19 results on '"Carpenter, Laura Arnstein"'
Search Results
2. Prevalence of Physical and Mental Health Conditions in Medicare-Enrolled, Autistic Older Adults
- Author
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Hand, Brittany N., Angell, Amber M., Harris, Lauren, and Carpenter, Laura Arnstein
- Abstract
While there is emerging evidence on the prevalence of physical and mental health conditions among autistic adults, less is known about this population's needs during older adulthood (aged 65+). We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective cohort study of 2016-2017 Medicare data to compare the prevalence of physical and mental health conditions in a national sample of autistic older adults (N = 4685) to a matched population comparison (N = 46,850) cohort. Autistic older adults had significantly greater odds of nearly all physical health conditions including epilepsy (odds ratio = 18.9; 95% confidence interval = 17.2-20.7), Parkinson's disease (odds ratio = 6.1; 95% confidence interval = 5.3-7.0), and gastrointestinal conditions (odds ratio = 5.2; 95% confidence interval = 4.9-5.5). Most mental health conditions were more common among autistic older adults, including schizophrenia and psychotic disorders (odds ratio = 25.3; 95% confidence interval = 22.4-28.7), attention deficit disorders (odds ratio = 24.4; 95% confidence interval = 16.2-31.0), personality disorders (odds ratio = 24.1; 95% confidence interval = 17.8-32.5), and suicidality or self-inflicted injury (odds ratio = 11.1; 95% confidence interval = 8.9-13.8). Health conditions commonly associated with advanced age in the general population (e.g. osteoporosis, cognitive disorders, heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, osteoarthritis) were also significantly more common among autistic older adults. By highlighting the significant physical and mental health needs for which autistic older adults require care, our findings can inform healthcare systems, healthcare providers, and public health initiatives seeking to promote well-being in this growing population.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Implications of Parent-Reported Emotional and Behavioral Problems on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers
- Author
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Christopher, Kourtney, Bishop, Somer, Carpenter, Laura Arnstein, Warren, Zachary, and Kanne, Stephen
- Subjects
Pervasive developmental disorders -- Diagnosis -- Development and progression -- Demographic aspects ,Parents -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes ,Toddlers -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Studies have shown that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) screening and diagnostic instruments may be affected by the presence of emotional and behavior problems (EBPs). This study assessed the impact of EBPs on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F). Participants included 290 children, 18-48 months of age, referred for ASD-related concerns. Those diagnosed with ASD had significantly lower externalizing EBPs compared to those who were not diagnosed with ASD. More externalizing symptoms and younger age were significantly predictive of an M-CHAT-R/F final score. Sensitivity and specificity was impacted by the age of the child. These results suggest that combining measures that assess EBPs and autism core symptoms may improve accuracy in this referred population., Author(s): Kourtney Christopher [sup.1] [sup.5] , Somer Bishop [sup.2] , Laura Arnstein Carpenter [sup.3] , Zachary Warren [sup.4] , Stephen Kanne [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.134936.a, 0000 0001 2162 3504, [...]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. 84 - Observational Assessment in Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics
- Author
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Klein, Jordan Ezell and Carpenter, Laura Arnstein
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Racial/ethnic disparities in the identification of children with autism spectrum disorders
- Author
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Mandell, David S., Wiggins, Lisa D., Carpenter, Laura Arnstein, Daniels, Julie, DiGuiseppi, Carolyn, Durkin, Maureen S., Giarelli, Ellen, Morrier, Michael J., Nicholas, Joyce S., Pinto-Martin, Jennifer A., Shattuck, Paul T., Thomas, Kathleen C., Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn, and Kirby, Russell S.
- Subjects
Autism -- Demographic aspects ,Autism -- Research ,Autism -- Genetic aspects ,Government ,Health care industry - Abstract
Objectives. We sought to examine racial and ethnic disparities in the recognition of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Methods. Within a multisite network, 2568 children aged 8 years were identified as meeting surveillance criteria for ASD through abstraction of evaluation records from multiple sources. Through logistic regression with random effects for site, we estimated the association between race/ethnicity and documented ASD, adjusting for gender, IQ, birthweight, and maternal education. Results. Fifty-eight percent of children had a documented autism spectrum disorder. In adjusted analyses, children who were Black (odds ratio [OR]=0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.64, 0.96), Hispanic (OR=0.76; CI=0.56, 0.99), or of other race/ethnicity (OR=0.65; CI=0.43, 0.97) were less likely than were White children to have a documented ASD. This disparity persisted for Black children, regardless of IQ, and was concentrated for children of other ethnicities when IQ was lower than 70. Conclusions. Significant racial/ethnic dispatrities exist in the recognition of ASD. For some children in some racial/ethnic groups, the presence of intellectual disability may affect professionals' further assessment of developmental delay. Our findings suggest the need for continued professional education related to the heterogeneity of the presentation of ASD. (doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.131243)
- Published
- 2009
6. Contributors
- Author
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Albee, May V., Angkustsiri, Kathleen, Anoshiravani, Arash, Ansel, David Alan, Anthony, Tanni L., Armstrong-Brine, Melissa, Arruda, Jenna, Rosenbaum Asarnow, Joan, Augustyn, Marilyn, Baker II, Peter, Bandini, Linda G., Barbaresi, William J., Barnett, W. Steven, Bassingthwaite, Brenda, Bassitt, Brittany S., Batt, Courtney E., Baum, Rebecca A., Baumer, Fiona M., Becker, Ronald E., Beckwith, Anna Malia, Beers, Nathaniel S., Bellinger, David C., Bennett, Amanda E., Blankenship, Kelly, Blum, Nathan J., Boog, Kristen, Boynton-Jarrett, Renée, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Brennan-Krohn, Zoe, Brochier, Annelise, Brooks, Shalonda, Brown, Mariah, Brown, Michelle R., Brunt, Sophie, Burkhart, Kimberly, Bush, Nicole R., Butter, Eric M., Buyers, Eliza, Canfield, Caitlin F., Carpenter, Laura Arnstein, Cavanaugh, Kaitlyn, Cawkwell, Philip B., Chen, Diane, Chesley, Gayle, Clark, Marie A., Coan, Elizabeth, Cohen, Shereen J., Coleman, Cara, Corbett, Sean T., Cormier II, DePorres, Coyne, Claire A., Crouse, Catherine, Curtin, Carol, Davis, Beth Ellen, Davis, Katie, Davis, Shanlee, Demaria, Thomas, Dempsey, Allison G., Devine, Katie A., DeWitt, Mary Beth, Diab, Liliane, Dietz, Irene Cihon, Dubow, Elizabeth, Dubner, Sarah E., Duby, John C., Duis, Jessica, Elansary, Mei, Elias, Ellen Roy, Enriquez, Janice, Enzenauer, Robert W., Erisman, Shannon, Eschbach, Krista, Klein, Jordan Ezell, Fehr, Karla K., Feldman, Heidi M., Fishbein, Lauren B., Fogler, Jason M., Frank, Deborah A., Friedman, Sandra L., Friedman, Sarah L., Fristad, Mary A., Gaab, Nadine, Gilgoff, Rachel Lee, Gonzalez, R. Emily, Good, Julie, Gray, Susan Hayden, Greathouse, A. Dawn, Hagerman, Randi, Hall, Eleanore M., Hall, Howard, Halpern-Felsher, Bonnie, Hamilton, Sarah A., Hansen, Robin L., Hassink, Sandra G., Hauptman, Marissa, Hawes, Katheleen, Hazen, Rebecca A., Hergenroeder, Albert, Herrera, Jenniffer, Hickey, Francis, High, Pamela, Hocking, Matthew C., Hostutler, Cody A., Howell, Susan, Huffman, Lynne C., Hughes-Scalise, Abby, Hyman, Susan L., Ingram, Kida, Iyengar, Sandhyaa, Jackel, Carissa R., Jalalizadeh, Bayan, Jimenez, Manuel E., Julian, Megan M., Kahn, Colleen, Keder, Robert D., Keeshin, Brooks, Kelly, M. Kathleen, Kelminson, Karen, Khetani, Mary A., Kiley, Bridget, Kim, Judy Lu, Kinser, Patricia A., Kirkwood, Michael W., Knight, John R., Knotowicz, Holly, Kochhar, Aaina, Koshy, Anson J., Kral, Mary C., Krebs, Nancy F., Krueger, Casey E., Kruger, Jeremy, Kupzyk, Sara, Kwok, Gary, Landrigan, Philip J., Larson, Austin, Lazaro, Adrienne, Ledesma, Michele, Leff, Stephen S., Leikauf, John E., O'Connor Leppert, Mary L., Leraas, Bethany, Loe, Irene M., Lumeng, Julie C., Macias, Michelle M., Magnusson, Dawn M., Malik, Fatima, Mancini, Kathryn, Mann, Kilby, Marquardt, Melissa, Marwaha, Raman, Mazurek, Micah, McDaniel, Susan H., McDonald, Eric, McGuinn, Laura Joan, Meeks, Naomi J.L., Mehlenbeck, Robyn, Mendelsohn, Alan L., Messick, Cheryl, Mink, Jonathan W., Mintz, Laura J., Mizner, Susan, Monteiro, Sonia A., Mood, Deborah, Moore, Jessica, Moyer, Sara W., Mueller, Claudia M., Mulé, Christina, Munzer, Tiffany, Murphy, Nancy, Murray, Caitlin B., Murray, Marsheena, Myers, Brittany R., Nadler, Cy, Needlman, Robert, Okamoto, Jeffrey, Oleszek, Joyce, O'Rourke, Sara, Owens, Judith A., Palat, Padmini, Palermo, Tonya M., Parris, Craig J., Patel, Jessica, Pereira-Smith, Silvia, Perrin, Hannah, Pesch, Megan Honor, Peterson, Jaime W., Phelps, Randall, Pickler, Laura, Powell, Aaron, Prock, Lisa, Puente, Michael A., Pugatch, Marianne, Rabot, Jamie T., Ramirez, Lisa, Rappaport, Leonard A., Rathbun, Jennifer M., Ratliff-Schaub, Karen, Reggiani, Shelly, Reilly, Marie, Reitmeyer, Dillon, Restrepo, Bibiana, Vazquez, Luis A. Rivas, Robins, Paul M., Roby, Erin, Roizen, Nancy J., Ros-DeMarize, Rosmary, Rouch, Erica Fornaris, Rusnak, Suzanne Cushwa, Sajwani, Afiya, Salisbury, Amy L., Sanders, Benjamin W., Sandesara, Ishani, Santucci, Kourtney, Scholnick, Ellin K., Schonfeld, David J., Schonwald, Alison, Schwartz, Justin Charles, Schwarz, Brittany L., Scott-Mordhorst, Tina, Seeley, Kylie M.L., Shabason, Emily K., Shaffer, Laura A., Shahidullah, Jeffrey D., Shelkowitz, Emily, Shepard, Jaclyn A., Simon, Kevin M., Slaymaker, Kristen, Smith, Peter J., Sourkes, Barbara, Speer, Leslie, Spelbrink, Emily M., Spinks-Franklin, Adiaha, Spitalnik, Deborah M., Stager, Margaret, Stancin, Terry, Stanger, Meg, Stearns, Walter H., Stillwell, Terri, Takamatsu, Stephanie K., Tartaglia, Nicole, Thompson, Talia, Tlustos, Sarah J., Tridas, Eric, Trojanowski, Paige J., Troy, Elizabeth, Tudor, Megan E., Valenzuela-Araujo, Doris, Scoyoc, Amanda Van, Vanderbilt, Douglas L., Simpson, Jessica VanOrmer, Voigt, Robert G., Waanders, Christine, Wallis, Kate E., Weissman, Laura, Weitzman, Carol, Wigby, Kristen, Winder-Patel, Breanna M., Wissow, Larry, Wright, Kara K., Yang, Michele, Yarnell Bonino, Angela, Yarus, Mary, Yeh, Ann Ming, Yilanli, Musa, Zinner, Samuel H., Zorrilla, Marcia, Zuckerman, Barry, Zuckerman, Katharine E., and Zullo, Lucas
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The Implications of Parent-Reported Emotional and Behavioral Problems on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers
- Author
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Christopher, Kourtney, primary, Bishop, Somer, additional, Carpenter, Laura Arnstein, additional, Warren, Zachary, additional, and Kanne, Stephen, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Prevalence of physical and mental health conditions in Medicare-enrolled, autistic older adults
- Author
-
Hand, Brittany N, primary, Angell, Amber M, additional, Harris, Lauren, additional, and Carpenter, Laura Arnstein, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. ASD symptoms in toddlers and preschoolers: An examination of sex differences
- Author
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Ros‐Demarize, Rosmary, primary, Bradley, Catherine, additional, Kanne, Stephen M., additional, Warren, Zachary, additional, Boan, Andrea, additional, Lajonchere, Clara, additional, Park, Justine, additional, and Carpenter, Laura Arnstein, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Emergency department utilization and monetary charges in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and a population comparison group
- Author
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Hand, Brittany N., primary, Boan, Andrea D., additional, Bradley, Catherine C., additional, Charles, Jane M., additional, and Carpenter, Laura Arnstein, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Ambulatory Care Sensitive Admissions in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Population Controls
- Author
-
Hand, Brittany N., primary, Boan, Andrea D., additional, Bradley, Catherine C., additional, Charles, Jane M., additional, and Carpenter, Laura Arnstein, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Prevalence of physical and mental health conditions in Medicare-enrolled, autistic older adults.
- Author
-
Hand, Brittany N, Angell, Amber M, Harris, Lauren, and Carpenter, Laura Arnstein
- Subjects
EPILEPSY risk factors ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,SCHIZOPHRENIA risk factors ,RISK factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,AUTISM ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,GASTROINTESTINAL diseases ,HEALTH status indicators ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MEDICARE ,PARKINSON'S disease ,PERSONALITY disorders ,PSYCHOSES ,SELF-mutilation ,WELL-being ,SUICIDAL ideation ,CROSS-sectional method ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio ,DISEASE complications ,DISEASE risk factors ,OLD age - Abstract
While there is emerging evidence on the prevalence of physical and mental health conditions among autistic adults, less is known about this population's needs during older adulthood (aged 65+). We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective cohort study of 2016–2017 Medicare data to compare the prevalence of physical and mental health conditions in a national sample of autistic older adults (N = 4685) to a matched population comparison (N = 46,850) cohort. Autistic older adults had significantly greater odds of nearly all physical health conditions including epilepsy (odds ratio = 18.9; 95% confidence interval = 17.2–20.7), Parkinson's disease (odds ratio = 6.1; 95% confidence interval = 5.3–7.0), and gastrointestinal conditions (odds ratio = 5.2; 95% confidence interval = 4.9–5.5). Most mental health conditions were more common among autistic older adults, including schizophrenia and psychotic disorders (odds ratio = 25.3; 95% confidence interval = 22.4–28.7), attention deficit disorders (odds ratio = 24.4; 95% confidence interval = 16.2–31.0), personality disorders (odds ratio = 24.1; 95% confidence interval = 17.8–32.5), and suicidality or self-inflicted injury (odds ratio = 11.1; 95% confidence interval = 8.9–13.8). Health conditions commonly associated with advanced age in the general population (e.g. osteoporosis, cognitive disorders, heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, osteoarthritis) were also significantly more common among autistic older adults. By highlighting the significant physical and mental health needs for which autistic older adults require care, our findings can inform healthcare systems, healthcare providers, and public health initiatives seeking to promote well-being in this growing population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. ASD symptoms in toddlers and preschoolers: An examination of sex differences.
- Author
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Ros‐Demarize, Rosmary, Bradley, Catherine, Kanne, Stephen M., Warren, Zachary, Boan, Andrea, Lajonchere, Clara, Park, Justine, and Carpenter, Laura Arnstein
- Abstract
Although considerable work has documented higher prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in boys, fewer studies have focused on sex differences within samples of young children at‐risk for ASD. This study examined sex differences in ASD symptom domains and ASD screening outcomes among toddlers (18–35 months) and preschoolers (36–72 months) with ASD‐related concerns. Participants included 480 children between 18 and 72 months evaluated by university‐based ASD specialty clinics. Results revealed significant sex differences in severity of social communication (SC) deficits across age groups. Within the toddler group, girls diagnosed with ASD displayed greater SC deficits according to standardized observation and clinician severity ratings. Within the preschool group, girls diagnosed with ASD were rated by parents as having more severe SC deficits, but these differences were not corroborated by standardized observations or clinician ratings. No sex differences emerged for severity of restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) for either age group. Across the entire referred sample, boys and girls did not differ in terms of scores on commonly used screening instruments. Importantly, results suggest that two of the most commonly used ASD screeners (i.e., Modified‐Checklist for Autism in Toddlers‐Revised with Follow‐up and Social Communication Questionnaire) may underidentify RRBs in toddler and preschool‐aged girls as screening scores were only influenced by severity of SC deficits. Greater SC deficits in young girls with ASD along with its impact on screening status suggests greater attention be placed on the under‐identification of ASD in girls as well as current screening measures' ability to tap into the topography of ASD symptoms across genders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 157–166. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary: In this study, we found that young girls diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder tend to have greater social communication deficits than young boys and that these differences vary by age. Specifically, toddler‐aged girls receive higher clinician ratings of social communication deficits when compared to boys, while preschool‐aged girls receive higher parent ratings of social communication deficits. For girls, current screening tools seem to be more highly influenced by severity of social communication deficits than by restricted repetitive behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Screening in toddlers and preschoolers at risk for autism spectrum disorder: Evaluating a novel mobile-health screening tool
- Author
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Kanne, Stephen M., primary, Carpenter, Laura Arnstein, additional, and Warren, Zachary, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Ambulatory Care Sensitive Admissions in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Population Controls.
- Author
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Hand, Brittany N., Boan, Andrea D., Bradley, Catherine C., Charles, Jane M., and Carpenter, Laura Arnstein
- Abstract
Ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) admissions are those for which effective primary care can prevent the need for emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient hospitalizations, and are an indicator of primary care access. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or intellectual disability (ID) may be at higher risk for ACS admissions than individuals in the general population due to difficulty accessing primary care. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of ACS admissions among four cohorts of individuals aged 2–24 years: ASD without co‐occurring ID (ASD‐only), ASD with co‐occurring ID (ASD + ID), ID without ASD (ID‐only), and population controls (PC). Data from ED visits and inpatient hospitalizations occurring between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015 were examined to identify ACS admissions. Generalized linear models were used to examine differences between cohorts on the number of ACS ED visits and inpatient hospitalizations. Results revealed the ASD + ID and ID‐only cohorts had significantly higher rates of ACS inpatient hospitalizations than the PC cohort. Additionally, the ID‐only cohort had higher rates of ACS ED visits than the PC cohort. The ASD‐only and PC cohorts did not differ on incidence of ACS admissions. These findings suggest that presence of an ID with or without co‐occurring ASD increased the risk for ACS inpatient hospitalizations, and presence of ID‐only increased the risk for ACS ED visits. Future work should examine trajectories of ACS admissions over time and consider inclusion of additional characteristics that may elucidate reasons for differences in ACS admissions among these groups. Autism Res 2019, 12: 295–302 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary: Preventable hospitalizations are a common indicator of problems with access to quality primary healthcare. Findings of this study suggest that individuals with intellectual disability, with or without autism spectrum disorder, have higher rates of preventable hospitalizations than the general population. Further research is needed to understand how to improve access to primary care and reduce preventable hospitalizations for this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Asperger's Syndrome and High-Functioning Autism.
- Author
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Carpenter, Laura Arnstein, Soorya, Latha, and Halpern, Danielle
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Prevalence of physical and mental health conditions in Medicare-enrolled, autistic older adults.
- Author
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Hand BN, Angell AM, Harris L, and Carpenter LA
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, United States epidemiology, Autistic Disorder epidemiology, Medicare statistics & numerical data, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Mental Health statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
While there is emerging evidence on the prevalence of physical and mental health conditions among autistic adults, less is known about this population's needs during older adulthood (aged 65+). We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective cohort study of 2016-2017 Medicare data to compare the prevalence of physical and mental health conditions in a national sample of autistic older adults (N = 4685) to a matched population comparison (N = 46,850) cohort. Autistic older adults had significantly greater odds of nearly all physical health conditions including epilepsy (odds ratio = 18.9; 95% confidence interval = 17.2-20.7), Parkinson's disease (odds ratio = 6.1; 95% confidence interval = 5.3-7.0), and gastrointestinal conditions (odds ratio = 5.2; 95% confidence interval = 4.9-5.5). Most mental health conditions were more common among autistic older adults, including schizophrenia and psychotic disorders (odds ratio = 25.3; 95% confidence interval = 22.4-28.7), attention deficit disorders (odds ratio = 24.4; 95% confidence interval = 16.2-31.0), personality disorders (odds ratio = 24.1; 95% confidence interval = 17.8-32.5), and suicidality or self-inflicted injury (odds ratio = 11.1; 95% confidence interval = 8.9-13.8). Health conditions commonly associated with advanced age in the general population (e.g. osteoporosis, cognitive disorders, heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, osteoarthritis) were also significantly more common among autistic older adults. By highlighting the significant physical and mental health needs for which autistic older adults require care, our findings can inform healthcare systems, healthcare providers, and public health initiatives seeking to promote well-being in this growing population.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. ASD symptoms in toddlers and preschoolers: An examination of sex differences.
- Author
-
Ros-Demarize R, Bradley C, Kanne SM, Warren Z, Boan A, Lajonchere C, Park J, and Carpenter LA
- Subjects
- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis, Autism Spectrum Disorder physiopathology, Communication, Social Behavior
- Abstract
Although considerable work has documented higher prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in boys, fewer studies have focused on sex differences within samples of young children at-risk for ASD. This study examined sex differences in ASD symptom domains and ASD screening outcomes among toddlers (18-35 months) and preschoolers (36-72 months) with ASD-related concerns. Participants included 480 children between 18 and 72 months evaluated by university-based ASD specialty clinics. Results revealed significant sex differences in severity of social communication (SC) deficits across age groups. Within the toddler group, girls diagnosed with ASD displayed greater SC deficits according to standardized observation and clinician severity ratings. Within the preschool group, girls diagnosed with ASD were rated by parents as having more severe SC deficits, but these differences were not corroborated by standardized observations or clinician ratings. No sex differences emerged for severity of restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) for either age group. Across the entire referred sample, boys and girls did not differ in terms of scores on commonly used screening instruments. Importantly, results suggest that two of the most commonly used ASD screeners (i.e., Modified-Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised with Follow-up and Social Communication Questionnaire ) may underidentify RRBs in toddler and preschool-aged girls as screening scores were only influenced by severity of SC deficits. Greater SC deficits in young girls with ASD along with its impact on screening status suggests greater attention be placed on the under-identification of ASD in girls as well as current screening measures' ability to tap into the topography of ASD symptoms across genders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 157-166. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In this study, we found that young girls diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder tend to have greater social communication deficits than young boys and that these differences vary by age. Specifically, toddler-aged girls receive higher clinician ratings of social communication deficits when compared to boys, while preschool-aged girls receive higher parent ratings of social communication deficits. For girls, current screening tools seem to be more highly influenced by severity of social communication deficits than by restricted repetitive behaviors., (© 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Ambulatory Care Sensitive Admissions in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Population Controls.
- Author
-
Hand BN, Boan AD, Bradley CC, Charles JM, and Carpenter LA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Young Adult, Ambulatory Care methods, Ambulatory Care statistics & numerical data, Autism Spectrum Disorder epidemiology, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Intellectual Disability epidemiology
- Abstract
Ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) admissions are those for which effective primary care can prevent the need for emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient hospitalizations, and are an indicator of primary care access. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or intellectual disability (ID) may be at higher risk for ACS admissions than individuals in the general population due to difficulty accessing primary care. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of ACS admissions among four cohorts of individuals aged 2-24 years: ASD without co-occurring ID (ASD-only), ASD with co-occurring ID (ASD + ID), ID without ASD (ID-only), and population controls (PC). Data from ED visits and inpatient hospitalizations occurring between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015 were examined to identify ACS admissions. Generalized linear models were used to examine differences between cohorts on the number of ACS ED visits and inpatient hospitalizations. Results revealed the ASD + ID and ID-only cohorts had significantly higher rates of ACS inpatient hospitalizations than the PC cohort. Additionally, the ID-only cohort had higher rates of ACS ED visits than the PC cohort. The ASD-only and PC cohorts did not differ on incidence of ACS admissions. These findings suggest that presence of an ID with or without co-occurring ASD increased the risk for ACS inpatient hospitalizations, and presence of ID-only increased the risk for ACS ED visits. Future work should examine trajectories of ACS admissions over time and consider inclusion of additional characteristics that may elucidate reasons for differences in ACS admissions among these groups. Autism Res 2019, 12: 295-302 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Preventable hospitalizations are a common indicator of problems with access to quality primary healthcare. Findings of this study suggest that individuals with intellectual disability, with or without autism spectrum disorder, have higher rates of preventable hospitalizations than the general population. Further research is needed to understand how to improve access to primary care and reduce preventable hospitalizations for this vulnerable population., (© 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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