de los fenotipos clínicos predeterminados Diseño: Análisis secundario de estudio multicéntrico observacional Ámbito: UCI Pacientes: Pacientes adultos con COVID-19 confirmado ingresados en 63 UCIs de España Intervención: Corticoides vs. no Corticoides Variables de interés principales: A partir del análisis no supervisado de grupos, 3 fenotipos clínicos fueron derivados y clasificados como: A: grave, B: critico and C: potencialmente mortal. Se efectuó un análisis multivariado después de un propensity optimal full matching (PS) y una regresión ponderada de Cox (HR) y análisis de Fine-Gray (sHR) para evaluar el impacto del tratamiento con Cs sobre la mortalidad en la población general y en cada fenotipo clínico. Resultados: Un total de 2.017 pacientes fueron analizados, 1.171(58%) con Cs. Después del PS, el uso de Cs no se relacionó significativamente con la mortalidad en UCI (OR:1.0,95%CI:0.98-1.15). Cs fueron administrados en 298/537(55.5%) pacientes del fenotipo “A” y no se observó asociación significativa con la mortalidad (HR=0.85[0.55-1.33]). Un total de 338/623(54.2%) pacientes del fenotipo “B” recibieron Cs sin efecto significativo sobre la mortalidad (HR=0.72[0.49-1.05]). Finalmente, 535/857(62.4%) pacientes del fenotipo “C” recibieron Cs. En este fenotipo, se evidenció un efecto protector de los Cs sobre la mortalidad HR (0.75[0.58-0.98]). Conclusión: Nuestros hallazgos alertan sobre el uso indiscriminado de Cs a dosis moderadas en todos los pacientes críticos con COVID-19. Solamente pacientes con elevado estado de inflamación podrían beneficiarse con el tratamiento con Cs.

Introducción: La sociedad está envejeciendo, y se estima que este segmento seguirá aumentando en los próximos años. Objetivo: Examinar los efectos que producen 5 semanas de entrenamiento en el rendimiento funcional, fuerza de agarre, perímetro de cintura, masa grasa y percepción de dolor general. Método: 28 sujetos (edad ≥ 55 años), sedentarios, participaron en un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza y entrenamiento aeróbico, de 5 semanas, 5 sesiones semanales de 50-60 minutos de duración. Resultados: Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores previos y posteriores al programa. La magnitud de estas diferencias puede considerarse grande en el Timed Up and Go Test (-27.3%, p=0.000, d=3.01), 30-Second Chair Stand Test (+42%, p=0.000, d=1.77) y percepción de dolor día (-54.7%, p=0.000, d=1.27) y noche (-58.2%, p=0.000, d=1.02). Conclusión: Tras la aplicación del programa de entrenamiento concurrente descrito, todas las variables analizadas han evolucionado favorablemente. Dichas variables están directamente relacionadas con la composición corporal, calidad de vida, reducción del dolor, así como mejora de fuerza para las actividades cotidianas de las personas mayores. Abstract. Introduction: Society is aging, and it is estimated that this segment will continue to grow in the coming years. Objectives: To examine the effects of 5 weeks of training on functional performance, grip strength, waist circumference, fat mass and general pain perception.Methods: 28 subjects (age ≥ 55 years), sedentary, participated in a 5-week strength and aerobic training program, 5 weekly sessions of 50-60 minutes duration. Results: There are statistically significant differences between pre and post program values. The magnitude of these differences can be considered large in the Timed Up and Go Test (-27.3%, p=0.000, d=3.01), 30-Second Chair Stand Test (+42%, p=0.000, d=1.77) and pain perception day (-54.7%, p=0.000, d=1.27) and night (-58.2%, p=0.000, d=1.02).Conclusion: After the application of described concurrent training program, all analyzed variables have evolved favorably. Such variables are directly related to body composition, quality of life, pain reduction, as well as to improvement of strenght for the elderly’s daily activities.

Los ciberataques aumentan cada vez más, a partir de incremento del uso del internet como medio para realizar transacciones económicas, medio de comunicación y herramienta de almacenar información. Ante esto, las organizaciones de todos los sectores y sus liderazgos se encuentran en la necesidad de atender estos riesgos crecientes a partir de políticas en materia de ciberseguridad. La presente investigación corresponde a una revisión teórica documental y/o bibliográfica de carácter deductivo. Es objetivo de este trabajo es describir los desafíos en materia de ciberseguridad que afronta el liderazgo transformacional. Entre los hallazgos del trabajo, destacamos que los líderes deben involucrar a la mayor cantidad de miembros de la organización en los procesos de cambio, favoreciendo su capacitación en la materia, los cuáles son necesarios para garantizar la sostenibilidad y crecimiento de la organización. Las políticas en materia de ciberseguridad deben garantizar el desarrollo de la economía digital y el libre mercado. Se concluye que la ciberseguridad debe tratarse como un asunto integral y multidimensional.

Meeting our climate goals will require large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options to compensate for both ongoing emissions and residual emissions from hard-to-abate sectors. Acknowledging that different regions are unequally endowed with natural capacities to deliver CDR, ensuring an equitable distribution of burdens and efforts, and promoting collaborative actions emerge as critical issues to guarantee fair contributions and effective actions to meet the CDR goals. This chapter departs from country-by-country CDR quotas based on equity principles and investigates the broader implications of adopting two different political approaches – isolationist vs. cooperative – for meeting such quotas. Cooperation is the preferred approach as it allows the most economically appealing biogeophysical resources to be exploited. However, incentivising such cooperation between actors and regions showing different interests will require designing new policy instruments and incentives to engage with the large-scale deployment of CDR options. Major barriers need to be overcome for governing CDR at global scales, such as the difficulty of simultaneously considering all the facets of the CDR problem, the necessity to integrate removal actions in frameworks for conventional mitigation, the need to deal with the transboundary aspects of international policies and the present inability to elucidate a coherent roadmap for CDR options deployment resulting from the lack of harmony in scientific contributions.

Está investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los factores que influyen en la erosión del complejo Arqueológico de Vilcashuamán, por los siguientes factores: lluvias, el calor, algunas maniobras incorrectas, no respetar el aforo y el mal cuidado del complejo los cuales, ocasionan el desgaste de las piedras generando hongos en la planta superior, así mismo se planteó una solución para el drenaje del agua las cuales son causales de la erosión, así mismo ordenar las visitas realizadas para una buena satisfacción de los turistas y de la población misma generando un ingreso económico para su familia e involucrarse más en el sector turismo, el cuidado y el buen marketeo ayudara a una visita fluida y es lo que se quiere lograr, la investigación tuvo enfoque cualitativo, tipo descriptivo. Los resultados indicaron que existen 4 grupos de edades que visitan el Complejo Arqueológico de Vilcashuamán, siendo el 36.7% los visitantes más recurrentes. Finalmente, se concluye que los posibles factores de la erosión en el sitio estudiado podrían ser el tiempo climatológico, aforo máximo de visitantes y el tiempo que estos residen.

Background More than 20% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 demonstrate ARDS requiring ICU admission. The long-term respiratory sequelae in such patients remain unclear. Research Question What are the major long-term pulmonary sequelae in critical patients who survive COVID-19? Study Design and Methods Consecutive patients with COVID-19 requiring ICU admission were recruited and evaluated 3 months after hospitalization discharge. The follow-up comprised symptom and quality of life, anxiety and depression questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, exercise test (6-min walking test [6MWT]), and chest CT imaging. Results One hundred twenty-five patients admitted to the ICU with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 were recruited between March and June 2020. At the 3-month follow-up, 62 patients were available for pulmonary evaluation. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (46.7%) and cough (34.4%). Eighty-two percent of patients showed a lung diffusing capacity of less than 80%. The median distance in the 6MWT was 400 m (interquartile range, 362-440 m). CT scans showed abnormal results in 70.2% of patients, demonstrating reticular lesions in 49.1% and fibrotic patterns in 21.1%. Patients with more severe alterations on chest CT scan showed worse pulmonary function and presented more degrees of desaturation in the 6MWT. Factors associated with the severity of lung damage on chest CT scan were age and length of invasive mechanical ventilation during the ICU stay. Interpretation Three months after hospital discharge, pulmonary structural abnormalities and functional impairment are highly prevalent in patients with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 who required an ICU stay. Pulmonary evaluation should be considered for all critical COVID-19 survivors 3 months after discharge.

espanolUn destino turistico que quiera posicionarse estrategicamente en un sector tan competitivo como el turismo necesita crear un eslogan memorable. El proposito de este trabajo viene determinado por la necesidad de profundizar en el estudio especifico del eslogan turistico de los paises, considerado como elemento imprescindible para la creacion y la promocion de las marcas turisticas nacionales. Por ello, el articulo examina los esloganes turisticos de 158 paises mediante el analisis de contenido de seis variables y coteja los resultados con estudios precedentes. La investigacion confirma la tendencia por la brevedad comunicativa y la simplicidad estructural de estos esloganes. Asimismo, se analizan el uso preferente de los recursos retoricos en los esloganes turisticos, las palabras “comodin” mas habituales y la predileccion por esloganes carentes de verbos. EnglishA tourist destination needs an unforgettable slogan to successfully position itself in a sector as competitive as tourism. This paper analyses international tourism slogans and the essential part they play in the creation and promotion of tourism brands. We examine the tourism slogans from 158 countries using six content analysis variables to enable direct comparisons with existing studies. Our findings confirm the established premise that successful tourism slogans tend to be comprised of short words and structurally simple. We also analyse the use of rhetorical devices in tourism slogans, the more common keywords, and the trend for slogans without verbs.

El propósito del presente estudio estuvo centrado en develar las tendencias gerenciales en las organizaciones enfocándose en la gerencia, sus competencias y efectividad gerencial. La investigación corresponde a una revisión teórica documental y/o bibliográfica. Las revelaciones indicaron que la gerencia debe llevar a cabo un plan estratégico, mediante la organización y el nombramiento de personal, creando una estructura que impulse al personal a alcanzar los objetivos, resolviendo problemas, y confrontando los resultados persistentes en la empresa. Como reflexión final, se hace importante que todo el personal labore con eficiencia, y esto depende, en parte, de la capacidad de quienes ejercen funciones gerenciales, considerándose los avances científicos y tecnológicos sobre las nuevas tendencias de la gerencia; así como el desarrollo de los conocimientos, para que se realice una efectiva aplicación del hacer cotidiano y gestión de recursos requeridos, además, que se hace necesaria que dicha organización se esfuerce por dar respuestas a las exigencias de la globalización, a los cambios y la valoración del capital humano, como esencia de la misma, manteniendo a la vez, sus estándares de competencia y calidad.

Purpose: Although there is evidence supporting the benefits of corticosteroids in patients affected with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is little information related to their potential benefits or harm in some subgroups of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19. We aim to investigate to find candidate variables to guide personalized treatment with steroids in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: Multicentre, observational cohort study including consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to 55 Spanish ICUs. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Subsequent analyses in clinically relevant subgroups by age, ICU baseline illness severity, organ damage, laboratory findings and mechanical ventilation were performed. High doses of corticosteroids (≥ 12 mg/day equivalent dexamethasone dose), early administration of corticosteroid treatment (< 7 days since symptom onset) and long term of corticosteroids (≥ 10 days) were also investigated. Results: Between February 2020 and October 2021, 4226 patients were included. Of these, 3592 (85%) patients had received systemic corticosteroids during hospitalisation. In the propensity-adjusted multivariable analysis, the use of corticosteroids was protective for 90-day mortality in the overall population (HR 0.77 [0.65-0.92], p = 0.003) and in-hospital mortality (SHR 0.70 [0.58-0.84], p < 0.001). Significant effect modification was found after adjustment for covariates using propensity score for age (p = 0.001 interaction term), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (p = 0.014 interaction term), and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.001 interaction term). We observed a beneficial effect of corticosteroids on 90-day mortality in various patient subgroups, including those patients aged ≥ 60 years; those with higher baseline severity; and those receiving invasive mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. Early administration was associated with a higher risk of 90-day mortality in the overall population (HR 1.32 [1.14-1.53], p < 0.001). Long-term use was associated with a lower risk of 90-day mortality in the overall population (HR 0.71 [0.61-0.82], p < 0.001). No effect was found regarding the dosage of corticosteroids. Moreover, the use of corticosteroids was associated with an increased risk of nosocomial bacterial pneumonia and hyperglycaemia. Conclusion: Corticosteroid in ICU-admitted patients with COVID-19 may be administered based on age, severity, baseline inflammation, and invasive mechanical ventilation. Early administration since symptom onset may prove harmful. Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Madrid (ISCIII) (COV20/00110) Centro de Investigacion Biomedica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III European Commission Miguel Servet 2020: CP20/00041 Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI19/00207) 41.787 JCR (2022) Q1, 2/35 Critical Care Medicine 4.344 SJR (2022) Q1, 2/98 Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine No data IDR 2022 UEM

Instituto Carlos III de Madrid (ISCIII) (COV20/00110) Centro de Investigacion Biomedica En Red -Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III European Commission (CP20/00041) European Social Fund (ESF) 19.344 JCR (2021) Q1, 4/35 Critical Care Medicine 3.218 SJR (2021) Q1, 3/98 Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine No data IDR 2021 UEM

The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the Research Councils UK under grants EP/N024567/1 (CCS from Industrial clusters and their Supply chains), NE/P019900/1 (Comparative assessment and region-specific optimisation of GGR) and EP/T033940/1 (Multiphysics and multiscale modelling for safe and feasible CO2 capture and storage).

It has been suggested that high altitude can reduce the infectivity and case fatality rate of COVID-19. We investigated the relationship between altitude and the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia. Epidemiological data included the number of positive cases, deaths, and the case fatality rate of COVID-19. In particular, we analyzed data from 70 cities with altitudes between 1 and 3,180 m. Correlations and linear regression models adjusted to population density were performed to examine the relationship and contribution of altitude to epidemiological variables. The case fatality rate was negatively correlated with the altitude of the cities. The incidence of cases and deaths from COVID-19 had an apparent correlation with altitude; however, these variables were better explained by population density. In general, these findings suggest that living at high altitude can reduce the impact of COVID-19, especially the case fatality rate.

espanolEste trabajo se propone conocer a la comunidad rusa asentada en la Costa del Sol desde una perspectiva sociocomunicativa, dado su destacable aumento poblacional en Espana en los ultimos 15 anos, parejo a la aparicion casi simultanea de medios de comunicacion locales dirigidos a estos residentes en su idioma. Se pretende profundizar en el estudio de los habitos y preferencias mediaticas de este colectivo inmigrante, asi como sus impresiones sobre los medios en ruso y sus percepciones sobre la contribucion de estos ultimos al grado de integracion en la sociedad espanola. Para ello, se realizo tanto un registro detallado de la docena de medios para la poblacion rusa en la zona, como un estudio de recepcion basado en tecnicas cuantitativas (encuesta) como cualitativas (grupo de discusion). Los resultados de esta indagacion constatan que para el 89% de los encuestados dichos medios locales en ruso les aportan un mayor conocimiento del territorio de destino. Ademas, un 80% manifiesta que les ayuda a conocer mejor la sociedad espanola. EnglishThis paper examines the Russian community on the Costa del Sol from a socio-communicative perspective. It explores their significant population increase in Spain over the past 15 years and the almost simultaneous appearance of locally produced Russian language mass media targeted at them. The study looks into the habits and media preferences of these immigrants and investigates their views on these media and their contribution to the integration of this population into the Spanish society. For this purpose, a register of a dozen media in Russian language in this area was compiled and a study of media reception using quantitative (survey) and qualitative techniques (focus group) undertaken. The results show that, according to 89% of respondents, this local Russian language media provides them with better knowledge of Spain in general, and 80% believe that it helps them gain a greater understanding of Spanish society.

In our recently published work, we incorporated planetary boundaries in the optimization of the United States (US) power sector in 2030. Yang claims there is a double-counting error in our results and encourages us to minimize direct emissions instead of life cycle emissions in our model. Here, we argue that Yang's main criticism based on the risk of double-counting emissions when multiple sectors are simultaneously optimized does not apply to our case study, in which only one sector – the power sector – is analyzed. To assess the implications of Yang's suggestion to minimize direct emissions, we repeated the calculations optimizing direct emissions instead of life cycle emissions. We found that this approach is unable to discriminate effectively between electricity production technologies and, consequently, leads to a suboptimal mix with impacts on climate change, ocean acidification and freshwater use 102, 33 and 1.5 times the limits, respectively, whereas our original solution meets all planetary boundaries concurrently. Our findings imply that Yang's suggestion of optimizing direct emissions in energy systems models might not the best way forward in single-sector studies like ours. ISSN:1754-5692 ISSN:1754-5706

Como elementos clave de la sociedad contemporanea, las organizaciones, desde antes del siglo XX, han transitado por diferentes realidades, desarrollando y consolidando modelos de gestion acordes a las necesidades de los contextos actuales y necesarios para una gestion eficiente de los recursos disponibles. Bajo estos escenarios, se justifican modelos alternativos o emergentes, que surgen como visiones contrarias a los modelos tradicionales. Asi, el objetivo de esta investigacion, se centra en caracterizar los rasgos distintivos de un modelo de gestion emergente tomando como elementos centrales la toma de decisiones, la estructura organizativa y el control organizacional. Apoyados en la revision bibliografica documental y analisis critico de documentos, se precisan como hallazgos importantes, modelos alternativos que se han venido gestando en las economias locales de la region latinoamericana, llegando a concluir que, el asumir visiones contrarias a logicas tradicionales, trastoca elementos esenciales de la praxis administrativa. Nuevas formas de pensamientos al momento de tomar decisiones, y de organizacion recursos en las estructuras, asi como nuevos mecanismos de control, surgen y se van afinando con el transitar de los anos, de manera que llegue un dia donde visiones emergentes, logren sobrepasar las logicas tradicionales apegadas a modelos de gestion que en otrora respondieron a las exigencias de los contextos.

In this work we provide a perspective on Process Systems Engineering (PSE) in the context of sustainability, reviewing the main tools available and describing major applications in sustainability problems spanning multiple scales, from molecules, through chemical plants, and finally the enterprise and macroeconomic levels. After highlighting the potential role of PSE in meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goals, we discuss future research directions, focusing on major modelling and algorithmic challenges along with the trend to explore new application domains beyond chemical engineering while still revisiting problems within the core discipline.

Biomass resources offer a very promising alternative to fossil fuels for the sustainable production of electricity, fuels, and chemicals. Nevertheless, the problem of deciding on the best use of bi...

The newborn screening program in Ecuador has been operating since 2011 under the responsibility of the Ministry of Health. This program is centralized and diagnoses four diseases: congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, galactosemia, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. This study aimed to assess the geographical distribution of newborn screening cases in Ecuador. Spatial analysis techniques were applied using the records of the National Newborn Screening Program with a congenital disease confirmed from January 2012 to December 2019. Morbidity rates per 100,000 were calculated by newborn screening disease detected and the province of birth, posteriorly, the map of its distribution was graphed and assessed using the QGIS 3.12 software. In total, 393 cases born confirmed between 2012 and 2019 were registered. The distribution of every disease tends to be different in all provinces in Ecuador; the spatial variation was significant and relative rates showed a higher incidence in some eastern provinces. In conclusion, we found a different distribution and rates of newborn screening disorders in Ecuador. The high incidence of congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, galactosemia, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia in some areas should be investigated, due could be related to ethnic, genetic, and cultural aspects of the population.

Meeting the sustainable development goals and carbon neutrality targets requires transitioning to cleaner products, which poses significant challenges to the future chemical industry. Identifying alternative pathways to cover the growing demand for chemicals and fuels in a more sustainable manner calls for close collaborative programs between experimental and computational groups as well as new tools to support these joint endeavours. In this broad context, we here review the role of process systems engineering tools in assessing and optimising alternative chemical production patterns based on renewable resources, including renewable carbon and energy. The focus is on the use of process modelling and optimisation combined with life cycle assessment methodologies and network analysis to underpin experiments and generate insight into how the chemical industry could optimally deliver chemicals and fuels with a lower environmental footprint. We identify the main gaps in the literature and provide directions for future work, highlighting the role of PSE concepts and tools in guiding the future transition and complementing experimental studies more effectively., Reaction Chemistry & Engineering, 6 (7), ISSN:2058-9883