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Background: With promising outcomes, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has recently been suggested as a treatment for olfactory dysfunction (OD)., Methods: Clinical studies utilizing PRP in OD caused by COVID-19, trauma, anesthetic exposure, viral infection, and chronic rhinosinusitis were included in a systematic review., Results: Ten clinical studies were qualitatively analyzed. Six of these studies used the PRP for OD caused by COVID-19, one on OD after functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and three on post-infectious or post-trauma OD. The population included 531 patients, ranging in age from 15 to 63., Conclusion: The use of PRP may be a risk-free and efficient therapeutic option with very encouraging outcomes. Indeed, it enhances olfactory perception in patients who not only exhibit COVID-19 infection aftereffects, but also in those who have lost their sense of smell due to trauma, rhinosinusitis, rhinitis, or even surgery. To evaluate the PRP's therapeutic benefits in OD patients and to compare the efficacy of different therapeutic protocols with regard to treatment schedules, there is an urgent need for focused controlled trials.

Purpose: Home sleep apnea testing devices aim to overcome the drawbacks of polysomnography (PSG). Among these, the WatchPAT (WP) (Itamar Medical Ltd., Caesarea, Israel) has recently been introduced on the market for diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the studies validating the WP for the diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing through comparison with PSG., Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify all clinical studies concerning WP validation compared with PSG as diagnostic tools. A qualitative analysis of the data was conducted., Results: In this review, 18 studies were included for a total of 1049 patients, aged 8 to 70 years old, with 74 of these being pediatric patients. In most studies, patients completed an overnight PSG and simultaneously wore WatchPAT in a sleep laboratory, while others compared the results obtained on two different nights. Both protocols showed good results in terms of AHI, ODI, RDI, and SO2. Moreover, some studies calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the WP ranging from 87 to 96% and from 66 to 80%, respectively. Excellent results were found also in pediatric patients., Conclusion: The WP represents an effective and convenient tool for OSA diagnosis compared to standard reference systems., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease of sino-nasal mucosa, is IgE-mediated, and affects 10-40% of the global population. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of nasal administration of Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BDP) delivered via Spray-sol with nasal spray in patients suffering from AR. We included 28 AR patients assigned to one of the two following treatments: the Spray-sol group (BDP via Spray-sol) ( n = 13) and the spray group (BDP using a common nasal spray) ( n = 15). Both treatments were administered twice daily for 4 weeks. A nasal endoscopy evaluation and Total Nasal Symptom Score were performed at baseline and after treatment. The Spray-sol group showed better results than the spray group regarding nasal endoscopy (edema, p < 0.01; irritation, p < 0.01; secretion, p < 0.01) and nasal symptoms (nasal congestion, p < 0.05; rhinorrhea, p < 0.05; sneezing, p < 0.05; and total score, p < 0.05). No side effects were recorded. These data supported the fact that the use of BDP delivered with Spray-sol is more effective than BDP nasal spray in AR patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these encouraging results.

Introduction: Recently, new non-invasive electrical stimulation devices have been developed with the aim to increase the tongue muscle tone for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and snorers. The aim of this study was to provide a review of the first results found in the literature regarding the efficacy of non-invasive electric stimulation devices for the treatment of primary snoring and OSA., Material and Methods: An electronic search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Ovid databases. The PRISMA statement was followed. Databases were searched from inception through September, 2021., Results: Four studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review, for a total of 265 patients. Two devices were included in this review, Apone-Stim 400 Muscle Stimulator and eXciteOSA. All studies suggested that these new devices are effective in improving snoring by approximately 50% after device training, without major complications. However data regarding OSA improvement are conflicting., Conclusions: Intraoral non-invasive electrical stimulation devices can be considered a valid option to current therapies for snoring. Further studies are needed to support these interesting new devices for treatment of OSA., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

To date, the use of barbed sutures for the surgical management of patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea and snoring with retropalatal collapse and vibration has significantly increased. A systematic review was carried out, which included clinical studies that used barbed sutures for the treatment of snoring. A qualitative analysis, including six clinical studies, was conducted. Of these, five were studies on barbed pharyngoplasties, and one study involved a minimally invasive surgical procedure. The population consisted of 176 patients, aged 26 to 58 years old. Overall, the included studies showed a mean gain in the snoring Visual Analog Scale of 5.67 ± 1.88, with a mean preoperative value of 8.35 ± 1.17 and a postoperative value of 2.68 ± 1.27. No major complications were described. Given the lack and heterogeneity of this evidence, the conclusion calls for being cautious. In carefully selected snorers and obstructive sleep apnea patients, the use of barbed sutures could represent a valid therapeutic strategy for snoring, ensuring a statistically significant improvement in the subjective parameters. Further studies on a larger scale that assess the role of barbed pharyngoplasties in snoring surgery and more extended follow-up studies are needed in order to confirm these promising results.