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Múltiplos fatores de risco, tais como infeção por VIH e a terapia imunossupressora, aumentam a probabilidade de reativação de tuberculose latente (TBL) e progressão para tuberculose ativa. O tratamento preventivo de 6 a 9 meses com isoniazida (INH) diminui o risco de reativação de TBL, mas a sua eficácia pode ser limitada pela longevidade do tratamento e efeitos adversos (EA), como a hepatotoxicidade. Devido a comorbilidades e polifarmácia, pessoas com VIH poderão ter um risco aumentado de EA associados à INH. No nosso estudo averiguámos a prevalência de EA em doentes sob tratamento com INH para TBL, identificámos fatores de risco para a sua ocorrência, e avaliámos se as pessoas com VIH têm maior probabilidade de desenvolver EA associados à INH. Realizámos um estudo unicêntrico retrospetivo de caso-controlo, com doentes de ambulatório diagnosticados com TBL que iniciaram um regime de 6 a 9 meses de INH, entre julho de 2019 e março de 2022. Os participantes que desenvolveram EA (casos) foram comparados com participantes que não os desenvolveram (controlos), e um subgrupo de doentes com VIH foi comparado com participantes VIH-negativos. Dados demográficos, variáveis socioeconómicas, utilização de drogas intravenosas (UDI), consumo excessivo de álcool, história de hepatite viral, comorbilidades, utilização de medicação hepatotóxica e os outcomes foram comparados entre os grupos em estudo. Os dados dos doentes foram obtidos através de registos médicos eletrónicos institucionais, e os outcomes foram medidos em consultas regulares programadas, através da recolha de história clínica, exame físico e estudos laboratoriais complementares. Todos os doentes elegíveis (n = 130) participaram no estudo, entre os quais 54 tinham infeção por VIH. O subgrupo com VIH era significativamente mais jovem (p = 0.01) e demonstrou prevalências significativamente superiores de doença hepática crónica, história de hepatite viral, consumo excessivo de álcool e UDI. Um terço dos participantes registaram EA (34.6%), sendo a hepatotoxicidade o mais comum, presente em 29 indivíduos (22.3%). Os participantes que desenvolveram EA eram significativamente mais velhos (p = 0.030) e apresentavam maior prevalência de insuficiência económica (p = 0.037), assim como pontuações superiores no Índice de Comorbilidades de Charlson (p = 0.002). A interrupção do tratamento com INH ocorreu em 17 participantes (13.1%) e foi principalmente associada ao desenvolvimento de toxicidade hepática (p < 0.01) e sintomas gastrointestinais (p = 0.022). No modelo de regressão logística, idade ≥ 65 anos, insuficiência económica e consumo excessivo de álcool estavam significativamente associados a chances superiores de desenvolver EA, enquanto os doentes com infeção por VIH tinham chances 68.4% mais baixas de ocorrência de EA (p = 0.033). No nosso estudo, os EA associados à INH foram comuns, sendo a hepatotoxicidade o mais frequente. Idade avançada, insuficiência económica e consumo excessivo de álcool aumentaram as chances de EA associados a INH, enquanto as pessoas com VIH apresentaram chances inferiores de desenvolver EA, mesmo ajustando para outras variáveis. Sugere-se realizar mais estudos para determinar se estes resultados são reprodutíveis numa população maior e em contextos diferentes. Multiple risk factors such as HIV infection and immunosuppressive therapy increase the probability of latent tuberculosis (LTB) reactivation and progression to active tuberculosis. A six-to-nine-month preventive treatment with isoniazid (INH) decreases the risk of LTB reactivation, but its effectiveness can be limited by its long duration and side effects, including liver toxicity. Due to comorbidities and polypharmacy, people living with HIV (PLHIV) may have higher risk of INH associated side effects. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of side effects among patients receiving INH treatment for LTB, to identify risk factors for their occurrence, and to evaluate whether PLHIV have higher odds of developing INH-associated side effects. We conducted a single-center retrospective case-control study including 130 outpatients with LTB who initiated a six-to-nine-month course of isoniazid between July 2019 and March 2022. Participants who developed side effects (cases) were compared to participants who did not (controls), and a subgroup of PLHIV was compared to HIV-negative participants. Demographics, socioeconomic variables, intravenous drug usage (IDU), excessive alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis history, comorbidities, hepatotoxic medication usage and outcomes were compared between study groups. Patient data was obtained from institutional electronic medical records, and outcomes were measured at regular scheduled appointments, via history taking, physical examination and complementary laboratory studies. All eligible patients (n = 130) participated in the study, out of which 54 were PLHIV. The PLHIV subgroup was significantly younger (p = 0.01) and demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of chronic liver disease, non-chronic viral hepatitis history, excessive alcohol consumption and IDU. One third of participants registered side effects (34.6%), with liver toxicity being the most common, present in 29 individuals (22.3%). Participants who developed side effects were significantly older (p = 0.030) and presented higher economic insufficiency (p = 0.037), as well as superior scores of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = 0.002). INH withdrawal occurred in 17 participants (13.1%) and was mainly associated with the development of liver toxicity (p < 0.01) and gastrointestinal symptoms (p = 0.022). In the adjusted effects model, an age ≥ 65 years, economic insufficiency, and excessive alcohol consumption were significantly associated with higher odds of developing the outcome, while HIV infection decreased the odds of INH side effects occurrence by 68.4% (p = 0.033). In our study, INH-associated side effects were common, with liver toxicity being the most frequent. Older age, economic insufficiency, and excessive alcohol consumption increased the odds of INH-associated side effects, while PLHIV had lower odds of developing INH-associated side effects, even when adjusted for other variables. Further studies should be conducted to assess if these results are replicable in a larger population and in different settings.

Nowadays, the climate is undoubtedly one of the main threats to the sustainability of olive orchards, especially in the case of rainfed traditional production systems. Local warming, droughts, and extreme weather events are some of the climatological factors responsible for environmental thresholds in relation to crops being exceeded. The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of microclimatic variability on the productivity of traditional olive orchards in a municipality located in northeastern Portugal. For this purpose, official data on climate, expressed through agro-bioclimatic indicators, and olive productivity for a 21-year historical period (2000–2020) were used to evaluate potential correlations. In addition, a comprehensive regression analysis involving the dataset and the following modeling scenarios was carried out to develop regression models and assess the resulting predictions: (a) Random Forest (RF) with selected features; (b) Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) with selected features; (c) OLS with correlation features; and (d) OLS with all features. For the a and b scenarios, features were selected applying the Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV) technique. The best statistical performance was achieved considering nonlinearity among variables (a scenario, R2 = 0.95); however, it was not possible to derive any model given the underlying methodology to this scenario. In linear regression applications, the best fit between model predictions and the real olive productivity was obtained when all the analyzed agro-bioclimatic indicators were included in the regression (d scenario, R2 = 0.85). When selecting only the most relevant indicators using RFECV and correlation techniques, moderate correlations for the b and c regression scenarios were obtained (R2 of 0.54 and 0.49, respectively). Based on the research findings, especially the regression models, their adaptability to other olive territories with similar agronomic and environmental characteristics is suggested for crop management and regulatory purposes.

Este trabalho multidisciplinar propõe novos olhares e reflexões sobre a multifacetada realidade educacional brasileira. Baseou-se numa metodologia que gera mais oportunidades para perguntas que respostas. Foi implementada uma análise exploratória de dados não supervisionada, em conjunto com inovações visuais e gráficas no contexto multidimensional. A base de dados consistiu no Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e no Censo Escolar, num escopo fechado no ensino fundamental de escolas públicas. Obteve-se uma pluralidade de padrões, tanto resultados conhecidos da literatura, como inéditos, oferecendo novas perspectivas de análise, em especial sobre as unidades da federação. A metodologia mostrou-se confiável e robusta, o que viabiliza ampliação do escopo em estudos futuros.

O presente texto discorre sobre a vinda de migrantes haitianos para o Brasil, sobre como a dinâmica espacial do local onde se fixaram aqui no Brasil se alterou e, consequentemente, sobre a maneira como o território é ocupado. No município de Andradas (MG), haitianos e haitianas vêm se concentrando e trazendo suas famílias desde o terremoto que devastou o Haiti em 2010. O embasamento teórico se deu pela leitura não só de autores que discutem o tema da migração haitiana, mas também autores que abordam a questão do uso do território. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa que resultou neste artigo se deu por meio de revisão da literatura, consulta aos sites do IBGE e da Prefeitura Municipal de Andradas, bem como conversa informal com haitianos que residem na cidade. Ao final, compreende-se que as práticas cotidianas desse grupo migratório modificam o território pelo seu uso, seja nos espaços laborais ou na participação de cultos em igrejas por eles criadas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Andradas; haitianos; território; qualidade de vida; moradia.

In Portugal, the olive orchard is the most representative agricultural crop and one of the most impactful on the national economy. Therefore, a production structure accompanying the technological advances in this field would be expected; however, such a structure has not yet been realized, especially within traditional systems. Thus, taking northeastern Portugal as a case study, where a great expression of traditional orchards is visible, the following aspects are addressed within this paper: the region’s biophysical framework, the olive orchard’s environmental and socio- economic importance and its current management practices and associated pressures. As a result of that assessment, which demonstrates a low level of sustainability for traditional olive orchards, mainly in terms of economic viability, the most effective and simple solution is to act appropriately on factors that interfere with the crop yield, namely, irrigation and fertilization issues. With that purpose, a multiscale precision oliviculture system is also presented that is being developed in order to support decision making in traditional olive orchard management, aiming to obtain economically efficient productions based on eco-friendly cultural practices. Throughout the entire process, it is essential to ensure stakeholder engagement, in particular, olive growers, so that they recognize the effectiveness of potential measures that may avoid the reconversion/abandonment of the traditional olive production system. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This paper aims to assess the air quality improvement and resulting health implications in a Portuguese urban area, by testing traffic management scenarios focused on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emission reduction. To that end, an integrated multiscale modelling system was developed and applied for a typical traffic-activity day using dynamical downscaling to the street level. At this finer scale, the tested scenarios contributed to a reduction of the daily maximum NO2 concentration and health benefits, though the LEZ effect is more felt within its influence area.