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ABSTRACT Despite the high variability of the precipitation regime characterizing the Mediterranean area, the records of rainfall depth are usually not appropriate for long-term calculations of erosivity and soil losses, because they do not reveal details of short lengths or long durations (daily, monthly). In this work, we present a simple approach to calculate annual erosivity through monthly precipitation records. The study area (olive groves on steep slopes) has a high erosion risk associated to the main soil land use, combined with an irregular and erosive rainfall regime. The relationships between rainfall data at intervals of 10 min for a period of 3 years, daily rainfall records over 10 years and a long-term monthly dataset of 60 years were checked to calculate the annual erosivity values through daily data, Fourier's index and modified Fourier's index values. A good, adjusted linear relationship between modified Fourier's index and the erosivity was found, which allowed us to optimize the use of the 60-year monthly data series and to carry out a long-term analysis of the erosivity quantiles in the study area. The estimated mean erosivity showed a return period of between 2 and 5 years and a variation coefficient of over 50 per cent, which illustrate its high variability and frequency. This approach to calculate erosivity and the use of quantiles could be applied in other areas with month-long data series in order to study and model the erosion risk using suitable temporal periods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a study of the profiles of different phenolic compounds (anthocyanins, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids and stilbenes) of five minor red grape varieties from the Spanish region of Castilla-La Mancha (Bobal, Moravia Agria, Moravia Dulce, Rojal and Tortosí) and a traditional variety from this growing region (Cencibel) as reference. Grape skin extracts of each variety were analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD). The content of grape skins in anthocyanins (21.1-453 mg kg), flavonols (26.9-288 mg kg) and hydroxycinnamic acids (6.80-18.2 mg kg) showed differences according to mainly varietal origin, although other important factors have to be taken into account such as the degree of ripeness, berry size or vintage year. In all the studied varieties, the major anthocyanin was malvidin 3-glucoside (>40%) with the exception of Rojal variety, which major one was peonidin 3-glucoside together with cyanidin 3-glucoside. Moravia Dulce and Rojal varieties contained more than 46% of quercetin 3-glucuronide; the rest of them contained less than 27%. No relation was found between profiles of hydroxycinnamic acids in the studied samples and their variety or year of vintage. All the studied grapes presented high concentrations of stilbenes that could be interesting due to the health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Although the Bobal red grape variety is grown mainly in the Valencia region of Spain, there is also limited production in certain areas of the La Mancha region. Bobal red wines of five consecutive vintages, produced in the La Mancha region, were evaluated by sensory descriptive analysis using a panel of 15 trained assessors. Wines were obtained in standardized conditions and were not aged. Panellists scored the intensity of each attribute using a non-structured scale. Principal component analysis performed on sensory data showed that these wines were characterized by blackcurrant, green pepper, smoke, redcurrant, cut hay, vanilla and cinnamon aromas. Odour activity values for the various compounds in Bobal wines were classified into seven odorant series describing the aroma profile (1: fruity, 2: floral, 3: green/fresh, 4: sweet, 5: spice, 6: fatty, and 7: other odours). Total intensities for each odorant series were calculated as the sum of the odour activity value for each compound assigned to that series. The fruity and sweet series were found to contribute most to the aroma profile of Bobal wines. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to review and compare the different commercial and homemade models of ultrasound-guided vascular cannulation phantoms, as well as the methods used for the elaboration of the latter. There are a variety of simulators for ultrasound-guided puncture techniques, from simple homemade phantoms to the most sophisticated and expensive virtual reality simulators. Commercial-grade ultrasound phantoms are expensive and although they are reusable, their cost can be a barrier to simulation-based training. Homemade phantoms are a cost-effective, highly useful tool for teaching vascular access using ultrasound. For the elaboration of the homemade ones, different substances and elements are usually used to produce varied echogenicities and geometries. Specifically, animal-based ones provide more realistic tissue feedback and have a back-ground echogenicity that is closer to that of human tissue. A powerful alternative is the use of poly vinyl alcohol or modified mixtures of this material, which would be better suited to cannulation simulation with high functional fidelity.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness, safety, and quality of care afforded by cyanoacrylate ablation (CA) vs existing options in treating great saphenous vein incompetence., Methods: We conducted a systematic review; used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework; assessed the quality of randomized clinical trials using the Cochrane risk of bias tool; and performed a meta-analysis on the available comparative measurements., Results: Three comparative studies, two randomized controlled trials and one observational study comprising 1057 participants, were included for effectiveness assessment purposes. The safety assessment also included 10 case series. Available evidence allowed comparison of CA with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) but not with other treatments. The comparative effectiveness analysis showed that whereas all three treatments reduced disease severity, none was significantly better than any other in terms of effectiveness. In terms of safety, however, CA devices gave rise to fewer adverse events and less severity at 12 months of follow-up than did EVLA or RFA. Other important advantages of CA over EVLA or RFA were linked to quality of care; patients reported less pain during intervention with CA than with RFA or EVLA devices and registered shorter intervention and recovery times. Furthermore, tumescent anesthesia and compression bandages were not necessary, making this technique more comfortable for the patients than endothermal techniques., Conclusions: Compared with EVLA and RFA, CA treatments yield comparable effectiveness outcomes and lead to less frequent and fewer mild adverse events, without difference in major adverse events. Furthermore, CA devices have advantages in terms of quality of care indicators, such as pain during intervention, treatment and recovery times, lower use of anesthesia, and zero use of compression bandages after treatment., (Copyright © 2019 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In recent decades, scientific institutions have undergone significant changes due to new managerialism and the application of excellence in research. This research model has given rise to tensions related to increasing pressures and working demands in a competitive international environment that accelerate the pace of academic life. In addition, precarious working conditions and job insecurity have affected academics' lives and careers. Academic literature has already addressed these organizational changes and their impact on academics, however, few studies have focused on psychosocial risks related to time constraints, meritocratic pressures and career insecurity from a gender perspective. This analysis is relevant given the gendered distribution of responsibilities and the evidence of gender biases in academia that hinder the advancement of gender equality in scientific institutions, as the persistent lack of women at the top of research careers show. In this paper, we explore the psychosocial effects of the new organizational model of science characterized by accelerated time regimes and precarious working conditions from a gender perspective. We draw attention to gender-based discriminatory practices that may yield an accumulative effect on the well-being of women academics. We analyze 36 interviews from women and men researchers from five areas of knowledge in Spanish universities and research centers, following a 'gendered institutions' approach. The results highlight psychosocial risks for both men and women academics as a result of accelerated work organizations, intensified by uncertainty and hyper-competition due to lack of positions. The hegemonic male work model characterized by total availability confirms academia as a gendered institution, especially damaging women's well-being and careers, as well as those of men committed to care responsibilities - challenging motherhood explanations - which may discourage them from the pursuit of gender equality. Our findings highlight discriminatory practices toward women academics which create psychological harm and feelings of being unwelcome, putting their career progression at risk. Lastly, we suggest a different model of work organization following the implementation of a culture based on an 'ethics of care' feminist approach.

Introduction: The Spanish scientific output during the years 2000-2005 on 30 pathologies of genetic origin included in the OCDE survey on molecular genetic testing has been studied., Results: A total of 105 articles were in MedLine journals on 20 of the pathologies considered. This represents 0.4% of the worldwide publications. However, the Spanish contribution is greater than 2% in some of the pathologies studied worldwide. A total of 266 articles, on 25 pathologies, were found in the Spanish databases IME/ISOC/ICYT. This result makes the total Spanish contribution equivalent to 1.4% of the worldwide output, a value lower than that observed for Spain in Biomedicine and Health Science (2.4%). The number of Spanish articles published on the pathologies studied is greater than those published by Portugal or Holland and lower than those from Italy and France, although Spanish publications are the most abundant for some pathologies., Analysis: Out of the Spanish articles published in MedLine journals, 52% have been cited on an average of 12 times. These contain more basic research than those appearing in IME journals, the latter having a more applied character and being published more frequently in Pediatrics journals. Regarding the Spanish articles, 65% come from 97 laboratories in public hospitals, 10 of which are responsible for 43% of the articles in MedLine journals. These show a certain degree of specialization on at least five pathologies.

The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of sexual abuse in Spain and its long and short effects. A representative sample of Spanish society was studied (N = 1.821) through proportional stratified random sampling. Data were obtained by interview (Personal History of Sexual Abuse), carried out in the subjects home and by means of a Self Reporting Questionnaire (S.R.Q.), which the interviewer gave the subject to be returned by post. The results show a high prevalence of sexual abuse prior to age 17 (15% of males and 22% of females) with short-term effects (lack of trust, disgust, fear, hostility towards the aggressor, shame, anxiety, etc.) and in long-term a greater tendency towards mental health problems (F = 7.7; p < .01), as well as other problems throughout the life cycle (running away from home, school failure, sexual dissatisfaction, drug-taking, etc.). The high prevalence and the clear long and short effect make prevention programs and help for the victims advisable.