Search

The article analyzes the accounting treatment of different types of shares based on their classification as negotiable securities issued. It is mentioned that not all shares can be considered as equity, as some securities meet the definition of liabilities. It explains how the share considered as equity is reflected in the capital account and provides examples of practical cases. It also mentions the possibility of issuing redeemable shares as equity. The article deals with the accounting classification of shares considered as financial liabilities. It is mentioned that there are different types of shares, some redeemable, preferred, and non-voting, which from an accounting point of view are considered as liabilities instead of equity. It is established that the key characteristic to differentiate a financial liability from an equity instrument is the existence of a contractual obligation for the issuer. The corresponding accounting accounts for shares considered as financial liabilities are mentioned, and an example of accounting entries related to the issuance of shares is provided. The text presents accounting information about the operations of the company "BRIHUEGA, SA". The assets and liabilities of the company are mentioned, as well as the repurchase of shares and the creation of an unavailable reserve. The issuance of a convertible bond loan by the company "LLANES, S.A." is also mentioned, and an example is given regarding preferred shares as a compound financial instrument in the company "SANROQUE, S.A.". The company "LATOJA, S.A." wishes to increase its capital by issuing non-voting shares with the same nominal value as the existing ones. The minimum dividend agreed in exchange for the voting right is 5%, but it will only last for 5 years, after which these non-voting shares will convert into ordinary shares. The company can finance itself at an interest rate of 6%. It is requested to determine which part of the shares is considered equity and which part as a liability, make the accounting entry, and explain what happens if the minimum dividend exceeds the financial expense. The text presents information on the calculation of total capital and the minimum dividend of a company. It also mentions how the figure of accounting share capital is adjusted when the mandatory dividend exceeds the financial expense. In addition, an example of the issuance of redeemable shares by the company "MONTALVO, SA" is shown, where the maximum number of redeemable shares is determined, whether they are considered as equity or financial liability, and the accounting representation of the described event is made. The document presents information on a capital increase through the issuance of 40,000 shares at 12.5 u.m. each, with the aim of obtaining financing for the rescue of the company. It is established that 400,000 u.m. of share capital and 100,000 u.m. of share premium will be generated. It is also mentioned that when the shares are redeemed, the company will return the contributed amount and make the corresponding accounting entries. The importance of paying attention to the conditions agreed in the securities and the prevalence of substance over form established in the PGC is highlighted. [Extracted from the article]