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This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of an authorized commercial standardized mixture of Artepillin-C, methyl-salicylates, flavonoids and curcuminoids (PHYTO AX'CELL™) provided intermittently during 8 weeks (wk) of trial to laying hens raised in enriched cages during the peak of the production, in the reduction of inflammation status, improving the immune response, and egg quality. In this study, 764 Lohmann LSL-White hens on the first day (d) of the 26 th wk of age (T0), were randomly assigned to 2 replicated experimental groups, control and treated (n=382 each). The treatment was supplied in drinking water, as follows: 26 th to 27 th wk (T1, 14 d) first treatment administration at a dose of 1 mL/L (0.5 mL/L only the first d of the treatment); 28 th to the 31 st wk (T2, 4 wk of withdrawal period); 32 nd to 33 rd wk (T3, 14 d) second treatment at a dose of 1 mL/L, until the end of the trial (T4). At T0, mid-T3 and T4, 13 hens per group were sampled for serum biochemical analyses (metabolic profile, H/L ratio) and weighed, and 60 eggs per group were analyzed for quality parameters. At T4, 13 hens per group were sacrificed for histological investigations and gut IgA quantification. The treatment reduced the mortality rate in the treated group (0.00%) compared to the control (2.61%). An improvement in intestinal IgA production and immune reactivity in the treated hens was observed with a significant fluctuating trend of the heterophil, lymphocyte and their ratio (P < 0.05). The egg quality was improved by the treatment, with positive effects in the Haugh unit, shell weight and thickness (P < 0.05). A T4, significant reduction in duodenal and rectal pH was observed in the treated group (P < 0.05), without intestinal inflammation score changes, body weight, serum biochemistry, interleukin levels, and infectious bronchitis virus titers (P > 0.05). From the results, PHYTO AX'CELL™ improved the well-being and physical condition of laying hens raised in cages, modulating the immune system with a positive production of intestinal IgA, and egg quality parameters important for commercial purposes., Competing Interests: Declarations of interest None., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Cytochemical reactions were examined in lymph node imprints from a group of 53 previously untreated patients with histologically proven Hodgkin's disease. In 40 of 51 cases investigated, Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells, irrespective of the cytologic appearances and the histologic types, showed moderate to strong reactions with acid phosphatase (ACP). In 12 cases ACP activity was present in more than 25% of the R-S cells. The reaction consisted of formation of small- to medium-sized granules, which were located close to the nuclei on a diffusely positive background or irregularly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. In three cases, a coarse granular reaction product with periodic acid-Schiff was present. R-S cells were positive to the naphthol-AS acetate esterase and beta-glucuronidase reactions in four and two cases, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase and naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase reactions were completely negative. Our results have revealed a pattern of staining in the diagnostic R-S cells similar to that in its morphologic variants; this supports the view that these cells may derive from a common primitive cell. Moreover, the quality and quantity of the ACP reaction product shows that R-S cells differ from both neoplastic histiocytes of malignant histiocytosis and neoplastic lymphocytes of T-cell lymphomas. This study confirms that R-S cells lack definite cytochemical characteristics of each of supposed progenitor cells: histiocytes and T-lymphocytes.

Comparison between membrane markers and enzyme markers was made in 74 cases of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas and a good correlation appears between both methods in order to distinct lymphomas into T and B origin. Enzyme markers are reliable and provide quickly made and easily interpretable documents. As far as T-lymphomas are concerned, three hydrolases namely acid phosphates e, acid esterase and B-glucuronidase give the same good results. As for B-lymphomas, a specific enzyme marker has to be found. Furthermore, typing of malignant lymphomas by enzymatic and/or immunologic methods appears to be quite better than from morphologic features such as convoluted or cleaved nuclei for example.

Histopathologic study of 20 cases of synovial sarcoma (S.S.) in children has been conducted to evaluate the usefulness of immunohistochemistry in the diagnostic assessment of this tumor. Two of the 6 antibodies studied have been found to be the most informative: staining for keratin and vimentin proteins has been observed in most cases, outlining the epithelial and sarcomatous components of this tumor. The results are in accordance with those already described for S.S. in adults. The presence of cytokeratins in S.S. is discordant with classical histogenetic conceptions.

Eleven cases of epithelial tumours of the thymus or thymoma and two thymuses without tumour were studied, using immunohistochemistry with anti-keratin antibodies (KL-1) which recognise cyto-keratin with a high molecular weight. In the normal thymus, KL-1 positivity seems to be limited to medullary epithelial elements and in particular Hassal's corpuscles. All the epithelial thymic tumours studied showed a net positivity for KL-1 overall in the tumour cells. This result and the demonstration of more or less well differentiated Hassal's corpuscles in these tumours make one think that these epithelial thymic tumours express some characters in relation with a differentiation of medullary type.

The immunoperoxidase localization of epithelial antigen (keratin, epithelial membrane antigen) was identified in 18 cases of sarcomatoid carcinomas localized in the upper aero-digestive tract. These tumors are an association of a differentiated squamous cell carcinomatous component and of spindle, or pleomorphic cells component. The anti-keratin monoclonal antibody KL1 stained the sarcomatoid component in 4 cases. A continuous staining between differentiated squamous cells and spindle cells in observed in two cases. The identification of cytokeratin is better with KL1 than with the polyclonal anti-keratin antiserum KT. The monoclonal antibody HMFG2 is not retained. These results suggest the dedifferentiation of epithelial cells in sarcomatoid component. They confirm the heterogeneity of these tumors, which has been previously found in ultrastructural studies. These immunostaining are helpful in recognizing sarcomatoid carcinoma, when they are only represented by the sarcomatoid component.

Eighteen cases of malignant lymphoblastic lymphomas in children were studied by immunoperoxidase technique on frozen tissue sections and/or cytological samples. Different monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies were used: OKT8, OKT11, OKB2, OKIal, anti immunoglobulins (mu, kappa, lambda chains). The results were compared with those of classical histology: three histologically unclassified malignant lymphoblastic lymphomas were linked to a Bor T line (one pre-B lymphoma and two T lymphomas). One diagnosis of T lymphoma could not be confirmed by immunoperoxidase technique. The technique did not reveal any surface immunoglobulins in two cases of malignant lymphomas of Burkitt type. Every one of the remaining 12 cases gave concordant results between morphological and immunological studies. In 12 cases it was possible to compare the results of immunological typing on tissue sections and cell suspension. The results were concordant in 11/12 cases. An advantage of this immunochemical technique on frozen sections and/or cytological samples is that it gives good visualisation of the cells and their reactivity with the antibodies.