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Collaboration between social workers (SW) and community health workers (CHW) plays an essential role in addressing health inequities in the United States (US). However, little is known about the current state of CHW/SW collaboration. The objectives of this review were to identify (a) the nature, goals and setting of CHWs and SW collaboration; (b) the patient outcomes utilised to measure intervention efficacy. The literature search was conducted in December 2020 using six databases. The inclusion criteria were (1) interventions that included CHWs and SWs; (2) US-based; (3) published between 2000-2020; (4) peer-reviewed journal articles; (5) examining health or mental health outcomes. Search results identified 281 articles, and 15 were included in the final analysis. Settings that utilised SW/CHW collaboration included outpatient clinics (n = 10); community organisations (n = 4) or hospital (n = 1). CHW and SW interventions focused on disease prevention (n = 8), chronic care (n = 4) and mental health (n = 3). Health outcomes were the most evaluated (n = 13), and significant improvement of at least one health outcome was reported in those studies. Mental health outcomes (n = 3) were also significantly improved, while social determinants of health (n = 2) were least common and descriptive only. This is the first review of SW and CHW collaboration. Clarity regarding SW and CHW roles and scopes of practice are needed to understand better SW/CHW collaboration and its impacts on community health outcomes and improve the process of collaboration. SW and CHW collaboration may increase clients' access to preventive care, mental health and address health inequities.

El objetivo fue evaluar la composicion nutricional y el potencial funcional en accesiones de quinua provenientes de la sierra del Cuzco y sembradas en Huancayo. Se evaluaron 17 accesiones provenientes de Huancayo, 7 de bajo contenido de saponinas (< 0,11) y 10 de contenido alto. El resultado promedio de humedad, proteinas, grasa, cenizas, fibra bruta y carbohidratos fue 9,79% ± 0,01, 17,27% ± 0,02 6,76% ± 0,01, 2,10% ± 0,05, 3,07% ± 0,04 y 70,81% ± 0,11 respectivamente. La digestibilidad in vitro de almidones y proteina fue 32,23% ± 0,008 y 83,6% ± 0,002 respectivamente. La fibra dietaria total fue 7,44% ± 1,86. En las accesiones de quinua del Cuzco, los resultados de humedad, proteinas, grasa, ceniza, fibra bruta y carbohidratos fueron 11,29% ± 0,02, 16,46% ± 0,04, 7,67% ± 0,01, 1,97% ± 0,01, 2,52% ± 0,01 y 71,38% ± 0,04 respectivamente. La digestibilidad in vitro de almidon y proteinas fue 72,52% ± 0,001 y 83,53% ± 0,007 respectivamente. La fibra dietaria total fue 7,02% ± 1,57. Entre las accesiones de quinua de Huancayo y sus correspondientes originales del Cuzco, el contenido de proteinas, fibra cruda, carbohidratos y fibra dietaria total, compuestos fenolicos y digestibilidad in vitro de proteinas no se encontraron diferencias significativas (p ˃ 0,05).

Peru has a commodities-based economy where agriculture plays an essential role in the nation's development. Among agricultural products, fruits and vegetables are foundational to Peruvian culture and a healthy and nutritious diet. Produce is also the primary income source for thousands of small-scale farmers and producers throughout the country. Peru has significant potential to export agricultural and value-added products. Nevertheless, the Peruvian food chain has weak food safety and quality standards, limiting access to international markets. The inherent lack of food safety surveillance and management systems negatively affects public health. In the past decade, fresh and raw produce has been associated with several foodborne outbreaks worldwide, resulting in significant health and economic losses. This alarming situation for public health officials and regulators has called for the strengthening of produce safety standards and food safety risk management for safer food and to reduce the incidence of foodborne illnesses. This review summarizes the current status of produce safety in Peru and explores opportunities (e.g., policy, university capacity development) toward a safer food system.

Quinoa has been recognized as a complete food due to its balanced nutritional composition. Quinoa flour is used as an ingredient to improve the nutritional and functional characteristics of cereal-based foods. The physicochemical and functional (thermal and pasting) properties of flours and isolated starches of three Andean Peruvian quinoa varieties (Blanca de Hualhuas, BH; Rosada de Huancayo, RHY and Pasankalla, PK) were studied and the correlation among them properties were evaluated in order to explore their possible uses as a food ingredient. Proximal chemical composition of flour and isolated starches from quinoa varieties showed differences. Isolated starches from quinoa varieties showed a XRD Type A crystallinity patterns with polygonal shapes, small size, higher crystallinity degree and lower amylose content (

El objetivo de la investigacion fue identificar mohos micotoxigenicos en acciones de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivadas en la Costa (Lima) y la Sierra (Huancayo). El contenido de humedad (9.22-15.89%) y el contenido de saponinas (0,17-1,67%) no mostro diferencias significativas entre las accesiones de Costa y Sierra. La cuantificacion de mohos en las accesiones de Costa mostro recuentos altos (75*104-10*104 ufc/g) y bajos en la Sierra (50-150 est. ufc/g), siendo estadisticamente diferentes. Existe una relacion lineal negativa entre el contenido de saponinas y el recuento de mohos y levaduras en ambos grupos de accesiones de quinua. Los generos identificados en Costa incluyen: Cladosporium (40%), Penicillium (30%), Aspergillus (20%) y Trichotecium (10%) y en Sierra: Cladosporium (50%), Penicillium (14%), Talaromyces (14%), Aspergillus (7%), Alternaria (7%) y Oidium (7%). Las aflatoxinas totales para Aspergillus ochraceus (100H53) fue 2,2 ppb y para Aspergillus fumigatus (235H70) fue 1,1-1,6 ppb. La ocratoxina A para Aspergillus ochraceus (100H53) fue de 3,7-18,1 ppb y para Penicillium verrucosum (53H43 y 53H45) fue de 1,0 y 1,1 ppb respectivamente. Las fumonisinas para Alternaria alternata (100H53) fue 0,2 ppm por lo que todos los mohos mencionados se consideran micotoxigenicos condicion que permite establecer condiciones de control y prevencion en alimentos.

El objetivo de la investigacion fue evaluar el efecto del cambio de habitat en algunas caracteristicas nutricionales y funcionales de 16 accesiones de quinua con diferente contenido de saponinas, colectadas en la Sierra de Cuzco (promedio 3237 m.s.n.m.) y cultivadas en la Costa de Lima (235 m.s.n.m.) en Peru. Las quinuas se lavaron y secaron, para su posterior analisis. La cantidad promedio de proteinas (18,21 1,00%), cenizas (3,33 0,51%) y fibra dietaria Total (12,94 1,40%), de los cultivos de la Costa, fueron significativamente mayores (p value < α (0,05)), en comparacion a sus homologas originales de la Sierra (15,68 1,57%, 2,40 0,23% y 10,56 1,01%, respectivamente); mientras que la cantidad promedio de carbohidratos (69,74 1,32%), la digestibilidad de almidon in vitro (46,97 23,40%) y la digestibilidad de proteina in vitro (63,62 4,32%), fueron significativamente menores respecto las quinuas originales de la Sierra (72,19 3,01%, 59,16 23,94%, 67,21 6,28%, respectivamente). La humedad, grasa y fibra bruta, el contenido total de polifenoles y los niveles de capacidad antioxidante no mostraron cambios significativos. Se demuestra que el cambio de habitat influye en algunas de las caracteristicas nutricionales y funcionales en los granos de quinua.

El objetivo fue evaluar la composición nutricional y el potencial funcional en accesiones de quinua provenientes de la sierra del Cuzco y sembradas en Huancayo. Se evaluaron 17 accesiones provenientes de Huancayo, 7 de bajo contenido de saponinas (< 0,11) y 10 de contenido alto. El resultado promedio de humedad, proteínas, grasa, cenizas, fibra bruta y carbohidratos fue 9,79% ± 0,01, 17,27% ± 0,02 6,76% ± 0,01, 2,10% ± 0,05, 3,07% ± 0,04 y 70,81% ± 0,11 respectivamente. La digestibilidad in vitro de almidones y proteína fue 32,23% ± 0,008 y 83,6% ± 0,002 respectivamente. La fibra dietaria total fue 7,44% ± 1,86. En las accesiones de quinua del Cuzco, los resultados de humedad, proteínas, grasa, ceniza, fibra bruta y carbohidratos fueron 11,29% ± 0,02, 16,46% ± 0,04, 7,67% ± 0,01, 1,97% ± 0,01, 2,52% ± 0,01 y 71,38% ± 0,04 respectivamente. La digestibilidad in vitro de almidón y proteínas fue 72,52% ± 0,001 y 83,53% ± 0,007 respectivamente. La fibra dietaria total fue 7,02% ± 1,57. Entre las accesiones de quinua de Huancayo y sus correspondientes originales del Cuzco, el contenido de proteínas, fibra cruda, carbohidratos y fibra dietaria total, compuestos fenólicos y digestibilidad in vitro de proteínas no se encontraron diferencias significativas (p ˃ 0,05).

La corvina golfina (Cynoscion othonopterus) es una especie endémica del golfo de California y su pesquería es una de las más importantes del Alto Golfo de California. Dos modelos de biomasa dinámica (Schaefer & Pella-Tomlinson) se utilizaron para evaluar el estado del stock al no contar con datos suficientes de edad para una evaluación basada en estructura de edades. Los modelos requirieron series históricas de los índices de abundancia (CPUE) de la pesquería, derivados de los datos de captura y esfuerzo de la pesca comercial (1993-2010). El criterio de información de Akaike indicó que el modelo de Schaefer presentó un mejor ajuste a los datos de la pesquería. El rendimiento máximo sustentable (RMS) estimado con el modelo de Schaefer fue de 3,100 ton, con una biomasa (BRMS) que permitiría obtenerlo de 8,200 ton y con el esfuerzo de pesca (/RMS) de 457 embarcaciones. La mortalidad por pesca (F = 0,43), fue 26,5% más alta que la mortalidad por pesca en el punto de referencia biológico (F0.1 = 0,33). La biomasa promedio del periodo 20062010 fue el 52% de su nivel óptimo (Est2006-2010 < 1). La declinación de la biomasa se aceleró a partir de 1999, en razón del aumento del esfuerzo de pesca. Los resultados indican que el recurso no ha sido saludable a pesar del decreto de la Reserva de la Biósfera, debido a que la zona núcleo no ha sido respetada como zona prohibida para la pesca y por el incremento del esfuerzo pesquero. The gulf corvina (Cynoscion othonopterus), is an endemic species of the Gulf of California, and its fishery is one of the most important in the Upper Gulf of California. Two dynamic biomass models (Schaefer & Pella-Tomlinson), were used to assess the state of the stock due to the lack of enough age data for a reliable full age-structured stock assessment. The models required an historical annual time-series of the abundance index (from 1993 to 2010), derived from the commercial catch and effort data. The Akaike information criterion indicates that the best model was the Schaefer model. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY), estimated with the Schaefer model was 3.100 ton, with a maximum surplus biomass (BMSY) that will allow the capture of 8.200 ton, and a fishing effort (fMSY) of 457 boats. The fishing mortality (F = 0.43) was 26% higher than the fishing mortality at the biological reference point (F0.1 = 0.34). The average biomass from 2006 to 2010 was 52% of the optimum level of the fishery (Est2006-2010 < 1). In 1999 an increase of the fishing effort accelerated the decrease of the biomass. These results indicate that the stock has not been healthy, in spite of the Biosphere Reserve decree, because the core zone has not been respected as a prohibited zone for fishing, and because of the increased fishing effort.

The presence of chemical contaminants in agricultural products is a continued food-safety challenge in Peru. This country has robust agriculture potential, but its output of fruits and vegetables is severely impacted by massive mining activities, as well as poor farming practices, including the use of polluted irrigation water, misuse of pesticides, and inadequate postharvest conditions. This review examines the current scientific knowledge on the levels of pesticide residues, heavy metals, and mycotoxins on crops produced in Peru. The available data shows that several crop varieties are contaminated with these classes of chemical contaminants, and at levels that exceed the national and international permissible limits. The abundance of chemical contaminants in produce indicates a relevant food-safety issue, which increases the risks of chronic human diseases, like cancer—a leading cause of death in Peru. Finally, this review presents recommendations to address these contamination problems in produce grown in the Andean country.

The article describes how the geographic geolocation can offer a great opportunity for the real estate sector to create maps, where customers can consult the location of the property, view the environment of the residential and commercial locations around the property without having to travel physically to the site. This functionality can significantly help clients make good purchasing decisions and sales by displaying important information on the map. Keywords— Geolocation, google maps, street view, real state system. Digital Object Identifier (DOI): http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/LACCEI2015.1.1.280 ISBN: 13 978-0-9822896-8-6 ISSN: 2414-6668

This paper presents the results of a research project aimed at studying the behavior of the radiation pattern of a patch array antenna through computer simulations. In this sense, is present the basic guidelines for design, implementation and preliminary simulation of different antenna prototypes through an algorithm simulator developed in MATLAB ® environment. Comparative studies of the simulation values are performed with the software LVDAM-ANT® which relate simulation data with actual experimental values. The results obtained demonstrate the efficiency of the simulation algorithm developed to underpin the study presented in this paper. Keywords— Microstrip patch array, radiation pattern, electromagnetic field, simulator GUI. I. INTRODUCCION Las antenas son el componente fundamental de los sistemas de telecomunicacion, las cuales han alcanzado un elevado desarrollo tecnologico (alto rendimiento y miniaturizacion de componentes). Las aplicaciones se han expandido con los anos y el fin de su miniaturizacion ha hecho de estas una importante e interesante base para la demanda en la comercializacion y posterior implementacion con distintos instrumentos electronicos. En este sentido, el tamano, el peso, el costo, la facilidad de instalacion y el contorno aerodinamico son parametros de suma importancia. Los diversos tipos de antenas estan relacionados con las caracteristicas del campo electromagnetico y con la tecnologia utilizada, segun el uso al que vaya ser destinada. En 1981 [1], se presenta un estudio del comportamiento de las antenas reactivamente cargadas, el cual, se dio solucion con el metodo de los momentos para una antena microstrip de parche rectangular. El objetivo principal ha sido disenar la antena ofreciendo diversidad de polarizacion y de frecuencia. El modo de cinta dual es caracterizado por una ranura delgada ademas de lineas microstrip como una antena cargada. En [2] se presenta una antena microstrip tipo parche de banda ancha para comunicacion inalambrica. En 2008, en [3] se presenta un modelo convencional de linea de transmision para estudio de antenas microstrip, pero no propone una herramienta computacional para obtener los campos electromagneticos ni el diagrama de radiacion. El mismo ano, [4] y [5] utilizan una herramienta computacional para simular los diagramas de radiacion de una antena microstrip, sin embargo, solo analizan una antena parche rectangular. En 2009, [6] utiliza una herramienta de simulacion que analiza solo la antena rectangular microstrip, no simula un arreglo de antenas rectangulares. En [7] y [8] se realiza un estudio utilizando los datos de simulacion del diagrama de radiacion de una antena especifica pero no realizan la comparacion de los resultados con datos experimentales. En 2013, [9] presenta un procedimiento para el diseno de una antena parche utilizando el modelo de linea de transmision. Este analiza un ejemplar de antena microstrip, el cual determina que el tamano de la antena microstrip es inversamente proporcional a su frecuencia de funcionamiento, pero no propone una herramienta computacional para obtener los campos electromagneticos ni el diagrama de radiacion y su respectivo analisis. En [10] utiliza un simulador basado en el metodo de los momentos donde disena y analiza antenas microstrip parche rectangular, sin embargo no disenan ni simulan un arreglo de parche rectangulares y no comparan los resultados con datos experimentales. Tambien en 2013, [11] presenta un analisis del diagrama de radiacion de una antena microstrip rectangular por medio del modelo de linea de transmision para el diseno y modelo de concavidad para la simulacion, donde se desarrolla una herramienta de simulacion computacional para obtener los diferentes diagramas de radiacion. Mediante un analisis estadistico y comparacion de los resultados simulados con datos obtenidos por el modulo LVDAM-ANT, muestran la excelente eficiencia del simulador. El parche puede tomar cualquier forma posible. Teniendo en cuenta la gran versatilidad y variedad de las antenas, el presente articulo muestra un analisis del diagrama de radiacion de una antena microstrip con arreglos de parche rectangular, donde se desarrolla una herramienta de simulacion computacional basada en el metodo de los momentos para obtener los diagramas de radiacion. Adicionalmente se comparan los resultados de simulacion con datos experimentales obtenidos por el modulo LVDAM-ANT. II. TECNOLOGIA MICROSTRIP Y METODOS DE ANALISIS Es una tecnologia planar que permite guiar y radiar ondas electromagneticas mediante estructuras impresas (denominada comunmente parche) en un substrato dielectrico totalmente metalizado por una de sus caras como se muestra en la Fig. 1. Es la tecnologia de eleccion en la mayor parte de los dispositivos moviles de telecomunicacion actuales. La Fig. 1 muestra la forma basica y las medidas mas importantes de una antena tipo microstrip. Existen varios metodos de analisis para diseno de antenas tipo parche o microstrip. Dependiendo de la precision y el grado de sencillez que se busque se puede seleccionar el metodo que mas se ajuste a las necesidades [12]. En este trabajo se utilizo el metodo de los momentos para el analisis del diagrama de radiacion de la antena.

Delta del Río Colorado, Golfo de California, Pez Endémico, Pez Amenazado, Totoaba macdonaldi.

Gastric dysplasia is a rare adult condition affecting a small area near polyps, ulcers or is an inflammatory process. Adenocarcinoma develops in severe gastric dysplasia, and this process may take 1 year. Mild and moderate dysplasias regress and only a small proportion progresses to severe dysplasia. We report a severe dysplasia in a 16-year-old male with no clinical history of gastric disease with acute and severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding that lowered hemoglobin levels to 2.8 g/dL. Bleeding persisted and subtotal gastrectomy was performed on an emergency basis. At gross examination, bleeding and congestion were found with superficial ulcers. Microscopically, severe dysplasia was observed with intramucosal areas of carcinoma limited to foveolar mucosa. The ulcers were congested and there was no inflammation, no polyps or other alterations in the mucosal layer. Ki-67 and P53 markers were positive, p16 with sporadic positivity. The purpose here is to report an exceptional case because of the young age and extensive and severe dysplasia with areas of intramucosal carcinoma and no previous clinical history. No similar cases of severe dysplasia with carcinoma in situ are reported in the literature.

Dermatofibroma (DF) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) are dermal tumors whose histogenesis has not been well defined to date. The differential diagnosis in most cases is established in routine H/E sections and may be confirmed by immunohistochemistry, but there are atypical variants of DF with less clear histological differences and non-conclusive immunohistochemical results. In those cases, electron microscopy studies may be useful in establishing the diagnosis. The authors describe in detail the ultrastructural characteristics of 38 cases of DFSP and 10 cases of DF. The objective was to establish the ultrastructural features for differential diagnosis, and to identify the possible histogenesis of both neoplasms. DFSP is formed by stellate or spindled cells with long, slender, ramified cell processes joined by primitive junctions. Subplasmalemmal densities were frequently seen in the processes. Another common finding was the presence of multivesicular buds (MVB), peculiar structures that contain microvesicles abutting from the cell membrane. In contrast, DF is characterized by a proliferation of multiple capillary vessels with prominent endothelium and a perivascular population of ovoid or spindled cells devoid of cell processes. These latter cells featured intracytoplasmic lipid material (p < .001), infrequent subplasmalemmal densities (p < .001), and absence of MVB (p < .001). With the ultrastructural characteristics and the constant expression of CD34 in DFSP, a probable origin in dermal dendrocytes is postulated for this tumor. The histogenesis of DF is less clear, but an origin from FXIIIa modified perivascular dermal dendrocytes is proposed.

We prepared a series of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites with a novel one dimensional coordination polymer copper-4,4′-trimethylenedipyridine (CU-TMDP). The CU-TMDP was sonicated in a methyl methacrylate monomer and polymerized in situ. Thermal, mechanical and optical properties of CU-TMDP–PMMA composites were probed via optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), microhardness, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The CU-TMDP was characterized by X-ray crystallography. The functionality of the CU-TMDP interacted with the polymer matrix such that mechanical properties are tuned by varying CU-TMDP loadings. The data point to the fact that interactions are primarily due to London dispersion forces or dipole–dipole interactions. This initial study forms the basis for future applications requiring tailored mechanical properties.

Preparation de complexes de type MO(CO 4 )[RPO] 4 Mo(CO) 4 . Structure cristalline de Mo(CO) 4 [i-Pr 2 NPO] 4 Mo(CO) 4

Deprotonated cis-[M(CO)4(PhPO2)2H3]− (M = Cr, Mo, W) are tetradentate ligands capable of displacing two carboxylate bridges each in Mo2(acetate)4 to give mixed-valent tetrametallic complexes of the type MO2[M(CO)4(PhPO2)2]24− (M = Cr, Mo, W). The molecular structure of (n-Bu4N)2H2MO2[Mo(CO)4(PhPO2)2]2 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca, with cell parameters a = 20.858(1), b = 17.131(1), c = 21.072(1) A, V = 7529.14 A3 and Z = 4. A total of 3262 reflections were considered significant and used in the refinement, yielding final Rf = 0.056 and Rw = 0.063. The tetraanion has a centre of symmetry and features a MoIIMoII bond of 2.186(2) A spanned by two cis-Mo(Co)4(PhPO2)2 metallo-ligands. Chemically, only weak interactions are found between this tetraanion and potential axial ligands like tertiary amines, pyridine, phosphine and isonitrile. Its iodination occurred at the molybdenum(0) tetracarbonyl sites with CO loss to give Mo2[Mo(CO)3I2(PhPO2)2]24−.

This study compares greenhouse gases emissions and energy consumption of buildings supplied by the municipal water grid in Mexico City against different configurations of rainwater harvesting systems. A comparative simulation model was built for this purpose. Life-cycle assessment methodology was used to embrace impacts not only from operation (e.g. pumping energy) but also from building the system (e.g. materials, their transportation, etc.). This analysis is essential to improve Mexico City’s water management. The city’s aquifer is overexploited, which has caused land subsidence; the city is prone to flooding for being located in an endorheic basin and highly urbanised; it consumes 1.23 kWh/m3 to supply water to the municipal grid (65 % of it to import 18 % of its water demand from neighbouring basins); and between 30 % and 50 % of this water is lost through grid leakages. The model was used to analyse eleven different types of buildings. Results proved that rainwater harvesting can reduce greenhouse gases emissions in Mexico City and three of the four harvesting scenarios also aid at mitigating flooding risk.