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1. Short-Term Effects of Two COX-2 Selective Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Release of Growth Factors and Cytokines from Canine Platelet-Rich Gel Supernatants.

Author

Ospina, Julián, Carmona, Jorge U., and López, Catalina

Subjects
ANTI-inflammatory agents, GROWTH factors, CYTOKINES, RESEARCH & development, BIOCOMPATIBILITY, NANOTECHNOLOGY
Abstract

(1) Background: There is a lack of knowledge about how a single dose of COX-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) might affect the release of growth factors (GFs) and cytokines from canine platelet-rich gels (PRGs) and other hemocomponents. (2) Methods: A crossover study was conducted in six adult mongrel dogs. Animals were randomized to receive a single dose of either carprofen or firocoxib. PRG, temperature-induced platelet lysate (TIPL), chemically induced PL (CIPL), and plasma hemocomponents were obtained from each dog before (1 h) and after (6 h) the treatments. Platelet and leukocyte counts and determination of the concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-BB, (PDGF-BB), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10 concentrations were assayed by ELISA in all hemocomponents. (3) Results: Both platelet and leukocyte counts and PDGF-BB concentrations were not affected by NSAIDs and time. Total TGF-β1 concentrations were not affected by NSAIDs; however, the release of this GF was increased in PRG supernatants (PRGS) at 6 h. IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in both firocoxib PRGS and plasma at 6 h, respectively. IL-10 concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) lower at 6 h in all hemocomponents treated with both NSAIDs. (4) Conclusions: The clinical implications of our findings could indicate that these drugs should be withdrawn from patients to allow their clearance before the clinical use of PRP/PRG. On the other hand, the prophylactic use of NSAIDs to avoid the inflammatory reactions that some patients might have after PRP/PRG treatment should be performed only in those animals with severe reactive inflammation to the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Effects of the breed, sex and age on cellular content and growth factor release from equine pure-platelet rich plasma and pure-platelet rich gel

Author

Giraldo Carlos E, López Catalina, Álvarez María E, Samudio Ismael J, Prades Marta, and Carmona Jorge U

Subjects
Horse, Platelet concentrate, Transforming growth factor beta 1, Platelet derived growth factor isoform BB, Regenerative therapy, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Background There is no information on the effects of the breed, gender and age on the cellular content and growth factor (GF) release from equine pure-platelet rich plasma (P-PRP) and pure-platelet rich gel (P-PRG). The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare the cellular composition of P-PRP with whole blood and platelet poor plasma (PPP); 2) to compare the concentration of transforming GF beta 1 (TGF-β1) and platelet derived GF isoform BB (PDGF-BB) between P-PRP treated with non-ionic detergent (P-PRP+NID), P-PRG (activated with calcium gluconate -CG-), PPP+NID, PPP gel (PPG), and plasma and; 3) to evaluate and to correlate the effect of the breed, gender and age on the cellular and GF concentration for each blood component. Forty adult horses, 20 Argentinean Creole Horses (ACH) and, 20 Colombian Creole Horses (CCH) were included. Data were analyzed by parametric (i.e.: t-test, one way ANOVA) and non parametric (Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test) tests. Correlation analysis was also performed by using the Spearman and Pearson tests. A p ≤ 0.05 was set as significant for all tests. All the blood components were compared for platelet (PLT), leukocyte (WBC), TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB concentrations. The effect of the breed, gender and age on these variables was analyzed. A P ≤ 0.05 was accepted as significant for all the tests. Results PLT counts were 1.8 and 0.6 times higher in P-PRP than in whole blood and PPP, respectively; WBC counts were 0.5 and 0.1 times lower in P-PRP, in comparison with whole blood and PPP, respectively. TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB concentrations were 2.3 and 262 times higher, respectively, in P-PRG than in plasma, and 0.59 and 0.48 times higher, respectively, in P-PRG than in PPG. P-PRG derived from CCH females or young horses presented significantly (P Conclusions Our results indicated that P-PRP obtained by a manual method was affected by intrinsic factors such as the breed, gender and age. Equine practitioners should be aware that cellular and GF release from P-PRP/P-PRG could change according with the intrinsic variables associated with a patient in particular.

Published
2013
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20. Evaluation of the effect of calcium gluconate and bovine thrombin on the temporal release of transforming growth factor beta 1 and platelet-derived growth factor isoform BB from feline platelet concentrates

Author

Silva Raul F, Álvarez María E, Ríos Diana L, López Catalina, Carmona Jorge U, and Rezende Cleuza MF

Subjects
Calcium gluconate, Cat, Bovine thrombin, Platelet rich plasma, Regenerative medicine, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Background There are not reported regarding the protocols for obtaining platelet concentrates (PC) in cats for medical purposes. The objectives of this study were: 1) to describe a manual method for producing two kinds of PC in cats (PC-A and PC-B), 2) to describe the cellular population of the PC, 3) to measure and compare the effect of calcium gluconate (CG) and bovine thrombin (BT) on the temporal release of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor type BB (PDGF-BB) at 3 and 12 hours post-activation and 4) to establish correlations between the cellular population of both PCs and the concentration of growth factors (GF). Blood samples were taken from 16 cats for complete blood count, plasma collection and PC preparation. The PC were arbitrarily divided into two fractions, specifically, PC-A (lower fraction) and PC-B (upper fraction). Results The platelet counts were significantly different (P1 concentration efficiencies for PC-A and PC-B activated with CG were 42.86% and 46.54%, and activated with BT were 42.88% and 54.64%, respectively. The PDGF-BB concentration efficiencies for PC-A and PC-B activated with CG were 61.36% and 60.61%, and activated with BT were 65.64% and 72.12%, respectively. The temporal release of GFs showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between the activating substances at the time or for any PC fraction. Conclusions Whatever the activation means, these preparations of cat PC provide significant concentrations of platelets and GFs for possible clinical or experimental use.

Published
2012
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21. Comparison of the effect of calcium gluconate and batroxobin on the release of transforming growth factor beta 1 in canine platelet concentrates

Author

Silva Raul F, Carmona Jorge U, and Rezende Cleuza MF

Subjects
Tube method, Platelet Rich-Plasma, Dog, Regenerative medicine, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Background The clinical use of autologous platelet concentrates (also known as platelet-rich plasma) on the field of regenerative therapy, in the last decade has been the subject of several studies especially in equine medicine and surgery. The objectives of this study was: 1) to describe and compare the cellular population in whole blood, lower fraction (A) and upper fraction (B) of platelet concentrates, 2) to measure and compare the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentration in plasma and both platelet concentrates after be activated with calcium gluconate or batroxobin plus calcium gluconate and, 3) to determine correlations between cell counts in platelet concentrates and concentrations of TGF-β1. Blood samples were taken from 16 dogs for complete blood count, plasma collection and platelet concentrates preparation. The platelet concentrates (PC) were arbitrarily divided into two fractions, specifically, PC-A (lower fraction) and PC-B (upper fraction). The Platelet concentrates were analyzed by hemogram. After activated with calcium gluconate or batroxobin plus calcium gluconate, TGF-β1 concentration was determined in supernatants of platelet concentrates and plasma. Results There were differences statistically significant (P 1 concentration between whole blood, plasma and both platelet concentrates. A significant correlation was found between the number of platelets in both platelet concentrates and TGF-β1 concentration. Platelet collection efficiency was 46.34% and 28.16% for PC-A and PC-B, respectively. TGF-β1 concentration efficiency for PC activated with calcium gluconate was 47.75% and 31.77%, for PC-A and PC-B, respectively. PC activated with batroxobin plus CG showed 46.87% and 32.24% for PC-A and PC-B, respectively. Conclusions The methodology used in this study allows the concentration of a number of platelets and TGF-β1 that might be acceptable for a biological effect for clinical or experimental use as a regenerative therapy in dogs.

Published
2012
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29. Plasmocitoma extramedular nasal en un perro

Author

Giraldo M, Carlos, López V, Catalina, and Carmona, Jorge U

Subjects
tomografía, plasmacytoma, plasmocitoma, Dog, perro, nasal cavity, tomography, Cavidad nasal
Abstract

Se describe un caso de plasmocitoma nasal en un canino, macho entero, de raza Akita de 30 Kg de peso y veintiún meses de edad, con historia de epistaxis unilateral crónica. Se practicó examen clínico y biopsia de la neoplasia visible en la cavidad nasal izquierda. La ubicación y extensión del tumor fue determinada mediante tomografía computarizada de cabeza y cuello. Se realizaron análisis histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico (IHQ) del tejido tumoral. La tomografía computarizada evidenció una masa con densidad de tejido blando de 10 cm de longitud x 3.5 cm de diámetro y escasa captación de medio de contraste, que comprometía en su totalidad la cavidad nasal derecha y parte de la porción posterior de la coana izquierda. El análisis histopatológico reveló numerosas células redondas pleomórficas con poco citoplasma, rodeadas por trama escasa de tejido conectivo y bajo índice mitótico. En el examen IHQ la muestra fue negativa a los antígenos CD3 y CD20 para linfocitos T y B, respectivamente. Los hallazgos clínicos y de la tomografía computarizada, así como los resultados del análisis histopatológico del tejido tumoral, fueron compatibles con un plasmocitoma extramedular nasal de bajo grado de malignidad. A case of nasal plasmacytoma with history of chronic unilateral epistaxis in a twenty-one month old, male, Akita dog, weighing 30 kg is described. Clinical examination and biopsy of the visible tumor in the left nasal cavity were performed. The location and extent of the tumor were determined by head and neck computer tomography. Histopathological and immune-histochemical (IHC) analyses of tumoral tissue were performed. Computer tomography showed a mass with soft tissue density of 10 cm long x 3.5 cm in diameter and low uptake of the contrast medium that entirely compromised the right nasal cavity and part of the rear portion of the left choana. The histopathological analysis revealed the presence of numerous pleomorphic round cells with little cytoplasm, surrounded by a scarce network of connective tissue, and a low mitotic index. The IHC analysis was negative for CD3 and CD20 antigens or T and B lymphocytes, respectively. Clinical and computer tomography findings, such as the results of the histopathology of the tumoral tissue were consistent with a low-grade malignancy extramedular plasmacytoma.

Published
2012

33. Abscessos pleurais causados por Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus spp. beta-hemolítico no rescaldo de pleuropneumonia em um cavalo.: Relato de um caso

Author

Carmona, Jorge U, López, Catalina, and Giraldo, Carlos E

Subjects
lower respiratory tract, tracto respiratorio bajo, as infecções respiratórias crônicas, infecções do tracto respiratório, enfermedad respiratoria equina, bacterial chronic respiratory infection, infección bacteriana respiratoria crónica, equine respiratory disease, doenças respiratórias no eqüino
Abstract

Los abscesos pleurales son una complicación frecuente en caballos con pleuroneumonía. Su tratamiento resulta difícil, requiere tiempo y dinero. Un caballo criollo argentino, castrado, de 13 años de edad presentó una pleuroneumonía grave que posteriormente se complicó con abscesos pleurales. El uso de anti-inflamatorios no esteroidales (fenilbutazona), una antibioterapia agresiva (ceftiofur, ampicilina y gentamicina), el drenaje eco-guiado y el lavado de los abscesos con una solución de yodopovidona al 0.05% permitió la recuperación exitosa del paciente de este reporte. Pleural abscesses are a frequent complication in horses with pleuropneumonia. Their treatment is not easy, and requires time and it is expensive. A 13 years old creole argentine gelding presented a severe pleuropneumonia subsequently complicated with pleural abscess. The use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (fenylbutazone), an aggressive antibiotherapy (ceftiofur, ampicillin, and gentamicin), echoguide drainage and lavage with yodopovidone to 0.05% of the abscesses permitted the successful recuperation of the patient of this case report. Os abscessos pleurais são uma complicação comum em cavalos com pleuropneumonia. Seu tratamento é difícil e requer tempo e dinheiro. Um cavalo crioulo argentino, castrado, 13 anos de idade apresentou uma grave pleuropneumonia que posteriormente se tornou complicado com abscesso pleural. O uso de não-esteróides antiinflamatórios (fenilbutazona), uma agressiva terapia antibiótica (cetfiofur, ampicilina e gentamicina), eu drenagem eco-guiado e da lavagem dos abscessos com uma solução de yodopovidona de 0.05%, permitiu o sucesso da recuperação do paciente deste relato de caso.

Published
2008

38. Temporal Bacteriostatic Effect and Growth Factor Loss in Equine Platelet Components and Plasma Cultured with Methicillin-Sensitive and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A Comparative In Vitro Study.

Author

López, Catalina, Álvarez, María E., and Carmona, Jorge U.

Subjects
METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus, ANTIBACTERIAL agents, GROWTH factors, BLOOD platelets, IN vitro studies, COMPARATIVE studies
Abstract

The aims were (1) to evaluate the bacteriostatic effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich gel (PRG), leukocyte-poor plasma (LPP), leukocyte-poor gel (LPG), plasma, and heat-inactivated plasma (IP) on both methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) over a period of 24 h; (2) to determine and to compare the concentrations and degradation over time of platelet factor 4 (PF-4), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and platelet derived growth factor isoform BB (PDGF-BB); and (3) to identify any correlations between MSSA and MRSA growth and either the cellular, PF-4, TGF-β1, or PDGF-BB concentrations in the blood components. PRP and its byproducts from 18 horses were obtained by the tube method. All blood components were cultured with either MSSA or MRSA. Bacterial growth, PF-4, TGF-β1, and PDGF-BB were determined at 6 h and 24 h. At six hours, bacterial growth was significantly inhibited by all blood components, with the exception of IP. MSSA was more sensitive to the treatments than MRSA. At 24 hours, bacterial growth was significantly higher in IP. MRSA bacterial growth was significantly higher in PRP, LPP, and plasma when compared to MSSA. Growth factor concentrations were not significantly affected by bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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39. Questions statistical power of study on release of growth factors from platelet-rich plasma.

Author

Carmona, Jorge U. and Lopez, Catalina

Subjects
*LETTERS to the editor, *GROWTH factors
Abstract

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Effects of Preparation Method, Shear Force, and Exposure to Collagen on Release of Growth Factors From Equine Platelet-Rich Plasma," by Textor and colleagues, published in previous issue.

Published
2011

40. Plasmocitoma extramedular nasal en un perro.

Author

Carlos Giraldo, M., Catalina López, V., and Carmona, Jorge U.

Subjects
*CYTOPLASM, *HISTOPATHOLOGY, *PLASMACYTOMA, *TOMOGRAPHY, *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, *NASAL cavity, *CONNECTIVE tissues, *LABORATORY dogs
Abstract

A case of nasal plasmacytoma with history of chronic unilateral epistaxis in a twenty-one month old, male, Akita dog, weighing 30 kg is described. Clinical examination and biopsy of the visible tumor in the left nasal cavity were performed. The location and extent of the tumor were determined by head and neck computer tomography. Histopathological and immune-histochemical (IHC) analyses of tumoral tissue were performed. Computer tomography showed a mass with soft tissue density of 10 cm long x 3.5 cm in diameter and low uptake of the contrast medium that entirely compromised the right nasal cavity and part of the rear portion of the left choana. The histopathological analysis revealed the presence of numerous pleomorphic round cells with little cytoplasm, surrounded by a scarce network of connective tissue, and a low mitotic index. The IHC analysis was negative for CD3 and CD20 antigens or T and B lymphocytes, respectively. Clinical and computer tomography findings, such as the results of the histopathology of the tumoral tissue were consistent with a low-grade malignancy extramedular plasmacytoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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41. Role of transforming growth factor β1 and d-dimer in horses with severe gastrointestinal disease

Author

Argüelles Capilla, David, Prades, Marta, Carmona, Jorge U., and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals

Subjects
Fibrinolysis, Peritonitis, Ciències de la Salut, TGF
Abstract

Antecedentes: En los seres humanos, el factor de crecimiento transformante beta peritoneal (TGF-β) se asocia con enfermedades peritoneales y la posterior formación de adherencias. No hay estudios sobre las concentraciones de TGF-β peritoneal en caballos con cólico plasma. Por otra parte, caballos con cólicos graves o con líquido peritoneal alterado al ingreso, así como los no sobrevivientes, tendrán mayores aumentos en el plasma y peritoneal de D- dímero. Objetivos: Los objetivos de esta tesis fueron: 1) Determinar las concentraciones en plasma y líquido peritoneal de TGF-β1 y TGF-β 3 en caballos con diferentes tipos de cólicos (no sometidas previamente a cirugía abdominal), 2) comparar estas concentraciones de acuerdo con el tipo de fluido peritoneal (trasudado, trasudado modificado y exudado), 3) comparar y correlacionar las concentraciones plasmáticas y peritoneales de TGF-β 1 y TGF-β3 y los tipos de líquido peritoneal según el grupo de los cólicos y la evolución clínica y 4) describir y evaluar la correlación entre TGF-β 1 y D- dímero. Métodos: Dos estudios clínicos se llevaron a cabo para el desarrollo de estos objetivos. Estudio 1: se obtuvo líquido peritoneal y plasma de 78 caballos con cólico y 8 caballos sanos. Los pacientes fueron clasificados de acuerdo al diagnóstico (obstrucciones, enteritis, trastornos isquémicos y peritonitis), el análisis del líquido peritoneal (trasudado, trasudado modificado y exudado), y el resultado (sobrevivientes y no sobrevivientes). Las concentraciones plasmáticas y peritoneales de TGF-β1 y TGF-β3 se determinaron por ELISA. Los datos se analizaron por pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas. Un valor de P ≤ 0,05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: Las concentraciones de líquido peritoneal de TGF-β1 fueron significativamente (P= 0,01) más altas en caballos con peritonitis en comparación con todos los otros grupos de cólico y controles. Los caballos con lesiones isquémicas tuvieron significativamente (P= 0,01) mayores concentraciones peritoneales de TGF-β1 en comparación con los controles y el grupo de caballos con obstrucciones. La concentración peritoneal de TGF-β1 también fue significativamente (P= 0,01) más alta en exudados en comparación con trasudados. Las concentraciones peritoneales de TGF -β1 y TGF-β3 y la concentración plasmática de TGF-β1 aumentaron significativamente en los caballos no sobrevivientes en comparación con los sobrevivientes (p= 0,001, P= 0,004 y P= 0,05, respectivamente). Estudio dos: se incluyeron 124 caballos con cólico y 12 caballos como grupo control. Los caballos con cólico fueron agrupados según el diagnóstico (obstrucciones, enteritis, problemas isquémicos, peritonitis y otros problemas mixtos), los resultados del análisis del líquido peritoneal (trasudado, trasudado modificado y exudado) y la evolución clínica (sobrevivientes y no sobrevivientes). Las concentraciones plasmáticas y peritoneales de D-dímero y las concentraciones peritoneales de TGF−β1 fueron significativamente mayores en los caballos con la enteritis, peritonitis y trastornos isquémicos en comparación con los caballos con obstrucciones intestinales. Las concentraciones peritoneales de dímero D y TGF-β1 fueron significativamente mayores en los caballos con líquido peritoneal alterado (trasudado modificado y exudado) en comparación con los caballos con el análisis normal de líquido peritoneal. La concentración de estas proteínas también fue significativamente mayor en el grupo con peritonitis y en caballos con líquido peritoneal alterado. Las concentraciones peritoneales y plasmáticas de dímero D en y TGF-β1 fueron mayores en los caballos no sobrevivientes. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas, entre débiles y fuertes, entre las proteínas evaluadas y el diagnóstico, la evolución clínica y el tipo de líquido peritoneal. Conclusiones: La concentración peritoneal de TGF-β1 y de dímero D fue mayor en los caballos con enfermedades gastrointestinales graves (lesiones isquémicas intestinales y peritonitis), en caballos con un fluido peritoneal alterado (exudado) y en los no sobrevivientes. La concentración peritoneal de TGF-β1 aumenta en caballos con enfermedad gastrointestinal grave como una respuesta anti-inflamatoria y podría estar correlacionado con alteraciones en el sistema fibrinolítico, manifestado principalmente por el aumento en las concentraciones plasmáticas y peritoneales de D-dímero., Background: In humans, peritoneal transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is associated with peritoneal diseases and subsequent adhesion formation. No studies on plasma and peritoneal TGF-β concentrations in horses with colic are available. On the other hand horses with severe colic or with altered peritoneal fluid at admission, as well as non-survivors, will have greater increases in plasma and peritoneal D-dimer. Aims: The aims of this thesis were 1) To determine both plasma and peritoneal TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 concentrations in horses with different types of colic (not previously subjected to abdominal surgery), 2) to compare these concentrations according to the type of peritoneal fluid (transudate, modified transudate and exudate), 3) to compare and correlate plasma and peritoneal concentrations of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 and the types of peritoneal fluid according to the colic group and outcome and 4) to describe and to assess the correlation between TGF-β1 and D-dimer. Methods: Two clinical studies were performed for developing these objectives. Study 1: Peritoneal fluid and plasma samples from 78 horses with colic and 8 healthy horses were obtained. Patients were classified according to diagnosis (obstructions, enteritis, ischemic disorders and peritonitis), peritoneal fluid analysis (transudate, modified transudate and exudate), and outcome (survivors and non-survivors). Plasma and peritoneal TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 concentrations were determined by ELISA. Data were analyzed by parametric a non parametric tests. A P≤0.05 was considered as statistical significant. Results: Concentrations of peritoneal fluid TGF-β1 were significantly (P=0.01) higher in horses with peritonitis in comparison with all other colic groups and controls. Horses with ischemic lesions had significantly (P=0.01) higher concentrations of peritoneal TGF-β1 in comparison with controls and the group of horses with obstructions. Peritoneal TGF-β1 concentration also was significantly (P=0.01) higher in exudates in comparison with transudates. Peritoneal TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 concentrations and plasma TGF-β1 concentration were significantly increased in non-survivors compared to survivors (P=0.001, P=0.004 and P=0.05, respectively). Study two: 124 horses with colic and 12 control horses were included. The horses with colic were grouped according to diagnosis (obstructions, enteritis, ischemic problems, peritonitis and other mixed problems), results of the peritoneal fluid analysis (transudate, modified transudate and exudate) and outcome (survivors and non-survivors). Plasma and peritoneal D-dimer concentrations and peritoneal TGF-β1 concentrations were significantly higher in horses with enteritis, peritonitis and ischemic disorders, when compared to horses with large intestinal obstructions. Peritoneal D-dimer and TGF-β1 concentrations were significantly higher in horses with altered peritoneal fluid (modified transudate and exudate) compared to horses with normal peritoneal fluid analysis. The concentration of these proteins was also significantly higher in the peritonitis group and in horses with altered peritoneal fluid. Peritoneal and plasma D-dimer concentrations and TGF-β1 were also significantly higher in non-survivors. There were significant correlations, from weak to strong, between the evaluated proteins and the diagnosis, the outcome and the type of peritoneal fluid. Conclusions: Peritoneal TGF-β1 and D-dimer concentration was higher in horses with severe gastrointestinal diseases (ischemic intestinal lesions and peritonitis), in horses with an altered peritoneal fluid (exudate), and in non-survivors. Peritoneal TGF-β1 concentration increases in horses with severe gastrointestinal disease as an anti-inflammatory response and could be correlated with alterations in the fibrinolytic system mainly manifested by increasing in the plasma and peritoneal D-dimer concentrations.

Published
2014

42. Influence of calcium salts and bovine thrombin on growth factor release from equine platelet-rich gel supernatants.

Author

Giraldo CE, Álvarez ME, and Carmona JU

Subjects
Animals, Blood Coagulation, Blood Platelets, Calcium pharmacology, Cattle, Gels, Horses, Leukocyte Count, Leukocytes, Male, Platelet Count, Platelet-Rich Plasma cytology, Platelet-Rich Plasma drug effects, Thrombin pharmacology, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor metabolism, Platelet-Rich Plasma metabolism, Transforming Growth Factor beta1 metabolism
Abstract

Objective: To compare five activation methods in equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) by determination of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentrations in platelet-rich gel (PRG) supernatants., Methods: Platelet-rich plasma from 20 horses was activated by calcium chloride (CC), calcium gluconate (CG), bovine thrombin (BT), and their combinations, BTCC and BTCG. Both growth factor concentrations in PRG supernatants were measured by ELISA and compared with plasma and platelet lysates (PL) over time., Results: Growth factor concentrations were significantly lower in plasma and higher for all PRG supernatants. Platelet lysates contained a significantly lower concentration of PDGF-BB than PRG supernatants and a significantly higher concentration of TGF-β1 than PRG supernatants. Clots from PRP activated with sodium salts were more stable over time and had significant growth factor release, whereas CC produced gross salt deposition. Significant correlations were noticed for platelet with leukocyte concentrations in PRP (r s : 0.76), platelet counts in PRP with TGF-β1 concentrations in PRG supernatants (r s : 0.86), platelet counts in PRP with PDGF-BB concentrations in PRG supernatants (r s : 0.78), leukocyte counts in PRP with TGF-β1 concentrations in PRG supernatants (r s : 0.76), and PDGF-BB concentrations with activating substances (r s : 0.72)., Clinical Significance: Calcium gluconate was the better substance to induce PRP activation. It induced growth factor release free from calcium precipitates in the clots. Use of BT alone or combined with calcium salts was not advantageous for growth factor release.

Published
2017
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43. Implications of anticoagulants and gender on cell counts and growth factor concentration in platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich gel supernatants from rabbits.

Author

González JC, López C, and Carmona JU

Subjects
Animals, Becaplermin, Female, Glucose pharmacology, Leukocyte Count, Male, Plasmapheresis methods, Plasmapheresis veterinary, Platelet Count, Rabbits, Sodium Citrate, Anticoagulants pharmacology, Citrates pharmacology, Citric Acid pharmacology, Glucose analogs & derivatives, Platelet-Rich Plasma drug effects, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis metabolism, Sex Characteristics, Transforming Growth Factor beta1 metabolism
Abstract

Objectives: Our objectives were as follows: 1) to validate a protocol for producing rabbit platelet-rich plasma (PRP); 2) to determine the influence of two anticoagulants, sodium citrate and acid-citrate-dextrose solution A, and gender on cell count in PRP and growth factor concentration in pure platelet-rich gel supernatants; 3) to correlate the variables evaluated., Methods: Whole blood from 18 New Zealand rabbits (9 males and 9 females) was obtained with sodium citrate and acid-citrate-dextrose solution A for processing PRP fractions (A and B), which were evaluated for haematology. The PRP fractions were either activated with calcium gluconate or lysated with a detergent. The concentrations of transforming growth factor beta 1 and platelet-derived growth factor BB were assayed by ELISA., Results: The sodium citrate PRP-B had significantly higher counts of platelets in comparison to PRP-A and whole blood obtained with the same anticoagulant and the homologous acid-citrate-dextrose solution A PRP fraction. The sodium citrate PRP-A had a significantly higher count of leukocytes compared to the homologous acid-citrate-dextrose solution A fraction. All the PRP fractions had a significant leuko-reduction when compared to whole blood. The sodium citrate PRP-A fraction from female rabbits had significantly lower platelet counts and significantly higher leukocyte counts than the same acid-citrate-dextrose solution A fraction. Growth factor concentration was not affected by the type of anticoagulant or gender., Clinical Significance: The type of anticoagulant and gender affected the cell counts in PRP, but they did not influence the growth factor concentration. More complete rabbit PRP studies should be performed before evaluating this type of substance in models of disease.

Published
2016
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