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1. Emergence of Group B Streptococcus Disease in Pigs and Porcupines, Italy

Author

Garbarino, Chiara Anna, Bariselli, Simone, Pupillo, Giovanni, Bassi, Patrizia, Luppi, Andrea, Taddei, Roberta, Reggiani, Alessandro, Massella, Elisa, Ricchi, Matteo, Carra, Elena, and Zadoks, Ruth N.

Subjects
Animals -- Diseases, Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Host-bacteria relationships, Streptococcal infections -- Distribution, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus [GBS]) is a major pathogen of humans, cattle, aquatic species, and camels (2-4). GBS has been detected in pork but has not been associated with [...]

Published
2024
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11. Molecular Typing of Leishmania spp. Causing Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Italy, 2014–2020

Author

Gritti, Tommaso, primary, Carra, Elena, additional, Van der Auwera, Gert, additional, Solana, José Carlos, additional, Gaspari, Valeria, additional, Trincone, Silvana, additional, Ortalli, Margherita, additional, Rabitti, Alice, additional, Reggiani, Alessandro, additional, Rugna, Gianluca, additional, Varani, Stefania, additional, and The Skin_Leish_RER Network, The Skin_Leish_RER Network, additional

Published
2023
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13. Molecular Typing of Leishmania spp. Causing Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Italy, 2014–2020.

Author

Gritti, Tommaso, Carra, Elena, Van der Auwera, Gert, Solana, José Carlos, Gaspari, Valeria, Trincone, Silvana, Ortalli, Margherita, Rabitti, Alice, Reggiani, Alessandro, Rugna, Gianluca, and Varani, Stefania

Subjects
LEISHMANIASIS, LEISHMANIA, LEISHMANIA donovani, MUCOUS membranes, GENETIC variation, HEAT shock proteins
Abstract

Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is endemic but neglected in southern Europe. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the Leishmania strains causing TL cases in northeastern Italy, where an upsurge of TL cases has been observed in the last decade. Sections from 109 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies of skin and mucosal tissues were collected from TL cases in the selected area. Two DNA targets were amplified and sequenced: the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and the heat-shock protein 70 gene (hsp70). An in silico analysis was also performed on 149 genomes belonging to the Leishmania donovani complex. A total of 88 out of 109 (80.7%) samples from 83 TL cases were successfully typed by ITS1 and/or hsp70. ITS1 analysis identified L. infantum in 67 cases (91.8%), while L. major (n = 4, 5.5%) and L. tropica (n = 2, 2.7%) were detected in the remaining cases that were categorized as imported. Further, the hsp70 typing of 75 autochthonous cases showed the presence of eight distinct sequence variants belonging to the Leishmania donovani complex, with high genetic variability when compared to known L. infantum populations. In conclusion, our findings show that peculiar L. infantum variants are emerging in the novel focus on TL in northeastern Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Genomic and Epidemiological Evidence for the Emergence of a Putative L. Donovani/L. Infantum Hybrid with Unusual Epidemiology in Northern Italy

Author

Bruno, Federica, primary, Castelli, Germano, additional, Li, Blaise, additional, Reale, Stefano, additional, Carra, Elena, additional, Vitale, Fabrizio, additional, Scibetta, Silvia, additional, Calzolari, Mattia, additional, Varani, Stefania, additional, Ortalli, Margherita, additional, Franceschini, Erica, additional, Gennari, William, additional, Rugna, Gianluca, additional, and Späth, Gerald, additional

Published
2023
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21. Proportion of patients in south London with first-episode psychosis attributable to use of high potency cannabis: a case-control study

Author

Di Forti, Marta, Marconi, Arianna, Carra, Elena, Fraietta, Sara, Trotta, Antonella, Bonomo, Matteo, Bianconi, Francesca, Gardner-Sood, Poonam, O'Connor, Jennifer, Russo, Manuela, Stilo, Simona A, Marques, Tiago Reis, Mondelli, Valeria, Dazzan, Paola, Pariante, Carmine, David, Anthony S, Gaughran, Fiona, Atakan, Zerrin, Iyegbe, Conrad, Powell, John, Morgan, Craig, Lynskey, Michael, and Murray, Robin M

Published
2015
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22. Wildlife Hosts of Leishmania infantum in a Re-Emerging Focus of Human Leishmaniasis, in Emilia-Romagna, Northeast Italy

Author

Taddei, Roberta, primary, Bregoli, Arianna, additional, Galletti, Giorgio, additional, Carra, Elena, additional, Fiorentini, Laura, additional, Fontana, Maria Cristina, additional, Frasnelli, Matteo, additional, Musto, Carmela, additional, Pupillo, Giovanni, additional, Reggiani, Alessandro, additional, Santi, Annalisa, additional, Rossi, Arianna, additional, Tamba, Marco, additional, Calzolari, Mattia, additional, and Rugna, Gianluca, additional

Published
2022
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27. Surveillance of leishmaniasis cases from 15 European centres, 2014 to 2019: a retrospective analysis

Author

Van der Auwera, Gert, Davidsson, Leigh, Buffet, Pierre, Ruf, Marie-Thérèse, Gramiccia, Marina, Varani, Stefania, Chicharro, Carmen, Bart, Aldert, Harms, Gundel, Chiodini, Peter L, Brekke, Hanne, Robert-Gangneux, Florence, Cortes, Sofia, Verweij, Jaco J, Scarabello, Alessandra, Karlsson Söbirk, Sara, Guéry, Romain, van Henten, Saskia, Di Muccio, Trentina, Carra, Elena, van Thiel, Pieter, Vandeputte, Martin, Gaspari, Valeria, Blum, Johannes, LeishMan Surveillance network, Van der Auwera G., Davidsson L., Buffet P., Ruf M.-T., Gramiccia M., Varani S., Chicharro C., Bart A., Harms G., Chiodini P.L., Brekke H., Robert-Gangneux F., Cortes S., Verweij J.J., Scarabello A., Karlsson Sobirk S., Guery R., van Henten S., Di Muccio T., Carra E., van Thiel P., Vandeputte M., Gaspari V., Blum J., APH - Global Health, Infectious diseases, AII - Infectious diseases, Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier, Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), Public Health Agency of Sweden, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), University of Basel (Unibas), Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria A. Meyer [Firenze, Italy], Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Lund University [Lund], Hôpital privé du Confluent [Nantes], Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), and Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, imported, authochthonou, Young Adult, Virology, Humans, Authochthonous, Child, Leishmaniasis, leishmaniasis, travel, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Leishmania, Travel, Surveillance, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Middle Aged, leishmaniasi, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Europe, Imported, Child, Preschool, surveillance, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Female, authochthonous
Abstract

Background Surveillance of human leishmaniasis in Europe is mostly limited to country-specific information from autochthonous infections in the southern part. As at the end of 2021, no integrated analysis has been performed for cases seen across centres in different European countries. Aim To provide a broad perspective on autochthonous and imported leishmaniasis cases in endemic and non-endemic countries in Europe. Methods We retrospectively collected records from cutaneous, mucosal and visceral leishmaniasis cases diagnosed in 15 centres between 2014 and 2019. Centres were located in 11 countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Data on country of infection, reason for travelling, infecting species, age and sex were analysed. Results We obtained diagnostic files from 1,142 cases, of which 76%, 21% and 3% had cutaneous, visceral, and mucosal disease, respectively. Of these, 68% were men, and 32% women, with the median age of 37 years (range: 0–90) at diagnosis. Visceral leishmaniasis was mainly acquired in Europe (88%; 167/190), while cutaneous leishmaniasis was primarily imported from outside Europe (77%; 575/749). Sixty-two percent of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases from outside Europe were from the Old World, and 38% from the New World. Geographic species distribution largely confirmed known epidemiology, with notable exceptions. Conclusions Our study confirms previous reports regarding geographic origin, species, and traveller subgroups importing leishmaniasis into Europe. We demonstrate the importance of pooling species typing data from many centres, even from areas where the aetiology is presumably known, to monitor changing epidemiology.

Published
2022

35. Evidence of Common Isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae in Bovines and Humans in Emilia Romagna Region (Northern Italy)

Author

Carra, Elena, primary, Russo, Simone, additional, Micheli, Alessia, additional, Garbarino, Chiara, additional, Ricchi, Matteo, additional, Bergamini, Federica, additional, Bassi, Patrizia, additional, Prosperi, Alice, additional, Piva, Silvia, additional, Cricca, Monica, additional, Schiavo, Roberta, additional, Merialdi, Giuseppe, additional, Serraino, Andrea, additional, and Arrigoni, Norma, additional

Published
2021
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36. Distribution, virulence, genotypic characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated over one-year monitoring from two pig slaughterhouses and processing plants and their fresh hams

Author

Rugna, Gianluca, primary, Carra, Elena, additional, Bergamini, Federica, additional, Franzini, Giuliana, additional, Faccini, Silvia, additional, Gattuso, Antonietta, additional, Morganti, Marina, additional, Baldi, Deborah, additional, Naldi, Simona, additional, Serraino, Andrea, additional, Piva, Silvia, additional, Merialdi, Giuseppe, additional, and Giacometti, Federica, additional

Published
2021
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41. Effectiveness of combination of Mini-and Microsatellite loci to sub-type Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Italian type C isolates

Author

Garbarino Chiara A, Cammi Giuliana, Carra Elena, Belletti Gian L, Taddei Roberta, Barbieri Gianluca, Ricchi Matteo, and Arrigoni Norma

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Background Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis. The aim of our study was to combine Mini-and Microsatellite loci analysis in order to explore the effectiveness of this sub-typing method in a group of Map isolates. For this purpose, 84 Italian Type C Map isolates, each from a different cattle herd, were submitted to MIRU-Variable-Number Tandem-Repeats (VNTRs) typing and Short Sequence repeats (SSRs) sequencing. Moreover, the method was used to analyse the variability inside 10 herds (from three to 50 isolates per herd). Results The molecular sub-typing, carried out using three SSR and 10 MIRU-VNTR loci, differentiated the 84 isolates into 33 clusters, reaching a Simpson's Discriminatory Index (SID) value of 0.952 (0.933 to 0.972, 95% confidence intervals). Among all considered loci, six (SSR2, MIRU2, SSR1, SSR8, VNTR3527 and VNTR1067) showed relevant allelic variability. Thirty-eight% of the isolates were clustered into four genotypes, differing from each other for the SSR2 locus. The other isolates, characterised by differences in two or more loci, were spread among the rest of the clusters. The intra-herd analysis revealed more than one genotype in most herds with a similar distribution of clusters. Conclusions Our results revealed the advantage of using both Mini-and Microsatellite approaches for successfully discriminating among Map Type C isolates from the same geographic area, host species and herd. These data suggest that the combination of loci here proposed could be a useful molecular tool for regional epidemiological studies.

Published
2011
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43. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) reveals host-related population structure in Leishmania infantum from northeastern Italy

Author

Rugna, Gianluca, primary, Carra, Elena, additional, Bergamini, Federica, additional, Calzolari, Mattia, additional, Salvatore, Daniela, additional, Corpus, Francesco, additional, Gennari, William, additional, Baldelli, Raffaella, additional, Fabbi, Massimo, additional, Natalini, Silvano, additional, Vitale, Fabrizio, additional, Varani, Stefania, additional, and Merialdi, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2018
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44. Rise and fall of outbreak-specific clone inside endemic pulsotype of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-; insights from high-resolution molecular surveillance in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, 2012 to 2015

Author

Morganti, Marina, primary, Bolzoni, Luca, additional, Scaltriti, Erika, additional, Casadei, Gabriele, additional, Carra, Elena, additional, Rossi, Laura, additional, Gherardi, Paola, additional, Faccini, Fabio, additional, Arrigoni, Norma, additional, Sacchi, Anna Rita, additional, Delledonne, Marco, additional, and Pongolini, Stefano, additional

Published
2018
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46. The canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2) in Italian wolves: a preliminary study.

Author

MUSTO, Carmela, CARRA, Elena, FONTANA, Maria Cristina, MERIALDI, Giuseppe, CANIGLIA, Romolo, FABBRI, Elena, BALBONI, Andrea, BATTILANI, Mara, SICLARI, Antonino, CIUTI, Francesca, MANCUSO, Giulia, RIVERSO, Caterina, LUCIFORA, Giuseppe, and DELOGU, Mauro

Subjects
*WOLVES, *CARNIVOROUS animals, *ADENOVIRUSES, *SPECIES
Abstract

The canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2) is associated with the infectious tracheobronchitis commonly called "kennel cough", cosmopolitan in dogs but little explored in gray wolves. Our goals were (i) to evaluate the presence and circulation of CAdV-2 in free-ranging Italian wolves (Canis lupus italicus), through the analysis of spleens and tongues collected from 56 carcasses sampled in three Italian regions between August 2017 and July 2020, and (ii) to support the validity of a matrix such as the tongue, which was never used before. Samples were screened for the presence of CAdV-2 DNA using both PCR and real-time PCR assay. Positive results were related to sampling year, location, sex, age, genetic determination of species, and matrices tested. Three male wolves (5.4%) tested positive in tongue samples, demonstrating that the tongue is an excellent matrix for the detection of CAdV-2. To the best of our knowledge, no studies were performed to evaluate the usability of tongue samples to detect CAdV-2 DNA in grey wolves or other wild animals. The number of wolves tested positive suggests that, during the studied years, the circulation of CAdV-2 in Italian wolves showed a low frequency, consistent with irregular introductions of the virus by dogs or other wild carnivores in these populations. This preliminary study provides new data on the ecology of CAdV-2 in Italian wolves, although future studies are needed to fully understand its real circulation at a national scale, its pathogenetic role in gray wolves, and its risk of transmission to other wild carnivores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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48. DistinctLeishmania infantumStrains Circulate in Humans and Dogs in the Emilia–Romagna Region, Northeastern Italy

Author

Rugna, Gianluca, primary, Carra, Elena, additional, Corpus, Francesco, additional, Calzolari, Mattia, additional, Salvatore, Daniela, additional, Bellini, Romeo, additional, Di Francesco, Antonietta, additional, Franceschini, Erica, additional, Bruno, Antonella, additional, Poglayen, Giovanni, additional, Varani, Stefania, additional, Vitale, Fabrizio, additional, and Merialdi, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2017
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49. Foodborne Salmonellosis in Italy: Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Monophasic Variant 4,[5],12:i− Isolated from Salami and Human Patients

Author

Andreoli, Giuseppina, primary, Merla, Cristina, additional, Valle, Claudia Dalla, additional, Corpus, Francesco, additional, Morganti, Marina, additional, D'incau, Mario, additional, Colmegna, Silvia, additional, Marone, Piero, additional, Fabbi, Massimo, additional, Barco, Lisa, additional, and Carra, Elena, additional

Published
2017
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50. Modelling Atmospheric Attenuation at Different AOD Timescales in Yield Performance of Solar Tower Plants.

Author

Polo, Jesús, Alonso-Montesinos, Joaquin, López-Rodriguez, Gabriel, Ballestrín, Jesús, Bosch, Juan L., Barbero, Javier, Carra, Elena, Fernández-Reche, Jesús, and Batlles, Francisco J.

Subjects
OPTICAL losses, ATMOSPHERIC attenuation, HELIOSTATS, SOLAR power plants, SOLAR energy
Abstract

Optical losses in central receiver systems may be enhanced by the atmospheric attenuation taking place along the optical path between the heliostat mirrors and the receiver. Ray-tracing and performance codes usually estimate the atmospheric attenuation by a third order polynomial whose coefficients can be input by the user in the model. A sensitivity study on the time-resolution for modelling the atmospheric attenuation is presented in this work by modelling two reference solar tower plants (Ivanpah 1 and Crescent Dunes) with the System Advisor Model (SAM). The input for the atmospheric attenuation has been computed from daily, monthly means and annual mean aerosol optical depth for the Tamanrasset site. The impact of considering one unique polynomial for the whole year to one polynomial every day is higher in the case of Crescent Dunes due to its larger solar field, and relative averages differences in the daily output power may be from around 2% to 4.5% due to the daily peaks of AOD that result in eventual high attenuating conditions for the solar field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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