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A prematuridade é um dos fatores que pode interferir no desenvolvimento do vínculo mãe-bebê, pois, muitas vezes configura-se como um acontecimento traumático para a mãe que enfrentará dificuldades inesperadas. Além do que já é observado na experiência da mulher adulta, é necessário estudar a maternidade sob a perspectiva da mãe adolescente diante dessa situação atípica, pois fatores como o intenso processo de transformações que ocorrem nessa fase podem fazê-la vivenciar a maternidade de forma diferente.

In major depression, early response to treatment has been strongly associated with final outcome. We aimed to investigate the ability of early improvement (4 weeks) to predict treatment response at 12 weeks in DSM-IV-defined obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRI). We conducted an SRI practical trial with 128 subjects. Inclusion criteria: age range 18e65 years-old, baseline Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score � 16, and absence of previous adequate pharmacological treatment. Systematic assessments were performed at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. Treatment response at 12 weeks was defined as a 35% or greater reduction in baseline Y-BOCS score. Stepwise logistic regression was used to test the relationship between early improvement and treatment response at 12 weeks, taking into account additional potential predictive factors. Different thresholds of early improvement were tested and their predictive power was calculated. Early improvement, defined as a 20% or greater reduction from baseline Y-BOCS score at 4 weeks, predicted response at 12 weeks with 75.6% sensitivity and 61.9% specificity. According to a logistic regression including demographic and clinical features as explaining variables, early improvement was the best predictor of treatment response (OR ¼ 1.05, p < 0.0001). Only 19.8% of patients who did not improve at 4 weeks were responders after 12 weeks. In contrast, 55.3% of the individuals who showed early improvement were responders at 12 weeks (Pearson Chi-Square ¼ 17.06, p < 0.001). Early improvement predicted OCD treatment response with relatively good sensitivity and specificity, such that its role in early decision-making warrants further investigation in wider samples. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT00680602.

Este estudo originou-se do interesse em investigar a sensibilidade do IRDI-Questionário, adaptação do instrumento IRDI, para detecção de sinais iniciais de TEA (Transtorno de espectro de autismo). O autismo ou TEA caracteriza-se por severos déficits na interação social recíproca, na comunicação e na atividade imaginativa, assim como por padrões repetitivos e limitados de interesses e de comportamentos. Nesse sentido, deve-se ressaltar a indefinição de sua etiologia, pois, se trata de um distúrbio complexo e heterogêneo com graus variados de severidade, resultado provável de uma combinação de fatores ambientais e genéticos. Soma-se à ausência de um marcador biológico a acentuada heterogeneidade das manifestações clínicas do transtorno, daí o conceito de espectro que lhe foi atribuído. Tais condições terão como consequências dificuldades no próprio processo diagnóstico. Isso significa que o diagnóstico do autismo e as condições associadas ainda estão baseados em observações de confluência de anormalidades comportamentais nos campos social, de comunicação, do jogo e da imaginação. É importante pensar que a heterogeneidade do quadro implica que os sintomas podem não se expressar do mesmo modo em todas as crianças, apesar de apresentarem certa regularidade que permite a construção de um diagnóstico. Além disso, algumas crianças vão apresentar sinais de risco desde os primeiros meses de vida e, outras, apresentarão sintomas mais tardios. Nesse contexto, os instrumentos de avaliação são importantes ferramentas de auxílio na avaliação clínica da criança com TEA, sendo que vários pesquisadores ressaltam a importância de se realizarem triagens de crianças de até três anos de idade a fim de propiciar o diagnóstico e a intervenção ainda nos primeiros meses de vida. Com o intuito de instrumentalizar a detecção de sinais iniciais de TEA, diversos pesquisadores têm formulado protocolos com foco em diferentes formas de expressão de tais sinais e os instrumentos especializados para fins de rastreamento/ triagem têm se mostrado eficientes na detecção de sinais iniciais de TEA, além disso, são de fácil e rápida aplicação. Esta pesquisa, portanto, se propôs a investigar a sensibilidade de um instrumento para sinais iniciais de TEA, sendo que, para a investigação, participaram 72 pais de crianças/crianças divididos em 2 (dois) grupos: grupo pesquisa-TEA (32 pais) e grupo controle-típico (40 pais). Para ambos os grupos, foram utilizados o IRDI-Questionário e a CARS-BR, os quais tiverem seus resultados comparados. Utilizou-se o teste de inteligência não verbal SON-R 2½-7 no grupo pesquisa-TEA para controlar a variável DI (deficiência intelectual). Os dados foram submetidos a tratamento estatístico e as análises estatísticas demonstraram que as médias descritas pelo IRDI-Questionário foram diferentes, sendo que os IRDI do grupo TEA (85,09) são, em média, menores que os IRDI do grupo típico (129,32). Os grupos juntos mostraram alta correlação negativa entre os valores do IRDI-Questionário e da CARS-BR. Para o estudo de sensibilidade foi realizada uma análise através da curva ROC, que definiu um ponto de corte do escore gerado pelo instrumento IRDI-Questionário. A sensibilidade do IRDI-Questionário para sinais iniciais de TEA foi de 96,9%, resultado este que também indicou que o instrumento pode ser interessante para um instrumento para o rastreamento da condição estudada. Além do estudo de sensibilidade, apresentou-se, ainda, um breve estudo sobre o conceito de Intersubjetividade e suas rupturas, assim como algumas pesquisas atuais a ele referentes, relacionando-o aos indicadores IRDI e ao TEA. O conceito de intersubjetividade tem sido investigado por vários campos de conhecimento. A Psicologia do desenvolvimento é um desses campos, sendo que diversos autores nos apresentam diferentes interpretações sobre o conceito. Neste trabalho, destacou-se a importância de apresentar o conceito, pois, este guarda uma estreita relação com o autismo This study originated from the interest in investigating the sensitivity of the IRDI - Questionnaire, adaptation of the IRDI instrument to detect early signs of ASD (autism spectrum disorder). Autism or ASD is characterized by severe deficits in reciprocal social interaction, communication and imaginative activity, as well as repetitive and restricted patterns of interest and behavior. His early appearance, profile and chronicity of symptoms are strong arguments for a biological causality, however, not defined a biological indicator present in all cases. In this sense, it should be noted the vagueness of its etiology, because it is a complex and heterogeneous disorder with varying degrees of severity, likely the result of a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Added to the absence of a biomarker a marked heterogeneity of clinical manifestations of the disorder, hence the concept of spectrum allocated to it. Such conditions will have as consequences difficulties in itself diagnostic process. This means that the diagnosis of autism and associated conditions are still based on observations of confluence of behavioral abnormalities in the social, communication, play and imagination. It is important to think that the heterogeneity of the picture implies that the symptoms can not express themselves in the same way in all children, despite having certain regularity that allows the construction of a diagnosis. In addition, some children will show signs of risk in the first months of life, and others, will present the later symptoms. In this context, the assessment tools are important aid tools in the clinical evaluation of children with ASD, and several researchers emphasize the importance of conducting trials of children under three years of age in order to provide diagnosis and intervention still in first months of life. In order to manipulate the detection of initial signs of TEA, many researchers have made agreements with focus on different ways of expressing such signals and specialized tools for tracking / sorting have been shown to be effective in detecting early signs of TEA, moreover, they are quick and easy application. This research therefore aims to investigate the sensitivity of an instrument for early signs of ASD, and for research, participated 72 parents of children / children divided into two (2) groups: research - TEA group ( 32 parents ) and control group - typical (40 parents). For both groups, we used the IRDI - Questionnaire and the CARS-BR, which have their results compared. We used the non-verbal intelligence test SON- R 2½ -7 in the search -TEA group to control the variable DI (intellectual disability). The data were subjected to statistical analysis and statistical analyzes showed that the average described by IRDI - Questionnaire were different, and the IRDI TEA group (85.09) are on average smaller than the typical group IRDI (129, 32). Groups together showed high negative correlation between the values of the IRDI - Questionnaire and the CARS- BR. For the sensitivity study was carried out through an analysis of the ROC curve, it defined a cutoff score generated by IRDI - Questionnaire tool. The sensitivity of the IRDI - Questionnaire for early signs of ASD was 96.9 %, a result which also indicated that the instrument may be interesting to a tool for tracking the condition studied. In addition to the sensitivity analysis presented is also a brief study on the concept of Intersubjectivity and their breaks, as well as some current research relating thereto, relating it to IRDI indicators and TEA. The concept of intersubjectivity has been investigated by several fields of knowledge. Developmental Psychology is one of those fields, and several authors present us with different interpretations of the concept. In this work, we stressed the importance of presenting the concept, because this is closely related to autism

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate demographic and clinical factors associated with the long-term outcome of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: A hundred ninety-six previously untreated patients with DSM-IV criteria OCD completed a 12-week randomized open trial of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) or fluoxetine, followed by 21 months of individualized, uncontrolled treatment, according to international guidelines for OCD treatment. OCD severity was assessed using the Yale–Brown ObsessiveCompulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) at different times over the follow-up period. Demographics and several clinical variables were assessed at baseline. Results: Fifty percent of subjects improved at least 35% from baseline, and 21.3% responded fully (final Y-BOCS score < or = 8). Worse prognosis was associated with earlier age at onset of OCD (P = 0.045), longer duration of illness (P = 0.001) presence of at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder (P = 0.001), comorbidity with a mood disorder (P = 0.002), higher baseline Beck-Depression scores (P = 0.011), positive family history of tics (P = 0.008), and positive family history of anxiety disorders (P = 0.008). Type of initial treatment was not associated with long-term outcome. After correction for multiple testing, the presence of at least one comorbid disorder, the presence of a depressive disorder, and duration of OCD remained significant. Conclusions: Patients under cognitive-behavioral or pharmacological treatment improved continuously in the long run, regardless of initial treatment modality or degree of early response, suggesting that OCD patients benefit from continuous treatment. Psychiatric comorbidity, especially depressive disorders, may impair the long-term outcome of OCD patients. Depression and Anxiety 30:763–772, 2013. C � 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Clinical effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) versus fluoxetine in obsessive-compulsive disorder outpatients that could present additional psychiatric comorbidities was assessed. Patients (18–65 years; baseline Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive-Scale [Y-BOCS] scores ≥ 16; potentially presenting additional psychiatric comorbidities) were sequentially allocated for treatment with GCBT (n = 70) or fluoxetine (n = 88). Mean Y-BOCS scores decreased by 23.13% in the GCBT and 21.54% in the SSRI groups (p = 0.875). Patients presented a mean of 2.7 psychiatric comorbidities, and 81.4% showed at least one additional disorder. A reduction of at least 35% in baseline Y-BOCS scores and CGI ratings of 1 (much better) or 2 (better) was achieved by 33.3% of GCBT patients and 27.7% in the SSRI group (p = 0.463). The Y-BOCS reduction was significantly lower in patients with one or more psychiatric comorbidities (21.15%, and 18.73%, respectively) than in those with pure OCD (34.62%; p = 0.034). Being male, having comorbidity of Major Depression, Social Phobia, or Dysthymia predicted a worse response to both treatments. Response rates to both treatments were similar and lower than reported in the literature, probably due to the broad inclusion criteria and the resulting sample more similar to the real world population.

A pergunta de pesquisa sobre a relação entre o brincar e a fantasia originou-se da confluência entre a prática clínica, especialmente a clínica psicanalítica com crianças, e a pesquisa acadêmica, que tem como desafio vincular Psicanálise e Universidade. Na prática clínica, observávamos o fenômeno do brincar via expressiva e de elaboração através da qual a criança \"coloca em jogo\" seu cotidiano, seu desejo, seu sintoma, seu sofrimento, etc. Essa \"força\" do brincar, na clínica, nos tomou de tal maneira que nos incitou a pensar sobre e empreender uma pesquisa teórica, sem abrir mão do material clínico (as entrevistas AP3) que tínhamos à nossa disposição. No que refere à pesquisa acadêmica, situa-se o trabalho como monitora na pesquisa IRDI (indicadores de risco para o desenvolvimento infantil), da qual foi extraído o material analisado. Este material é composto pelas entrevistas realizadas através do instrumento AP3 (avaliação psicanalítica aos três anos), o qual, por sua vez, foi elaborado com a finalidade de validar o instrumento IRDI. O instrumento AP3 contou com quatro categorias de análise, sendo que elegemos \"O brincar e o estatuto da fantasia\". Poderíamos ter escolhido outra categoria, mas, como assinalado, esta categoria nos capturava também na prática clínica. O primeiro questionamento foi: \"O brincar é um fenômeno restrito à vida fantasística?\". E essa questão foi sendo elaborada de modo a pensar o brincar para além da dimensão expressiva (no sentido de ser via de expressão da fantasia inconsciente), mas também em uma dimensão que denominamos de \"elaborativa\" e isto ia ao encontro daquilo que eu estava estudando sobre a criatividade em Winnicott. Para realizar este estudo, partimos de dois caminhos: (a) Um levantamento bibliográfico, e (b) uma releitura das entrevistas que, apoiada no levantamento bibliográfico realizado, privilegiasse a categoria de análise \"brincar e fantasia\". No primeiro, trabalhamos os três autores que, no campo psicanalítico, dedicaram-se de modo mais extensivo ao tema do brincar Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein e Donald Winnicott , e que, igualmente, também construíram formulações acerca da fantasia, pois, a temática trata da relação entre brincar e fantasia, e não uma investigação dos fenômenos separadamente. Na releitura das entrevistas, tentamos, articulados ao levantamento bibliográfico, discutir: o fort-da, o uso do objeto transicional, o espaço cênico, a representação de \"brincar de ser o outro\" e a inibição no (e do) brincar. Alguns resultados apresentados neste trabalho são: (a) o brincar e a fantasia são fenômenos coincidentes, no entanto, a fantasia não é condição única para o brincar; (b) a qualidade da fantasia depende da qualidade da experiência de ilusão; (c) o brincar possui um lugar; (d) o modo como cada autor pensou a fantasia implica no modo como cada um pensou o brincar; (e) os três autores concordam com a proposição de que o brincar não pertence ao campo do alucinatório, pois, a dimensão da alteridade está presente no brincar: brincar é se relacionar The research question about the relationship between playing and fantasy stemmed from the confluence of clinical practice, especially the psychoanalytic treatment of children, and academic research, which has the challenge of linking psychoanalysis and University. In clinical practice, we observed the phenomenon of play - and expressive way of preparation - through which the child \"puts into play\" their daily lives, their desire, their symptoms, their suffering, etc.. This \"strength\" of playing in the clinic, so we took that prompted us to think about and undertake a theoretical research, without compromising the clinical material (interviews AP3) we had at our disposal. In terms of academic research, the work lies in the research and monitors IRDI (risk indicators for child development), which was extracted from the analyzed material. This material consists of interviews conducted through the instrument AP3 (psychoanalytic assessment at three years), which, in turn, was prepared in order to validate the instrument IRDI. AP3 The instrument had four categories of analysis, and we chose \"The status of play and fantasy.\" We could have chosen another class, but, as noted, this category also captured in clinical practice. The first question was: \"The play is a phenomenon restricted to life fantasmatic?\". And that question was being drafted to think beyond the playing expressive dimension (in the sense of being a means of expression of unconscious fantasy), but also in a dimension that we call \"elaborative\" - and this was a move in what I was studying creativity in Winnicott. To perform this study, we did two ways: (a) a literature review, and (b) a rereading of the interviews, supported by the literature review, analysis privilege the category of \"playing and fantasy.\" At first, the three authors who work in the psychoanalytic field, devoted themselves more extensively the theme of the play - Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott - and that, likewise, formulations also built on fantasy, because the theme addresses the relationship between playing and fantasy, not an investigation of the phenomena separately. In rereading the interviews, we try to articulate the literature, discuss: the fort-da, the use of transitional object, the scenic space, the representation of playing at being the other and the inhibition (and) play. Some results presented in this work are: (a) playing and fantasy are coincident phenomena, however, the fantasy is not a condition unique to the play, (b) the quality of fantasy depends on the quality of the experience of illusion, (c) play has a place, (d) how each author thought the fantasy involves the way each one thought the play, (and) the three authors agree with the proposition that the play does not belong to the realm of hallucination, because the dimension of otherness is present in the play: Play is to relate

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000775423_20150301.pdf: 2148418 bytes, checksum: c1f9255bf325cb7092badd17921ea1d5 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-03-03T12:45:18Z: 000775423_20150301.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:45:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000775423.pdf: 5973935 bytes, checksum: 4c211bb2075b58e6ac765675802ecb19 (MD5) Ligantes N,S-doadores, bem como as fenantrolinas, vêm sendo amplamente utilizados na obtenção de complexos de elevada citotoxicidade. Tendo em vista estas propriedades, esses ligantes foram utilizados na síntese de complexos de paládio(II) com a finalidade de obter compostos com atividade antitumoral. A escolha do metal foi baseada na similaridade entre sua química de coordenação e a da platina(II), cujos complexos, como a cisplatina e a carboplatina, são amplamente utilizados como agentes quimioterápicos. Este trabalho apresenta a síntese de 4 ligantes e 23 complexos de Pd(II), dos quais 18 são inéditos. Os complexos 1-4 apresentam fórmula geral [PdX2(tmdmPz)] {X = Cl, Br, I, SCN; tmdmPz = 3,5-dimetil-1-metiltiocarbamoilpirazol}. Os complexos 5-23 são do tipo [PdCl2(NN)] ou [Pd(NN)(L)2]Cl2 {NN = 1,10-fenantrolina (phen), 4,7-dicloro-1,10-fenantrolina (Cl2-phen), dipirido[3,2-a:2’3’-c]fenazina (dppz), 7-metildipirido[3,2-a:2’3’-c]fenazina (CH3-dppz), 7-clorodipirido[3,2-a:2’3’-c]fenazina (Cl-dppz); L = tioureia (tu), N-metiltioureia (mtu), N,N’-dimetiltioureia (dmtu), N-feniltioureia (ftu)}. A caracterização dos compostos foi feita por espectroscopia na região do IV, RMN de 1H e 13C, análise elementar e condutividade. Os complexos preparados tiveram sua citotoxicidade avaliada frente a células tumorais e alguns ensaios foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar sua possível interação com o DNA e, posteriormente, estabelecer relações estrutura-atividade. Para cada grupo de compostos, testes pertinentes foram realizados. Destacam-se os seguintes experimentos: reação com a guanosina, desenrolamento do DNA, determinação do Kb por espectroscopia UV, deslocamento do brometo de etídio, desnaturação térmica do DNA e coeficiente de partição dos complexos. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que diversos fatores interferem tanto na citotoxicidade quanto na afinidade pelo DNA. Dentre as propriedades mais... The use of N,S-donor ligands, as well as phenanthrolines, has been widely explored in the preparation of complexes with increased cytotoxicity. Thus, these ligands were employed in the synthesis of new palladium(II) complexes with the aim to obtain compounds displaying good antitumor activity. The choice for using this metal was based on the similarity of its coordination chemistry to that of platinum(II) whose compounds, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, are widely used as antitumor agents. This works presents the synthesis of 4 ligands and 23 Pd(II) complexes. Complexes 1-4 have the general formulae [PdX2(tmdmPz)] {X = Cl, Br, I, SCN; tmdmPz = 3,5-dimethyl-1-methylthiocarbamoylpyrazole}. Complexes 5-23 of the type [PdCl2(NN)] or [Pd(NN)(L)2]Cl2 {NN = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline (Cl2-phen), dipyrido[3,2-a:2’3’-c]phenazine (dppz), 7-methyldipyrido[3,2-a:2’3’-c]phenazine (CH3-dppz), 7-chlorodipyrido[3,2-a:2’3’-c]phenazine (Cl-dppz); L = thiourea (tu), N-methylthiourea (mtu), N,N’-dimethylthiourea (dmtu), N-phenilthiourea (ftu)} have been synthesized. These complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis and molar conductivity. The complexes were tested against tumor cell lines. Some studies have been made aiming at evaluating their possible interaction with DNA and to establish preliminary structure-activity relationships. For each group of compounds selected experiments were made, including: reaction with guanosine, DNA unwinding, Kb determination, bromide ethidium displacement, thermal denaturation of DNA and partition coefficient of the complexes. The results indicated that cytotoxicity and also DNA binding affinity are influenced by several factors such as electronic distribution, hydrophobic effects and stereochemistry.

Background Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic condition that normally presents high rates of psychiatric comorbidity. Depression, tic disorders and other anxiety disorders are among the most common comorbidities in OCD adult patients. There is evidence that the higher the number of psychiatric comorbidities, the worse the OCD treatment response. However, little is known about the impact of OCD treatment on the outcome of the psychiatric comorbidities usually present in OCD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of exclusive, conventional treatments for OCD on the outcome of additional psychiatric disorders of OCD patients, detected at baseline. Methods Seventy-six patients with primary OCD admitted to the treatment protocols of the Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program between July 2007 and December 2009 were evaluated at pre-treatment and after 12 months. Data were analyzed to verify possible associations between OCD treatment response and the outcome of psychiatric comorbidities. Results Results showed a significant association between OCD treatment response and improvement of major depression and dysthymia (p-value = 0.002), other anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified) (p-value = 0.054) and tic disorders (p-value = 0.043). Limitations This is an open, non-blinded study, without rating scales for comorbid conditions. Further research is necessary focusing on the possible mechanisms by which OCD treatment could improve these specific disorders. Conclusions Our results suggest that certain comorbid disorders may benefit from OCD-targeted treatment.

This work was designed from the theme of child-play and the statute of fantasy, the theoretical axis of the AP3. It is proposed that the play as a developing route of a particular version concerning the significant related to the construction of the child's own body, to its Otherness and to the world that is presented, as well as the expression of the position of the child as a being in constitution and even a being that (already) is. In its relationship to fantasy - or as a means of phantasmatic expression - the play enables processes of representation and, paradoxically, points to something that resists being represented, although it continues to operate in the psychism. Este trabajo fue diseñado desde el tema del jugar y el estatuto de la fantasía, eje teórico de la AP3. Se propone el jugar como un medio para elaborar una versión particular de los significantes relacionados a la construcción del propio cuerpo delniño, a su Otro y al mundo que se presenta a el, así como expresión de la posición del niño como sujeto en constitución e incluso sujeto que (ya) es. En su relación con la fantasía - o como medio de expresión fantasmática -, el jugar permite procesos de representación y, paradójicamente, apunta a algo que se resiste a ser representado, pero sigue funcionando en la psique. Este trabalho foi concebido a partir da temática sobre o brincar e o estatuto da fantasia, eixo teórico da AP3. Propõe-se o brincar como via de elaboração de uma versão particular acerca dos significantes relacionados à construção do próprio corpo da criança, ao seu Outro e ao mundo que a ela se apresenta, assim como expressão da posição da criança como sujeito em constituição e mesmo sujeito que (já) é. Em sua relação com a fantasia - ou como via de expressão fantasmática -, o brincar viabiliza processos de representação e, paradoxalmente, aponta para algo que resiste a ser representado, mas que continua a atuar no psiquismo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barra_cv_me_araiq.pdf: 3280115 bytes, checksum: d562dbced1d24167c8d53a0a9e51c447 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A quimioterapia é uma das principais formas de combate ao câncer. Sendo assim, muitas pesquisas vêm sendo feitas com o objetivo de desenvolver compostos que solucionem, ou minimizem, os problemas decorrentes deste tipo de tratamento, como os efeitos colaterais e a resistência que as células desenvolvem aos medicamentos. Os pirazóis e seus complexos são conhecidos por possuírem atividade antitumoral, antiinflamatória, antibacteriana e antipirética. Tendo em vista estas propriedades, ligantes pirazólicos foram utilizados na síntese de complexos de paládio(II) com a finalidade de obter compostos com atividade antitumoral. A escolha deste metal foi baseada na similaridade entre sua química de coordenação e a da platina(II), cujos complexos, como a cisplatina e a carboplatina, são amplamente utilizados como agentes antitumorais. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho descreve a síntese, caracterização e avaliação da atividade antitumoral de duas séries de compostos paládio(II) de fórmula geral [PdX2(HdmIPz)2] {HdmIPz = 3,5-dimetil-4-iodopirazol; X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3), SCN (4)} e [PdX2(HmPz)2] {HmPz =4-metilpirazol; X = Cl (5), Br (6), I (7), SCN (8)}. Os compostos foram caracterizados por análise elementar, espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear de 1 H e 13 C{ 1 H}, termogravimetria e análise térmica diferencial. Os complexos sintetizados e os ligantes livres foram submetidos a testes de atividade citotóxica frente a células tumorais murinas. A cisplatina foi usada como droga padrão, sendo submetida às mesmas condições. A citotoxicidade dos compostos 1-4 também foi avaliada frente a macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos Chemotherapy is one of the main methods of treating cancer. Thus, much research has been undertaken with the aim of developing compounds that can solve or minimize the problems caused by this type of treatment, as the side effects and cell resistance. Pyrazoles and their complexes are known to possess antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiamoebic, antibacterial, antipyretic activities. Considering these properties, pyrazole ligands were used in the synthesis of palladium(II) complexes with the aim to obtain compounds displaying antitumor activity. The choice for using this metal was based on the similarity of its coordination chemistry to that of platinum(II) whose compounds, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, are widely used as antitumor agents. In this context, this work describes the synthesis, characterization and investigation of the antitumor activity of two series of palladium(II) complexes of general formulae [PdX2(HdmIPz)2] {HdmIPz = 3,5-dimethyl-4-iodopyrazole; X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3), SCN (4)} e [PdX2(HmPz)2] {HmPz =4-methylpyrazole; X = Cl (5), Br (6), I (7), SCN (8)}. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared vibrational spectroscopy, 1 H and 13 C{ 1 H} nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The complexes and the free ligands were tested for cytotoxic activity against murine tumor cells. Cisplatin was used as standard drug, being subject to the same conditions. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-4 was also evaluated towards peritoneal macrophages of mice

This paper aims to present the problem caused by the emission of hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) in the Tiete River in the city of Pirapora do Bom Jesus, in Sao Paulo State, and also indicates possibilities to im- prove this problems, from two actions: the first is the treatment of water from the Pinheiros River, where there is the aim to divert approximately 40m³/s of polluted water from Tiete River for treatment at the Pinheiros River; the second is the entry into operation of the Small Hydropower Plant Pirapora. It is expected a signifi- cant improvement for the problem of H 2S emission.

The great urban, industrial and agricultural growth of the cities across the Paraiba do Sul river region collaborates to river contamination. Then it is necessary keeping a more rigid river water quality control, considering its importance for the regional economic development. In this study the spatial and temporal water quality and pollution level were characterized. The evaluation was based on water collects from Taubate region during rice cultivation. The results showed that the practice of rice cultivation favored the increase pollution level of the Paraiba do Sul river. The rice cultivation adduced fertilizer and organic matter into the river showing the need for a water rational management depending on fertilization conduct. Palavras-chave: qualidade da agua, nitrogenio, fosforo, controle de poluicao, cultura do arroz inundado. 1. Introducao A agua e o componente mais abundante encontrado na natureza cobrindo aproximadamente ¾ da superficie da terra. Porem, alguns fatores limitam a quantidade de agua disponivel para o consumo humano tais como, falta de planejamento dos espacos urbanos e industriais, o uso inadequado da agua e a poluicao. O inicio do crescimento industrial no Vale do Paraiba foi de grande importância para o crescimento regional, assim como tambem foi responsavel por grandes impactos no Rio Paraiba do Sul. O crescimento, alem de ocorrer rapidamente, localizou-se principalmente ao longo do eixo do rio, o que facilitou a utilizacao inadequada e abundante da agua e o despejo de esgotos e efluentes. De acordo com a CETESB (2009) a poluicao das aguas e gerada por tres fatores:  efluentes domesticos (poluentes orgânicos biodegradaveis, nutrientes e bacterias);  efluentes industriais (poluentes orgânicos e inorgânicos, dependendo da atividade industrial);  carga difusa agricola e urbana (poluentes advindos da drenagem destas areas: fertilizantes, defensivos agricolas, fezes de animais e material em suspensao).

Few case series studies have addressed the issue of treatment response in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and there are no prospective studies addressing response to conventional treatment in OCD patients with a history of trauma (HT). The present study aimed to investigate, prospectively, the impact of HT or PTSD on two systematic, first-line treatments for OCD. Two hundred and nineteen non-treatment-resistant OCD outpatients were treated with either group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT n = 147) or monotherapy with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI n = 72). Presence of HT and PTSD were assessed at intake, as part of a broader clinical and demographical baseline characterization of the sample. Severity and types of OCD symptoms were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and the Dimensional YBOCS (DYBOCS), respectively. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Both treatments had 12-week duration. Treatment response was considered as a categorical [35% or greater reduction in baseline YBOCS scores plus a Clinical Global Impression-Improvement rating of better (2) or much better (1)] and continuous variable (absolute number reduction in baseline YBOCS scores). Treatment response was compared between the OCD + HT group versus the OCD without HT group and between the OCD + PTSD group versus the OCD without PTSD group. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used when indicated. Data on HT and PTSD were available for 215 subjects. Thirty-eight subjects (17.67% of the whole sample) had a positive HT (OCD + HT group) and 22 subjects (57.89% of the OCD + HT group and 10.23% of the whole sample) met full DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. The OCD + HT and OCD without HT groups presented similar response to GCBT (60% of responders in the first group and 63% of responders in the second group, p = 1.00). Regarding SSRI treatment, the difference between the response of the OCD + HT (47.4%) and OCD without HT (22.2%) groups was marginally significant (p = 0.07). In addition, the OCD + PTSD group presented a greater treatment response than the OCD without PTSD group when treatment response was considered as a continuous variable (p = 0.01). The age when the first trauma occurred had no impact on treatment response. In terms of specific OCD symptom dimensions, as measured by the DYBOCS, OCD treatment fostered greater reductions for the OCD + PTSD group than for the OCD without PTSD group in the scores of contamination obsessions and cleaning compulsions, collecting and hoarding and miscellaneous obsessions and related compulsions (including illness concerns and mental rituals, among others). The OCD + PTSD group also presented a greater reduction in anxiety scores than the OCD without PTSD group (p = 0.003). The presence of HT or PTSD was not related to a poorer treatment response in this sample of non-treatment-resistant OCD patients. Unexpectedly, OCD patients with PTSD presented a greater magnitude of response when compared with OCD without PTSD patients in specific OCD symptom dimensions. Future studies are needed to clarify if trauma and PTSD have a more significant impact on the onset and clinical expression of OCD than on the conventional treatment for this condition, and whether OCD stemming from trauma would constitute a subtype of OCD with a distinct response to conventional treatment.

This work was designed from the theme of child-play and the statute of fantasy, the theoretical axis of the AP3. It is proposed that the play as a developing route of a particular version concerning the significant related to the construction of the child's own body, to its Otherness and to the world that is presented, as well as the expression of the position of the child as a being in constitution and even a being that (already) is. In its relationship to fantasy - or as a means of phantasmatic expression - the play enables processes of representation and, paradoxically, points to something that resists being represented, although it continues to operate in the psychism.

Submitted by NATHÁLIA ARIANE THOMAZELLA null (nathitwo@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-21T17:37:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação (Nathália).pdf: 4045530 bytes, checksum: e9fac0b681109a5136d286ff4f22de4e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-22T18:46:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 thomazella_na_me_araiq_par.pdf: 1398038 bytes, checksum: 79992833b82177cdd139f83ffde957e4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T18:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thomazella_na_me_araiq_par.pdf: 1398038 bytes, checksum: 79992833b82177cdd139f83ffde957e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A descoberta das propriedades antitumorais do composto cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2], conhecido como cisplatina, colocou o uso de compostos de coordenação em evidência nas aplicações medicinais. Desde então, a comunidade cientifica se empenha para encontrar compostos de coordenação que possuam um espectro de atividade mais amplo e que apresentem menos efeitos adversos do que a cisplatina. A escolha do paládio como centro metálico se baseia no fato de possuírem similaridade com a química de coordenação da platina. O trabalho apresenta quatro novos complexos de Pd(II), sintetizados partindo-se do precursor [PdCl2(MeCN)2] com o ligante N-Metil-2-[4-(4-hidróxifenil)butan-2-ilideno]hidrazina-1-carbotioamida (FMTSC), trifenilfosfina e os íons Cl-, I-, SCN- e N3-, formando assim os complexos [PdCl(FMTSC)(PPh3)]Cl (1), [PdI(FMTSC)(PPh3)]Cl (2), [Pd(SCN)(FMTSC)(PPh3)]Cl (3) e [Pd(N3)(FMTSC)(PPh3)] (4). Todos os complexos foram isolados, purificados e caracterizados por análise elementar, espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear de 1D e 2 D, análise termogravimétrica e espectrometria de massa. Os dados experimentais sugerem que, em todos os casos, a coordenação do ligante FMTSC ocorreu através do átomo de enxofre do grupo tiocarbonila e pelo nitrogênio azometínico. Os dados de ressonância magnética nuclear para os complexos 1-3 apresentam o sinal do hidrogênio hidrazínico, mostrando coordenação com o ligante neutro. Já no complexo 4, a ausência deste sinal mostra a desprotonação do ligante. Em todos os compostos foi confirmada a presença de dois conjuntos de sinais para os núcleos de 1H e 13C, indicando a presença de duas espécies em solução (a/b). Os complexos tiveram sua citotoxicidade investigada, in vitro, pelo método do MTT frente linhagem de células tumorais MCF-7 – adenocarcinoma mamário humano, com resultados promissores para os complexos que mostraram valores de IC50 na faixa 0,73-1,28 µM contra 19,60 µM da cisplatina. The discovery of the antitumor properties of the compound cis- [PtCl2(NH3)2], known as cisplatin, put in evidence the use of coordination compounds in evidence in medicinal applications. Since then, intense efforts have been undertaken to find coordination compounds that have a broader spectrum of activity with less adverse effects than cisplatin. The choice of palladium as the metal center is based on the fact that it has similarity with the platinum coordination chemistry. This work presents four new complexes of Pd (II), synthesized starting from the precursor [PdCl2(MeCN)2] with ligand N-Methyl-2-[4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)butan-2-ylidene]hydrazine-1-Carbothioamide (FMTSC), triphenylphosphine and the ions (Cl-, I-, SCN- and N3-), thus forming the complex [PdCl(FMTSC)(PPh3)]Cl (1), [PDI(FMTSC)(PPh3)]Cl (2), [Pd(SCN)(FMTSC)(PPh3)]Cl (3) and [Pd(N3)(FMTSC)(PPh3)] (4). All complexes were isolated, purified and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared vibrational spectroscopy, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and mass espectrimetry. The experimental data suggest that, in all cases, the FMTSC coordinates through the sulfur atom of the thiocarbonyl group and the azomethynic nitrogen. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra for complexes 1-3 show the presence of the hydrazinic hydrogen signal, indicating that the ligand behaves as neutral ligand coordination with the neutral ligand. For complex 4, the absence of this signal suggests the deprotonation of the ligand. In all the compounds it was verified the presence of two sets of signals for 1H and 13C nuclei, indicating the existence of two species in solution (a/b). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the complexes was investigated, by MTT method against line of MCF-7 tumor cells - human mammary adenocarcinoma, with promising IC50 values in the range 0,73-1,28 uM against 19,60 uM of cisplatin.