Search

O marketing antecipativo analisa o mercado através de estudos de cenário, projetando futuros quadros de consumo e reconhecendo necessidades latentes ou emergentes. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar a importância que o Marketing Verde tem como variável competitiva no mercado atual, satisfazendo as expectativas dos novos consumidores ambientalmente responsáveis. Conclui-se com esta pesquisa que o marketing verde é ferramenta extremamente importante para as empresas, pois ela direciona as estratégias, de acordo com as condições do meio ambiente e das necessidades dos seus clientes, tornando-se um essencial fator competitivo no mercado atual.

Objective To identify factors associated with poor anticoagulation control with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) among outpatients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) attended in Neurology and Internal Medicine in Spain. Methods Cross-sectional and multicenter study, from the ALADIN database, of outpatients with NVAF treated with VKA and attended in Internal Medicine and Neurology in Spain. Rates of anticoagulation control were determined with the direct and Rosendaal methods, considering data from the 6 months before the inclusion. Results Out of 1337 patients included in the ALADIN study, 750 were taking VKA, and complete information about INR values in the last 6 months was available in 383 patients. Mean scores of Charlson Index, CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED were 1.94 ± 1.54; 3.10 ± 1.26; 4.63 ± 1.54, and 2.20 ± 0.90, respectively. 46.2% and 47.0% of patients had an adequate anticoagulation control according to the direct and Rosendaal methods, respectively. Inadequate anticoagulation control according to the direct method was associated with diabetes (OR: 2.511; 95% CI: 1.144–5.659), prior labile INR (OR: 35.371; 95% CI: 15.058–83.083) and the determination of >6 INR controls in the last 6 months (OR: 4.747; 95% CI: 2.094–10.759), and according to the Rosendaal method, with prior labile INR (p Conclusions Despite the high thromboembolic risk, only a little more than a half of patients were well controlled. Factors associated with poor anticoagulation control were diabetes, labile INR, >6 INR controls and HAS-BLED.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar los factores asociados con el mal control de la anticoagulacion con antagonistas de la vitamina K (AVK) en pacientes con fibrilacion auricular no valvular (FANV) atendidos en consultas de Neurologia y Medicina Interna de Espana. Metodos Estudio transversal, multicentrico, anidado en el estudio ALADIN, de sujetos con FANV, tratados con AVK, atendidos en consultas de Medicina Interna o Neurologia de Espana. El grado de control de la anticoagulacion se estudio mediante el metodo directo y el de Rosendaal, considerando los 6 meses previos a la inclusion. Resultados De los 1.337 pacientes incluidos en ALADIN, 750 estaban tratados con AVK, con informacion completa sobre el INR de los ultimos 6 meses en 383 pacientes. Las puntuaciones medias del indice de Charlson, CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc y HAS-BLED fueron 1,94 ± 1,54; 3,10 ± 1,26; 4,63 ± 1,54 y 2,20 ± 0,90, respectivamente. El 46,2% y el 47,0% de los pacientes presentaban un control adecuado de la anticoagulacion por los metodos directo y Rosendaal, respectivamente. El control inadecuado de la anticoagulacion se asocio por el metodo directo con diabetes (OR: 2,511; IC 95%: 1,144-5,659), antecedentes de INR inestable (OR: 35,371; IC 95%: 15,058-83,083) y la realizacion de > 6 controles en los ultimos 6 meses (OR: 4,747; IC 95%: 2,094-10,759), y por el metodo de Rosendaal, con los antecedentes de INR inestable (p Conclusiones Pese al alto riesgo tromboembolico, solo estaban bien controlados algo mas de la mitad. Los factores asociados al mal control de la anticoagulacion fueron la diabetes, INR inestable, > 6 controles de INR y el HAS-BLED.

Background: Cadmium (Cd), which is a deadly heavy metal of work-related and environmental concern, has been recognized as a substance that is teratogenic and carcinogenic for humans. Therefore, the need to develop low-cost adsorbents to remove heavy metals from aqueous solution has greatly increased. Adsorbents such as Pantoea agglomerans biomass have been used. Aims: We investigated the biotechnological potential of Pantoea agglomerans for the biosorption of cadmium from aqueous solution. Patients and Methods: Pantoea agglomerans UCP1320 isolated from the effluent of a laundry industry was used to remove cadmium from aqueous solutions. Two approaches were compared using active or thermally inactivated biomass. Three different cadmium concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ppm were used under constant stirring at temperatures of 25°C and 35°C as was pH of 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0. Variable incubation times of 1, 6, and 24h were also studied. Results: The results showed that the temperature did not influence the uptake of metal by living cells nor by inactive bacterial biomass. However, increasing the pH had a positive effect on removing intermediate concentrations of cadmium. Low concentrations of cadmium were completely removed by both live and inactive biomass. Conclusion: Pantoea agglomerans biomass was shown to have a promising performance for the biotechnological removal of cadmium which had been dissolved in aqueous solution.

The current work aimed to use agro-industrial wastes as a strategy to obtain biosurfactant from a new Candida tropicalis UCP 1613 isolated from mangrove sediments of Rio Formoso, Pernambuco State, Brazil. The yeast was identified based on 18S rRNA sequencing method and blast homology search. The promising strain showed the ability to use an optimal composition of a cheap medium containing whey (3%), cassava wastewater (7%) and soybean post frying oil (10%) during 96h which reduced significantly the surface tension from 70 to 28.8 mN/m. The yield of the biosurfactant obtained was 4.9 g/L and the minimum value of critical micelle concentration was 1.5%. In addition, this was isolated and characterized as an anionic polymeric molecule, composed of proteins (51%), lipids (37%) and carbohydrates (11%), and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Also, biosurfactant was capable in forming stable emulsions at different ranges of temperature, pH and salinity. Alternatively, the biosurfactant displayed no toxicity against the different vegetable evaluated seeds Brassica oleracea, Lactuca sativa L. and Solanum lycopersicum. The antimicrobial activity of this biosurfactant was verified showing the main efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria besides inhibiting the antifungal activity against the yeast tested. The results obtained suggest its potential application to pharmaceutical, as well as environmental area. Key words: Candida tropicalis, mangrove sediment, oil dispersion, biosurfactant.

Tendo presente o contexto actual onde emergem novas desigualdades e novas injustiças pretende-se articular o processo de globalização com a construção do cosmopolitismo e da justiça social, distinguindo nesta discussão diversas modalidades de cosmopolitismo, nomeadamente a neoliberal e a democrática. Na linha desta última, o autor aprofunda a noção de cosmopoliticidade a partir dos contributos de Archibugi e de Freire para vincar não apenas a ideia de universalidade, mas também a de dialogicidade global e de politicidade. A partir deste enquadramento analítico, o autor desenvolve as implicações da cosmopoliticidade democrática na educação em geral e na gestão das organizações educativas em particular, no sentido de esta contribuir também para o reforço da justiça global e para o “cultivo da humanidade”.

This research aims to study the production of chitosan from shrimp shell (Litopenaeus vannamei) of waste origin using two chemical methodologies involving demineralization, deproteinization, and the degree of deacetylation. The evaluation of the quality of chitosan from waste shrimp shells includes parameters for the yield, physical chemistry characteristics by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the degree of deacetylation, and antibacterial activity. The results showed (by Method 1) extraction yields for chitin of 33% and for chitosan of 49% and a 76% degree of deacetylation. Chitosan obtained by Method 2 was more efficient: chitin (36%) and chitosan (63%), with a high degree of deacetylation (81.7%). The antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaandEnterobacter cloacae) and Gram-positiveBacillus subtilisand the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined. Method 2 showed that extracted chitosan has good antimicrobial potential against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and that the process is viable.

RESUMO Neste artigo, o autor começa por caracterizar os tempos actuais como tempos de desassossego e de uma certa normalização da anormalidade, detendo-se particularmente nos impactos deste contexto algo turbulento e complexo no modo como os direitos são concebidos e manipulados e no modo como a educação passou a ser compreendida. O autor ressalta, então, como os direitos humanos tendem a ser encarados como ferramentas multiusos, ao serviço de novo realismo político e económico, aparentemente mais apaziguador, enquanto a educação está a transfigurar-se, apresentando, neste momento, várias faces, com destaque para a fórmula que o texto caracteriza como mcEducação e que pressupõe, naturalmente, um modo específico não só de entender o serviço da “educação às direitas” mas também de “endireitar” os direitos humanos, mais adaptados, por conseguinte, à performatividade competitiva. ABSTRACT The author defines contemporary times as restlessness times, when a certain normalization of abnormality occurs; affecting this somewhat turbulent and complex context on how the rights are conceived and manipulated, as well as how education became understood. Then, human rights tend to be conceived as multi-use tools to serve the new political and economic realism, apparently as peacemaker, whereas education has been changed to have several faces, particularly mcEducation. Of course, this assumes a specific perspective to understand educational services from the right wing perception at the same time that human rights are adapted to the competitive performativity., Sisyphus - Journal of Education, Vol 6, Issue 1 (2018): O Direito à Educação [The Right to Education]

The biosorption of three reactive azo dyes (red, black and orange II) found in textile effluents by inactive mycelium of Cunninghamella elegans has been investigated. It was found that after 120 hours of contact the adsorption led to 70%, 85%, 93% and 88% removal of reactive orange II, reactive black, reactive red and a mixture of them, respectively. The mycelium surface was found to be selective towards the azo dyes in the following order: reactive red > reactive black > orange II. Dye removal from a mixture solution resulted in 48.4 mg/g retention by mycelium and indicated a competition amongst the dyes for the cellular surface. A Freundlich adsorption isotherm model exhibited a better fit, thus suggesting the presence of heterogeneous binding sites. Electrondense deposits observed on the mycelium ultrastructure suggest that the dyes are mainly retained under the cellular surface of the inactive biomass of C. elegans.

After characterizing the current times as abnormal times, with the creation, by the ideology of the market, of new fantasies that promise heaven on earth interms of well-being, personal fulfillment and justice, the author makes an incursion in the land of human rights, justice, education and school, in order tounveil new interpretations, new myths, new abnormalities that are emerging within it, congruent with the market, understood as metonymy of global capitalism. In this view, rights are seen from a "multiuse" perspective, which makes them "malleable" at will and at the demands of the dominant rationality of the economy; likewise, justice tends to be construed from an individualistic and efficiency perspective, that is, as a factor that effectively contributes to the balance of trade and for maintaining the evenness of the social balance.Finally, education should constitute a sub-sector of the economy, with a functionalist format at the service of social and economic needs that come from the mercantile world., Après avoir caractérisé les temps actuels comme anormaux, avec la création,à travers de lidéologie mercantile, de nouvelles fantaisies qui promettent le ciel sur terre du point de vue du bien-être, de la réalisation personnelle et de la justice, l'auteur fait le tour sur les droits de l'homme, la justice, l'éducation et l'école à fin de mettre à jour de nouvelles interprétations, de nouveaux mythes,de nouvelles anormalités qui y surgissent, compatibles avec le métabolisme du marché, compris comme une métonymie du capitalisme global. Selon cepoint de vue, les droits sont considérés dans une perspective de"multifonction", qui les rend réorganisables au beau plaisir des exigences et des pensées dominantes de l'économie; de la même façon, la justice atendance à être interprétée sous une philosophie individualiste et d'efficacité, c'est à dire, comme un facteur qui contribue efficacement à l'équilibre des échanges commerciaux et à la manutention de l'équilibre de la balance sociale; finalement, l'éducation doit s'assumer comme un sous-secteur del'économie, avec une formatation fonctionnelle au service des besoins sociaux et économiques originaires du monde mercantile., Depois de caraterizar os tempos atuais como tempos anormais, com a criação, pela ideologia mercantil, de novas fantasias, que prometem o céu na terra em termos de bem-estar, realização pessoal e de justiça, o autor percorre o terreno dos direitos humanos, da justiça, da educação e da escola,no sentido de desocultar novas interpretações, novos mitos, novas anormalidades que estão emergindo no seu interior, congruentes com o metabolismo do mercado, entendido este como metonímia do capitalismo global. Dentro desta visão, os direitos são encarados numa perspetiva de"multiuso", que os torna reorganizáveis a bel-prazer das exigências e das racionalidades dominantes da economia; do mesmo modo, a justiça tende a ser interpretada numa linha individualista e eficientista, ou seja, como um fator que contribui eficientemente para o equilíbrio das trocas comerciais e para a manutenção do equilíbrio da balança social. Por fim, a educação deve constituir-se num subsetor da economia, com uma formatação funcionalista ao serviço das necessidades sociais e económicas originárias do mundo mercantil.

Of six patients registered in our center with nonparaneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels, the five men had rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) coincident with voltage-gated potassium channel antibody-associated limbic encephalitis onset. In three patients, immunosuppression resulted in resolution of RBD in parallel with remission of the limbic syndrome. RBD persisted in two patients with partial resolution of the limbic syndrome. Our findings suggest that RBD is frequent in the setting of voltage-gated potassium channel antibody-associated limbic encephalitis and can be related to autoimmune-mediated mechanisms. In addition, these observations suggest that impairment of the limbic system may play a role in the pathogenesis of RBD.

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica Industrial e Computadores, Os dispositivos MEMS têm apresentado ao longo dos anos um elevado crescimento, contudo as estruturas RF MEMS apresentam um problema, a sua fiabilidade. Esta deve-se ao facto de o tempo de vida das estruturas estar limitado, entre outros, aos efeitos de carga. Este efeito deve-se à contínua aplicação de um determinado valor de tensão sobre o atuador que, por sua vez, vai levar à injeção de carga no dielétrico do atuador, devido aos elevados campos elétricos gerados sobre o mesmo. Ao fim de algum tempo, esta acumulação de cargas vai começar a ser significativa, chegando a influenciar o comportamento do atuador, bem como o seu tempo de vida. Este efeito, devido à sua importância nos MEMS, tem vindo a ser foco de imensos estudos [1]– [7]. Desde o impacto que o valor da tensão de atuação tem sobre o tempo de vida dos atuadores [1], a sua caracterização e modelização [4] até novas abordagens, recorrendo a atuações bipolares [7], para tentar eliminar este efeito. Por outro lado, tem também sido explorado o impacto que fatores como a temperatura, o packaging ou mesmo a humidade provocam na carga acumulada no dielétrico. Contudo, os efeitos de carga em estruturas MEMS de placas paralelas continuam ainda por explorar, tendo apenas em [3] sido medida experimentalmente a variação no valor da tensão de pull-in que a acumulação de cargas no dielétrico provoca. No entanto, são ainda inexistentes os modelos que permitam relacionar os valores de densidade de carga com os valores de tensão aplicados, ou com a variação da tensão de pull-in. Além disto, é também ainda desconhecido o impacto que os tempos de atuação on/off apresentam no processo de carga do dielétrico. Assim, nesta dissertação foi efetuado um estudo em estruturas MEMS de placas paralelas visando a modelização das mesmas, onde um dos elétrodos do atuador é móvel e o outro se encontra fixo. Estes atuadores, devido ao seu processo de fabrico DRIE, possuem em cada um dos seus elétrodos uma fina camada de Teflon. Os modelos matemáticos considerados de base eram provenientes do estudo realizado em [4]. Contudo, para o estudo levado a cabo nesta dissertação, foi usado um tipo diferente de estrutura, apresentando uma tensão de atuação, enquanto a on, em rampa até ser atingida a tensão de pull-in, ao contrário do modelo apresentado por [4], onde as atuações são feitas com apenas um degrau de tensão. É também elaborado o estudo com o objetivo de observar o impacto que os diferentes tempos de atuação têm no processo de carga do dielétrico. Para os atuadores de placas paralelas foi observada uma relação linear entre a carga injetada no dielétrico e o valor da tensão de atuação. Foi também observado que a densidade de carga injetada no dielétrico é dada diretamente pela razão da área do dielétrico. Quanto aos tempos de atuação, foi observado que, com o aumento do tempo a off, o dielétrico demorava mais até carregar completamente, podendo mesmo chegar a nunca carregar na sua totalidade, dependendo do tempo a off., MEMS devices during the past the years have experienced an high growth, however RF MEMS devices are hindered by their reliability problems. This is due to the lifetime of the devices being limited by, among others, charge effects. This effect is due to continuous applying a voltage on the actuator, which in turn, will lead to injecting charge in to the dielectric of the actuator, due to the high electric fields. After a while, the charge being built up will start to be meaningful, therefore changing the behaviour of the actuator as well as its lifetime. This effect, due to his importance in MEMS, is being the main focus from several studies [1]– [7]. From the impact of the actuation voltage on the actuators lifetime [1], its characterization and modeling [4] to new methods to mitigate this problem through bipolar actuation [7]. On the other hand, it has also been explored the impact that factors such as temperature, packaging or even the humidity cause on the charge built up into the dielectric. However, charge effects in MEMS devices with parallel plates are yet to explore, having only been measured in [3] the voltage shift due to the built up of charges in the dielectric. However, the models that allow to relate the charge densities values with the voltage actuation or with the pull-in voltage shift are still inexistent. Furthermore, it is still unknown the impact of the actuation times on the dielectric charging. Therefore, in this dissertation it has been made a study in a MEMS device of parallel plates, aiming their modeling, where one of the electrodes of the actuator is movable and the other one is fixed. These actuators, due to the its fabrication process DRIE, have in each of the electrodes a thin layer of Teflon. The mathematical models initially considered were from the study made in [4]. However, for the study accomplished in this dissertation it has been used a different kind of structure, where its actuation voltage, whilst on, is made by using voltage steps until the pull-in voltage is reached, in opposition to the modeling presented by [4], where the actuations are made with a single voltage step. It is also made a study in order to observe the role of different actuation times on the dielectric charging process. For the actuators of parallel plates it has been noticed a linear relationship between the injected charge into the dielectric and the actuation voltage. It has also been observed that the charge density injected in the dielectric is directly given by the dielectric area. About the actuation times, it has been observed that with the increase of the off time, the dielectric will take more time to be fully charged, and it may even never charge entirely, depending on its off time.

Endovenous thrombolysis is the preferred treatment in the early hours following cerebral infarction and delays are the main obstacle preventing it from being used on a more widespread basis. The stroke code (SC) is a system that allows stroke patients to be identified quickly and taken to the most suitable hospital for such treatment to be implemented. AIM. To determine the impact of extending the intra-hospital SC (ISC) to a provincial SC (PSC).The system consists in a prospective register of cases of SC treated in a provincial stroke centre. Data on the cases of cerebral infarction admitted consecutively the year prior to and after beginning the PSC (1st November 2008) were collected.In one year 318 SC were handled: 61.2% were extra-hospital SC (ESC). A total of 45 patients were thrombolysed: 14.2% of the activations and 25.7% of cerebral infarctions with the code activated. The gross annual rate of thrombolysis was 7.7/100,000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 5.7-10.4). Primary medicine activated 34% of the codes. There are no significant differences between ESC and ISC as regards the percentage of correct activations and thrombolysis. The door-to-needle delay is shorter in ESC (59.7 ± 24 versus 74.4 ± 20 minutes; p = 0.012). The time slot from 22 pm to 8 am covers 23.6% of the SC and 22.2% of cases of thrombolysed patients. From the first to the second period, SC activation rises from 11.1% to 37.9% of cerebral infarctions and thrombolysis increases from 3.8 to 12.7% (p0.0001; odds ratio = 4.1; 95% CI = 1.9-8.6).The PSC allowed thrombolysis of cerebral infarction to be carried out in four times as many cases, as well as improving the health care chain and extending it throughout the whole province.

Objectives To find out about stroke patients: who decides to seek medical help, where they go, how long it takes to contact the health system and to arrive at the ED. Methods Prospective study of patients admitted in our hospital for transient or established stroke. Results Among 388 stroke patients (mean NIHSS of 7.8 (±7.4), there were 37 intracerebral hemorrhage, 70 TIA, and 281 cerebral infarction. 39.2% arrived at the ED in less than 3 h. The decision to seek medical help was taken by patients in 20.4% of the episodes. First contact was with primary care in 48.3% of the cases and with Emergency Medical Services in 18.2%. The median time of decision was 60 min [P25:15; P75:323]. Considering the event as serious, recognizing the stroke, not going to a primary care physician, having a TIA and onset away from home significantly decreased delay. Age, sex and previous stroke were not associated with less delay in decision nor with an earlier arrival to the ED. Conclusions In order to improve stroke treatment it is necessary to harness the use of the 112 emergency line and include primary care in the stroke assistance chain.

Before thrombolytic treatment for acute ischemic stroke is undertaken, conditions associated with increased risk of hemorrhagic complications, such as an acute aortic dissection (AAD), should be excluded. We report an 80-year-old woman with acute ischemic stroke as the sole clinical manifestation of AAD who was treated with intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). She had no history of hypertension or any signs or symptoms suggestive of AAD. After IV tPA infusion was started, carotid color-coded duplex sonography demonstrated proximal left common carotid artery dissection suggestive of AAD. Infusion of tPA was stopped, and subsequent computed tomography angiography confirmed Stanford type A aortic dissection. In this case, prompt neurosonologic evaluation helped us make an appropriate diagnosis and avoid complications related to treatment. Neurosonologic evaluation should be considered as soon as possible in all patients with acute ischemic stroke, especially when thrombolytic treatment is being considered.

Após uma caracterização sucinta da actual condição pós-moderna, serão desenvolvidas algumas questões que, pela sua relevância actual no campo da educação, merecem ser revisitadas de modo crítico, nomeadamente, e num primeiro momento, a escola, o conflito e a convivência. Num segundo momento, apontar-se-ão algumas características da escola que fazem dela uma organização com alguma perversidade, hipocrisia e irracionalidade. O último aspecto a ser tratado irá compreender a escola como organização comunicacional ou organização convivencial, onde os conceitos de disciplina, violência, conflito e convivência assumem um sentido mais profundamente democrático. After a succinct characterization of the current postmodern condition, some questions might be developed, because of its current relevance in the education field, they must to be reviewed in a critical way, namely, and firstly, the school, the conflict and the conviviality. Secondly, this article underlines some school's characteristics that turns it into an organization with a little perversity, hypocrisy and irrationality. The last aspect to be treated is the understanding of the school as a communicative or convivial organization, in which the concepts of discipline, violence, conflict and conviviality assume a more democratic orientation. Enseguida a una caracterización sucinta de la actual condición pos-moderna, serán desarrolladas algunas cuestiones que, por su relevancia actual en el campo de la educación, merecen ser visitadas de modo crítico, nombradamente, y en primero momento, la escuela, el conflicto y la convivencia. En segundo momento, se apuntarán algunas características de la escuela que la hacen una organización con alguna perversidad, hipocresía e irracionalidad. El último aspecto a ser tratado irá comprender la escuela como organización de comunicación u organización de convivencia, donde los conceptos de disciplina, violencia, conflicto e convivencia asumen un sentido más profundamente democrático.