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1. Schizophrenia-associated somatic copy-number variants from 12,834 cases reveal recurrent NRXN1 and ABCB11 disruptions

Author: Marshall, Christian R., Merico, Daniele, Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma, Wang, Zhouzhi, Scherer, Stephen W., Howrigan, Daniel P, Ripke, Stephan, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Farh, Kai-How, Fromer, Menachem, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., Huang, Hailiang, Lee, Phil, Daly, Mark J., Neale, Benjamin M., Belliveau, Richard A., Jr., Bergen, Sarah E., Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Chambert, Kimberley D., O'Dushlaine, Colm, Scolnick, Edward M., Smoller, Jordan W., Moran, Jennifer L., Palotie, Aarno, Petryshen, Tracey L., Wu, Wenting, Greer, Douglas S., Antaki, Danny, Shetty, Aniket, Gujral, Madhusudan, Brandler, William M., Malhotra, Dheeraj, Fuentes Fajarado, Karin V., Maile, Michelle S., Holmans, Peter A., Carrera, Noa, Craddock, Nick, Escott-Price, Valentina, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Hamshere, Marian L., Kavanagh, David, Legge, Sophie E., Pocklington, Andrew J., Richards, Alexander L., Ruderfer, Douglas M., Williams, Nigel M., Kirov, George, Owen, Michael J., Pinto, Dalila, Cai, Guiqing, Davis, Kenneth L., Drapeau, Elodie, Friedman, Joseph I, Haroutunian, Vahram, Parkhomenko, Elena, Reichenberg, Abraham, Silverman, Jeremy M., Buxbaum, Joseph D., Domenici, Enrico, Agartz, Ingrid, Djurovic, Srdjan, Mattingsdal, Morten, Melle, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Söderman, Erik, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Laurent, Claudine, Levinson, Douglas F., Amin, Farooq, Atkins, Joshua, Cairns, Murray J., Scott, Rodney J., Tooney, Paul A., Wu, Jing Qin, Bacanu, Silviu A., Bigdeli, Tim B., Reimers, Mark A., Webb, Bradley T., Wolen, Aaron R., Wormley, Brandon K., Kendler, Kenneth S., Riley, Brien P., Kähler, Anna K., Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Hultman, Christina M., Bertalan, Marcelo, Hansen, Thomas, Olsen, Line, Rasmussen, Henrik B., Werge, Thomas, Mattheisen, Manuel, Black, Donald W., Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G., Buckner, Randy L., Roffman, Joshua L., Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Kahn, René S, Strengman, Eric, Ophoff, Roel A., Carr, Vaughan J., Catts, Stanley V., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Michie, Patricia T., Pantelis, Christos, Schall, Ulrich, Jablensky, Assen V., Kelly, Brian J., Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M., Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, C. Robert, Svrakic, Dragan M, Cohen, David, Cormican, Paul, Donohoe, Gary, Morris, Derek W., Corvin, Aiden, Gill, Michael, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James J., Farrell, Martilias S., Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Kim, Yunjung, Szatkiewicz, Jin P., Williams, Stephanie, Curtis, David, Pimm, Jonathan, Gurling, Hugh, McQuillin, Andrew, Davidson, Michael, Weiser, Mark, Degenhardt, Franziska, Forstner, Andreas J., Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Cichon, Sven, Nöthen, Markus M., Del Favero, Jurgen, DeLisi, Lynn E., McCarley, Robert W., Levy, Deborah L., Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., Seidman, Larry J., Dikeos, Dimitris, Papadimitriou, George N., Dinan, Timothy, Duan, Jubao, Sanders, Alan R., Gejman, Pablo V., Gershon, Elliot S., Dudbridge, Frank, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Salomaa, Veikko, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H., Knowles, James A., Pato, Michele T., Pato, Carlos N., Frank, Josef, Meier, Sandra, Schulze, Thomas G., Strohmaier, Jana, Witt, Stephanie H., Rietschel, Marcella, Franke, Lude, Karjalainen, Juha, Freedman, Robert, Olincy, Ann, Freimer, Nelson B., Purcell, Shaun M., Roussos, Panos, Stahl, Eli A., Sklar, Pamela, Giegling, Ina, Hartmann, Annette M., Konte, Bettina, Rujescu, Dan, Godard, Stephanie, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Pers, Tune H., Price, Alkes, Esko, Tõnu, Gratten, Jacob, Lee, S. Hong, Visscher, Peter M., Wray, Naomi R., Mowry, Bryan J., de Haan, Lieuwe, Meijer, Carin J., Hansen, Mark, Ikeda, Masashi, Iwata, Nakao, Joa, Inge, Kalaydjieva, Luba, Keller, Matthew C., Kennedy, James L., Zai, Clement C., Knight, Jo, Lerer, Bernard, Liang, Kung-Yee, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Stroup, T. Scott, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Suvisaari, Jaana, Maher, Brion S., Maier, Wolfgang, Mallet, Jacques, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., Blackwood, Douglas H.R., Metspalu, Andres, Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Collier, David A., Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Murphy, Kieran C., Murray, Robin M., Powell, John, Myin-Germeys, Inez, Van Os, Jim, Nenadic, Igor, Nertney, Deborah A., Nestadt, Gerald, Pulver, Ann E., Nicodemus, Kristin K., Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, Adolfsson, Rolf, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, Oh, Sang-Yun, O'Neill, F. Anthony, Paunio, Tiina, Pietiläinen, Olli, Perkins, Diana O., Quested, Digby, Savitz, Adam, Li, Qingqin S., Schwab, Sibylle G., Shi, Jianxin, Spencer, Chris C.A., Thirumalai, Srinivas, Veijola, Juha, Waddington, John, Walsh, Dermot, Wildenauer, Dieter B., Bramon, Elvira, Darvasi, Ariel, Posthuma, Danielle, St. Clair, David, Shanta, Omar, Klein, Marieke, Park, Peter J., Weinberger, Daniel, Moran, John V., Gage, Fred H., Vaccarino, Flora M., Gleeson, Joseph, Mathern, Gary, Courchesne, Eric, Roy, Subhojit, Bizzotto, Sara, Coulter, Michael, Dias, Caroline, D'Gama, Alissa, Ganz, Javier, Hill, Robert, Huang, August Yue, Khoshkhoo, Sattar, Kim, Sonia, Lodato, Michael, Miller, Michael, Borges-Monroy, Rebeca, Rodin, Rachel, Zhou, Zinan, Bohrson, Craig, Chu, Chong, Cortes-Ciriano, Isidro, Dou, Yanmei, Galor, Alon, Gulhan, Doga, Kwon, Minseok, Luquette, Joe, Viswanadham, Vinay, Jones, Attila, Rosenbluh, Chaggai, Cho, Sean, Langmead, Ben, Thorpe, Jeremy, Erwin, Jennifer, Jaffe, Andrew, McConnell, Michael, Narurkar, Rujuta, Paquola, Apua, Shin, Jooheon, Straub, Richard, Abyzov, Alexej, Bae, Taejeong, Jang, Yeongjun, Wang, Yifan, Gage, Fred, Linker, Sara, Reed, Patrick, Wang, Meiyan, Urban, Alexander, Zhou, Bo, Zhu, Xiaowei, Pattni, Reenal, Amero, Aitor Serres, Juan, David, Lobon, Irene, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, Moruno, Manuel Solis, Perez, Raquel Garcia, Povolotskaya, Inna, Soriano, Eduardo, Averbuj, Dan, Ball, Laurel, Breuss, Martin, Yang, Xiaoxu, Chung, Changuk, Emery, Sarah B., Flasch, Diane A., Kidd, Jeffrey M., Kopera, Huira C., Kwan, Kenneth Y., Mills, Ryan E., Moldovan, John B., Sun, Chen, Zhao, Xuefang, Zhou, Weichen, Frisbie, Trenton J., Cherskov, Adriana, Fasching, Liana, Jourdon, Alexandre, Pochareddy, Sirisha, Scuderi, Soraya, Sestan, Nenad, Maury, Eduardo A., Sherman, Maxwell A., Genovese, Giulio, Gilgenast, Thomas G., Kamath, Tushar, Burris, S.J., Rajarajan, Prashanth, Flaherty, Erin, Akbarian, Schahram, Chess, Andrew, McCarroll, Steven A., Loh, Po-Ru, Phillips-Cremins, Jennifer E., Brennand, Kristen J., Macosko, Evan Z., Walters, James T.R., O’Donovan, Michael, Sullivan, Patrick, Sebat, Jonathan, Lee, Eunjung A., and Walsh, Christopher A.
Published: 2023
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2. Using brain cell-type-specific protein interactomes to interpret neurodevelopmental genetic signals in schizophrenia

Author: Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M., Corvin, Aiden, Walters, James T.R., Farh, Kai-How, Holmans, Peter A., Lee, Phil, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A., Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H., Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A., Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A., Jr., Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E., Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B., Black, Donald W., Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G., Buckner, Randy L., Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M., Carr, Vaughan J., Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V., Chambert, Kimberley D., Chan, Raymond C.K., Chan, Ronald Y.L., Chen, Eric Y.H., Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric FC., Chong, Siow Ann, Cloninger, C. Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crowley, James J., Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L., Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Favero, Jurgen, Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Durmishi, Naser, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H., Farrell, Martilias S., Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freimer, Nelson B., Friedl, Marion, Friedman, Joseph I., Fromer, Menachem, Genovese, Giulio, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Giegling, Ina, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., Golimbet, Vera, Gopal, Srihari, Gratten, Jacob, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hammer, Christian, Hamshere, Marian L., Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hartmann, Annette M., Henskens, Frans A., Herms, Stefan, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Hollegaard, Mads V., Hougaard, David M., Ikeda, Masashi, Joa, Inge, Julià, Antonio, Kahn, René S., Kalaydjieva, Luba, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Karjalainen, Juha, Kavanagh, David, Keller, Matthew C., Kennedy, James L., Khrunin, Andrey, Kim, Yunjung, Klovins, Janis, Knowles, James A., Konte, Bettina, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, Kähler, Anna K., Laurent, Claudine, Lee, Jimmy, Lee, S. Hong, Legge, Sophie E., Lerer, Bernard, Li, Miaoxin, Li, Tao, Liang, Kung-Yee, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel M., Lubinski, Jan, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Macek, Milan, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Maher, Brion S., Maier, Wolfgang, Mallet, Jacques, Marsal, Sara, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mattingsdal, Morten, McCarley, Robert W., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., Meier, Sandra, Meijer, Carin J., Melegh, Bela, Melle, Ingrid, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., Metspalu, Andres, Michie, Patricia T., Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Morris, Derek W., Mors, Ole, Murphy, Kieran C., Murray, Robin M., Myin-Germeys, Inez, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nelis, Mari, Nenadic, Igor, Nertney, Deborah A., Nestadt, Gerald, Nicodemus, Kristin K., Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, O'Dushlaine, Colm, O'Neill, F. Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Olincy, Ann, Olsen, Line, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Papadimitriou, George N., Papiol, Sergi, Parkhomenko, Elena, Pato, Michele T., Paunio, Tiina, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Perkins, Diana O., Pietiläinen, Olli, Pimm, Jonathan, Pocklington, Andrew J., Powell, John, Price, Alkes, Pulver, Ann E., Purcell, Shaun M., Quested, Digby, Rasmussen, Henrik B., Reichenberg, Abraham, Reimers, Mark A., Richards, Alexander L., Roffman, Joshua L., Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M., Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schubert, Christian R., Schulze, Thomas G., Schwab, Sibylle G., Scolnick, Edward M., Scott, Rodney J., Seidman, Larry J., Shi, Jianxin, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Silverman, Jeremy M., Sim, Kang, Slominsky, Petr, Smoller, Jordan W., So, Hon-Cheong, Spencer, Chris C.A., Stahl, Eli A., Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Stogmann, Elisabeth, Straub, Richard E., Strengman, Eric, Strohmaier, Jana, Stroup, T Scott, Subramaniam, Mythily, Suvisaari, Jaana, Svrakic, Dragan M., Szatkiewicz, Jin P., Söderman, Erik, Thirumalai, Srinivas, Toncheva, Draga, Tosato, Sarah, Veijola, Juha, Waddington, John, Walsh, Dermot, Wang, Dai, Wang, Qiang, Webb, Bradley T., Weiser, Mark, Wildenauer, Dieter B., Williams, Nigel M., Williams, Stephanie, Witt, Stephanie H., Wolen, Aaron R., Wong, Emily H.M., Wormley, Brandon K., Xi, Hualin Simon, Zai, Clement C., Zheng, Xuebin, Zimprich, Fritz, Wray, Naomi R., Stefansson, Kari, Visscher, Peter M., Adolfsson, Rolf, Andreassen, Ole A., Blackwood, Douglas H.R., Bramon, Elvira, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Børglum, Anders D., Cichon, Sven, Darvasi, Ariel, Domenici, Enrico, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Esko, Tõnu, Gejman, Pablo V., Gill, Michael, Gurling, Hugh, Hultman, Christina M., Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V., Jönsson, Erik G., Kendler, Kenneth S., Kirov, George, Knight, Jo, Lencz, Todd, Levinson, Douglas F., Li, Qingqin S., Liu, Jianjun, Malhotra, Anil K., McCarroll, Steven A., McQuillin, Andrew, Moran, Jennifer L., Mortensen, Preben B., Mowry, Bryan J., Nöthen, Markus M., Ophoff, Roel A., Owen, Michael J., Palotie, Aarno, Pato, Carlos N., Petryshen, Tracey L., Posthuma, Danielle, Rietschel, Marcella, Riley, Brien P., Rujescu, Dan, Sham, Pak C., Sklar, Pamela, St Clair, David, Weinberger, Daniel R., Wendland, Jens R., Werge, Thomas, Daly, Mark J., Sullivan, Patrick F., O'Donovan, Michael C., Qin, Shengying, Sawa, Akira, Kahn, Rene, Hong, Kyung Sue, Shi, Wenzhao, Tsuang, Ming, Itokawa, Masanari, Feng, Gang, Glatt, Stephen J., Ma, Xiancang, Tang, Jinsong, Ruan, Yunfeng, Liu, Ruize, Zhu, Feng, Horiuchi, Yasue, Lee, Byung Dae, Joo, Eun-Jeong, Myung, Woojae, Ha, Kyooseob, Won, Hong-Hee, Baek, Ji Hyung, Chung, Young Chul, Kim, Sung-Wan, Kusumawardhani, Agung, Chen, Wei J., Hwu, Hai-Gwo, Hishimoto, Akitoyo, Otsuka, Ikuo, Sora, Ichiro, Toyota, Tomoko, Yoshikawa, Takeo, Kunugi, Hiroshi, Hattori, Kotaro, Ishiwata, Sayuri, Numata, Shusuke, Ohmori, Tetsuro, Arai, Makoto, Ozeki, Yuji, Fujii, Kumiko, Kim, Se Joo, Lee, Heon-Jeong, Ahn, Yong Min, Kim, Se Hyun, Akiyama, Kazufumi, Shimoda, Kazutaka, Kinoshita, Makoto, Hsu, Yu-Han H., Pintacuda, Greta, Nacu, Eugeniu, Kim, April, Tsafou, Kalliopi, Petrossian, Natalie, Crotty, William, Suh, Jung Min, Riseman, Jackson, Martin, Jacqueline M., Biagini, Julia C., Mena, Daya, Ching, Joshua K.T., Malolepsza, Edyta, Li, Taibo, Singh, Tarjinder, Ge, Tian, Egri, Shawn B., Tanenbaum, Benjamin, Stanclift, Caroline R., Apffel, Annie M., Carr, Steven A., Schenone, Monica, Jaffe, Jake, Fornelos, Nadine, Eggan, Kevin C., and Lage, Kasper
Published: 2023
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3. Publisher Correction: Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection

Author: Pardiñas, Antonio F, Holmans, Peter, Pocklington, Andrew J, Escott-Price, Valentina, Ripke, Stephan, Carrera, Noa, Legge, Sophie E, Bishop, Sophie, Cameron, Darren, Hamshere, Marian L, Han, Jun, Hubbard, Leon, Lynham, Amy, Mantripragada, Kiran, Rees, Elliott, MacCabe, James H, McCarroll, Steven A, Baune, Bernhard T, Breen, Gerome, Byrne, Enda M, Dannlowski, Udo, Eley, Thalia C, Hayward, Caroline, Martin, Nicholas G, McIntosh, Andrew M, Plomin, Robert, Porteous, David J, Wray, Naomi R, Caballero, Armando, Geschwind, Daniel H, Huckins, Laura M, Ruderfer, Douglas M, Santiago, Enrique, Sklar, Pamela, Stahl, Eli A, Won, Hyejung, Agerbo, Esben, Als, Thomas D, Andreassen, Ole A, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker, Børglum, Anders D, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Djurovic, Srdjan, Durmishi, Naser, Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, Golimbet, Vera, Grove, Jakob, Hougaard, David M, Mattheisen, Manuel, Molden, Espen, Mors, Ole, Nordentoft, Merete, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Hansen, Christine Søholm, Stefansson, Kari, Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Tosato, Sarah, Werge, Thomas, Collier, David A, Rujescu, Dan, Kirov, George, Owen, Michael J, O’Donovan, Michael C, and Walters, James TR
Subjects: GERAD1 Consortium, CRESTAR Consortium, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Published: 2019

4. Population‐based identity‐by‐descent mapping combined with exome sequencing to detect rare risk variants for schizophrenia

Author: Harold, Denise, Connolly, Siobhan, Riley, Brien P, Kendler, Kenneth S, McCarthy, Shane E, McCombie, William R, Richards, Alex, Owen, Michael J, O'Donovan, Michael C, Walters, James, Donnelly, Peter, Bates, Lesley, Barroso, Ines, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A, Casas, Juan P, Corvin, Aiden, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Jankowski, Janusz, Markus, Hugh S, Mathew, Christopher G, Palmer, Colin NA, Plomin, Robert, Rautanen, Anna, Sawcer, Stephen J, Trembath, Richard C, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Wood, Nicholas W, Spencer, Chris CA, Band, Gavin, Bellenguez, Céline, Freeman, Colin, Hellenthal, Garrett, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Hopkins, Lucinda, Pirinen, Matti, Pearson, Richard, Strange, Amy, Su, Zhan, Vukcevic, Damjan, Langford, Cordelia, Hunt, Sarah E, Edkins, Sarah, Gwilliam, Rhian, Blackburn, Hannah, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Dronov, Serge, Gillman, Matthew, Gray, Emma, Hammond, Naomi, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, McCann, Owen T, Liddle, Jennifer, Potter, Simon C, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Ricketts, Michelle, Waller, Matthew, Weston, Paul, Widaa, Sara, Whittaker, Pamela, Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M, Walters, James TR, Farh, Kai‐How, Holmans, Peter A, Lee, Phil, Bulik‐Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A, Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H, Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A, Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A, Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Buckner, Randy L, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V, Chambert, Kimberley D, Chan, Raymond CK, and Chan, Ronald YL
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Genetics, Clinical Research, Schizophrenia, Brain Disorders, Human Genome, Prevention, Serious Mental Illness, Mental Health, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Chromosome Mapping, DNA Copy Number Variations, Databases, Genetic, Exome, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Haplotypes, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Exome Sequencing, GWAS, IBD mapping, rare variants, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical sciences
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are highly effective at identifying common risk variants for schizophrenia. Rare risk variants are also important contributors to schizophrenia etiology but, with the exception of large copy number variants, are difficult to detect with GWAS. Exome and genome sequencing, which have accelerated the study of rare variants, are expensive so alternative methods are needed to aid detection of rare variants. Here we re-analyze an Irish schizophrenia GWAS dataset (n = 3,473) by performing identity-by-descent (IBD) mapping followed by exome sequencing of individuals identified as sharing risk haplotypes to search for rare risk variants in coding regions. We identified 45 rare haplotypes (>1 cM) that were significantly more common in cases than controls. By exome sequencing 105 haplotype carriers, we investigated these haplotypes for functional coding variants that could be tested for association in independent GWAS samples. We identified one rare missense variant in PCNT but did not find statistical support for an association with schizophrenia in a replication analysis. However, IBD mapping can prioritize both individual samples and genomic regions for follow-up analysis but genome rather than exome sequencing may be more effective at detecting risk variants on rare haplotypes.
Published: 2019

5. Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes

Author: Consortium, Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, Ruderfer, Douglas M, Ripke, Stephan, McQuillin, Andrew, Boocock, James, Stahl, Eli A, Pavlides, Jennifer M Whitehead, Mullins, Niamh, Charney, Alexander W, Ori, Anil PS, Loohuis, Loes M Olde, Domenici, Enrico, Di Florio, Arianna, Papiol, Sergi, Kalman, Janos L, Trubetskoy, Vassily, Adolfsson, Rolf, Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Akil, Huda, Albani, Diego, Albus, Margot, Alda, Martin, Alexander, Madeline, Alliey-Rodriguez, Ney, Als, Thomas D, Amin, Farooq, Anjorin, Adebayo, Arranz, Maria J, Awasthi, Swapnil, Bacanu, Silviu A, Badner, Judith A, Baekvad-Hansen, Marie, Bakker, Steven, Band, Gavin, Barchas, Jack D, Barroso, Ines, Bass, Nicholas, Bauer, Michael, Baune, Bernhard T, Begemann, Martin, Bellenguez, Celine, Belliveau, Richard A, Bellivier, Frank, Bender, Stephan, Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E, Berrettini, Wade H, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Biernacka, Joanna M, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Blackburn, Hannah, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Blackwood, Douglas HR, Pedersen, Carsten Bocker, Boehnke, Michael, Boks, Marco, Borglum, Anders D, Bramon, Elvira, Breen, Gerome, Brown, Matthew A, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Buckner, Randy L, Budde, Monika, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Bunney, William, Burmeister, Margit, Buxbaum, Joseph D, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Cairns, Murray J, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Casas, Juan P, Casas, Miquel, Catts, Stanley V, Cervantes, Pablo, Chambert, Kimberley D, Chan, Raymond CK, Chen, Eric YH, Chen, Ronald YL, Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric FC, Chong, Siow Ann, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Cloninger, C Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Coleman, Jonathan RI, Collier, David A, Cormican, Paul, Coryell, William, and Craddock, Nicholas
Subjects: Human Genome, Neurosciences, Serious Mental Illness, Bipolar Disorder, Biotechnology, Schizophrenia, Brain Disorders, Genetics, Mental Health, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Loci, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Multifactorial Inheritance, Odds Ratio, Phenotype, Risk, White People, Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Electronic address: douglas.ruderfer@vanderbilt.edu, Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, bipolar disorder, polygenic risk, psychosis, schizophrenia, subphenotypes, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are two distinct diagnoses that share symptomology. Understanding the genetic factors contributing to the shared and disorder-specific symptoms will be crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment. In genetic data consisting of 53,555 cases (20,129 bipolar disorder [BD], 33,426 schizophrenia [SCZ]) and 54,065 controls, we identified 114 genome-wide significant loci implicating synaptic and neuronal pathways shared between disorders. Comparing SCZ to BD (23,585 SCZ, 15,270 BD) identified four genomic regions including one with disorder-independent causal variants and potassium ion response genes as contributing to differences in biology between the disorders. Polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses identified several significant correlations within case-only phenotypes including SCZ PRS with psychotic features and age of onset in BD. For the first time, we discover specific loci that distinguish between BD and SCZ and identify polygenic components underlying multiple symptom dimensions. These results point to the utility of genetics to inform symptomology and potential treatment.
Published: 2018

6. Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection

Author: Pardiñas, Antonio F, Holmans, Peter, Pocklington, Andrew J, Escott-Price, Valentina, Ripke, Stephan, Carrera, Noa, Legge, Sophie E, Bishop, Sophie, Cameron, Darren, Hamshere, Marian L, Han, Jun, Hubbard, Leon, Lynham, Amy, Mantripragada, Kiran, Rees, Elliott, MacCabe, James H, McCarroll, Steven A, Baune, Bernhard T, Breen, Gerome, Byrne, Enda M, Dannlowski, Udo, Eley, Thalia C, Hayward, Caroline, Martin, Nicholas G, McIntosh, Andrew M, Plomin, Robert, Porteous, David J, Wray, Naomi R, Caballero, Armando, Geschwind, Daniel H, Huckins, Laura M, Ruderfer, Douglas M, Santiago, Enrique, Sklar, Pamela, Stahl, Eli A, Won, Hyejung, Agerbo, Esben, Als, Thomas D, Andreassen, Ole A, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker, Børglum, Anders D, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Djurovic, Srdjan, Durmishi, Naser, Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, Golimbet, Vera, Grove, Jakob, Hougaard, David M, Mattheisen, Manuel, Molden, Espen, Mors, Ole, Nordentoft, Merete, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Hansen, Christine Søholm, Stefansson, Kari, Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Tosato, Sarah, Werge, Thomas, GERAD1 Consortium, CRESTAR Consortium, Collier, David A, Rujescu, Dan, Kirov, George, Owen, Michael J, O’Donovan, Michael C, and Walters, James TR
Subjects: Serious Mental Illness, Brain Disorders, Human Genome, Genetics, Mental Health, Biotechnology, Schizophrenia, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Alleles, Case-Control Studies, Gene Frequency, Genes, Lethal, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Inheritance Patterns, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Selection, Genetic, GERAD1 Consortium, CRESTAR Consortium, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric condition often associated with poor quality of life and decreased life expectancy. Lack of progress in improving treatment outcomes has been attributed to limited knowledge of the underlying biology, although large-scale genomic studies have begun to provide insights. We report a new genome-wide association study of schizophrenia (11,260 cases and 24,542 controls), and through meta-analysis with existing data we identify 50 novel associated loci and 145 loci in total. Through integrating genomic fine-mapping with brain expression and chromosome conformation data, we identify candidate causal genes within 33 loci. We also show for the first time that the common variant association signal is highly enriched among genes that are under strong selective pressures. These findings provide new insights into the biology and genetic architecture of schizophrenia, highlight the importance of mutation-intolerant genes and suggest a mechanism by which common risk variants persist in the population.
Published: 2018

7. Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects

Author: Marshall, Christian R, Howrigan, Daniel P, Merico, Daniele, Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma, Wu, Wenting, Greer, Douglas S, Antaki, Danny, Shetty, Aniket, Holmans, Peter A, Pinto, Dalila, Gujral, Madhusudan, Brandler, William M, Malhotra, Dheeraj, Wang, Zhouzhi, Fajarado, Karin V Fuentes, Maile, Michelle S, Ripke, Stephan, Agartz, Ingrid, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Atkins, Joshua, Bacanu, Silviu A, Belliveau, Richard A, Bergen, Sarah E, Bertalan, Marcelo, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Buckner, Randy L, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Cairns, Murray J, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V, Chambert, Kimberley D, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, C Robert, Cohen, David, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James J, Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Favero, Jurgen, DeLisi, Lynn E, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H, Farh, Kai-How, Farrell, Martilias S, Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freimer, Nelson B, Friedman, Joseph I, Forstner, Andreas J, Fromer, Menachem, Genovese, Giulio, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Gershon, Elliot S, Giegling, Ina, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I, Gratten, Jacob, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hamshere, Marian L, Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hartmann, Annette M, Henskens, Frans A, Herms, Stefan, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Huang, Hailiang, Ikeda, Masashi, Joa, Inge, and Kähler, Anna K
Subjects: Serious Mental Illness, Human Genome, Schizophrenia, Genetics, Biotechnology, Prevention, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mental health, Case-Control Studies, DNA Copy Number Variations, Female, Genetic Loci, Genetic Markers, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Psychosis Endophenotypes International Consortium, CNV and Schizophrenia Working Groups of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Copy number variants (CNVs) have been strongly implicated in the genetic etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, genome-wide investigation of the contribution of CNV to risk has been hampered by limited sample sizes. We sought to address this obstacle by applying a centralized analysis pipeline to a SCZ cohort of 21,094 cases and 20,227 controls. A global enrichment of CNV burden was observed in cases (odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, P = 5.7 × 10-15), which persisted after excluding loci implicated in previous studies (OR = 1.07, P = 1.7 × 10-6). CNV burden was enriched for genes associated with synaptic function (OR = 1.68, P = 2.8 × 10-11) and neurobehavioral phenotypes in mouse (OR = 1.18, P = 7.3 × 10-5). Genome-wide significant evidence was obtained for eight loci, including 1q21.1, 2p16.3 (NRXN1), 3q29, 7q11.2, 15q13.3, distal 16p11.2, proximal 16p11.2 and 22q11.2. Suggestive support was found for eight additional candidate susceptibility and protective loci, which consisted predominantly of CNVs mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination.
Published: 2017

8. Modeling Linkage Disequilibrium Increases Accuracy of Polygenic Risk Scores

Author: Vilhjálmsson, Bjarni J, Yang, Jian, Finucane, Hilary K, Gusev, Alexander, Lindström, Sara, Ripke, Stephan, Genovese, Giulio, Loh, Po-Ru, Bhatia, Gaurav, Do, Ron, Hayeck, Tristan, Won, Hong-Hee, Consortium, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, Neale, Benjamin M, Corvin, Aiden, Walters, James TR, Farh, Kai-How, Holmans, Peter A, Lee, Phil, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A, Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H, Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A, Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A, Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Buckner, Randy L, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V, Chambert, Kimberly D, Chan, Raymond CK, Chen, Ronald YL, Chen, Eric YH, Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric FC, Chong, Siow Ann, Cloninger, C Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crowley, James J, Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Favero, Jurgen, DeLisi, Lynn E, Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Durmishi, Naser, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H, Farrell, Martilias S, Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freimer, Nelson B, Friedl, Marion, Friedman, Joseph I, Fromer, Menachem, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Gershon, Elliot S, Giegling, Ina, Giusti-Rodrguez, Paola, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I, Golimbet, Vera, Gopal, Srihari, Gratten, Jacob, and Grove, Jakob
Subjects: Epidemiology, Biological Sciences, Health Sciences, Genetics, Schizophrenia, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Linkage Disequilibrium, Models, Theoretical, Multifactorial Inheritance, Multiple Sclerosis, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prognosis, Quantitative Trait Loci, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Discovery, Biology, and Risk of Inherited Variants in Breast Cancer (DRIVE) study, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract: Polygenic risk scores have shown great promise in predicting complex disease risk and will become more accurate as training sample sizes increase. The standard approach for calculating risk scores involves linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based marker pruning and applying a p value threshold to association statistics, but this discards information and can reduce predictive accuracy. We introduce LDpred, a method that infers the posterior mean effect size of each marker by using a prior on effect sizes and LD information from an external reference panel. Theory and simulations show that LDpred outperforms the approach of pruning followed by thresholding, particularly at large sample sizes. Accordingly, predicted R(2) increased from 20.1% to 25.3% in a large schizophrenia dataset and from 9.8% to 12.0% in a large multiple sclerosis dataset. A similar relative improvement in accuracy was observed for three additional large disease datasets and for non-European schizophrenia samples. The advantage of LDpred over existing methods will grow as sample sizes increase.
Published: 2015

9. Partitioning Heritability of Regulatory and Cell-Type-Specific Variants across 11 Common Diseases

Author: Gusev, Alexander, Lee, S Hong, Trynka, Gosia, Finucane, Hilary, Vilhjálmsson, Bjarni J, Xu, Han, Zang, Chongzhi, Ripke, Stephan, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Stahl, Eli, Kähler, Anna K, Hultman, Christina M, Purcell, Shaun M, McCarroll, Steven A, Daly, Mark J, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Sullivan, Patrick F, Neale, Benjamin M, Wray, Naomi R, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, Price, Alkes, Corvin, Aiden, Walters, James TR, Farh, Kai-How, Holmans, Peter A, Lee, Phil, Collier, David A, Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H, Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A, Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A, Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Børglum, Anders D, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Buckner, Randy L, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V, Chambert, Kimberly D, Chan, Raymond CK, Chen, Ronald YL, Chen, Eric YH, Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric FC, Chong, Siow Ann, Cloninger, C Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crowley, James J, Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Favero, Jurgen, DeLisi, Lynn E, Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Durmishi, Naser, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H, Farrell, Martilias S, Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freimer, Nelson B, Friedl, Marion, Friedman, Joseph I, Fromer, Menachem, Genovese, Giulio, and Georgieva, Lyudmila
Subjects: Epidemiology, Biological Sciences, Health Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Prevention, Computer Simulation, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Inheritance Patterns, Models, Genetic, Open Reading Frames, Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, SWE-SCZ Consortium, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract: Regulatory and coding variants are known to be enriched with associations identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of complex disease, but their contributions to trait heritability are currently unknown. We applied variance-component methods to imputed genotype data for 11 common diseases to partition the heritability explained by genotyped SNPs (hg(2)) across functional categories (while accounting for shared variance due to linkage disequilibrium). Extensive simulations showed that in contrast to current estimates from GWAS summary statistics, the variance-component approach partitions heritability accurately under a wide range of complex-disease architectures. Across the 11 diseases DNaseI hypersensitivity sites (DHSs) from 217 cell types spanned 16% of imputed SNPs (and 24% of genotyped SNPs) but explained an average of 79% (SE = 8%) of hg(2) from imputed SNPs (5.1× enrichment; p = 3.7 × 10(-17)) and 38% (SE = 4%) of hg(2) from genotyped SNPs (1.6× enrichment, p = 1.0 × 10(-4)). Further enrichment was observed at enhancer DHSs and cell-type-specific DHSs. In contrast, coding variants, which span 1% of the genome, explained
Published: 2014

10. Targeted Sequencing of 10,198 Samples Confirms Abnormalities in Neuronal Activity and Implicates Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis

Author: Alizadeh, Behrooz Z., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A., van Beveren, Nico J., Bruggeman, Richard, Cahn, Wiepke, de Haan, Lieuwe, Delespaul, Philippe, Meijer, Carin J., Myin-Germeys, Inez, Kahn, Rene S., Schirmbeck, Frederike, Simons, Claudia J.P., van Haren, Neeltje E., van Os, Jim, van Winkel, Ruud, Luykx, Jurjen J., Rees, Elliott, Carrera, Noa, Morgan, Joanne, Hambridge, Kirsty, Escott-Price, Valentina, Pocklington, Andrew J., Richards, Alexander L., Pardiñas, Antonio F., McDonald, Colm, Donohoe, Gary, Morris, Derek W., Kenny, Elaine, Kelleher, Eric, Gill, Michael, Corvin, Aiden, Kirov, George, Walters, James T.R., Holmans, Peter, Owen, Michael J., and O’Donovan, Michael C.
Published: 2019
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11. Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci

Author: Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M, Corvin, Aiden, Walters, James TR, Farh, Kai-How, Holmans, Peter A, Lee, Phil, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A, Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H, Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A, Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A Jr, Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Buckner, Randy L, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V, Chambert, Kimberly D, Chan, Raymond CK, Chen, Ronald YL, Chen, Eric YH, Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric FC, Chong, Siow Ann, Cloninger, C Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crowley, James J, Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Favero, Jurgen, Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Durmishi, Naser, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H, Farrell, Martilias S, Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freimer, Nelson B, Friedl, Marion, Friedman, Joseph I, Fromer, Menachem, Genovese, Giulio, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Giegling, Ina, Giusti-Rodriguez, Paola, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I, Golimbet, Vera, Gopal, Srihari, Gratten, Jacob, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hammer, Christian, Hamshere, Marian L, Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hartmann, Annette M, Henskens, Frans A, Herms, Stefan, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Hollegaard, Mads V, Hougaard, David M, Ikeda, Masashi, and Joa, Inge
Subjects: Human Genome, Brain Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, Prevention, Schizophrenia, Genetics, Neurosciences, Mental Health, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mental health, Alleles, Brain, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Glutamic Acid, Humans, Immunity, Multifactorial Inheritance, Mutation, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Synaptic Transmission, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, General Science & Technology
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genetic risk is conferred by a large number of alleles, including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome-wide association studies. Here we report a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study of up to 36,989 cases and 113,075 controls. We identify 128 independent associations spanning 108 conservatively defined loci that meet genome-wide significance, 83 of which have not been previously reported. Associations were enriched among genes expressed in brain, providing biological plausibility for the findings. Many findings have the potential to provide entirely new insights into aetiology, but associations at DRD2 and several genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission highlight molecules of known and potential therapeutic relevance to schizophrenia, and are consistent with leading pathophysiological hypotheses. Independent of genes expressed in brain, associations were enriched among genes expressed in tissues that have important roles in immunity, providing support for the speculated link between the immune system and schizophrenia.
Published: 2014

12. Schizophrenia-associated somatic copy-number variants from 12,834 cases reveal recurrent NRXN1 and ABCB11 disruptions

Author: Maury, Eduardo A., primary, Sherman, Maxwell A., additional, Genovese, Giulio, additional, Gilgenast, Thomas G., additional, Kamath, Tushar, additional, Burris, S.J., additional, Rajarajan, Prashanth, additional, Flaherty, Erin, additional, Akbarian, Schahram, additional, Chess, Andrew, additional, McCarroll, Steven A., additional, Loh, Po-Ru, additional, Phillips-Cremins, Jennifer E., additional, Brennand, Kristen J., additional, Macosko, Evan Z., additional, Walters, James T.R., additional, O’Donovan, Michael, additional, Sullivan, Patrick, additional, Sebat, Jonathan, additional, Lee, Eunjung A., additional, Walsh, Christopher A., additional, Marshall, Christian R., additional, Merico, Daniele, additional, Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma, additional, Wang, Zhouzhi, additional, Scherer, Stephen W., additional, Howrigan, Daniel P, additional, Ripke, Stephan, additional, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, additional, Farh, Kai-How, additional, Fromer, Menachem, additional, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., additional, Huang, Hailiang, additional, Lee, Phil, additional, Daly, Mark J., additional, Neale, Benjamin M., additional, Belliveau, Richard A., additional, Bergen, Sarah E., additional, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, additional, Chambert, Kimberley D., additional, O'Dushlaine, Colm, additional, Scolnick, Edward M., additional, Smoller, Jordan W., additional, Moran, Jennifer L., additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Petryshen, Tracey L., additional, Wu, Wenting, additional, Greer, Douglas S., additional, Antaki, Danny, additional, Shetty, Aniket, additional, Gujral, Madhusudan, additional, Brandler, William M., additional, Malhotra, Dheeraj, additional, Fuentes Fajarado, Karin V., additional, Maile, Michelle S., additional, Holmans, Peter A., additional, Carrera, Noa, additional, Craddock, Nick, additional, Escott-Price, Valentina, additional, Georgieva, Lyudmila, additional, Hamshere, Marian L., additional, Kavanagh, David, additional, Legge, Sophie E., additional, Pocklington, Andrew J., additional, Richards, Alexander L., additional, Ruderfer, Douglas M., additional, Williams, Nigel M., additional, Kirov, George, additional, Owen, Michael J., additional, Pinto, Dalila, additional, Cai, Guiqing, additional, Davis, Kenneth L., additional, Drapeau, Elodie, additional, Friedman, Joseph I, additional, Haroutunian, Vahram, additional, Parkhomenko, Elena, additional, Reichenberg, Abraham, additional, Silverman, Jeremy M., additional, Buxbaum, Joseph D., additional, Domenici, Enrico, additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Djurovic, Srdjan, additional, Mattingsdal, Morten, additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Jönsson, Erik G., additional, Söderman, Erik, additional, Albus, Margot, additional, Alexander, Madeline, additional, Laurent, Claudine, additional, Levinson, Douglas F., additional, Amin, Farooq, additional, Atkins, Joshua, additional, Cairns, Murray J., additional, Scott, Rodney J., additional, Tooney, Paul A., additional, Wu, Jing Qin, additional, Bacanu, Silviu A., additional, Bigdeli, Tim B., additional, Reimers, Mark A., additional, Webb, Bradley T., additional, Wolen, Aaron R., additional, Wormley, Brandon K., additional, Kendler, Kenneth S., additional, Riley, Brien P., additional, Kähler, Anna K., additional, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., additional, Hultman, Christina M., additional, Bertalan, Marcelo, additional, Hansen, Thomas, additional, Olsen, Line, additional, Rasmussen, Henrik B., additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Mattheisen, Manuel, additional, Black, Donald W., additional, Bruggeman, Richard, additional, Buccola, Nancy G., additional, Buckner, Randy L., additional, Roffman, Joshua L., additional, Byerley, William, additional, Cahn, Wiepke, additional, Kahn, René S, additional, Strengman, Eric, additional, Ophoff, Roel A., additional, Carr, Vaughan J., additional, Catts, Stanley V., additional, Henskens, Frans A., additional, Loughland, Carmel M., additional, Michie, Patricia T., additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Schall, Ulrich, additional, Jablensky, Assen V., additional, Kelly, Brian J., additional, Campion, Dominique, additional, Cantor, Rita M., additional, Cheng, Wei, additional, Cloninger, C. Robert, additional, Svrakic, Dragan M, additional, Cohen, David, additional, Cormican, Paul, additional, Donohoe, Gary, additional, Morris, Derek W., additional, Corvin, Aiden, additional, Gill, Michael, additional, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, additional, Crowley, James J., additional, Farrell, Martilias S., additional, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, additional, Kim, Yunjung, additional, Szatkiewicz, Jin P., additional, Williams, Stephanie, additional, Curtis, David, additional, Pimm, Jonathan, additional, Gurling, Hugh, additional, McQuillin, Andrew, additional, Davidson, Michael, additional, Weiser, Mark, additional, Degenhardt, Franziska, additional, Forstner, Andreas J., additional, Herms, Stefan, additional, Hoffmann, Per, additional, Hofman, Andrea, additional, Cichon, Sven, additional, Nöthen, Markus M., additional, Del Favero, Jurgen, additional, DeLisi, Lynn E., additional, McCarley, Robert W., additional, Levy, Deborah L., additional, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., additional, Seidman, Larry J., additional, Dikeos, Dimitris, additional, Papadimitriou, George N., additional, Dinan, Timothy, additional, Duan, Jubao, additional, Sanders, Alan R., additional, Gejman, Pablo V., additional, Gershon, Elliot S., additional, Dudbridge, Frank, additional, Eichhammer, Peter, additional, Eriksson, Johan, additional, Salomaa, Veikko, additional, Essioux, Laurent, additional, Fanous, Ayman H., additional, Knowles, James A., additional, Pato, Michele T., additional, Pato, Carlos N., additional, Frank, Josef, additional, Meier, Sandra, additional, Schulze, Thomas G., additional, Strohmaier, Jana, additional, Witt, Stephanie H., additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, Franke, Lude, additional, Karjalainen, Juha, additional, Freedman, Robert, additional, Olincy, Ann, additional, Freimer, Nelson B., additional, Purcell, Shaun M., additional, Roussos, Panos, additional, Stahl, Eli A., additional, Sklar, Pamela, additional, Giegling, Ina, additional, Hartmann, Annette M., additional, Konte, Bettina, additional, Rujescu, Dan, additional, Godard, Stephanie, additional, Hirschhorn, Joel N., additional, Pers, Tune H., additional, Price, Alkes, additional, Esko, Tõnu, additional, Gratten, Jacob, additional, Lee, S. Hong, additional, Visscher, Peter M., additional, Wray, Naomi R., additional, Mowry, Bryan J., additional, de Haan, Lieuwe, additional, Meijer, Carin J., additional, Hansen, Mark, additional, Ikeda, Masashi, additional, Iwata, Nakao, additional, Joa, Inge, additional, Kalaydjieva, Luba, additional, Keller, Matthew C., additional, Kennedy, James L., additional, Zai, Clement C., additional, Knight, Jo, additional, Lerer, Bernard, additional, Liang, Kung-Yee, additional, Lieberman, Jeffrey, additional, Stroup, T. Scott, additional, Lönnqvist, Jouko, additional, Suvisaari, Jaana, additional, Maher, Brion S., additional, Maier, Wolfgang, additional, Mallet, Jacques, additional, McDonald, Colm, additional, McIntosh, Andrew M., additional, Blackwood, Douglas H.R., additional, Metspalu, Andres, additional, Milani, Lili, additional, Milanova, Vihra, additional, Mokrab, Younes, additional, Collier, David A., additional, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, additional, Murphy, Kieran C., additional, Murray, Robin M., additional, Powell, John, additional, Myin-Germeys, Inez, additional, Van Os, Jim, additional, Nenadic, Igor, additional, Nertney, Deborah A., additional, Nestadt, Gerald, additional, Pulver, Ann E., additional, Nicodemus, Kristin K., additional, Nisenbaum, Laura, additional, Nordin, Annelie, additional, Adolfsson, Rolf, additional, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, additional, Oh, Sang-Yun, additional, O'Neill, F. Anthony, additional, Paunio, Tiina, additional, Pietiläinen, Olli, additional, Perkins, Diana O., additional, Quested, Digby, additional, Savitz, Adam, additional, Li, Qingqin S., additional, Schwab, Sibylle G., additional, Shi, Jianxin, additional, Spencer, Chris C.A., additional, Thirumalai, Srinivas, additional, Veijola, Juha, additional, Waddington, John, additional, Walsh, Dermot, additional, Wildenauer, Dieter B., additional, Bramon, Elvira, additional, Darvasi, Ariel, additional, Posthuma, Danielle, additional, St. Clair, David, additional, Shanta, Omar, additional, Klein, Marieke, additional, Park, Peter J., additional, Weinberger, Daniel, additional, Moran, John V., additional, Gage, Fred H., additional, Vaccarino, Flora M., additional, Gleeson, Joseph, additional, Mathern, Gary, additional, Courchesne, Eric, additional, Roy, Subhojit, additional, Bizzotto, Sara, additional, Coulter, Michael, additional, Dias, Caroline, additional, D'Gama, Alissa, additional, Ganz, Javier, additional, Hill, Robert, additional, Huang, August Yue, additional, Khoshkhoo, Sattar, additional, Kim, Sonia, additional, Lodato, Michael, additional, Miller, Michael, additional, Borges-Monroy, Rebeca, additional, Rodin, Rachel, additional, Zhou, Zinan, additional, Bohrson, Craig, additional, Chu, Chong, additional, Cortes-Ciriano, Isidro, additional, Dou, Yanmei, additional, Galor, Alon, additional, Gulhan, Doga, additional, Kwon, Minseok, additional, Luquette, Joe, additional, Viswanadham, Vinay, additional, Jones, Attila, additional, Rosenbluh, Chaggai, additional, Cho, Sean, additional, Langmead, Ben, additional, Thorpe, Jeremy, additional, Erwin, Jennifer, additional, Jaffe, Andrew, additional, McConnell, Michael, additional, Narurkar, Rujuta, additional, Paquola, Apua, additional, Shin, Jooheon, additional, Straub, Richard, additional, Abyzov, Alexej, additional, Bae, Taejeong, additional, Jang, Yeongjun, additional, Wang, Yifan, additional, Gage, Fred, additional, Linker, Sara, additional, Reed, Patrick, additional, Wang, Meiyan, additional, Urban, Alexander, additional, Zhou, Bo, additional, Zhu, Xiaowei, additional, Pattni, Reenal, additional, Amero, Aitor Serres, additional, Juan, David, additional, Lobon, Irene, additional, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, additional, Moruno, Manuel Solis, additional, Perez, Raquel Garcia, additional, Povolotskaya, Inna, additional, Soriano, Eduardo, additional, Averbuj, Dan, additional, Ball, Laurel, additional, Breuss, Martin, additional, Yang, Xiaoxu, additional, Chung, Changuk, additional, Emery, Sarah B., additional, Flasch, Diane A., additional, Kidd, Jeffrey M., additional, Kopera, Huira C., additional, Kwan, Kenneth Y., additional, Mills, Ryan E., additional, Moldovan, John B., additional, Sun, Chen, additional, Zhao, Xuefang, additional, Zhou, Weichen, additional, Frisbie, Trenton J., additional, Cherskov, Adriana, additional, Fasching, Liana, additional, Jourdon, Alexandre, additional, Pochareddy, Sirisha, additional, Scuderi, Soraya, additional, and Sestan, Nenad, additional
Published: 2023
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13. Identification of putative second genetic hits in schizophrenia carriers of high-risk copy number variants and resequencing in additional samples

Author: Rodríguez-López, Julio, Sobrino, Beatriz, Amigo, Jorge, Carrera, Noa, Brenlla, Julio, Agra, Santiago, Paz, Eduardo, Carracedo, Ángel, Páramo, Mario, Arrojo, Manuel, and Costas, Javier
Published: 2018
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14. Genetic testing in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: in whom and when?

Author: Tato, Ana María, Carrera, Noa, García-Murias, Maria, Shabaka, Amir, Ávila, Ana, Mora, María Teresa Mora, Rabasco, Cristina, Soto, Karina, Alvarez, Francisco Jose de la Prada, Fernández-Lorente, Loreto, Rodríguez-Moreno, Antolina, Huerta, Ana, Mon, Carmen, García-Carro, Clara, Cabrera, Fayna González, Navarro, Juan Antonio Martín, Romera, Ana, Gutiérrez, Eduardo, Villacorta, Javier, and Lorenzo, Alberto de
Subjects: *FOCAL segmental glomerulosclerosis, *GENETIC testing, *GLOMERULAR filtration rate, *BODY mass index, *SERUM albumin, *GENETIC variation, *PEDIATRIC nephrology
Abstract: Background Genetic causes are increasingly recognized in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), but it remains unclear which patients should undergo genetic study. Our objective was to determine the frequency and distribution of genetic variants in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome FSGS (SRNS-FSGS) and in FSGS of undetermined cause (FSGS-UC). Methods We performed targeted exome sequencing of 84 genes associated with glomerulopathy in patients with adult-onset SRNS-FSGS or FSGS-UC after ruling out secondary causes. Results Seventy-six patients met the study criteria; 24 presented with SRNS-FSGS and 52 with FSGS-UC. We detected FSGS-related disease-causing variants in 27/76 patients (35.5%). There were no differences between genetic and non-genetic causes in age, proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate, serum albumin, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes or family history. Hematuria was more prevalent among patients with genetic causes. We found 19 pathogenic variants in COL4A3–5 genes in 16 (29.3%) patients. NPHS2 mutations were identified in 6 (16.2%) patients. The remaining cases had variants affecting INF2, OCRL, ACTN4 genes or APOL1 high-risk alleles. FSGS-related genetic variants were more common in SRNS-FSGS than in FSGS-UC (41.7% vs 32.7%). Four SRNS-FSGS patients presented with NPHS2 disease-causing variants. COL4A variants were the most prevalent finding in FSGS-UC patients, with 12 patients carrying disease-causing variants in these genes. Conclusions FSGS-related variants were detected in a substantial number of patients with SRNS-FSGS or FSGS-UC, regardless of age of onset of disease or the patient's family history. In our experience, genetic testing should be performed in routine clinical practice for the diagnosis of this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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15. A polygenic resilience score moderates the genetic risk for schizophrenia

Author: Hess, Jonathan L, Tylee, Daniel S, Mors, Ole, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Duncanson, Audrey, Durmishi, Naser, Edkins, Sarah, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Esko, Tõnu, Nordentoft, Merete, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H, Farh, Kai-How, Farrell, Martilias S, Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freeman, Colin, Freimer, Nelson B, Friedl, Marion, Hougaard, David M, Friedman, Joseph I, Fromer, Menachem, Gejman, Pablo V, Genovese, Giulio, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Giannoulatou, Eleni, Giegling, Ina, Gill, Michael, Gillman, Matthew, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Byberg-Grauholm, Jonas, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I, Golimbet, Vera, Gopal, Srihari, Gratten, Jacob, Gray, Emma, Gurling, Hugh, Gwilliam, Rhian, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hall, Jeremy, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Hammer, Christian, Hammond, Naomi, Hamshere, Marian L, Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hartmann, Annette M, Hellenthal, Garrett, Henskens, Frans A, Herms, Stefan, Greenwood, Tiffany A, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Hollegaard, Mads V, Huang, Hailiang, Hultman, Christina M, Hunt, Sarah E, Ikeda, Masashi, Iwata, Nakao, Iyegbe, Conrad, Tsuang, Ming T, Jablensky, Assen V, Jankowski, Janusz, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, Joa, Inge, Jönsson, Erik G, Julià, Antonio, Kähler, Anna K, Kahn, René S, Kalaydjieva, Luba, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Curtis, David, Karjalainen, Juha, Kavanagh, David, Keller, Matthew C, Kendler, Kenneth S, Kennedy, James L, Khrunin, Andrey, Kim, Yunjung, Kirov, George, Klovins, Janis, Knight, Jo, Steinberg, Stacy, Knowles, James A, Konte, Bettina, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, Langford, Cordelia, Laurent, Claudine, Lawrie, Stephen, Lee, S Hong, Lee, Phil, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Lee, Jimmy, Legge, Sophie E, Lencz, Todd, Lerer, Bernard, Levinson, Douglas F, Lewis, Cathryn M, Li, Tao, Li, Qingqin S, Li, Miaoxin, Liang, Kung-Yee, Mattheisen, Manuel, Stefánsson, Hreinn, Liddle, Jennifer, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Limborska, Svetlana, Lin, Kuang, Linszen, Don H, Liu, Jianjun, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Loughland, Carmel M, Lubinski, Jan, Macek, Milan, Stefánsson, Kári, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Maher, Brion S, Maier, Wolfgang, Malhotra, Anil K, Mallet, Jacques, Markus, Hugh S, Marsal, Sara, Mata, Ignacio, Mathew, Christopher G, Mattingsdal, Morten, Edenberg, Howard J, McCann, Owen T, McCarley, Robert W, McCarroll, Steven A, McCarthy, Mark I, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McQuillin, Andrew, Meier, Sandra, Meijer, Carin J, Melegh, Bela, Holmans, Peter, Melle, Ingrid, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I, Metspalu, Andres, Michie, Patricia T, Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Moran, Jennifer L, Morris, Derek W, Mowry, Bryan J, Faraone, Stephen V, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Murphy, Kieran C, Murray, Robin M, Myin-Germeys, Inez, Neale, Benjamin M, Nelis, Mari, Nenadic, Igor, Nertney, Deborah A, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicodemus, Kristin K, Glatt, Stephen J, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, Nöthen, Markus M, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, O'Donovan, Michael C, O'Dushlaine, Colm, O'Neill, F Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Olincy, Ann, Adolfsson, Rolf, Olsen, Line, Ophoff, Roel A, Van Os, Jim, Owen, Michael J, Palmer, Colin N A, Palotie, Aarno, Pantelis, Christos, Papadimitriou, George N, Papiol, Sergi, Parkhomenko, Elena, Agartz, Ingrid, Pato, Michele T, Pato, Carlos N, Paunio, Tiina, Pearson, Richard, Cairns, Murray J, DeLisi, Lynn E, Gershon, Elliot S, Kelly, Brian J, Lam, Max, Norgren, Nina, Agerbo, Esben, Paciga, Sara A, Tooney, Paul A, Wu, Jing Qin, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Perkins, Diana O, Pers, Tune H, Petryshen, Tracey L, Pietiläinen, Olli, Pimm, Jonathan, Pirinen, Matti, Albus, Margot, Plomin, Robert, Pocklington, Andrew J, Posthuma, Danielle, Potter, Simon C, Powell, John, Price, Alkes, Pulver, Ann E, Purcell, Shaun M, Quested, Digby, Rasmussen, Henrik B, Consortium, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, Alexander, Madeline, Rautanen, Anna, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, Reichenberg, Abraham, Reimers, Mark A, Richards, Alexander L, Ricketts, Michelle, Rietschel, Marcella, Riley, Brien P, Ripke, Stephan, Roffman, Joshua L, Amin, Farooq, Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M, Rujescu, Dan, Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R, Sawcer, Stephen J, Schall, Ulrich, Schubert, Christian R, Schulze, Thomas G, Schwab, Sibylle G, Andreassen, Ole A, Scolnick, Edward M, Scott, Rodney J, Seidman, Larry J, Sham, Pak C, Shi, Jianxin, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Silverman, Jeremy M, Sim, Kang, Sklar, Pamela, Arranz, Maria J, Slominsky, Petr, Smoller, Jordan W, So, Hon-Cheong, Söderman, Erik, Spencer, Chris C A, Clair, David St, Stahl, Eli A, Stogmann, Elisabeth, Strange, Amy, Straub, Richard E, Bacanu, Silviu A, Strengman, Eric, Strohmaier, Jana, Stroup, T Scott, Su, Zhan, Subramaniam, Mythily, Sullivan, Patrick F, Suvisaari, Jaana, Svrakic, Dragan M, Szatkiewicz, Jin P, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Avazeh, Bakker, Steven, Thirumalai, Srinivas, Toncheva, Draga, Tosato, Sarah, Trembath, Richard C, Veijola, Juha, Visscher, Peter M, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Vukcevic, Damjan, Waddington, John, Waller, Matthew, Band, Gavin, Walsh, Dermot, Walshe, Muriel, Walters, James T R, Wang, Qiang, Wang, Dai, Webb, Bradley T, Weinberger, Daniel R, Weisbrod, Matthias, Weiser, Mark, Wendland, Jens R, Barroso, Ines, Weston, Paul, Whittaker, Pamela, Widaa, Sara, Wiersma, Durk, Wildenauer, Dieter B, Williams, Stephanie, Williams, Nigel M, Witt, Stephanie H, Wolen, Aaron R, Wong, Emily H M, Begemann, Martin, Wood, Nicholas W, Wormley, Brandon K, Wray, Naomi R, Xi, Hualin Simon, Zai, Clement C, Zheng, Xuebin, Zimprich, Fritz, Bellenguez, Céline, Research, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric, Belliveau, Richard A, Bender, Stephan, Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Blackburn, Hannah, Blackwell, Jenefer M, Blackwood, Douglas H R, Børglum, Anders D, Bramon, Elvira, Brown, Matthew A, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Buckner, Randy L, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Bumpstead, Suzannah J, Buxbaum, Joseph D, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Als, Thomas D, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Casas, Juan P, Catts, Stanley V, Chambert, Kimberley D, Chan, Ronald Y L, Chan, Raymond C K, Grove, Jakob, Chen, Eric Y H, Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric F C, Chong, Siow Ann, Cichon, Sven, Cloninger, C Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Collier, David A, Cormican, Paul, Werge, Thomas, Corvin, Aiden, Craddock, Nick, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James J, Daly, Mark J, Darvasi, Ariel, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Favero, Jurgen, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Deloukas, Panos, Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Domenici, Enrico, Donnelly, Peter, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Dronov, Serge, Læknadeild (HÍ), Faculty of Medicine (UI), Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Health Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland, Adult Psychiatry, ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, ANS - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Mental Health, Hess, Jonathan L, Tylee, Daniel S, Mattheisen, Manuel, Borglum, Anders D, Glatt, Stephen J, Lee, Sand Hong, Schizophrenia Working Group of thePsychiatric Genomics Consortium, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Complex Trait Genetics, and Myin-Germeys, Inez
Subjects: Multifactorial Inheritance, Schizophrenia/genetics, Genome-wide association study, Disease, Medical and Health Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, schizophrenia, genetics, risk, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, genetics, polygenic score, Aetiology, genome wide association study, risk, Genetics, Psychiatry, 0303 health sciences, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Single Nucleotide, Genomics, Biological Sciences, Serious Mental Illness, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Penetrance, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mental Health, Mendelian disease, Erfðarannsóknir, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), high risk, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Geðklofi, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Allele, Polymorphism, Resilience (network), Molecular Biology, resilience, Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, Science & Technology, Prevention, Human Genome, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, schizophrenia, Good Health and Well Being, Schizophrenia, Neurosciences & Neurology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Based on the discovery by the Resilience Project (Chen R. et al. Nat Biotechnol 34:531–538, 2016) of rare variants that confer resistance to Mendelian disease, and protective alleles for some complex diseases, we posited the existence of genetic variants that promote resilience to highly heritable polygenic disorders1,0 such as schizophrenia. Resilience has been traditionally viewed as a psychological construct, although our use of the term resilience refers to a different construct that directly relates to the Resilience Project, namely: heritable variation that promotes resistance to disease by reducing the penetrance of risk loci, wherein resilience and risk loci operate orthogonal to one another. In this study, we established a procedure to identify unaffected individuals with relatively high polygenic risk for schizophrenia, and contrasted them with risk-matched schizophrenia cases to generate the first known “polygenic resilience score” that represents the additive contributions to SZ resistance by variants that are distinct from risk loci. The resilience score was derived from data compiled by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, and replicated in three independent samples. This work establishes a generalizable framework for finding resilience variants for any complex, heritable disorder., SJG is supported by grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (5R01MH101519, 5R01AG054002), the Sidney R. Baer, Jr. Foundation, and NARSAD: The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. SVF is supported by the K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement number 602805, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 667302 and NIMH grants 5R01MH101519 and U01 MH109536-01. HJE is supported by grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (U10 AA008401; U01 MH109532). Statistical analyses were conducted on the Genetic Cluster Computer, which is financially supported by the Netherlands Scientific Organization (NOW; 480-05-003) along with a supplement from the Dutch Brain Foundation and VU University. The Danish iPSYCH (The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research) and GEMS2 teams acknowledge funding from The Lundbeck Foundation (grant no R102-A9118 and R155-2014-1724), the Stanley Medical Research Institute, an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (project no: 294838), the Danish Strategic Research Council and grants from Aarhus University to the iSEQ and CIRRAU centers. The Danish National Biobank resource at Statens Serum Institut was supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. Computational resources for handling and statistical analysis of iPSYCH data on the GenomeDK HPC facility were provided by the iSEQ center, Aarhus University, Denmark (grant to ADB).
Published: 2021

16. Genetic Kidney Diseases (GKDs) Modeling Using Genome Editing Technologies

Author: Gómez-García, Fernando, primary, Martínez-Pulleiro, Raquel, additional, Carrera, Noa, additional, Allegue, Catarina, additional, and Garcia-Gonzalez, Miguel A., additional
Published: 2022
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17. Interaction Testing and Polygenic Risk Scoring to Estimate the Association of Common Genetic Variants With Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia

Author: Pardiñas, Antonio F., Smart, Sophie E., Corvin, Aiden, Freimer, Nelson B., Friedl, Marion, Friedman, Joseph I., Fromer, Menachem, Genovese, Giulio, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Gershon, Elliot S., Giegling, Ina, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Godard, Stephanie, Fanous, Ayman H., Goldstein, Jacqueline I., Golimbet, Vera, Gopal, Srihari, Gratten, Jacob, Haan, Lieuwe de, Hammer, Christian, Hamshere, Marian L., Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Haroutunian, Vahram, Frank, Josef, Hartmann, Annette M., Henskens, Frans A., Herms, Stefan, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Hollegaard, Mads V., Hougaard, David M., Ikeda, Masashi, Joa, Inge, Kelly, Brian, Julià, Antonio, Kahn, René S., Kalaydjieva, Luba, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Karjalainen, Juha, Kavanagh, David, Keller, Matthew C., Kennedy, James L., Khrunin, Andrey, Kim, Yunjung, McQuillin, Andrew, Klovins, Janis, Knowles, James A., Konte, Bettina, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, Kähler, Anna K., Laurent, Claudine, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, Lee, S. Hong, Melle, Ingrid, Lerer, Bernard, Li, Miaoxin, Li, Tao, Liang, Kung-Yee, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel M., Lubinski, Jan, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Macek, Milan, Mortensen, Preben B., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Maher, Brion S., Maier, Wolfgang, Mallet, Jacques, Marsal, Sara, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mattingsdal, Morten, McCarley, Robert W., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., Mowry, Bryan J., Meier, Sandra, Meijer, Carin J., Melegh, Bela, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., Metspalu, Andres, Michie, Patricia T., Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Pato, Carlos N., Morris, Derek W., Mors, Ole, Murphy, Kieran C., Myin-Germeys, Inez, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nelis, Mari, Nenadic, Igor, Nertney, Deborah A., Nestadt, Gerald, Nicodemus, Kristin K., Periyasamy, Sathish, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, O’Callaghan, Eadbhard, O’Dushlaine, Colm, O’Neill, F. Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Olincy, Ann, Olsen, Line, Os, Jim Van, Willcocks, Isabella R., Rietschel, Marcella, Pantelis, Christos, Papadimitriou, George N., Papiol, Sergi, Parkhomenko, Elena, Pato, Michele T., Paunio, Tiina, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Perkins, Diana O., Pietiläinen, Olli, Pimm, Jonathan, Rujescu, Dan, Pocklington, Andrew J., Powell, John, Price, Alkes, Pulver, Ann E., Purcell, Shaun M., Quested, Digby, Rasmussen, Henrik B., Reichenberg, Abraham, Reimers, Mark A., Richards, Alexander L., Simonsen, Carmen, Roffman, Joshua L., Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M., Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schubert, Christian R., Schulze, Thomas G., Schwab, Sibylle G., Scolnick, Edward M., St Clair, David, Scott, Rodney J., Seidman, Larry J., Shi, Jianxin, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Silverman, Jeremy M., Sim, Kang, Slominsky, Petr, Smoller, Jordan W., So, Hon-Cheong, Tooney, Paul, Spencer, Chris C. A., Stahl, Eli A., Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Stogmann, Elisabeth, Straub, Richard E., Strengman, Eric, Strohmaier, Jana, Stroup, T. Scott, Subramaniam, Mythily, Wu, Jing Qin, Suvisaari, Jaana, Svrakic, Dragan M., Szatkiewicz, Jin P., Söderman, Erik, Thirumalai, Srinivas, Toncheva, Draga, Tosato, Sarah, Veijola, Juha, Waddington, John, Walsh, Dermot, Andreassen, Ole A., Wang, Dai, Wang, Qiang, Webb, Bradley T., Weiser, Mark, Wildenauer, Dieter B., Williams, Nigel M., Williams, Stephanie, Witt, Stephanie H., Wolen, Aaron R., Wong, Emily H. M., Kowalec, Kaarina, Wormley, Brandon K., Xi, Hualin Simon, Zai, Clement C., Zheng, Xuebin, Zimprich, Fritz, Wray, Naomi R., Stefansson, Kari, Visscher, Peter M., Adolfsson, Rolf, Blackwood, Douglas H. R., Sullivan, Patrick F., Bramon, Elvira, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Børglum, Anders D., Cichon, Sven, Darvasi, Ariel, Domenici, Enrico, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Esko, Tõnu, Gejman, Pablo V., Gill, Michael, Murray, Robin M., Gurling, Hugh, Hultman, Christina M., Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V., Jönsson, Erik G., Kendler, Kenneth S., Kirov, George, Knight, Jo, Lencz, Todd, Levinson, Douglas F., Holmans, Peter A., Owen, Michael J., Li, Qingqin S., Liu, Jianjun, Malhotra, Anil K., McCarroll, Steven A., Moran, Jennifer L., Nöthen, Markus M., Ophoff, Roel A., Palotie, Aarno, Petryshen, Tracey L., MacCabe, James H., Posthuma, Danielle, Riley, Brien P., Sham, Pak C., Sklar, Pamela, Clair, David St, Weinberger, Daniel R., Wendland, Jens R., Werge, Thomas, Daly, Mark J., Agbedjro, Deborah, O’Donovan, Michael C., Stahl, Daniel, Kapur, Shitij, Millgate, Edward, Kepinska, Adrianna, Kravariti, Eugenia, Ajnakina, Olesya, Alameda, Luis, Barnes, Thomas R. E., Berardi, Domenico, Bonora, Elena, Walters, James T. R., Camporesi, Sara, Cleusix, Martine, Conus, Philippe, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, D’Andrea, Giuseppe, Demjaha, Arsime, Do, Kim Q., Doody, Gillian A., Eap, Chin B., Ferchiou, Aziz, Ripke, Stephan, Di Forti, Marta, Guidi, Lorenzo, Homman, Lina, Jenni, Raoul, Joyce, Eileen M., Kassoumeri, Laura, Khadimallah, Inès, Lastrina, Ornella, Muratori, Roberto, Noyan, Handan, Neale, Benjamin M., O’Neill, Francis A., Pignon, Baptiste, Restellini, Romeo, Richard, Jean-Romain, Schürhoff, Franck, Španiel, Filip, Szöke, Andrei, Tarricone, Ilaria, Tortelli, Andrea, Üçok, Alp, Farh, Kai-How, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Lee, Phil, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A., Dennison, Charlotte A., Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H., Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A., Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A ., Lynham, Amy J., Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E., Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Black, Donald W., Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G., Buckner, Randy L., Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Legge, Sophie E., Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M., Carr, Vaughan J., Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V., Chambert, Kimberly D., Chan, Raymond C. K., Chen, Ronald Y. L., Chen, Eric Y. H., Cheng, Wei, Baune, Bernhard T., Cheung, Eric F. C., Chong, Siow Ann, Cloninger, C. Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crowley, James J., Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Bigdeli, Tim B., Davis, Kenneth L., Degenhardt, Franziska, Favero, Jurgen Del, DeLisi, Lynn E., Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Cairns, Murray J., Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Durmishi, Naser, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Essioux, Laurent, Farrell, Martilias S., Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Genetics Workstream of the Schizophrenia Treatment Resistance and Therapeutic Advances (STRATA) Consortium and the Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), Ripke, S., Neale, B.M., Farh, K.H., Lee, P., Bulik-Sullivan, B., Collier, D.A., Huang, H., Pers, T.H., Agartz, I., Agerbo, E., Albus, M., Alexander, M., Amin, F., Bacanu, S.A., Begemann, M., Belliveau, R.A., Bene, J., Bergen, S.E., Bevilacqua, E., Black, D.W., Bruggeman, R., Buccola, N.G., Buckner, R.L., Byerley, W., Cahn, W., Cai, G., Campion, D., Cantor, R.M., Carr, V.J., Carrera, N., Catts, S.V., Chambert, K.D., Chan, RCK, Chen, RYL, Chen, EYH, Cheng, W., Cheung, EFC, Chong, S.A., Cloninger, C.R., Cohen, D., Cohen, N., Cormican, P., Craddock, N., Crowley, J.J., Curtis, D., Davidson, M., Davis, K.L., Degenhardt, F., Favero, J.D., DeLisi, L.E., Demontis, D., Dikeos, D., Dinan, T., Djurovic, S., Donohoe, G., Drapeau, E., Duan, J., Dudbridge, F., Durmishi, N., Eichhammer, P., Eriksson, J., Escott-Price, V., Essioux, L., Farrell, M.S., Franke, L., Freedman, R., Freimer, N.B., Friedl, M., Friedman, J.I., Fromer, M., Genovese, G., Georgieva, L., Gershon, E.S., Giegling, I., Giusti-Rodríguez, P., Godard, S., Goldstein, J.I., Golimbet, V., Gopal, S., Gratten, J., Haan, L., Hammer, C., Hamshere, M.L., Hansen, M., Hansen, T., Haroutunian, V., Hartmann, A.M., Henskens, F.A., Herms, S., Hirschhorn, J.N., Hoffmann, P., Hofman, A., Hollegaard, M.V., Hougaard, D.M., Ikeda, M., Joa, I., Julià, A., Kahn, R.S., Kalaydjieva, L., Karachanak-Yankova, S., Karjalainen, J., Kavanagh, D., Keller, M.C., Kennedy, J.L., Khrunin, A., Kim, Y., Klovins, J., Knowles, J.A., Konte, B., Kucinskas, V., Kucinskiene, Z.A., Kuzelova-Ptackova, H., Kähler, A.K., Laurent, C., Keong, JLC, Lee, S.H., Lerer, B., Li, M., Li, T., Liang, K.Y., Lieberman, J., Limborska, S., Loughland, C.M., Lubinski, J., Lönnqvist, J., Macek, M., Magnusson, PKE, Maher, B.S., Maier, W., Mallet, J., Marsal, S., Mattheisen, M., Mattingsdal, M., McCarley, R.W., McDonald, C., McIntosh, A.M., Meier, S., Meijer, C.J., Melegh, B., Melle, I., Mesholam-Gately, R.I., Metspalu, A., Michie, P.T., Milani, L., Milanova, V., Mokrab, Y., Morris, D.W., Mors, O., Murphy, K.C., Myin-Germeys, I., Müller-Myhsok, B., Nelis, M., Nenadic, I., Nertney, D.A., Nestadt, G., Nicodemus, K.K., Nikitina-Zake, L., Nisenbaum, L., Nordin, A., O'Callaghan, E., O'Dushlaine, C., O'Neill, F.A., Oh, S.Y., Olincy, A., Olsen, L., Os, J.V., Pantelis, C., Papadimitriou, G.N., Papiol, S., Parkhomenko, E., Pato, M.T., Paunio, T., Pejovic-Milovancevic, M., Perkins, D.O., Pietiläinen, O., Pimm, J., Pocklington, A.J., Powell, J., Price, A., Pulver, A.E., Purcell, S.M., Quested, D., Rasmussen, H.B., Reichenberg, A., Reimers, M.A., Richards, A.L., Roffman, J.L., Roussos, P., Ruderfer, D.M., Salomaa, V., Sanders, A.R., Schall, U., Schubert, C.R., Schulze, T.G., Schwab, S.G., Scolnick, E.M., Scott, R.J., Seidman, L.J., Shi, J., Sigurdsson, E., Silagadze, T., Silverman, J.M., Sim, K., Slominsky, P., Smoller, J.W., So, H.C., Spencer, CCA, Stahl, E.A., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Stogmann, E., Straub, R.E., Strengman, E., Strohmaier, J., Stroup, T.S., Subramaniam, M., Suvisaari, J., Svrakic, D.M., Szatkiewicz, J.P., Söderman, E., Thirumalai, S., Toncheva, D., Tosato, S., Veijola, J., Waddington, J., Walsh, D., Wang, D., Wang, Q., Webb, B.T., Weiser, M., Wildenauer, D.B., Williams, N.M., Williams, S., Witt, S.H., Wolen, A.R., Wong, EHM, Wormley, B.K., Xi, H.S., Zai, C.C., Zheng, X., Zimprich, F., Wray, N.R., Stefansson, K., Visscher, P.M., Adolfsson, R., Blackwood, DHR, Bramon, E., Buxbaum, J.D., Børglum, A.D., Cichon, S., Darvasi, A., Domenici, E., Ehrenreich, H., Esko, T., Gejman, P.V., Gill, M., Gurling, H., Hultman, C.M., Iwata, N., Jablensky, A.V., Jönsson, E.G., Kendler, K.S., Kirov, G., Knight, J., Lencz, T., Levinson, D.F., Li, Q.S., Liu, J., Malhotra, A.K., McCarroll, S.A., Moran, J.L., Mortensen, P.B., Nöthen, M.M., Ophoff, R.A., Palotie, A., Petryshen, T.L., Posthuma, D., Riley, B.P., Sham, P.C., Sklar, P., Clair, D.S., Weinberger, D.R., Wendland, J.R., Werge, T., Daly, M.J., Agbedjro, D., Stahl, D., Kapur, S., Millgate, E., Kepinska, A., Kravariti, E., Medical Research Council (UK), Cardiff University, Welsh Government, Health and Care Research Wales, European Commission, Academy of Medical Sciences (UK), Research Council of Norway, K. G. Jebsen Centres for Medical Research, National Institute for Health Research (UK), University College London, Government of Canada, University of Manitoba, Swedish Research Council, National Institute of Mental Health (US), Kings College London, Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), The Psychiatry Research Trust, Maudsley Charity, Swiss National Science Foundation, Fondation Alamaya, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (España), Fundació Seny, Fundación Marques de Valdecilla, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Wellcome Trust, and Universidad de Cantabria
Subjects: Male, endocrine system, Multifactorial Inheritance, animal structures, Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Online First, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Neurogenetics, Medicinsk genetik, Original Investigation, Research, Schizophrenia Sprectum and Other Psychotic Disorders, Featured, Genetics and genomics, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Female, Medical Genetics, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Comments, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: [Importance] About 20% to 30% of people with schizophrenia have psychotic symptoms that do not respond adequately to first-line antipsychotic treatment. This clinical presentation, chronic and highly disabling, is known as treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). The causes of treatment resistance and their relationships with causes underlying schizophrenia are largely unknown. Adequately powered genetic studies of TRS are scarce because of the difficulty in collecting data from well-characterized TRS cohorts., [Objective] To examine the genetic architecture of TRS through the reassessment of genetic data from schizophrenia studies and its validation in carefully ascertained clinical samples., [Design, Setting, and Participants] Two case-control genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of schizophrenia were performed in which the case samples were defined as individuals with TRS (n = 10 501) and individuals with non-TRS (n = 20 325). The differences in effect sizes for allelic associations were then determined between both studies, the reasoning being such differences reflect treatment resistance instead of schizophrenia. Genotype data were retrieved from the CLOZUK and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) schizophrenia studies. The output was validated using polygenic risk score (PRS) profiling of 2 independent schizophrenia cohorts with TRS and non-TRS: a prevalence sample with 817 individuals (Cardiff Cognition in Schizophrenia [CardiffCOGS]) and an incidence sample with 563 individuals (Genetics Workstream of the Schizophrenia Treatment Resistance and Therapeutic Advances [STRATA-G])., [Main Outcomes and Measures] GWAS of treatment resistance in schizophrenia. The results of the GWAS were compared with complex polygenic traits through a genetic correlation approach and were used for PRS analysis on the independent validation cohorts using the same TRS definition., [Results] The study included a total of 85 490 participants (48 635 [56.9%] male) in its GWAS stage and 1380 participants (859 [62.2%] male) in its PRS validation stage. Treatment resistance in schizophrenia emerged as a polygenic trait with detectable heritability (1% to 4%), and several traits related to intelligence and cognition were found to be genetically correlated with it (genetic correlation, 0.41-0.69). PRS analysis in the CardiffCOGS prevalence sample showed a positive association between TRS and a history of taking clozapine (r2 = 2.03%; P = .001), which was replicated in the STRATA-G incidence sample (r2 = 1.09%; P = .04)., [Conclusions and Relevance] In this GWAS, common genetic variants were differentially associated with TRS, and these associations may have been obscured through the amalgamation of large GWAS samples in previous studies of broadly defined schizophrenia. Findings of this study suggest the validity of meta-analytic approaches for studies on patient outcomes, including treatment resistance., This work was supported by Medical Research Council Centre grant MR/L010305/1, Medical Research Council Program grant MR/P005748/1, and Medical Research Council Project grants MR/L011794/1 and MC_PC_17212 to Cardiff University and by the National Centre for Mental Health, funded by the Welsh Government through Health and Care Research Wales. This work acknowledges the support of the Supercomputing Wales project, which is partially funded by the European Regional Development Fund via the Welsh Government. Dr Pardiñas was supported by an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award (SBF005\1083). Dr Andreassen was supported by the Research Council of Norway (grants 283798, 262656, 248980, 273291, 248828, 248778, and 223273); KG Jebsen Stiftelsen, South-East Norway Health Authority, and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant 847776). Dr Ajnakina was supported by an National Institute for Health Research postdoctoral fellowship (PDF-2018-11-ST2-020). Dr Joyce was supported by the University College London Hospitals/UCL University College London Biomedical Research Centre. Dr Kowalec received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement (793530) from the government of Canada Banting postdoctoral fellowship programme and the University of Manitoba. Dr Sullivan was supported by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, D0886501), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme (COSYN, 610307) and the US National Institute of Mental Health (U01 MH109528 and R01 MH077139). The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium was partly supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health (grants R01MH124873). The Sweden Schizophrenia Study was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health (grant R01MH077139). The STRATA consortium was supported by a Stratified Medicine Programme grant to Dr MacCabe from the Medical Research Council (grant MR/L011794/1), which funded the research and supported Drs Pardiñas, Smart, Kassoumeri, Murray, Walters, and MacCabe. Dr Smart was supported by a Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London at King’s College Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust. The AESOP (US) cohort was funded by the UK Medical Research Council (grant G0500817). The Belfast (UK) cohort was funded by the Research and Development Office of Northern Ireland. The Bologna (Italy) cohort was funded by the European Community’s Seventh Framework program (HEALTH-F2-2010–241909, project EU-GEI). The Genetics and Psychosis project (London, UK) cohort was funded by the UK National Institute of Health Research Specialist Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and the Maudsley National Health Service Mental Health Foundation Trust (SLAM) and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience at King’s College London; Psychiatry Research Trust; Maudsley Charity Research Fund; and the European Community’s Seventh Framework program (HEALTH-F2-2009-241909, project EU-GEI). The Lausanne (Switzerland) cohort was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 320030_135736/1, 320030-120686, 324730-144064, 320030-173211, and 171804); the National Center of Competence in Research Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 51AU40_125759); and Fondation Alamaya. The Oslo (Norway) cohort was funded by the Research Council of Norway (grant 223273/F50, under the Centers of Excellence funding scheme, 300309, 283798) and the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (grants 2006233, 2006258, 2011085, 2014102, 2015088, and 2017-112). The Paris (France) cohort was funded by European Community’s Seventh Framework program (HEALTH-F2-2010–241909, project EU-GEI). The Prague (Czech Republic) cohort was funded by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (grant NU20-04-00393). The Santander (Spain) cohort was funded by the following grants to Dr Crespo-Facorro: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grants FIS00/3095, PI020499, PI050427, and PI060507), Plan Nacional de Drogas Research (grant 2005-Orden sco/3246/2004), SENY Fundatio Research (grant 2005-0308007), Fundacion Marques de Valdecilla (grant A/02/07, API07/011) and Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Fund for Regional Development (grants SAF2016-76046-R and SAF2013-46292-R). The West London (UK) cohort was funded by The Wellcome Trust (grants 042025, 052247, and 064607).
Published: 2022

18. Sex-Dependent Shared and Nonshared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders

Author: Blokland, Gabriëlla A.M., primary, Grove, Jakob, additional, Chen, Chia-Yen, additional, Cotsapas, Chris, additional, Tobet, Stuart, additional, Handa, Robert, additional, St Clair, David, additional, Lencz, Todd, additional, Mowry, Bryan J., additional, Periyasamy, Sathish, additional, Cairns, Murray J., additional, Tooney, Paul A., additional, Wu, Jing Qin, additional, Kelly, Brian, additional, Kirov, George, additional, Sullivan, Patrick F., additional, Corvin, Aiden, additional, Riley, Brien P., additional, Esko, Tõnu, additional, Milani, Lili, additional, Jönsson, Erik G., additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, additional, Begemann, Martin, additional, Steixner-Kumar, Agnes, additional, Sham, Pak C., additional, Iwata, Nakao, additional, Weinberger, Daniel R., additional, Gejman, Pablo V., additional, Sanders, Alan R., additional, Buxbaum, Joseph D., additional, Rujescu, Dan, additional, Giegling, Ina, additional, Konte, Bettina, additional, Hartmann, Annette M., additional, Bramon, Elvira, additional, Murray, Robin M., additional, Pato, Michele T., additional, Lee, Jimmy, additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Molden, Espen, additional, Ophoff, Roel A., additional, McQuillin, Andrew, additional, Bass, Nicholas J., additional, Adolfsson, Rolf, additional, Malhotra, Anil K., additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Fullerton, Janice M., additional, Mitchell, Philip B., additional, Schofield, Peter R., additional, Forstner, Andreas J., additional, Degenhardt, Franziska, additional, Schaupp, Sabrina, additional, Comes, Ashley L., additional, Kogevinas, Manolis, additional, Guzman-Parra, José, additional, Reif, Andreas, additional, Streit, Fabian, additional, Sirignano, Lea, additional, Cichon, Sven, additional, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, additional, Hauser, Joanna, additional, Lissowska, Jolanta, additional, Mayoral, Fermin, additional, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, additional, Świątkowska, Beata, additional, Schulze, Thomas G., additional, Nöthen, Markus M., additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, Kelsoe, John, additional, Leboyer, Marion, additional, Jamain, Stéphane, additional, Etain, Bruno, additional, Bellivier, Frank, additional, Vincent, John B., additional, Alda, Martin, additional, O’Donovan, Claire, additional, Cervantes, Pablo, additional, Biernacka, Joanna M., additional, Frye, Mark, additional, McElroy, Susan L., additional, Scott, Laura J., additional, Stahl, Eli A., additional, Landén, Mikael, additional, Hamshere, Marian L., additional, Smeland, Olav B., additional, Djurovic, Srdjan, additional, Vaaler, Arne E., additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Baune, Bernhard T., additional, Air, Tracy, additional, Preisig, Martin, additional, Uher, Rudolf, additional, Levinson, Douglas F., additional, Weissman, Myrna M., additional, Potash, James B., additional, Shi, Jianxin, additional, Knowles, James A., additional, Perlis, Roy H., additional, Lucae, Susanne, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Penninx, Brenda W.J.H., additional, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, additional, de Geus, Eco J.C., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Milaneschi, Yuri, additional, Tiemeier, Henning, additional, Grabe, Hans J., additional, Teumer, Alexander, additional, Van der Auwera, Sandra, additional, Völker, Uwe, additional, Hamilton, Steven P., additional, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., additional, Viktorin, Alexander, additional, Mehta, Divya, additional, Mullins, Niamh, additional, Adams, Mark J., additional, Breen, Gerome, additional, McIntosh, Andrew M., additional, Lewis, Cathryn M., additional, Hougaard, David M., additional, Nordentoft, Merete, additional, Mors, Ole, additional, Mortensen, Preben B., additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Als, Thomas D., additional, Børglum, Anders D., additional, Petryshen, Tracey L., additional, Smoller, Jordan W., additional, Goldstein, Jill M., additional, Ripke, Stephan, additional, Neale, Benjamin M., additional, Walters, James T.R., additional, Farh, Kai-How, additional, Holmans, Peter A., additional, Lee, Phil, additional, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, additional, Collier, David A., additional, Huang, Hailiang, additional, Pers, Tune H., additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Agerbo, Esben, additional, Albus, Margot, additional, Alexander, Madeline, additional, Amin, Farooq, additional, Bacanu, Silviu A., additional, Belliveau, Richard A., additional, Bene, Judit, additional, Bergen, Sarah E., additional, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, additional, Bigdeli, Tim B., additional, Black, Donald W., additional, Bruggeman, Richard, additional, Buccola, Nancy G., additional, Buckner, Randy L., additional, Byerley, William, additional, Cahn, Wiepke, additional, Cai, Guiqing, additional, Campion, Dominique, additional, Cantor, Rita M., additional, Carr, Vaughan J., additional, Carrera, Noa, additional, Catts, Stanley V., additional, Chambert, Kimberly D., additional, Chan, Raymond C.K., additional, Chen, Ronald Y.L., additional, Chen, Eric Y.H., additional, Cheng, Wei, additional, Cheung, Eric F.C., additional, Chong, Siow Ann, additional, Cloninger, C. Robert, additional, Cohen, David, additional, Cohen, Nadine, additional, Cormican, Paul, additional, Craddock, Nick, additional, Crowley, James J., additional, Curtis, David, additional, Davidson, Michael, additional, Davis, Kenneth L., additional, Del Favero, Jurgen, additional, Demontis, Ditte, additional, Dikeos, Dimitris, additional, Dinan, Timothy, additional, Donohoe, Gary, additional, Drapeau, Elodie, additional, Duan, Jubao, additional, Dudbridge, Frank, additional, Durmishi, Naser, additional, Eichhammer, Peter, additional, Eriksson, Johan, additional, Escott-Price, Valentina, additional, Essioux, Laurent, additional, Fanous, Ayman H., additional, Farrell, Martilias S., additional, Frank, Josef, additional, Franke, Lude, additional, Freedman, Robert, additional, Freimer, Nelson B., additional, Friedl, Marion, additional, Friedman, Joseph I., additional, Fromer, Menachem, additional, Genovese, Giulio, additional, Georgieva, Lyudmila, additional, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, additional, Godard, Stephanie, additional, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., additional, Golimbet, Vera, additional, Gopal, Srihari, additional, Gratten, Jacob, additional, de Haan, Lieuwe, additional, Hammer, Christian, additional, Hansen, Mark, additional, Hansen, Thomas, additional, Haroutunian, Vahram, additional, Henskens, Frans A., additional, Herms, Stefan, additional, Hirschhorn, Joel N., additional, Hoffmann, Per, additional, Hofman, Andrea, additional, Hollegaard, Mads V., additional, Ikeda, Masashi, additional, Joa, Inge, additional, Julià, Antonio, additional, Kahn, René S., additional, Kalaydjieva, Luba, additional, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, additional, Karjalainen, Juha, additional, Kavanagh, David, additional, Keller, Matthew C., additional, Kennedy, James L., additional, Khrunin, Andrey, additional, Kim, Yunjung, additional, Klovins, Janis, additional, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, additional, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, additional, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, additional, Kähler, Anna K., additional, Laurent, Claudine, additional, Lee Chee Keong, Jimmy, additional, Lee, S. Hong, additional, Legge, Sophie E., additional, Lerer, Bernard, additional, Li, Miaoxin, additional, Li, Tao, additional, Liang, Kung-Yee, additional, Lieberman, Jeffrey, additional, Limborska, Svetlana, additional, Loughland, Carmel M., additional, Lubinski, Jan, additional, Lönnqvist, Jouko, additional, Macek, Milan, additional, Maher, Brion S., additional, Maier, Wolfgang, additional, Mallet, Jacques, additional, Marsal, Sara, additional, Mattheisen, Manuel, additional, Mattingsdal, Morten, additional, McCarley, Robert W., additional, McDonald, Colm, additional, Meier, Sandra, additional, Meijer, Carin J., additional, Melegh, Bela, additional, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., additional, Metspalu, Andres, additional, Michie, Patricia T., additional, Milanova, Vihra, additional, Mokrab, Younes, additional, Morris, Derek W., additional, Murphy, Kieran C., additional, Myin-Germeys, Inez, additional, Nelis, Mari, additional, Nenadic, Igor, additional, Nertney, Deborah A., additional, Nestadt, Gerald, additional, Nicodemus, Kristin K., additional, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, additional, Nisenbaum, Laura, additional, Nordin, Annelie, additional, O’Callaghan, Eadbhard, additional, O’Dushlaine, Colm, additional, O’Neill, F. Anthony, additional, Oh, Sang-Yun, additional, Olincy, Ann, additional, Olsen, Line, additional, Van Os, Jim, additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Papadimitriou, George N., additional, Papiol, Sergi, additional, Parkhomenko, Elena, additional, Paunio, Tiina, additional, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, additional, Perkins, Diana O., additional, Pietiläinen, Olli, additional, Pimm, Jonathan, additional, Pocklington, Andrew J., additional, Powell, John, additional, Price, Alkes, additional, Pulver, Ann E., additional, Purcell, Shaun M., additional, Quested, Digby, additional, Rasmussen, Henrik B., additional, Reichenberg, Abraham, additional, Reimers, Mark A., additional, Richards, Alexander L., additional, Roffman, Joshua L., additional, Roussos, Panos, additional, Ruderfer, Douglas M., additional, Salomaa, Veikko, additional, Schall, Ulrich, additional, Schubert, Christian R., additional, Schwab, Sibylle G., additional, Scolnick, Edward M., additional, Scott, Rodney J., additional, Seidman, Larry J., additional, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, additional, Silagadze, Teimuraz, additional, Silverman, Jeremy M., additional, Sim, Kang, additional, Slominsky, Petr, additional, So, Hon-Cheong, additional, Spencer, Chris C.A., additional, Stefansson, Hreinn, additional, Steinberg, Stacy, additional, Stogmann, Elisabeth, additional, Straub, Richard E., additional, Strengman, Eric, additional, Strohmaier, Jana, additional, Stroup, T. Scott, additional, Subramaniam, Mythily, additional, Suvisaari, Jaana, additional, Svrakic, Dragan M., additional, Szatkiewicz, Jin P., additional, Söderman, Erik, additional, Thirumalai, Srinivas, additional, Toncheva, Draga, additional, Tosato, Sarah, additional, Veijola, Juha, additional, Waddington, John, additional, Walsh, Dermot, additional, Wang, Dai, additional, Wang, Qiang, additional, Webb, Bradley T., additional, Weiser, Mark, additional, Wildenauer, Dieter B., additional, Williams, Nigel M., additional, Williams, Stephanie, additional, Witt, Stephanie H., additional, Wolen, Aaron R., additional, Wong, Emily H.M., additional, Wormley, Brandon K., additional, Xi, Hualin Simon, additional, Zai, Clement C., additional, Zheng, Xuebin, additional, Zimprich, Fritz, additional, Wray, Naomi R., additional, Stefansson, Kari, additional, Visscher, Peter M., additional, Blackwood, Douglas H.R., additional, Darvasi, Ariel, additional, Domenici, Enrico, additional, Gill, Michael, additional, Gurling, Hugh, additional, Hultman, Christina M., additional, Jablensky, Assen V., additional, Kendler, Kenneth S., additional, Knight, Jo, additional, Li, Qingqin S., additional, Liu, Jianjun, additional, McCarroll, Steven A., additional, Moran, Jennifer L., additional, Owen, Michael J., additional, Pato, Carlos N., additional, Posthuma, Danielle, additional, Sklar, Pamela, additional, Wendland, Jens R., additional, Daly, Mark J., additional, O’Donovan, Michael C., additional, Donnelly, Peter, additional, Barroso, Ines, additional, Blackwell, Jenefer M., additional, Brown, Matthew A., additional, Casas, Juan P., additional, Deloukas, Panos, additional, Duncanson, Audrey, additional, Jankowski, Janusz, additional, Markus, Hugh S., additional, Mathew, Christopher G., additional, Palmer, Colin N.A., additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Rautanen, Anna, additional, Sawcer, Stephen J., additional, Trembath, Richard C., additional, Viswanathan, Ananth C., additional, Wood, Nicholas W., additional, Band, Gavin, additional, Bellenguez, Céline, additional, Freeman, Colin, additional, Giannoulatou, Eleni, additional, Hellenthal, Garrett, additional, Pearson, Richard, additional, Pirinen, Matti, additional, Strange, Amy, additional, Su, Zhan, additional, Vukcevic, Damjan, additional, Langford, Cordelia, additional, Blackburn, Hannah, additional, Bumpstead, Suzannah J., additional, Dronov, Serge, additional, Edkins, Sarah, additional, Gillman, Matthew, additional, Gray, Emma, additional, Gwilliam, Rhian, additional, Hammond, Naomi, additional, Hunt, Sarah E., additional, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, additional, Liddle, Jennifer, additional, McCann, Owen T., additional, Potter, Simon C., additional, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, additional, Ricketts, Michelle, additional, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Avazeh, additional, Waller, Matthew, additional, Weston, Paul, additional, Whittaker, Pamela, additional, Widaa, Sara, additional, McCarthy, Mark I., additional, Arranz, Maria J., additional, Bakker, Steven, additional, Bender, Stephan, additional, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, additional, Hall, Jeremy, additional, Iyegbe, Conrad, additional, Lawrie, Stephen, additional, Lin, Kuang, additional, Linszen, Don H., additional, Mata, Ignacio, additional, Walshe, Muriel, additional, Weisbrod, Matthias, additional, Wiersma, Durk, additional, Trubetskoy, Vassily, additional, Wang, Yunpeng, additional, Coleman, Jonathan R.I., additional, Gaspar, Héléna A., additional, de Leeuw, Christiaan A., additional, Whitehead Pavlides, Jennifer M., additional, Trzaskowski, Maciej, additional, Byrne, Enda M., additional, Abbott, Liam, additional, Akil, Huda, additional, Albani, Diego, additional, Alliey-Rodriguez, Ney, additional, Anjorin, Adebayo, additional, Antilla, Verneri, additional, Awasthi, Swapnil, additional, Badner, Judith A., additional, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, additional, Barchas, Jack D., additional, Bass, Nicholas, additional, Bauer, Michael, additional, Belliveau, Richard, additional, Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker, additional, Bøen, Erlend, additional, Boks, Marco P., additional, Boocock, James, additional, Budde, Monika, additional, Bunney, William, additional, Burmeister, Margit, additional, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, additional, Casas, Miquel, additional, Cerrato, Felecia, additional, Chambert, Kimberly, additional, Charney, Alexander W., additional, Chen, Danfeng, additional, Churchhouse, Claire, additional, Clarke, Toni-Kim, additional, Coryell, William, additional, Craig, David W., additional, Cruceanu, Cristiana, additional, Czerski, Piotr M., additional, Dale, Anders M., additional, de Jong, Simone, additional, Del-Favero, Jurgen, additional, DePaulo, J. Raymond, additional, Dobbyn, Amanda L., additional, Dumont, Ashley, additional, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, additional, Fan, Chun Chieh, additional, Fischer, Sascha B., additional, Flickinger, Matthew, additional, Foroud, Tatiana M., additional, Forty, Liz, additional, Fraser, Christine, additional, Gade, Katrin, additional, Gage, Diane, additional, Garnham, Julie, additional, Giambartolomei, Claudia, additional, Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, additional, Goldstein, Jaqueline, additional, Gordon, Scott D., additional, Gordon-Smith, Katherine, additional, Green, Elaine K., additional, Green, Melissa J., additional, Greenwood, Tiffany A., additional, Guan, Weihua, additional, Hautzinger, Martin, additional, Heilbronner, Urs, additional, Hipolito, Maria, additional, Holland, Dominic, additional, Huckins, Laura, additional, Johnson, Jessica S., additional, Kandaswamy, Radhika, additional, Karlsson, Robert, additional, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, additional, Koller, Anna C., additional, Kupka, Ralph, additional, Lavebratt, Catharina, additional, Lawrence, Jacob, additional, Lawson, William B., additional, Leber, Markus, additional, Lee, Phil H., additional, Levy, Shawn E., additional, Li, Jun Z., additional, Liu, Chunyu, additional, Maaser, Anna, additional, MacIntyre, Donald J., additional, Mahon, Pamela B., additional, Martinsson, Lina, additional, McCarroll, Steve, additional, McGuffin, Peter, additional, McInnis, Melvin G., additional, McKay, James D., additional, Medeiros, Helena, additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Meng, Fan, additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Mühleisen, Thomas W., additional, Nguyen, Hoang, additional, Nievergelt, Caroline M., additional, Adolfsson, Annelie Nordin, additional, Nwulia, Evaristus A., additional, O'Donovan, Claire, additional, Olde Loohuis, Loes M., additional, Ori, Anil P.S., additional, Oruc, Lilijana, additional, Ösby, Urban, additional, Perry, Amy, additional, Pfennig, Andrea, additional, Regeer, Eline J., additional, Reinbold, Céline S., additional, Rice, John P., additional, Rivas, Fabio, additional, Rivera, Margarita, additional, Ryu, Euijung, additional, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, additional, Schatzberg, Alan F., additional, Scheftner, William A., additional, Schork, Nicholas J., additional, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, additional, Shehktman, Tatyana, additional, Shilling, Paul D., additional, Slaney, Claire, additional, Sobell, Janet L., additional, Hansen, Christine Søholm, additional, Spijker, Anne T., additional, Steffens, Michael, additional, Strauss, John S., additional, Szelinger, Szabolcs, additional, Thompson, Robert C., additional, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., additional, Treutlein, Jens, additional, Vedder, Helmut, additional, Wang, Weiqing, additional, Watson, Stanley J., additional, Weickert, Thomas W., additional, Xi, Simon, additional, Xu, Wei, additional, Young, Allan H., additional, Zandi, Peter, additional, Zhang, Peng, additional, Zöllner, Sebastian, additional, Abdellaoui, Abdel, additional, Air, Tracy M., additional, Andlauer, Till F.M., additional, Bacanu, Silviu-Alin, additional, Beekman, Aartjan T.F., additional, Binder, Elisabeth B., additional, Bryois, Julien, additional, Buttenschøn, Henriette N., additional, Cai, Na, additional, Castelao, Enrique, additional, Christensen, Jane Hvarregaard, additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucía, additional, Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste, additional, Crawford, Gregory E., additional, Davies, Gail, additional, Deary, Ian J., additional, Derks, Eske M., additional, Direk, Nese, additional, Dolan, Conor V., additional, Dunn, Erin C., additional, Eley, Thalia C., additional, Hassan Kiadeh, Farnush Farhadi, additional, Finucane, Hilary K., additional, Foo, Jerome C., additional, Goes, Fernando S., additional, Hall, Lynsey S., additional, Hansen, Thomas F., additional, Hickie, Ian B., additional, Homuth, Georg, additional, Horn, Carsten, additional, Howard, David M., additional, Ising, Marcus, additional, Jansen, Rick, additional, Jones, Ian, additional, Jones, Lisa A., additional, Jorgenson, Eric, additional, Kohane, Isaac S., additional, Kraft, Julia, additional, Kretzschmar, Warren W., additional, Kutalik, Zoltán, additional, Li, Yihan, additional, Lind, Penelope A., additional, MacKinnon, Dean F., additional, Maier, Robert M., additional, Marchini, Jonathan, additional, Mbarek, Hamdi, additional, McGrath, Patrick, additional, Middeldorp, Christel M., additional, Mihailov, Evelin, additional, Mondimore, Francis M., additional, Mostafavi, Sara, additional, Nauck, Matthias, additional, Ng, Bernard, additional, Nivard, Michel G., additional, Nyholt, Dale R., additional, O'Reilly, Paul F., additional, Oskarsson, Hogni, additional, Painter, Jodie N., additional, Peterson, Roseann E., additional, Peyrot, Wouter J., additional, Pistis, Giorgio, additional, Quiroz, Jorge A., additional, Qvist, Per, additional, Mirza, Saira Saeed, additional, Schoevers, Robert, additional, Schulte, Eva C., additional, Shen, Ling, additional, Shyn, Stanley I., additional, Sinnamon, Grant C.B., additional, Smit, Johannes H., additional, Smith, Daniel J., additional, Tansey, Katherine E., additional, Teismann, Henning, additional, Thompson, Wesley, additional, Thomson, Pippa A., additional, Traylor, Matthew, additional, Uitterlinden, André G., additional, Umbricht, Daniel, additional, van Hemert, Albert M., additional, Weinsheimer, Shantel Marie, additional, Wellmann, Jürgen, additional, Wu, Yang, additional, Xi, Hualin S., additional, Yang, Jian, additional, Zhang, Futao, additional, Arolt, Volker, additional, Berger, Klaus, additional, Dannlowski, Udo, additional, Domschke, Katharina, additional, Hayward, Caroline, additional, Heath, Andrew C., additional, Kloiber, Stefan, additional, Lewis, Glyn, additional, Madden, Pamela AF., additional, Magnusson, Patrik K., additional, Mortensen, Preben Bo, additional, O'Donovan, Michael C., additional, Paciga, Sara A., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Porteous, David J., additional, Schaefer, Catherine, additional, Völzke, Henry, additional, Blokland, Gabriëlla A.M., additional, Bortolato, Marco, additional, Bralten, Janita, additional, Bulik, Cynthia M., additional, Burton, Christie L., additional, Carey, Caitlin E., additional, Davis, Lea K., additional, Duncan, Laramie E., additional, Edenberg, Howard J., additional, Erdman, Lauren, additional, Faraone, Stephen V., additional, Goleva, Slavina B., additional, Guo, Wei, additional, Hübel, Christopher, additional, Huckins, Laura M., additional, Khramtsova, Ekaterina A., additional, Martin, Joanna, additional, Mathews, Carol A., additional, Robinson, Elise, additional, Stahl, Eli, additional, Stranger, Barbara E., additional, Traglia, Michela, additional, Walters, Raymond K., additional, Weiss, Lauren A., additional, Winham, Stacey J., additional, Yao, Yin, additional, Skajaa, Kristjar, additional, Nöthen, Markus, additional, Owen, Michael, additional, Yolken, Robert H., additional, Plath, Niels, additional, Mill, Jonathan, additional, and Geschwind, Daniel, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. De novo mutations identified by exome sequencing implicate rare missense variants in SLC6A1 in schizophrenia

Author: Rees, Elliott, Han, Jun, Morgan, Joanne, Carrera, Noa, Escott-Price, Valentina, Pocklington, Andrew J., Duffield, Madeleine, Hall, Lynsey S., Legge, Sophie E., Pardinas, Antonio F., Richards, Alexander L., Roth, Julian, Lezheiko, Tatyana, Kondratyev, Nikolay, Kaleda, Vasilii, Golimbet, Vera, Parellada, Mara, Gonzalez-Penas, Javier, Arango, Celso, Alizadeh, Behrooz Z., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Bruggeman, Richard, Cahn, Wiepke, de Haan, Lieuwe, Luykx, Jurjen J., Rutten, Bart P. F., van Os, Jim, van Winkel, Ruud, Gawlik, Micha, Kirov, George, Walters, James T. R., Holmans, Peter, O'Donovan, Michael C., Owen, Michael J., Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, Adult Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Psychiatrie (9), RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, MUMC+: MA Psychiatrie (3), and RS: MHeNs - R3 - Neuroscience
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Proband, Adult, Male, GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, DISORDERS, Mutation, Missense, Genome-wide association study, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Exome Sequencing, mental disorders, medicine, Missense mutation, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Bipolar disorder, COMMON, Exome sequencing, Genetics, RISK, Mutation, ARCHITECTURE, General Neuroscience, ASSOCIATION, medicine.disease, FRAMEWORK, INDIVIDUALS, INSIGHTS, 030104 developmental biology, Schizophrenia, Female, BURDEN, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a highly polygenic disorder with important contributions from both common and rare risk alleles. We analyzed exome sequencing data for de novo variants (DNVs) in a new sample of 613 schizophrenia trios and combined this with published data to give a total of 3,444 trios. In this new data, loss-of-function (LoF) DNVs were significantly enriched among 3,471 LoF-intolerant genes, which supports previous findings. In the full dataset, genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 159) were significantly enriched for LoF DNVs. Within these neurodevelopmental disorder genes, SLC6A1, which encodes a γ-aminobutyric acid transporter, was associated with missense-damaging DNVs. In 1,122 trios for which genome-wide common variant data were available, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder polygenic risk were significantly overtransmitted to probands. Probands carrying LoF or deletion DNVs in LoF-intolerant or neurodevelopmental disorder genes had significantly less overtransmission of schizophrenia polygenic risk than did non-carriers, which provides a second robust line of evidence that these DNVs increase liability to schizophrenia.
Published: 2020

20. A Comparison of Ten Polygenic Score Methods for Psychiatric Disorders Applied Across Multiple Cohorts

Author: Ni, Guiyan, primary, Zeng, Jian, additional, Revez, Joana A., additional, Wang, Ying, additional, Zheng, Zhili, additional, Ge, Tian, additional, Restuadi, Restuadi, additional, Kiewa, Jacqueline, additional, Nyholt, Dale R., additional, Coleman, Jonathan R.I., additional, Smoller, Jordan W., additional, Yang, Jian, additional, Visscher, Peter M., additional, Wray, Naomi R., additional, Ripke, Stephan, additional, Neale, Benjamin M., additional, Corvin, Aiden, additional, Walters, James T.R., additional, Farh, Kai-How, additional, Holmans, Peter A., additional, Lee, Phil, additional, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, additional, Collier, David A., additional, Huang, Hailiang, additional, Pers, Tune H., additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Agerbo, Esben, additional, Albus, Margot, additional, Alexander, Madeline, additional, Amin, Farooq, additional, Bacanu, Silviu A., additional, Begemann, Martin, additional, Belliveau, Richard A., additional, Bene, Judit, additional, Bergen, Sarah E., additional, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, additional, Bigdeli, Tim B., additional, Black, Donald W., additional, Bruggeman, Richard, additional, Buccola, Nancy G., additional, Buckner, Randy L., additional, Byerley, William, additional, Cahn, Wiepke, additional, Cai, Guiqing, additional, Campion, Dominique, additional, Cantor, Rita M., additional, Carr, Vaughan J., additional, Carrera, Noa, additional, Catts, Stanley V., additional, Chambert, Kimberley D., additional, Chan, Raymond C.K., additional, Chen, Ronald Y.L., additional, Chen, Eric Y.H., additional, Cheng, Wei, additional, Cheung, Eric F.C., additional, Chong, Siow Ann, additional, Cloninger, C. Robert, additional, Cohen, David, additional, Cohen, Nadine, additional, Cormican, Paul, additional, Craddock, Nick, additional, Crowley, James J., additional, Davidson, Michael, additional, Davis, Kenneth L., additional, Degenhardt, Franziska, additional, Del Favero, Jurgen, additional, Demontis, Ditte, additional, Dikeos, Dimitris, additional, Dinan, Timothy, additional, Djurovic, Srdjan, additional, Donohoe, Gary, additional, Drapeau, Elodie, additional, Duan, Jubao, additional, Dudbridge, Frank, additional, Durmishi, Naser, additional, Eichhammer, Peter, additional, Eriksson, Johan, additional, Escott-Price, Valentina, additional, Essioux, Laurent, additional, Fanous, Ayman H., additional, Farrell, Martilias S., additional, Frank, Josef, additional, Franke, Lude, additional, Freedman, Robert, additional, Freimer, Nelson B., additional, Friedl, Marion, additional, Friedman, Joseph I., additional, Fromer, Menachem, additional, Genovese, Giulio, additional, Georgieva, Lyudmila, additional, Giegling, Ina, additional, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, additional, Godard, Stephanie, additional, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., additional, Golimbet, Vera, additional, Gopal, Srihari, additional, Gratten, Jacob, additional, de Haan, Lieuwe, additional, Hammer, Christian, additional, Hamshere, Marian L., additional, Hansen, Mark, additional, Hansen, Thomas, additional, Haroutunian, Vahram, additional, Hartmann, Annette M., additional, Henskens, Frans A., additional, Herms, Stefan, additional, Hirschhorn, Joel N., additional, Hoffmann, Per, additional, Hofman, Andrea, additional, Hollegaard, Mads V., additional, Hougaard, David M., additional, Ikeda, Masashi, additional, Joa, Inge, additional, Julià, Antonio, additional, Kahn, René S., additional, Kalaydjieva, Luba, additional, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, additional, Karjalainen, Juha, additional, Kavanagh, David, additional, Keller, Matthew C., additional, Kennedy, James L., additional, Khrunin, Andrey, additional, Kim, Yunjung, additional, Klovins, Janis, additional, Knowles, James A., additional, Konte, Bettina, additional, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, additional, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, additional, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, additional, Kähler, Anna K., additional, Laurent, Claudine, additional, Lee, Jimmy, additional, Lee, S. Hong, additional, Legge, Sophie E., additional, Lerer, Bernard, additional, Li, Miaoxin, additional, Li, Tao, additional, Liang, Kung-Yee, additional, Lieberman, Jeffrey, additional, Limborska, Svetlana, additional, Loughland, Carmel M., additional, Lubinski, Jan, additional, Lönnqvist, Jouko, additional, Macek, Milan, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., additional, Maher, Brion S., additional, Maier, Wolfgang, additional, Mallet, Jacques, additional, Marsal, Sara, additional, Mattheisen, Manuel, additional, Mattingsdal, Morten, additional, McCarley, Robert W., additional, McDonald, Colm, additional, McIntosh, Andrew M., additional, Meier, Sandra, additional, Meijer, Carin J., additional, Melegh, Bela, additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., additional, Metspalu, Andres, additional, Michie, Patricia T., additional, Milani, Lili, additional, Milanova, Vihra, additional, Mokrab, Younes, additional, Morris, Derek W., additional, Mors, Ole, additional, Murphy, Kieran C., additional, Murray, Robin M., additional, Myin-Germeys, Inez, additional, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, additional, Nelis, Mari, additional, Nenadic, Igor, additional, Nertney, Deborah A., additional, Nestadt, Gerald, additional, Nicodemus, Kristin K., additional, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, additional, Nisenbaum, Laura, additional, Nordin, Annelie, additional, O’Callaghan, Eadbhard, additional, O’Dushlaine, Colm, additional, O’Neill, F. Anthony, additional, Oh, Sang-Yun, additional, Olincy, Ann, additional, Olsen, Line, additional, Van Os, Jim, additional, International Consortium, Psychosis Endophenotypes, additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Papadimitriou, George N., additional, Papiol, Sergi, additional, Parkhomenko, Elena, additional, Pato, Michele T., additional, Paunio, Tiina, additional, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, additional, Perkins, Diana O., additional, Pietiläinen, Olli, additional, Pimm, Jonathan, additional, Pocklington, Andrew J., additional, Powell, John, additional, Price, Alkes, additional, Pulver, Ann E., additional, Purcell, Shaun M., additional, Quested, Digby, additional, Rasmussen, Henrik B., additional, Reichenberg, Abraham, additional, Reimers, Mark A., additional, Richards, Alexander L., additional, Roffman, Joshua L., additional, Roussos, Panos, additional, Ruderfer, Douglas M., additional, Salomaa, Veikko, additional, Sanders, Alan R., additional, Schall, Ulrich, additional, Schubert, Christian R., additional, Schulze, Thomas G., additional, Schwab, Sibylle G., additional, Scolnick, Edward M., additional, Scott, Rodney J., additional, Seidman, Larry J., additional, Shi, Jianxin, additional, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, additional, Silagadze, Teimuraz, additional, Silverman, Jeremy M., additional, Sim, Kang, additional, Slominsky, Petr, additional, So, Hon-Cheong, additional, Spencer, Chris C.A., additional, Stahl, Eli A., additional, Stefansson, Hreinn, additional, Steinberg, Stacy, additional, Stogmann, Elisabeth, additional, Straub, Richard E., additional, Strengman, Eric, additional, Strohmaier, Jana, additional, Stroup, T. Scott, additional, Subramaniam, Mythily, additional, Suvisaari, Jaana, additional, Svrakic, Dragan M., additional, Szatkiewicz, Jin P., additional, Söderman, Erik, additional, Thirumalai, Srinivas, additional, Toncheva, Draga, additional, Tosato, Sarah, additional, Veijola, Juha, additional, Waddington, John, additional, Walsh, Dermot, additional, Wang, Dai, additional, Wang, Qiang, additional, Webb, Bradley T., additional, Weiser, Mark, additional, Wildenauer, Dieter B., additional, Williams, Nigel M., additional, Williams, Stephanie, additional, Witt, Stephanie H., additional, Wolen, Aaron R., additional, Wong, Emily H.M., additional, Wormley, Brandon K., additional, Xi, Hualin Simon, additional, Zai, Clement C., additional, Zheng, Xuebin, additional, Zimprich, Fritz, additional, Stefansson, Kari, additional, Case-Control Consortium, Wellcome Trust, additional, Adolfsson, Rolf, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Blackwood, Douglas H.R., additional, Bramon, Elvira, additional, Buxbaum, Joseph D., additional, Børglum, Anders D., additional, Cichon, Sven, additional, Darvasi, Ariel, additional, Domenici, Enrico, additional, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, additional, Esko, Tõnu, additional, Gejman, Pablo V., additional, Gill, Michael, additional, Gurling, Hugh, additional, Hultman, Christina M., additional, Iwata, Nakao, additional, Jablensky, Assen V., additional, Jönsson, Erik G., additional, Kendler, Kenneth S., additional, Kirov, George, additional, Knight, Jo, additional, Lencz, Todd, additional, Levinson, Douglas F., additional, Li, Qingqin S., additional, Liu, Jianjun, additional, Malhotra, Anil K., additional, McCarroll, Steven A., additional, McQuillin, Andrew, additional, Moran, Jennifer L., additional, Mortensen, Preben B., additional, Mowry, Bryan J., additional, Nöthen, Markus M., additional, Ophoff, Roel A., additional, Owen, Michael J., additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Pato, Carlos N., additional, Petryshen, Tracey L., additional, Posthuma, Danielle, additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, Riley, Brien P., additional, Rujescu, Dan, additional, Sham, Pak C., additional, Sklar, Pamela, additional, St Clair, David, additional, Weinberger, Daniel R., additional, Wendland, Jens R., additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Daly, Mark J., additional, Sullivan, Patrick F., additional, O’Donovan, Michael C., additional, Trzaskowski, Maciej, additional, Byrne, Enda M., additional, Abdellaoui, Abdel, additional, Adams, Mark J., additional, Air, Tracy M., additional, Andlauer, Till F.M., additional, Bacanu, Silviu-Alin, additional, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, additional, Beekman, Aartjan T.F., additional, Binder, Elisabeth B., additional, Bryois, Julien, additional, Buttenschøn, Henriette N., additional, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, additional, Cai, Na, additional, Castelao, Enrique, additional, Christensen, Jane Hvarregaard, additional, Clarke, Toni-Kim, additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucía, additional, Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste, additional, Crawford, Gregory E., additional, Davies, Gail, additional, Deary, Ian J., additional, Derks, Eske M., additional, Direk, Nese, additional, Dolan, Conor V., additional, Dunn, Erin C., additional, Eley, Thalia C., additional, Hassan Kiadeh, Farnush Farhadi, additional, Finucane, Hilary K., additional, Foo, Jerome C., additional, Forstner, Andreas J., additional, Gaspar, Héléna A., additional, Goes, Fernando S., additional, Gordon, Scott D., additional, Grove, Jakob, additional, Hall, Lynsey S., additional, Hansen, Christine Søholm, additional, Hansen, Thomas F., additional, Hickie, Ian B., additional, Homuth, Georg, additional, Horn, Carsten, additional, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, additional, Howard, David M., additional, Ising, Marcus, additional, Jansen, Rick, additional, Jones, Ian, additional, Jones, Lisa A., additional, Jorgenson, Eric, additional, Kohane, Isaac S., additional, Kraft, Julia, additional, Kretzschmar, Warren W., additional, Kutalik, Zoltán, additional, Li, Yihan, additional, Lind, Penelope A., additional, MacIntyre, Donald J., additional, MacKinnon, Dean F., additional, Maier, Robert M., additional, Marchini, Jonathan, additional, Mbarek, Hamdi, additional, McGrath, Patrick, additional, McGuffin, Peter, additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Mehta, Divya, additional, Middeldorp, Christel M., additional, Mihailov, Evelin, additional, Milaneschi, Yuri, additional, Mondimore, Francis M., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Mostafavi, Sara, additional, Mullins, Niamh, additional, Nauck, Matthias, additional, Ng, Bernard, additional, Nivard, Michel G., additional, O’Reilly, Paul F., additional, Oskarsson, Hogni, additional, Painter, Jodie N., additional, Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker, additional, Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, additional, Peterson, Roseann E., additional, Peyrot, Wouter J., additional, Pistis, Giorgio, additional, Quiroz, Jorge A., additional, Qvist, Per, additional, Rice, John P., additional, Rivera, Margarita, additional, Mirza, Saira Saeed, additional, Schoevers, Robert, additional, Schulte, Eva C., additional, Shen, Ling, additional, Shyn, Stanley I., additional, Sinnamon, Grant C.B., additional, Smit, Johannes H., additional, Smith, Daniel J., additional, Streit, Fabian, additional, Tansey, Katherine E., additional, Teismann, Henning, additional, Teumer, Alexander, additional, Thompson, Wesley, additional, Thomson, Pippa A., additional, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., additional, Traylor, Matthew, additional, Treutlein, Jens, additional, Trubetskoy, Vassily, additional, Uitterlinden, André G., additional, Umbricht, Daniel, additional, Van der Auwera, Sandra, additional, van Hemert, Albert M., additional, Viktorin, Alexander, additional, Wang, Yunpeng, additional, Weinsheimer, Shantel Marie, additional, Wellmann, Jürgen, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Wu, Yang, additional, Xi, Hualin S., additional, Zhang, Futao, additional, Arolt, Volker, additional, Baune, Bernhard T., additional, Berger, Klaus, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Dannlowski, Udo, additional, de Geus, E.J.C., additional, DePaulo, J. Raymond, additional, Domschke, Katharina, additional, Grabe, Hans J., additional, Hamilton, Steven P., additional, Hayward, Caroline, additional, Heath, Andrew C., additional, Kloiber, Stefan, additional, Lewis, Glyn, additional, Lucae, Susanne, additional, Madden, Pamela A.F., additional, Magnusson, Patrik K., additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Mortensen, Preben Bo, additional, Nordentoft, Merete, additional, Paciga, Sara A., additional, and Pedersen, Nancy L., additional
Published: 2021
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21. Molecular Basis, Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Approaches of Bartter and Gitelman Syndromes: A Primer for Clinicians

Author: Nuñez-Gonzalez, Laura, primary, Carrera, Noa, additional, and Garcia-Gonzalez, Miguel A., additional
Published: 2021
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22. De novo mutations in schizophrenia implicate synaptic networks

Author: Fromer, Menachem, Pocklington, Andrew J., Kavanagh, David H., Williams, Hywel J., Dwyer, Sarah, Gormley, Padhraig, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Rees, Elliott, Palta, Priit, Ruderfer, Douglas M., Carrera, Noa, Humphreys, Isla, Johnson, Jessica S., Roussos, Panos, Barker, Douglas D., Banks, Eric, Milanova, Vihra, Grant, Seth G., Hannon, Eilis, Rose, Samuel A., Chambert, Kimberly, Mahajan, Milind, Scolnick, Edward M., Moran, Jennifer L., Kirov, George, Palotie, Aarno, McCarroll, Steven A., Holmans, Peter, Sklar, Pamela, Owen, Michael J., Purcell, Shaun M., and O'Donovan, Michael C.
Subjects: Gene mutations -- Health aspects -- Psychological aspects, Neural circuitry -- Genetic aspects, Schizophrenia -- Genetic aspects, Synapses -- Genetic aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract: Inherited alleles account for most of the genetic risk for schizophrenia. However, new (de novo) mutations, in the form of large chromosomal copy number changes, occur in a small fraction of cases and disproportionally disrupt genes encoding postsynaptic proteins. Here we show that small de novo mutations, affecting one or a few nucleotides, are overrepresented among glutamatergic postsynaptic proteins comprising activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) complexes. Mutations are additionally enriched in proteins that interact with these complexes to modulate synaptic strength, namely proteins regulating actin filament dynamics and those whose messenger RNAs are targets of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Genes affected by mutations in schizophrenia overlap those mutated in autism and intellectual disability, as do mutation-enriched synaptic pathways. Aligning our findings with a parallel case-control study, we demonstrate reproducible insights into aetiological mechanisms for schizophrenia and reveal pathophysiology shared with other neurodevelopmental disorders., Schizophrenia is a disorder whose pathophysiology is largely unknown. It has a lifetime risk of about 1%, is frequently chronic and socially disabling, and is associated with an average reduction [...]
Published: 2014
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23. Testing the antagonistic pleiotropy model of schizophrenia susceptibility by analysis of DAOA, PPP1R1B, and APOL1 genes

Author: Carrera, Noa, Arrojo, Manuel, Paz, Eduardo, Ramos-Ríos, Ramón, Agra, Santiago, Páramo, Mario, Brenlla, Julio, and Costas, Javier
Published: 2010
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24. A common haplotype of DRD3 affected by recent positive selection is associated with protection from schizophrenia

Author: Costas, Javier, Carrera, Noa, Domínguez, Eduardo, Vilella, Elisabet, Martorell, Lourdes, Valero, Joaquín, Gutiérrez-Zotes, Alfonso, Labad, Antonio, and Carracedo, Ángel
Published: 2009
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25. Complement genes contribute sex-biased vulnerability in diverse disorders

Author: Kamitaki, Nolan, Sekar, Aswin, Consortium, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, Friedman, Joseph I, Fromer, Menachem, Genovese, Giulio, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Gershon, Elliot S, Giegling, Ina, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I, Golimbet, Vera, Boehnke, Michael, Gopal, Srihari, Gratten, Jacob, de Haan, Lieuwe, Mitjans, Marina, Hamshere, Marian L, Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hartmann, Annette M, Henskens, Frans A, Kimberly, Robert P, Herms, Stefan, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Hollegaard, Mads V, Hougaard, David M, Ikeda, Masashi, Joa, Inge, Julià, Antonio, Kahn, René S, Kaufman, Kenneth M, Kalaydjieva, Luba, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Karjalainen, Juha, Kavanagh, David, Keller, Matthew C, Kelly, Brian J, Kennedy, James L, Khrunin, Andrey, Kim, Yunjung, Klovins, Janis, Harley, John B, Knowles, James A, Konte, Bettina, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, Kähler, Anna K, Laurent, Claudine, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, Lee, S Hong, Legge, Sophie E, Langefeld, Carl D, Lerer, Bernard, Li, Miaoxin, Li, Tao, Liang, Kung-Yee, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel M, Lubinski, Jan, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Macek, Milan, Seidman, Christine E, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Maher, Brion S, Maier, Wolfgang, Mallet, Jacques, Marsal, Sara, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mattingsdal, Morten, McCarley, Robert W, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, Pato, Michele T, Meier, Sandra, Meijer, Carin J, Melegh, Bela, Melle, Ingrid, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I, Metspalu, Andres, Michie, Patricia T, Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Pato, Carlos N, Morris, Derek W, Mors, Ole, Murphy, Kieran C, Murray, Robin M, Myin-Germeys, Inez, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nelis, Mari, Nenadic, Igor, Nertney, Deborah A, Nestadt, Gerald, Ophoff, Roel A, Nicodemus, Kristin K, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, O'Dushlaine, Colm, O'Neill, F Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Olincy, Ann, Olsen, Line, Handsaker, Robert E, Graham, Robert R, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Papadimitriou, George N, Steixner, Agnes A, Parkhomenko, Elena, Paunio, Tiina, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Perkins, Diana O, Pietiläinen, Olli, Criswell, Lindsey A, Pimm, Jonathan, Pocklington, Andrew J, Powell, John, Price, Alkes, Pulver, Ann E, Purcell, Shaun M, Quested, Digby, Rasmussen, Henrik B, Reichenberg, Abraham, Reimers, Mark A, Vyse, Timothy J, Richards, Alexander L, Roffman, Joshua L, Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M, Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R, Schall, Ulrich, Schubert, Christian R, Schulze, Thomas G, Schwab, Sibylle G, McCarroll, Steven A, Scolnick, Edward M, Scott, Rodney J, Seidman, Larry J, Shi, Jianxin, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Silverman, Jeremy M, Sim, Kang, Slominsky, Petr, Smoller, Jordan W, Ripke, Stephan, So, Hon-Cheong, Spencer, Chris C A, Stahl, Eli A, Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Stogmann, Elisabeth, Straub, Richard E, Strengman, Eric, Strohmaier, Jana, Stroup, T Scott, Neale, Benjamin M, Subramaniam, Mythily, Suvisaari, Jaana, Svrakic, Dragan M, Szatkiewicz, Jin P, Söderman, Erik, Thirumalai, Srinivas, Toncheva, Draga, Tooney, Paul A, Tosato, Sarah, Veijola, Juha, Corvin, Aiden, Waddington, John, Walsh, Dermot, Wang, Dai, Wang, Qiang, Webb, Bradley T, Weiser, Mark, Wildenauer, Dieter B, Williams, Nigel M, Williams, Stephanie, Witt, Stephanie H, Walters, James T R, Wolen, Aaron R, Wong, Emily H M, Wormley, Brandon K, Wu, Jing Qin, Xi, Hualin Simon, Zai, Clement C, Zheng, Xuebin, Zimprich, Fritz, Wray, Naomi R, Stefansson, Kari, Farh, Kai-How, Visscher, Peter M, Adolfsson, Rolf, Andreassen, Ole A, Blackwood, Douglas H R, Bramon, Elvira, Buxbaum, Joseph D, Børglum, Anders D, Cichon, Sven, Darvasi, Ariel, Domenici, Enrico, Holmans, Peter A, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Esko, Tõnu, Gejman, Pablo V, Gill, Michael, Gurling, Hugh, Hultman, Christina M, Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V, Jönsson, Erik G, Kendler, Kenneth S, de Rivera, Heather, Lee, Phil, Kirov, George, Knight, Jo, Lencz, Todd, Levinson, Douglas F, Li, Qingqin S, Liu, Jianjun, Malhotra, Anil K, McQuillin, Andrew, Moran, Jennifer L, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Mortensen, Preben B, Mowry, Bryan J, Nöthen, Markus M, Owen, Michael J, Palotie, Aarno, Petryshen, Tracey L, Posthuma, Danielle, Rietschel, Marcella, Collier, David A, Riley, Brien P, Rujescu, Dan, Sham, Pak C, Sklar, Pamela, Clair, David St, Weinberger, Daniel R, Wendland, Jens R, Werge, Thomas, Daly, Mark J, Sullivan, Patrick F, Huang, Hailiang, O'Donovan, Michael C, Pers, Tune H, Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Tooley, Katherine, Bacanu, Silviu A, Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A, Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Morris, David L, Buckner, Randy L, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Cairns, Murray J, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V, Taylor, Kimberly E, Chambert, Kimberly D, Chan, Raymond C K, Chen, Ronald Y L, Chen, Eric Y H, Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric F C, Chong, Siow Ann, Cloninger, C Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Whelan, Christopher W, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James J, Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Favero, Jurgen, DeLisi, Lynn E, Tombleson, Philip, Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Durmishi, Naser, Eichhammer, Peter, Loohuis, Loes M Olde, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H, Farrell, Martilias S, Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freimer, Nelson B, Friedl, Marion, Adult Psychiatry, ANS - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Mental Health, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Kamitaki, Nolan, Sekar, Aswin, Handsaker, Robert E, de Rivera, Heather, Lee, S Hong, McCarroll, Steven A, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Clinicum, Johan Eriksson / Principal Investigator, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, HUS Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Population, Health and Society, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Human genetics, and Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, SLE, Sjogren's Syndrome/blood, complement cascade, Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics, Major Histocompatibility Complex, 0302 clinical medicine, MOLECULAR-BASIS, HLA Antigens, Genotype, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Medicine, Aetiology, SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS, Complement C3/analysis, SUSCEPTIBILITY VARIANTS, RISK, SJOGRENS-SYNDROME, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Complement component 4, Sex Characteristics, Multidisciplinary, Complement C4, Complement C3, HLA Antigens/genetics, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Complement cascade, Mental Health, Sjogren's Syndrome, genetic association study, Female, ddc:500, Systemic/blood, Biotechnology, Sex characteristics, Adult, General Science & Technology, Lupus, Human leukocyte antigen, Autoimmune Disease, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Systemic lupus erythematosus, C4 DEFICIENCY, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Genetics, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, Alleles, Genetic association study, Differential disease vulnerability, Lupus erythematosus, Lupus Erythematosus, business.industry, Inflammatory and immune system, Systemic, Haplotype, C4A, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, COPY-NUMBER, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, Sjögren’s syndrome, Immunology, Schizophrenia, Complement C4/analysis, AUTOANTIBODIES, 3111 Biomedicine, MHC, business, DEFICIENCY STATES, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Many common illnesses, for reasons that have not been identified, differentially affect men and women. For instance, the autoimmune diseases systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome affect nine times more women than men1, whereas schizophrenia affects men with greater frequency and severity relative to women2. All three illnesses have their strongest common genetic associations in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus, an association that in SLE and Sjögren’s syndrome has long been thought to arise from alleles of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes at that locus3–6. Here we show that variation of the complement component 4 (C4) genes C4A and C4B, which are also at the MHC locus and have been linked to increased risk for schizophrenia7, generates 7-fold variation in risk for SLE and 16-fold variation in risk for Sjögren’s syndrome among individuals with common C4 genotypes, with C4A protecting more strongly than C4B in both illnesses. The same alleles that increase risk for schizophrenia greatly reduce risk for SLE and Sjögren’s syndrome. In all three illnesses, C4 alleles act more strongly in men than in women: common combinations of C4A and C4B generated 14-fold variation in risk for SLE, 31-fold variation in risk for Sjögren’s syndrome, and 1.7-fold variation in schizophrenia risk among men (versus 6-fold, 15-fold and 1.26-fold variation in risk among women, respectively). At a protein level, both C4 and its effector C3 were present at higher levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma8,9 in men than in women among adults aged between 20 and 50 years, corresponding to the ages of differential disease vulnerability. Sex differences in complement protein levels may help to explain the more potent effects of C4 alleles in men, women’s greater risk of SLE and Sjögren’s syndrome and men’s greater vulnerability to schizophrenia. These results implicate the complement system as a source of sexual dimorphism in vulnerability to diverse illnesses.
Published: 2020

26. Targeted Sequencing of 10,198 Samples Confirms Abnormalities in Neuronal Activity and Implicates Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis

Author: Rees, Elliott, Carrera, Noa, Morgan, Joanne, Hambridge, Kirsty, Escott-Price, Valentina, Pocklington, Andrew J., Richards, Alexander L., Pardiñas, Antonio F., Alizadeh, Behrooz Z., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A., van Beveren, Nico J., Bruggeman, Richard, Cahn, Wiepke, de Haan, Lieuwe, Delespaul, Philippe, Meijer, Carin J., Myin-Germeys, Inez, Kahn, Rene S., Schirmbeck, Frederike, Simons, Claudia J.P., van Haren, Neeltje E., van Os, Jim, van Winkel, Ruud, Luykx, Jurjen J., McDonald, Colm, Donohoe, Gary, Morris, Derek W., Kenny, Elaine, Kelleher, Eric, Gill, Michael, Corvin, Aiden, Kirov, George, Walters, James T.R., Holmans, Peter, Owen, Michael J., O'Donovan, Michael C., and GROUP Investigators
Subjects: NMDAR, Genetics, Schizophrenia, Sequencing, Voltage-gated sodium channels, ARC, Biological Psychiatry
Abstract: Background: Sequencing studies have pointed to the involvement in schizophrenia of rare coding variants in neuronally expressed genes, including activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) complexes; however, larger samples are required to reveal novel genes and specific biological mechanisms. Methods: We sequenced 187 genes, selected for prior evidence of association with schizophrenia, in a new dataset of 5207 cases and 4991 controls. Included among these genes were members of ARC and NMDAR postsynaptic protein complexes, as well as voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. We performed a rare variant meta-analysis with published sequencing data for a total of 11,319 cases, 15,854 controls, and 1136 trios. Results: While no individual gene was significantly associated with schizophrenia after genome-wide correction for multiple testing, we strengthen the evidence that rare exonic variants in the ARC (p = 4.0 × 10–4) and NMDAR (p = 1.7 × 10–5) synaptic complexes are risk factors for schizophrenia. In addition, we found that loss-of-function variants and missense variants at paralog-conserved sites were enriched in voltage-gated sodium channels, particularly the alpha subunits (p = 8.6 × 10–4). Conclusions: In one of the largest sequencing studies of schizophrenia to date, we provide novel evidence that multiple voltage-gated sodium channels are involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis and confirm the involvement of ARC and NMDAR postsynaptic complexes.
Published: 2019

27. Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions provides insights into schizophrenia risk

Author: Huckins, Laura M, Dobbyn, Amanda, Ruderfer, Douglas M, Hoffman, Gabriel, Wang, Weiqing, Pardinas, Antonio F, Rajagopal, Veera M, Als, Thomas D, Nguyen, Hoang T, Girdhar, Kiran, Boocock, James, Roussos, Panos, Fromer, Menachem, Kramer, Robin, Domenici, Enrico, Gamazon, Eric R, Purcell, Shaun, Demontis, Ditte, Borglum, Anders D, Walters, James TR, O'Donovan, Michael C, Sullivan, Patrick, Owen, Michael J, Devlin, Bernie, Sieberts, Solveig K, Cox, Nancy J, Im, Hae Kyung, Sklar, Pamela, Stahl, Eli A, Johnson, Jessica S, Shah, Hardik R, Klein, Lambertus L, Dang, Kristen K, Logsdon, Benjamin A, Mahajan, Milind C, Mangravite, Lara M, Toyoshiba, Hiroyoshi, Gur, Raquel E, Hahn, Chang-Gyu, Schadt, Eric, Lewis, David A, Haroutunian, Vahram, Peters, Mette A, Lipska, Barbara K, Buxbaum, Joseph D, Hirai, Keisuke, Perumal, Thanneer M, Essioux, Laurent, Rajagopal, Veera Manikandan, Mattheisen, Manuel, Grove, Jakob, Werge, Thomas, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Pedersen, Carsten Bocker, Agerbo, Esben, Pedersen, Marianne Giortz, Mors, Ole, Nordentoft, Merete, Hougaard, David M, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Baekvad-Hansen, Marie, Hansen, Christine Soholm, Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M, Corvin, Aiden, Farh, Kai-How, Holmans, Peter A, Lee, Phil, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A, Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H, Agartz, Ingrid, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A, Begemann, Martin, Jr, Belliveau Richard A, Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B, Black, Donald W, Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G, Buckner, Randy L, Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V, Chambert, Kimberly D, Chan, Raymond CK, Chen, Ronald YL, Chen, Eric YH, Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric FC, Chong, Siow Ann, Cloninger, C Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crowley, James J, Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Favero, Jurgen, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Durmishi, Naser, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Fanous, Ayman H, Farrell, Martilias S, Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freimer, Nelson B, Friedl, Marion, Friedman, Joseph I, Genovese, Giulio, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Giegling, Ina, Giusti-Rodriguez, Paola, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I, Golimbet, Vera, Gopal, Srihari, Gratten, Jacob, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hammer, Christian, Hamshere, Marian L, Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Hartmann, Annette M, Henskens, Frans A, Herms, Stefan, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Hollegaard, Mads V, Ikeda, Masashi, Joa, Inge, Julia, Antonio, Kahn, Rene S, Kalaydjieva, Luba, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Karjalainen, Juha, Kavanagh, David, Keller, Matthew C, Kennedy, James L, Khrunin, Andrey, Kim, Yunjung, Klovins, Janis, Knowles, James A, Konte, Bettina, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, Kahler, Anna K, Laurent, Claudine, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, Lee, S Hong, Legge, Sophie E, Lerer, Bernard, Li, Miaoxin, Li, Tao, Liang, Kung-Yee, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel M, Lubinski, Jan, Lonnqvist, Jouko, Jr, Macek Milan, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Maher, Brion S, Maier, Wolfgang, Mallet, Jacques, Marsal, Sara, Mattingsdal, Morten, McCarley, Robert W, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, Meier, Sandra, Meijer, Carin J, Melegh, Bela, Melle, Ingrid, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I, Metspalu, Andres, Michie, Patricia T, Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Morris, Derek W, Murphy, Kieran C, Murray, Robin M, Myin-Germeys, Inez, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nelis, Mari, Nenadic, Igor, Nertney, Deborah A, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicodemus, Kristin K, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, O'Dushlaine, Colm, O'Neill, F Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Olincy, Ann, Olsen, Line, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Papadimitriou, George N, Papiol, Sergi, Parkhomenko, Elena, Pato, Michele T, Paunio, Tiina, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Perkins, Diana O, Pietilainen, Olli, Pimm, Jonathan, Pocklington, Andrew J, Powell, John, Price, Alkes, Pulver, Ann E, Purcell, Shaun M, Quested, Digby, Rasmussen, Henrik B, Reichenberg, Abraham, Reimers, Mark A, Richards, Alexander L, Roffman, Joshua L, Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R, Schall, Ulrich, Schubert, Christian R, Schulze, Thomas G, Schwab, Sibylle G, Scolnick, Edward M, Scott, Rodney J, Seidman, Larry J, Shi, Jianxin, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Silverman, Jeremy M, Sim, Kang, Slominsky, Petr, Smoller, Jordan W, So, Hon-Cheong, Spencer, Chris CA, Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Stogmann, Elisabeth, Straub, Richard E, Strengman, Eric, Strohmaier, Jana, Stroup, T Scott, Subramaniam, Mythily, Suvisaari, Jaana, Svrakic, Dragan M, Szatkiewicz, Jin P, Soderman, Erik, Thirumalai, Srinivas, Toncheva, Draga, Tosato, Sarah, Veijola, Juha, Waddington, John, Walsh, Dermot, Wang, Dai, Wang, Qiang, Webb, Bradley T, Weiser, Mark, Wildenauer, Dieter B, Williams, Nigel M, Williams, Stephanie, Witt, Stephanie H, Wolen, Aaron R, Wong, Emily HM, Wormley, Brandon K, Xi, Hualin Simon, Zai, Clement C, Zheng, Xuebin, Zimprich, Fritz, Wray, Naomi R, Stefansson, Kari, Visscher, Peter M, Adolfsson, Rolf, Andreassen, Ole A, Blackwood, Douglas HR, Bramon, Elvira, Cichon, Sven, Darvasi, Ariel, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Esko, Tonu, Gejman, Pablo V, Gill, Michael, Gurling, Hugh, Hultman, Christina M, Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V, Jonsson, Erik G, Kendler, Kenneth S, Kirov, George, Knight, Jo, Lencz, Todd, Levinson, Douglas F, Li, Qingqin S, Liu, Jianjun, Malhotra, Anil K, McCarroll, Steven A, McQuillin, Andrew, Moran, Jennifer L, Mortensen, Preben B, Mowry, Bryan J, Nothen, Markus M, Ophoff, Roel A, Palotie, Aarno, Pato, Carlos N, Petryshen, Tracey L, Posthuma, Danielle, Rietschel, Marcella, Riley, Brien P, Rujescu, Dan, Sham, Pak C, St Clair, David, Weinberger, Daniel R, Wendland, Jens R, Daly, Mark J, Sullivan, Patrick F, Consortium, CommonMind, Consortium, Psychiat Genomics, Working, iPSYCH-GEMS Schizophrenia, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, APH - Mental Health, Adult Psychiatry, Perceptual and Cognitive Neuroscience (PCN), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, CommonMind Consortium, Psychiat Genomics Consortium, iPSYCH-GEMS Schizophrenia Working, Huckins, LM, Dobbyn, A, Ruderfer, DM, Hoffman, G, Lee, SH, Im, HK, iPSYCH-GEMS Schizophrenia Working Group, The Schizophrenia Working Group of the PsyUniversity of Copenhagenchiatric Genomics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Human genetics, RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, and MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3)
Subjects: DISORDER, Schizophrenia/genetics, iPSYCH-GEMS Schizophrenia Working Group, CHILDHOOD, Gene Expression, Genome-wide association study, VARIANTS, MOUSE, Medical and Health Sciences, ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA, Genome-wide association studies, 0302 clinical medicine, CommonMind Consortium, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Prefrontal cortex, 0303 health sciences, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Schizophrenia Working Group of the PsyUniversity of Copenhagenchiatric Genomics Consortium, Brain, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Risk, Schizophrenia, Transcriptome, Single Nucleotide, ASSOCIATION, Transcriptome/genetics, Biological Sciences, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Mental Health, Genome-Wide Association Study/methods, Medical genetics, TRAITS, Psychosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Computational biology, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, PSYCHOSIS, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, Genetics, Polymorphism, Transcriptomics, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Brain/physiopathology, Human Genome, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, Gene Expression/genetics, COGNITIVE DEFICITS, Expression quantitative trait loci, Human medicine, Gene expression, Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Imputation (genetics), Developmental Biology
Abstract: Transcriptomic imputation approaches combine eQTL reference panels with large-scale genotype data in order to test associations between disease and gene expression. These genic associations could elucidate signals in complex genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci and may disentangle the role of different tissues in disease development. We used the largest eQTL reference panel for the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to create a set of gene expression predictors and demonstrate their utility. We applied DLPFC and 12 GTEx-brain predictors to 40,299 schizophrenia cases and 65,264 matched controls for a large transcriptomic imputation study of schizophrenia. We identified 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions. Stepwise conditioning identified 67 non-MHC genes, of which 14 did not fall within previous GWAS loci. We identified 36 significantly enriched pathways, including hexosaminidase-A deficiency, and multiple porphyric disorder pathways. We investigated developmental expression patterns among the 67 non-MHC genes and identified specific groups of pre- and postnatal expression. Working Group The Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Stephan Ripke37,38 Benjamin M. Neale37,38,39,40 Aiden Corvin41 James T. R. Walters6 Kai-How Farh37 Peter A. Holmans6,42 Phil Lee37,38,40 Brendan Bulik-Sullivan37,38 David A. Collier43,44 Hailiang Huang37,39 Tune H. Pers39,45,46 Ingrid Agartz47,48,49 Esben Agerbo8,32,33 Margot Albus50 Madeline Alexander51 Farooq Amin52,53 Silviu A. Bacanu54 Martin Begemann55 Richard A. Belliveau Jr38 Judit Bene56,57 Sarah E. Bergen38,58 Elizabeth Bevilacqua38 Tim B. Bigdeli54 Donald W. Black59 Richard Bruggeman60 Nancy G. Buccola61 Randy L. Buckner62,63,64 William Byerley65 Wiepke Cahn66 Guiqing Cai2,3 Dominique Campion67 Rita M. Cantor10 Vaughan J. Carr68,69 Noa Carrera6 Stanley V. Catts68,70 Kimberly D. Chambert38 Raymond C. K. Chan71 Ronald Y. L. Chen72 Eric Y. H. Chen72,73 Wei Cheng15 Eric F. C. Cheung74 Siow Ann Chong75 C. Robert Cloninger76 David Cohen77 Nadine Cohen78 Paul Cormican41 Nick Craddock6,42 James J. Crowley79 David Curtis80,81 Michael Davidson82 Kenneth L. Davis3 Franziska Degenhardt83,84 Jurgen Del Favero85 Ditte Demontis7,8,9 Dimitris Dikeos86 Timothy Dinan87 Srdjan Djurovic49,88 Gary Donohoe41,89 Elodie Drapeau3 Jubao Duan90,91 Frank Dudbridge92 Naser Durmishi93 Peter Eichhammer94 Johan Eriksson95,96,97 Valentina Escott-Price6 Laurent Essioux98 Ayman H. Fanous99,100,101,102 Martilias S. Farrell79 Josef Frank103 Lude Franke104 Robert Freedman105 Nelson B. Freimer106 Marion Friedl107 Joseph I. Friedman3 Menachem Fromer1,37,38,40 Giulio Genovese38 Lyudmila Georgieva6 Ina Giegling107,108 Paola Giusti-Rodríguez79 Stephanie Godard109 Jacqueline I. Goldstein37,39 Vera Golimbet110 Srihari Gopal111 Jacob Gratten112 Lieuwe de Haan113 Christian Hammer55 Marian L. Hamshere6 Mark Hansen114 Thomas Hansen8,30 Vahram Haroutunian3,25,23 Annette M. Hartmann107 Frans A. Henskens68,115,116 Stefan Herms83,84,117 Joel N. Hirschhorn39,46,118 Per Hoffmann83,84,117 Andrea Hofman83,84 Mads V. Hollegaard36 David M. Hougaard36 Masashi Ikeda119 Inge Joa120 Antonio Julia121 Rene S. Kahn66 Luba Kalaydjieva122,123 Sena Karachanak-Yankova124 Juha Karjalainen104 David Kavanagh6 Matthew C. Keller125 James L. Kennedy126,127,128 Andrey Khrunin129 Yunjung Kim79 Janis Klovins130 James A. Knowles131 Bettina Konte107 Vaidutis Kucinskas132 Zita Ausrele Kucinskiene132 Hana Kuzelova-Ptackova133 Anna K. Kahler58 Claudine Laurent51,134 Jimmy Lee Chee Keong75,135 S. Hong Lee112 Sophie E. Legge6 Bernard Lerer136 Miaoxin Li72,73,137 Tao Li138 Kung-Yee Liang139 Jeffrey Lieberman140 Svetlana Limborska129 Carmel M. Loughland68,141 Jan Lubinski142 Jouko Lonnqvist143 Milan Macek Jr133 Patrik K. E. Magnusson58 Brion S. Maher144 Wolfgang Maier145 Jacques Mallet146 Sara Marsal121 Manuel Mattheisen7,8,9,147 Morten Mattingsdal49,148 Robert W. McCarley149,150 Colm McDonald151 Andrew M. McIntosh152,153 Sandra Meier103 Carin J. Meijer113 Bela Melegh56,57 Ingrid Melle49,154 Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately149,155 Andres Metspalu156 Patricia T. Michie68,157 Lili Milani156 Vihra Milanova158 Younes Mokrab43 Derek W. Morris41,89 Ole Mors8,9,159 Kieran C. Murphy160 Robin M. Murray161 Inez Myin-Germeys162 Bertram Muller-Myhsok163,164,165 Mari Nelis156 Igor Nenadic166 Deborah A. Nertney167 Gerald Nestadt168 Kristin K. Nicodemus169 Liene Nikitina-Zake130 Laura Nisenbaum170 Annelie Nordin171 Eadbhard O’Callaghan172 Colm O’Dushlaine38 F. Anthony O’Neill173 Sang-Yun Oh174 Ann Olincy126 Line Olsen8,64 Jim Van Os162,175 Christos Pantelis68,176 George N. Papadimitriou86 Sergi Papiol55 Elena Parkhomenko3 Michele T. Pato131 Tiina Paunio177,178 Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic179 Diana O. Perkins180 Olli Pietiläinen178,181 Jonathan Pimm81 Andrew J. Pocklington6 John Powell161 Alkes Price39,182 Ann E. Pulver168 Shaun M. Purcell1 Digby Quested183 Henrik B. Rasmussen30,43 Abraham Reichenberg3 Mark A. Reimers184 Alexander L. Richards6 Joshua L. Roffman62,64 Panos Roussos1,4 Douglas M. Ruderfer1,5,6 Veikko Salomaa97 Alan R. Sanders90,91 Ulrich Schall68,141 Christian R. Schubert185 Thomas G. Schulze103,186 Sibylle G. Schwab187 Edward M. Scolnick38 Rodney J. Scott68,188,189 Larry J. Seidman144,155 Jianxin Shi190 Engilbert Sigurdsson191 Teimuraz Silagadze192 Jeremy M. Silverman3,193 Kang Sim75 Petr Slominsky129 Jordan W. Smoller38,40 Hon-Cheong So72 Chris C. A. Spencer194 Eli A. Stahl1,2,3,4 Hreinn Stefansson195 Stacy Steinberg195 Elisabeth Stogmann196 Richard E. Straub197 Eric Strengman66,198 Jana Strohmaier103 T. Scott Stroup140 Mythily Subramaniam75 Jaana Suvisaari143 Dragan M. Svrakic76 Jin P. Szatkiewicz79 Erik Soderman47 Srinivas Thirumalai199 Draga Toncheva124 Sarah Tosato200 Juha Veijola201,202 John Waddington203 Dermot Walsh204 Dai Wang111 Qiang Wang138 Bradley T. Webb54 Mark Weiser82 Dieter B. Wildenauer205 Nigel M. Williams6 Stephanie Williams79 Stephanie H. Witt103 Aaron R. Wolen184 Emily H. M. Wong72 Brandon K. Wormley54 Hualin Simon Xi206 Clement C. Zai126,127 Xuebin Zheng207 Fritz Zimprich196 Naomi R. Wray112 Kari Stefansson195 Peter M. Visscher112 Rolf Adolfsson171 Ole A. Andreassen49,154 Douglas H. R. Blackwood153 Elvira Bramon208 Joseph D. Buxbaum2,3,24,25 Anders D. Børglum7,8,9,159 Sven Cichon83,84,117,209 Ariel Darvasi210 Enrico Domenici211 Hannelore Ehrenreich55 Tonu Esko39,46,118,156 Pablo V. Gejman90,91 Michael Gill41 Hugh Gurling81 Christina M. Hultman58 Nakao Iwata119 Assen V. Jablensky68,123,205,212 Erik G. Jonsson47,49 Kenneth S. Kendler213 George Kirov6 Jo Knight125,127,128 Todd Lencz214,215,216 Douglas F. Levinson51 Qingqin S. Li111 Jianjun Liu207,217 Anil K. Malhotra214,215,216 Steven A. McCarroll38,118 Andrew McQuillin81 Jennifer L. Moran38 Preben B. Mortensen8,32,33 Bryan J. Mowry112,218 Markus M. Nothen83,84 Roel A. Ophoff10,66,105 Michael J. Owen6,42 Aarno Palotie38,40,181 Carlos N. Pato131 Tracey L. Petryshen38,149,219 Danielle Posthuma220,221,222 Marcella Rietschel103 Brien P. Riley213 Dan Rujescu107,108 Pak C. Sham72,73,137 Pamela Sklar1,2,3,4,25 David St Clair223 Daniel R. Weinberger197,224 Jens R. Wendland185 Thomas Werge8,30,225 Mark J. Daly37,38,39 Patrick F. Sullivan58,79,180 Michael C. O’Donovan6,42 20Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan. 21Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 22Neuropsychiatric Signaling Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 23Psychiatry, JJ Peters Virginia Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. 24Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA. 25Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 26Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 27CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan. 28F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland. 29Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 30Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark. 31Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 32National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 33Centre for Integrated Registerbased Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 34Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark. 35Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 36Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. 37Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 38Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. 39Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. 40Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 41Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 42NationalCentre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. 43Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, UK. 44Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK. 45Center for BiologicalSequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. 46Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 47Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 48Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 49NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 50State Mental Hospital, Haar, Germany. 51Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 52Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA. 53Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. 54Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. 55Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Gottingen, Germany. 56Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. 57Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. 58Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 59Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA. 60University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. 61School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. 62Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 63Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. 64Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 65Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. 66University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 67Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray and INSERM U1079 Faculty of Medicine, Rouen, France. 68Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 69School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 70Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 71Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China. 72Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. 73State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. 74Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong, China. 75Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore. 76Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. 77Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Pierre and Marie Curie Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Paris, France. 78Blue Note Biosciences, Princeton, NJ, USA. 79Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. 80Department of Psychological Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. 81Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. 82Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. 83Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany. 84Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 85AppliedMolecular Genomics Unit, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. 86First Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. 87Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Co, Cork, Ireland. 88Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 89Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Co, Galway, Ireland. 90Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 91Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA. 92Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. 93Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinic of Psychiatry, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. 94Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. 95Department of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 96Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 97National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 98Translational Technologies and Bioinformatics, Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland. 99Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA. 100Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 101Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA. 102Mental Health Service Line, Washington VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. 103Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. 104Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. 105Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA. 106Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 107Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany. 108Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. 109Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital de la Pitiè-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. 110Mental Health Research Centre, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia. 111Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ, USA. 112Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 113Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 114Illumina, La Jolla, CA, USA. 115Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. 116School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. 117Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 118Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 119Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan. 120Regional Centre for Clinical Researchin Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. 121Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. 122Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 123The Perkins Institute for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 124Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria. 125Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. 126Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 127Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 128Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 129Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. 130Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia. 131Department of Psychiatry and Zilkha Neurogenetics Institute, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 132Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. 133Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic. 134Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pierre and Marie Curie Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France. 135Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. 136Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. 137Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. 138Mental Health Centre and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. 139Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. 140Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, NY, USA. 141Priority Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. 142Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland. 143Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 144Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. 145Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 146Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodénégératifs, Hôpital de la Pitiè-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. 147Department of Genomics Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 148Research Unit, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway. 149Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 150VA Boston Health Care System, Brockton, MA, USA. 151Department of Psychiatry, National University of Ireland Galway, Co, Galway, Ireland. 152Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 153Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 154Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 155Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. 156Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. 157School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. 158First Psychiatric Clinic, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria. 159Department P, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark. 160Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. 161King’s College London, London, UK. 162Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and TeachingNetwork, EURON, Maastricht, the Netherlands. 163Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. 164Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. 165Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany. 166Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. 167Department of Psychiatry, Queensland Brain Institute and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 168Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 169Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 170Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 171Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 172DETECT Early Intervention Service for Psychosis, Blackrock, Co, Dublin, Ireland. 173Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK. 174Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. 175Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK. 176Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 177Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 178Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 179Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. 180Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. 181Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 182Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 183Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 184Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. 185Pharma Therapeutics Clinical Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA. 186Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Gottingen, Göttingen, Germany. 187Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Clinic, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. 188Hunter New England Health Service, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. 189School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. 190Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. 191University of Iceland, Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. 192Department of Psychiatry and Drug Addiction, Tbilisi State Medical University (TSMU), Tbilisi, Georgia. 193Research and Development, Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. 194WellcomeTrust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK. 195deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland. 196Department of Clinical Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria. 197Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA. 198Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 199Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Bracknell, UK. 200Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. 201Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 202University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 203Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. 204Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland. 205School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 206Computational Sciences CoE, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA. 207Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore. 208University College London, London, UK. 209Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany. 210Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. 211NeuroscienceDiscovery and Translational Area, Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland. 212Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Medical Research Foundation Building, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 213Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. 214The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA. 215The Hofstra NS-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA. 216The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA. 217Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. 218Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 219Center for HumanGenetic Research and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 220Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. 221Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 222Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 223University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK. 224Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 225Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Published: 2019

28. Publisher Correction:Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection (Nature Genetics, (2018), 50, 3, (381-389), 10.1038/s41588-018-0059-2)

Author: Pardiñas, Antonio F., Holmans, Peter, Pocklington, Andrew J., Escott-Price, Valentina, Ripke, Stephan, Carrera, Noa, Legge, Sophie E., Bishop, Sophie, Cameron, Darren, Hamshere, Marian L., Han, Jun, Hubbard, Leon, Lynham, Amy, Mantripragada, Kiran, Rees, Elliott, MacCabe, James H., McCarroll, Steven A., Baune, Bernhard T., Breen, Gerome, Byrne, Enda M., Dannlowski, Udo, Eley, Thalia C., Hayward, Caroline, Martin, Nicholas G., McIntosh, Andrew M., Plomin, Robert, Porteous, David J., Wray, Naomi R., Agerbo, Esben, Als, Thomas D., Mortensen, Preben Bo, Pedersen, Carsten B., Børglum, Anders D., Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, Grove, Jakob, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mors, Ole, Hansen, Christine Søholm, Morris, John C., Achilla, Evanthia, Gasse, Christiane, Horsdal, Henriette Thisted, Köhler, Ole, Meier, Sandra M., and Støvring, Henrik
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Published: 2019

29. Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions provides insights into schizophrenia risk

Author: Huckins, Laura M. Dobbyn, Amanda Ruderfer, Douglas M. and Hoffman, Gabriel Wang, Weiqing Pardinas, Antonio F. and Rajagopal, Veera M. Als, Thomas D. Nguyen, Hoang T. Girdhar, Kiran Boocock, James Roussos, Panos Fromer, Menachem and Kramer, Robin Domenici, Enrico Gamazon, Eric R. Purcell, Shaun Demontis, Ditte Borglum, Anders D. Walters, James T. R. O'Donovan, Michael C. Sullivan, Patrick Owen, Michael J. and Devlin, Bernie Sieberts, Solveig K. Cox, Nancy J. Im, Hae Kyung Sklar, Pamela Stahl, Eli A. Johnson, Jessica S. and Shah, Hardik R. Klein, Lambertus L. Dang, Kristen K. and Logsdon, Benjamin A. Mahajan, Milind C. Mangravite, Lara M. and Toyoshiba, Hiroyoshi Gur, Raquel E. Hahn, Chang-Gyu Schadt, Eric Lewis, David A. Haroutunian, Vahram Peters, Mette A. and Lipska, Barbara K. Buxbaum, Joseph D. Hirai, Keisuke and Perumal, Thanneer M. Essioux, Laurent Rajagopal, Veera Manikandan Mattheisen, Manuel Grove, Jakob Werge, Thomas and Mortensen, Preben Bo Pedersen, Carsten Bocker Agerbo, Esben and Pedersen, Marianne Giortz Mors, Ole Nordentoft, Merete and Hougaard, David M. Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas Baekvad-Hansen, Marie and Hansen, Christine Soholm Ripke, Stephan Neale, Benjamin M. and Corvin, Aiden Farh, Kai-How Holmans, Peter A. Lee, Phil and Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan Collier, David A. Huang, Hailiang and Pers, Tune H. Agartz, Ingrid Albus, Margot Alexander, Madeline Amin, Farooq Bacanu, Silviu A. Begemann, Martin and Belliveau, Jr., Richard A. Bene, Judit Bergen, Sarah E. and Bevilacqua, Elizabeth Bigdeli, Tim B. Black, Donald W. and Bruggeman, Richard Buccola, Nancy G. Buckner, Randy L. and Byerley, William Cahn, Wiepke Cai, Guiqing Campion, Dominique Cantor, Rita M. Carr, Vaughan J. Carrera, Noa and Catts, V, Stanley Chambert, Kimberly D. Chan, Raymond C. K. and Chen, Ronald Y. L. Chen, Eric Y. H. Cheng, Wei Cheung, Eric F. C. Chong, Siow Ann Cloninger, C. Robert Cohen, David and Cohen, Nadine Cormican, Paul Craddock, Nick Crowley, James J. Curtis, David Davidson, Michael Davis, Kenneth L. and Degenhardt, Franziska Del Favero, Jurgen Dikeos, Dimitris and Dinan, Timothy Djurovic, Srdjan Donohoe, Gary Drapeau, Elodie Duan, Jubao Dudbridge, Frank Durmishi, Naser and Eichhammer, Peter Eriksson, Johan Escott-Price, Valentina and Essioux, Laurent Fanous, Ayman H. Farrell, Martilias S. and Frank, Josef Franke, Lude Freedman, Robert Freimer, Nelson B. Friedl, Marion Friedman, I, Joseph Fromer, Menachem and Genovese, Giulio Georgieva, Lyudmila Giegling, Ina and Giusti-Rodriguez, Paola Godard, Stephanie Goldstein, I, Jacqueline Golimbet, Vera Gopal, Srihari Gratten, Jacob and de Haan, Lieuwe Hammer, Christian Hamshere, Marian L. and Hansen, Mark Hansen, Thomas Haroutunian, Vahram Hartmann, Annette M. Henskens, Frans A. Herms, Stefan Hirschhorn, Joel N. Hoffmann, Per Hofman, Andrea Hollegaard, V, Mads and Ikeda, Masashi Joa, Inge Julia, Antonio Kahn, Rene S. and Kalaydjieva, Luba Karachanak-Yankova, Sena Karjalainen, Juha and Kavanagh, David Keller, Matthew C. Kennedy, James L. and Khrunin, Andrey Kim, Yunjung Klovins, Janis Knowles, James A. Konte, Bettina Kucinskas, Vaidutis Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana Kahler, Anna K. Laurent, Claudine Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee Lee, S. Hong Legge, Sophie E. and Lerer, Bernard Li, Miaoxin Li, Tao Liang, Kung-Yee and Lieberman, Jeffrey Limborska, Svetlana Loughland, Carmel M. and Lubinski, Jan Lonnqvist, Jouko Macek, Jr., Milan Magnusson, Patrik K. E. Maher, Brion S. Maier, Wolfgang Mallet, Jacques and Marsal, Sara Mattingsdal, Morten McCarley, Robert W. and McDonald, Colm McIntosh, Andrew M. Meier, Sandra Meijer, Carin J. Melegh, Bela Melle, Ingrid Mesholam-Gately, I, Raquelle Metspalu, Andres Michie, Patricia T. Milani, Lili and Milanova, Vihra Mokrab, Younes Morris, Derek W. Mors, Ole Murphy, Kieran C. Murray, Robin M. Myin-Germeys, Inez and Muller-Myhsok, Bertram Nelis, Mari Nenadic, Igor and Nertney, Deborah A. Nestadt, Gerald Nicodemus, Kristin K. and Nikitina-Zake, Liene Nisenbaum, Laura Nordin, Annelie and O'Callaghan, Eadbhard O'Dushlaine, Colm O'Neill, F. Anthony and Oh, Sang-Yun Olincy, Ann Olsen, Line Van Os, Jim and Pantelis, Christos Papadimitriou, George N. Papiol, Sergi and Parkhomenko, Elena Pato, Michele T. Paunio, Tiina and Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica Perkins, Diana O. Pietilainen, Olli and Pimm, Jonathan Pocklington, Andrew J. Powell, John and Price, Alkes Pulver, Ann E. Purcell, Shaun M. Quested, Digby and Rasmussen, Henrik B. Reichenberg, Abraham Reimers, Mark A. and Richards, Alexander L. Roffman, Joshua L. Ruderfer, Douglas M. Salomaa, Veikko Sanders, Alan R. Schall, Ulrich and Schubert, Christian R. Schulze, Thomas G. Schwab, Sibylle G. and Scolnick, Edward M. Scott, Rodney J. Seidman, Larry J. Shi, Jianxin Sigurdsson, Engilbert Silagadze, Teimuraz Silverman, Jeremy M. Sim, Kang Slominsky, Petr Smoller, Jordan W. and So, Hon-Cheong Spencer, Chris C. A. Stefansson, Hreinn and Steinberg, Stacy Stogmann, Elisabeth Straub, Richard E. and Strengman, Eric Strohmaier, Jana Stroup, T. Scott and Subramaniam, Mythily Suvisaari, Jaana Svrakic, Dragan M. and Szatkiewicz, Jin P. Soderman, Erik Thirumalai, Srinivas and Toncheva, Draga Tosato, Sarah Veijola, Juha Waddington, John and Walsh, Dermot Wang, Dai Wang, Qiang Webb, Bradley T. and Weiser, Mark Wildenauer, Dieter B. Williams, Nigel M. and Williams, Stephanie Witt, Stephanie H. Wolen, Aaron R. Wong, Emily H. M. Wormley, Brandon K. Xi, Hualin Simon Zai, Clement C. Zheng, Xuebin Zimprich, Fritz Wray, Naomi R. and Stefansson, Kari Visscher, Peter M. Adolfsson, Rolf and Andreassen, Ole A. Blackwood, Douglas H. R. Bramon, Elvira and Buxbaum, Joseph D. Borglum, Anders D. Cichon, Sven Darvasi, Ariel Domenici, Enrico Ehrenreich, Hannelore Esko, Tonu and Gejman, V, Pablo Gill, Michael Gurling, Hugh Hultman, Christina M. Iwata, Nakao Jablensky, V, Assen Jonsson, Erik G. Kendler, Kenneth S. Kirov, George Knight, Jo Lencz, Todd Levinson, Douglas F. Li, Qingqin S. Liu, Jianjun and Malhotra, Anil K. McCarroll, Steven A. McQuillin, Andrew and Moran, Jennifer L. Mortensen, Preben B. Mowry, Bryan J. and Nothen, Markus M. Ophoff, Roel A. Owen, Michael J. Palotie, Aarno Pato, Carlos N. Petryshen, Tracey L. Posthuma, Danielle Rietschel, Marcella Riley, Brien P. Rujescu, Dan and Sham, Pak C. St Clair, David Weinberger, Daniel R. and Wendland, Jens R. Werge, Thomas Daly, Mark J. Sullivan, Patrick F. CommonMind Consortium Psychiat Genomics Consortium and iPSYCH-GEMS Schizophrenia Working
Abstract: Transcriptomic imputation approaches combine eQTL reference panels with large-scale genotype data in order to test associations between disease and gene expression. These genic associations could elucidate signals in complex genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci and may disentangle the role of different tissues in disease development. We used the largest eQTL reference panel for the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to create a set of gene expression predictors and demonstrate their utility. We applied DLPFC and 12 GTEx-brain predictors to 40,299 schizophrenia cases and 65,264 matched controls for a large transcriptomic imputation study of schizophrenia. We identified 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions. Stepwise conditioning identified 67 non-MHC genes, of which 14 did not fall within previous GWAS loci. We identified 36 significantly enriched pathways, including hexosaminidase-A deficiency, and multiple porphyric disorder pathways. We investigated developmental expression patterns among the 67 non-MHC genes and identified specific groups of pre- and postnatal expression.
Published: 2019

30. Genetic influences on schizophrenia and subcortical brain volumes: large-scale proof of concept

Author: Franke, Barbara, Stein, Jason L, McIntosh, Andrew M, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H, Farrell, Martilias S, Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freimer, Nelson B, Lee, Phil, Friedman, Joseph I, Fromer, Menachem, Genovese, Giulio, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Gershon, Elliot S, Giegling, Ina, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I, Gopal, Srihari, McMahon, Francis J, Gratten, Jacob, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hammer, Christian, Hamshere, Marian L, Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hartmann, Annette M, Henskens, Frans A, Herms, Stefan L, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Hollegaard, Mads V, Hougaard, David M, Ikeda, Masashi, Joa, Inge, Julià, Antonio, Kähler, Anna K, Kahn, René S, Mattheisen, Manuel, Kalaydjieva, Luba, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Karjalainen, Juha, Kavanagh, David, Keller, Matthew C, Kelly, Brian J, Kennedy, James L, Khrunin, Andrey, Kim, Yunjung, Klovins, Janis, Andreassen, Ole A, Knowles, James A, Konte, Bettina, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, Laurent, Claudine, Lee, S Hong, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, Legge, Sophie E, Lerer, Bernard, Gruber, Oliver, Li, Miaoxin, Li, Tao, Liang, Kung-Yee, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Limborska, Svetlana, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Loughland, Carmel M, Lubinski, Jan, Macek, Milan, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Sachdev, Perminder S, Maher, Brion S, Maier, Wolfgang, Mallet, Jacques, Marsal, Sara, Mattingsdal, Morten, McCarley, Robert W, McDonald, Colm, Meier, Sandra, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, Meijer, Carin J, Melegh, Bela, Melle, Ingrid, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I, Metspalu, Andres, Michie, Patricia T, Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Morris, Derek W, Saykin, Andrew J, Mors, Ole, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Murphy, Kieran C, Murray, Robin M, Myin-Germeys, Inez, Nelis, Mari, Nenadic, Igor, Nertney, Deborah A, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicodemus, Kristin K, Ripke, Stephan, Ehrlich, Stefan, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, O'Dushlaine, Colm, O'Neill, F Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Olincy, Ann, Olsen, Line, Van Os, Jim, Mather, Karen A, Pantelis, Christos, Papadimitriou, George N, Papiol, Sergi, Parkhomenko, Elena, Pato, Michele T, Paunio, Tiina, Perkins, Diana O, Pietiläinen, Olli, Pimm, Jonathan, Pocklington, Andrew J, Turner, Jessica A, Powell, John, Price, Alkes, Pulver, Ann E, Purcell, Shaun M, Quested, Digby, Rasmussen, Henrik B, Reichenberg, Abraham, Reimers, Mark A, Richards, Alexander L, Roffman, Joshua L, Schwarz, Emanuel, Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M, Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R, Schall, Ulrich, Schubert, Christian R, Schulze, Thomas G, Schwab, Sibylle G, Scolnick, Edward M, Scott, Rodney J, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Seidman, Larry J, Shi, Jianxin, Silverman, Jeremy M, Sim, Kang, Slominsky, Petr, Smoller, Jordan W, So, Hon-Cheong, Söderman, Erik, Spencer, Chris C A, Stahl, Eli A, Shugart, Yin Yao, Stogmann, Elisabeth, Straub, Richard E, Strengman, Eric, Strohmaier, Jana, Stroup, T Scott, Subramaniam, Mythily, Suvisaari, Jaana, Svrakic, Dragan M, Szatkiewicz, Jin P, Thirumalai, Srinivas, Ho, Yvonne Yw, Toncheva, Draga, Tooney, Paul A, Veijola, Juha, Waddington, John, Walsh, Dermot, Wang, Dai, Wang, Qiang, Webb, Bradley T, Weiser, Mark, Wildenauer, Dieter B, Martin, Nicholas G, Williams, Nigel M, Williams, Stephanie, Witt, Stephanie H, Wolen, Aaron R, Wong, Emily H M, Wormley, Brandon K, Wu, Jing Qin, Xi, Hualin Simon, Zai, Clement C, Zheng, Xuebin, Wright, Margaret J, Zimprich, Fritz, Wray, Naomi R, Visscher, Peter M, Adolfsson, Rolf, Blackwood, Douglas H R, Børglum, Anders D, Bramon, Elvira, Buxbaum, Joseph D, Cichon, Sven, Consortium, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, Darvasi, Ariel, Domenici, Enrico, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Esko, Tõnu, Gejman, Pablo V, Gill, Michael, Gurling, Hugh, Hultman, Christina M, Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V, Anttila, Verneri, Consortium, ENIGMA, Jönsson, Erik G, Kendler, Kenneth S, Kirov, George, Knight, Jo, Lencz, Todd, Levinson, Douglas F, Li, Qingqin S, Liu, Jianjun, Malhotra, Anil K, McCarroll, Steven A, O'Donovan, Michael C, McQuillin, Andrew, Moran, Jennifer L, Mortensen, Preben B, Mowry, Bryan J, Nöthen, Markus M, Ophoff, Roel A, Owen, Michael J, Palotie, Aarno, Pato, Carlos N, Petryshen, Tracey L, Thompson, Paul M, Posthuma, Danielle, Rietschel, Marcella, Riley, Brien P, Rujescu, Dan, Sham, Pak C, Sklar, Pamela, Clair, David St, Weinberger, Daniel R, Wendland, Jens R, Werge, Thomas, Neale, Benjamin M, Daly, Mark J, Sullivan, Patrick F, Hibar, Derrek P, Renteria, Miguel E, Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro, Desrivières, Sylvane, Jahanshad, Neda, Toro, Roberto, Medland, Sarah E, Wittfeld, Katharina, Abramovic, Lucija, Andersson, Micael, Aribisala, Benjamin S, Armstrong, Nicola J, Bernard, Manon, Bohlken, Marc M, Boks, Marco P, Bralten, Janita, Brown, Andrew A, Chakravarty, M Mallar, Chen, Qiang, Ching, Christopher R K, Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, den Braber, Anouk, Giddaluru, Sudheer, Goldman, Aaron L, Grimm, Oliver, Guadalupe, Tulio, Hass, Johanna, Woldehawariat, Girma, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Janowitz, Deborah, Jia, Tianye, Kim, Sungeun, Klein, Marieke, Kraemer, Bernd, Loohuis, Loes M Olde, Luciano, Michelle, Macare, Christine, Milaneschi, Yuri, Nho, Kwangsik, Papmeyer, Martina, Ramasamy, Adaikalavan, Risacher, Shannon L, Corvin, Aiden, Rose, Emma J, Salami, Alireza, Sämann, Philipp G, Schmaal, Lianne, Schork, Andrew J, Shin, Jean, Strike, Lachlan T, Teumer, Alexander, van Donkelaar, Marjolein M J, van Eijk, Kristel R, Walters, James T R, Walters, Raymond K, Westlye, Lars T, Whelan, Christopher D, Winkler, Anderson M, Zwiers, Marcel P, Alhusaini, Saud, Athanasiu, Lavinia, Hakobjan, Marina M H, Hartberg, Cecilie B, Farh, Kai-How, Haukvik, Unn, Heister, Angelien J G A M, Höhn, David, Kasperaviciute, Dalia, Liewald, David C M, Lopez, Lorna M, Makkinje, Remco R R, Matarin, Mar, Naber, Marlies A M, McKay, David R, Holmans, Peter A, Needham, Margaret, Nugent, Allison C, Pütz, Benno, Royle, Natalie A, Shen, Li, Sprooten, Emma, Trabzuni, Daniah, van der Marel, Saskia S L, van Hulzen, Kimm J E, Walton, Esther, Wolf, Christiane, Almasy, Laura, Ames, David, Arepalli, Sampath, Assareh, Amelia A, Bastin, Mark E, Brodaty, Henry, Bulayeva, Kazima B, Carless, Melanie A, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Curran, Joanne E, Czisch, Michael, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Dillman, Allissa, Duggirala, Ravi, Dyer, Thomas D, Erk, Susanne, Fedko, Iryna O, Ferrucci, Luigi, Collier, David A, Foroud, Tatiana M, Fox, Peter T, Fukunaga, Masaki, Gibbs, Raphael, Göring, Harald H H, Green, Robert C, Guelfi, Sebastian, Hansell, Narelle K, Hartman, Catharina A, Hegenscheid, Katrin, Huang, Hailiang, Heinz, Andreas, Hernandez, Dena G, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Holsboer, Florian, Homuth, Georg, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Jack, Clifford R, Jenkinson, Mark, Pers, Tune H, Johnson, Robert, Kanai, Ryota, Keil, Maria, Kent, Jack W, Kochunov, Peter, Kwok, John B, Lawrie, Stephen M, Liu, Xinmin, Longo, Dan L, McMahon, Katie L, Agartz, Ingrid, Meisenzahl, Eva, Mohnke, Sebastian, Montgomery, Grant W, Mostert, Jeanette C, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Nalls, Michael A, Nichols, Thomas E, Nilsson, Lars G, Agerbo, Esben, Ohi, Kazutaka, Olvera, Rene L, Perez-Iglesias, Rocio, Pike, G Bruce, Potkin, Steven G, Reinvang, Ivar, Reppermund, Simone, Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina, Rosen, Glenn D, Albus, Margot, Schnell, Knut, Schofield, Peter R, Smith, Colin, Steen, Vidar M, Sussmann, Jessika E, Toga, Arthur W, Traynor, Bryan, Troncoso, Juan, Alexander, Madeline, Hernández, Maria C Valdés, van 't Ent, Dennis, van der Brug, Marcel, van der Wee, Nic J A, van Tol, Marie-Jose, Veltman, Dick J, Wassink, Thomas H, Westman, Eric, Zielke, Ronald H, Amin, Farooq, Zonderman, Alan, Ashbrook, David G, Hager, Reinmar, Lu, Lu, Williams, Robert W, Brunner, Han G, Buckner, Randy L, Buitelaar, Jan K, Bacanu, Silviu A, Cahn, Wiepke, Calhoun, Vince D, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Dale, Anders M, Davies, Gareth E, Delanty, Norman, Depondt, Chantal, Djurovic, Srdjan, Drevets, Wayne C, Begemann, Martin, Espeseth, Thomas, Gollub, Randy L, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoffmann, Wolfgang, Hosten, Norbert, LeHellard, Stephanie, Nauck, Matthias, Belliveau, Richard A, Nyberg, Lars, Pandolfo, Massimo, Penninx, Brenda W J H, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, van Bokhoven, Hans, van Haren, Neeltje E M, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Bene, Judit, Weiner, Michael W, Wen, Wei, White, Tonya, Blangero, John, Boomsma, Dorret I, Brouwer, Rachel M, Cannon, Dara M, Cookson, Mark R, Bergen, Sarah E, de Geus, Eco J C, Deary, Ian J, Donohoe, Gary, Fernández, Guillén, Fisher, Simon E, Francks, Clyde, Glahn, David C, Grabe, Hans J, Hardy, John, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Kloszewska, Iwona, Lovestone, Simon, Mattay, Venkata S, Mecocci, Patrizia, Bigdeli, Tim B, Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Ryten, Mina, Simmons, Andy, Singleton, Andrew, Soininen, Hilkka, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Weale, Michael E, Black, Donald W, Adams, Hieab H H, Launer, Lenore J, Seiler, Stephan, Schmidt, Reinhold, Chauhan, Ganesh, Satizabal, Claudia L, Becker, James T, Yanek, Lisa, van der Lee, Sven J, Bruggeman, Richard, Ebling, Maritza, Fischl, Bruce, Longstreth, W. T., Greve, Douglas, Schmidt, Helena, Nyquist, Paul, Vinke, Louis N, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Luting, Xue, Mazoyer, Bernard, Buccola, Nancy G, Bis, Joshua C, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Seshadri, Sudha, Ikram, M Arfan, Schumann, Gunter, Byerley, William F, Cai, Guiqing, Cairns, Murray J, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M, Carr, Vaughan J, Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V, Chambert, Kimberley D, Chan, Raymond C K, Chen, Eric Y H, Chen, Ronald Y L, Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric F C, Chong, Siow Ann, Cloninger, C Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crowley, James J, Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L, Degenhardt, Franziska, Neale, Michael C, Del Favero, Jurgen, DeLisi, Lynn E, Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Franke, Barbara, Stein, Jason L, Ripke, Stephan, Anttila, Verneri, Hong Lee, S, Ikram, M Arfan, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, ENIGMA Consortium, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], University of Southern California (USC), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], University of Warwick [Coventry], University of Oxford [Oxford], Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), University of Edinburgh, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Chinese PLA General Hospital, University of Missouri [Columbia], University of Missouri System, Cardiff University, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Stanford University [Stanford], Max-Planck-Institut, University of Iowa [Iowa City], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Schizophrenia Research Institute [Sydney], Génétique du cancer et des maladies neuropsychiatriques (GMFC), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Mathematics [CUHK], The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Castle Peak Hospital [Hong Kong], Institute of Mental Health [Singapore], Service de psychiatrie des enfants et adultes [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière ], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Open University of Israël, University of Antwerp (UA), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), University of Athens Medical School [Athens], University College Cork (UCC), University of Oslo (UiO), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Universität Regensburg (UR), Biomedicum Helsinki, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development [Basel] (pRED), F. Hoffmann-La Roche [Basel], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Haverford College, Service de Pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, University of Queensland [Brisbane], James J. Peters VA Medical Center [New York], Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), University of Basel (Unibas), Division of Medical Genetics [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], Tohoku University [Sendai], University of Stavanger, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Sofia, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre [Rīga], Vilnius University [Vilnius], University Hospital Motol [Prague], Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center [Jerusalem], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Bonn, Génétique moléculaire de la neurotransmission et des processus neurodégénératifs (LGMNPN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Eli Lilly and Company Limited [Windlesham], Trinity College Dublin, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), University of Tartu, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Stockholm University, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Department of Mathematics [Nanticoke], Luzerne County Community College, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], King‘s College London, University of Chicago, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute [Berlin] (HHI), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry [Mannhein], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Calgary, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Beijing Normal University, Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes (SRSMC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dpt of Psychiatry [New Haven], Yale University School of Medicine, Centre épigénétique et destin cellulaire (EDC (UMR_7216)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bijvoet Center of Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University [Utrecht], School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Mathematics, University of Colorado, University of Colorado [Boulder], VU University Amsterdam, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Department of Health and Human Services, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), McGill University-McGill University, Institut Gilbert-Laustriat : Biomolécules, Biotechnologie, Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory [Cambridge] (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Del-Favero, Jurgen, Enigma Consortium, School of Medicine / Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), Stanford University, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, University of Newcastle [Callaghan, Australia] (UoN), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Софийски университет = Sofia University, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications - Heinrich Hertz Institute (Fraunhofer HHI), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Beijing Normal University (BNU), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Centre épigénétique et destin cellulaire (EDC), Bijvoet Center of Biomolecular Research [Utrecht], Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston]-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Biological Psychology, EMGO+ - Mental Health, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Other departments, ANS - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Adult Psychiatry, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, MUMC+: MA Psychiatrie (3), and MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), genetic association, Genome-wide association study, brain imaging, VARIANTS, Genome-wide association studies, Linkage Disequilibrium, 0302 clinical medicine, pathology [Brain], 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Psychology, GWAS, genetics [Schizophrenia], genetics, genetics [Genetic Predisposition to Disease], Aetiology, Non-U.S. Gov't, PERSPECTIVE, humans, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, neuroimaging, General Neuroscience, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Brain, Single Nucleotide, Organ Size, Endophenotypes, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Schizophrenia, Genome-Wide Association Study, Neuroscience (all), Serious Mental Illness, ENIGMA Consortium, 3. Good health, endophenotype, Mental Health, Meta-analysis, Neurological, genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], Cognitive Sciences, MRI, Neuroinformatics, DISORDERS, heredity, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), brain, Non-P.H.S, Brain Structure and Function, RELATIVES, PHENOTYPES, Research Support, N.I.H, 03 medical and health sciences, Magnetic resonance imaging, ENDOPHENOTYPE, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, ddc:570, Journal Article, Polymorphism, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, pathology [Schizophrenia], METAANALYSIS, genetic predisposition to disease, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], Neurology & Neurosurgery, genome-wide association study, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Human Genome, Neurosciences, Extramural, Genetic architecture, Brain Disorders, meta-analysis, schizophrenia, INDIVIDUALS, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic marker, Endophenotype, DISCOVERY, Genetic markers, U.S. Gov't, Human medicine, Neuroscience, genetic predisposition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: Article, Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric illness with high heritability. Brain structure and function differ, on average, between people with schizophrenia and healthy individuals. As common genetic associations are emerging for both schizophrenia and brain imaging phenotypes, we can now use genome-wide data to investigate genetic overlap. Here we integrated results from common variant studies of schizophrenia (33,636 cases, 43,008 controls) and volumes of several (mainly subcortical) brain structures (11,840 subjects). We did not find evidence of genetic overlap between schizophrenia risk and subcortical volume measures either at the level of common variant genetic architecture or for single genetic markers. These results provide a proof of concept (albeit based on a limited set of structural brain measures) and define a roadmap for future studies investigating the genetic covariance between structural or functional brain phenotypes and risk for psychiatric disorders., final draft, peerReviewed
Published: 2016

31. A correction for sample overlap in genome-wide association studies in a polygenic pleiotropy-informed framework

Author: LeBlanc, Marissa, Zuber, Verena, Thompson, Wesley K., Andreassen, Ole A., Frigessi, Arnoldo, Andreassen, Bettina Kulle, Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M., Corvin, Aiden, Walters, James T.R., Farh, Kai How, Lee, Phil H., Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A., Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H., Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A., Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A., Bene, Judit, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B., Black, Donald W., Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G., Buckner, Randy L., Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Cairns, Murray J., Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M., Carr, Vaughan J., Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V., Chambert, Kimberly D., Chan, Raymond C.K., Chen, Ronald Y.L., Chen, Eric Y.H., Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric F.C., Kahn, Rene S., Murphy, Kieran C., Os, Jim Van, Strengman, Eric, Ophoff, Roel A., and Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Working Groups of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
Subjects: Genetics, Cross-phenotype association, Data integration, Covariate-modulated false discovery rate, Meta-analysis with shared subjects, Biotechnology
Abstract: Background: There is considerable evidence that many complex traits have a partially shared genetic basis, termed pleiotropy. It is therefore useful to consider integrating genome-wide association study (GWAS) data across several traits, usually at the summary statistic level. A major practical challenge arises when these GWAS have overlapping subjects. This is particularly an issue when estimating pleiotropy using methods that condition the significance of one trait on the signficance of a second, such as the covariate-modulated false discovery rate (cmfdr). Results: We propose a method for correcting for sample overlap at the summary statistic level. We quantify the expected amount of spurious correlation between the summary statistics from two GWAS due to sample overlap, and use this estimated correlation in a simple linear correction that adjusts the joint distribution of test statistics from the two GWAS. The correction is appropriate for GWAS with case-control or quantitative outcomes. Our simulations and data example show that without correcting for sample overlap, the cmfdr is not properly controlled, leading to an excessive number of false discoveries and an excessive false discovery proportion. Our correction for sample overlap is effective in that it restores proper control of the false discovery rate, at very little loss in power. Conclusions: With our proposed correction, it is possible to integrate GWAS summary statistics with overlapping samples in a statistical framework that is dependent on the joint distribution of the two GWAS.
Published: 2018

32. Estimation of Genetic Correlation via Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression and Genomic Restricted Maximum Likelihood

Author: Ni, Guiyan, Moser, Gerhard, Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M., Corvin, Aiden, Walters, James T.R., Farh, Kai How, Holmans, Peter A., Lee, Phil, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A., Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H., Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A., Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A., Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E., Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B., Black, Donald W., Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G., Buckner, Randy L., Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M., Carr, Vaughan J., Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V., Chambert, Kimberly D., Chan, Raymond C.K., Chen, Ronald Y.L., Chen, Eric Y.H., Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric F.C., Chong, Siow Ann, Cloninger, C. Robert, Cohen, David, Kahn, René S., Van Os, Jim, Strengman, Eric, Ophoff, Roel A., Psychosis Endophenotypes International Consortium, Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium, and Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
Subjects: schizophrenia, accuracy, genome-wide SNPs, Genetics, linkage disequilibrium score regression, body mass index, Genetics(clinical), genetic correlation, genomic restricted maximum likelihood, SNP heritability, biasedness, height
Abstract: Genetic correlation is a key population parameter that describes the shared genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases. It can be estimated by current state-of-art methods, i.e., linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and genomic restricted maximum likelihood (GREML). The massively reduced computing burden of LDSC compared to GREML makes it an attractive tool, although the accuracy (i.e., magnitude of standard errors) of LDSC estimates has not been thoroughly studied. In simulation, we show that the accuracy of GREML is generally higher than that of LDSC. When there is genetic heterogeneity between the actual sample and reference data from which LD scores are estimated, the accuracy of LDSC decreases further. In real data analyses estimating the genetic correlation between schizophrenia (SCZ) and body mass index, we show that GREML estimates based on ∼150,000 individuals give a higher accuracy than LDSC estimates based on ∼400,000 individuals (from combined meta-data). A GREML genomic partitioning analysis reveals that the genetic correlation between SCZ and height is significantly negative for regulatory regions, which whole genome or LDSC approach has less power to detect. We conclude that LDSC estimates should be carefully interpreted as there can be uncertainty about homogeneity among combined meta-datasets. We suggest that any interesting findings from massive LDSC analysis for a large number of complex traits should be followed up, where possible, with more detailed analyses with GREML methods, even if sample sizes are lesser.
Published: 2018

33. Targeted Sequencing of 10,198 Samples Confirms Abnormalities in Neuronal Activity and Implicates Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis

Author: Rees, Elliott, primary, Carrera, Noa, additional, Morgan, Joanne, additional, Hambridge, Kirsty, additional, Escott-Price, Valentina, additional, Pocklington, Andrew J., additional, Richards, Alexander L., additional, Pardiñas, Antonio F., additional, McDonald, Colm, additional, Donohoe, Gary, additional, Morris, Derek W., additional, Kenny, Elaine, additional, Kelleher, Eric, additional, Gill, Michael, additional, Corvin, Aiden, additional, Kirov, George, additional, Walters, James T.R., additional, Holmans, Peter, additional, Owen, Michael J., additional, O’Donovan, Michael C., additional, Alizadeh, Behrooz Z., additional, van Amelsvoort, Therese, additional, Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A., additional, van Beveren, Nico J., additional, Bruggeman, Richard, additional, Cahn, Wiepke, additional, de Haan, Lieuwe, additional, Delespaul, Philippe, additional, Meijer, Carin J., additional, Myin-Germeys, Inez, additional, Kahn, Rene S., additional, Schirmbeck, Frederike, additional, Simons, Claudia J.P., additional, van Haren, Neeltje E., additional, van Os, Jim, additional, van Winkel, Ruud, additional, and Luykx, Jurjen J., additional
Published: 2019
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34. TARGETED SEQUENCING OF 187 PUTATIVE SCHIZOPHRENIA RISK GENES IN 5,207 CASES AND 4,991 CONTROLS

Author: Rees, Elliott, primary, Carrera, Noa, additional, Morgan, Joanne, additional, Pocklington, Andrew, additional, Escott-Price, Valentina, additional, Kirov, George, additional, Holmans, Peter, additional, Walters, James T.R., additional, Owen, Michael, additional, and O'Donovan, Michael, additional
Published: 2019
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35. Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects

Author: Marshall, Christian R. Howrigan, Daniel P. Merico, Daniele and Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma Wu, Wenting Greer, Douglas S. and Antaki, Danny Shetty, Aniket Holmans, Peter A. Pinto, Dalila and Gujral, Madhusudan Brandler, William M. Malhotra, Dheeraj and Wang, Zhouzhi Fajarado, Karin V. Fuentes Maile, Michelle S. and Ripke, Stephan Agartz, Ingrid Albus, Margot Alexander, Madeline Amin, Farooq Atkins, Joshua Bacanu, Silviu A. and Belliveau, Jr., Richard A. Bergen, Sarah E. Ertalan, Marcelo and Bevilacqua, Elizabeth Bigdeli, Tim B. Black, Donald W. and Bruggeman, Richard Buccola, Nancy G. Buckner, Randy L. and Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan Byerley, William Cahn, Wiepke Cai, Guiqing Cairns, Murray J. Campion, Dominique Cantor, Rita M. and Carr, Vaughan J. Carrera, Noa Catts, Stanley V. and Chambert, Kimberley D. Cheng, Wei Cloninger, C. Robert and Cohen, David Cormican, Paul Craddock, Nick Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto Crowley, James J. Curtis, David Davidson, Michael and Davis, Kenneth L. Degenhardt, Franziska Del Favero, Jurgen and DeLisi, Lynn E. Dikeos, Dimitris Dinan, Timothy and Djurovic, Srdjan Donohoe, Gary Drapeau, Elodie Duan, Jubao and Dudbridge, Frank Eichhammer, Peter Eriksson, Johan and Escott-Price, Valentina Essioux, Laurent Fanous, Ayman H. and Farh, Kai-How Farrell, Martilias S. Frank, Josef Franke, Lude Freedman, Robert Freimer, Nelson B. Friedman, Joseph I. and Forstner, Andreas J. Fromer, Menachem Genovese, Giulio and Georgieva, Lyudmila Gershon, Elliot S. Giegling, Ina and Giusti-Rodriguez, Paola Godard, Stephanie Goldstein, Jacqueline I. Gratten, Jacob de Haan, Lieuwe Hamshere, Marian L. and Hansen, Mark Hansen, Thomas Haroutunian, Vahram Hartmann, Annette M. Henskens, Frans A. Herms, Stefan Hirschhorn, Joel N. Hoffinann, Per Hofman, Andrea Huang, Hailiang Ikeda, Masashi Joa, Inge Kahler, Anna K. Kahn, Rene S. and Kalaydjieva, Luba Karjalainen, Juha Kavanagh, David Keller, Matthew C. Kelly, Brian J. Kennedy, James L. Kim, Yunjung and Knowles, James A. Konte, Bettina Laurent, Claudine Lee, Phil Lee, S. Hong Legge, Sophie E. Lerer, Bernard Levy, Deborah L. Liang, Kung-Yee Lieberman, Jeffrey Lonnqvist, Jouko Loughland, Carmel M. Magnusson, Patrik K. E. Maher, Brion S. Maier, Wolfgang Mallet, Jacques Mattheisen, Manuel and Mattingsdal, Morten McCarley, Robert W. McDonald, Colm and McIntosh, Andrew M. Meier, Sandra Meijer, Carin J. Melle, Ingrid Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I. Metspalu, Andres Michie, Patricia T. Milani, Lili Milanova, Vihra Mokrab, Younes and Morris, Derek W. Muller-Myhsok, Bertram Murphy, Kieran C. and Murray, Robin M. Myin-Germeys, Inez Nenadic, Igor Nertney, Deborah A. Nestadt, Gerald Nicodemus, Kristin K. Nisenbaum, Laura Nordin, Annelie O'Callaghan, Eadbhard O'Dushlaine, Colm Oh, Sang-Yun Olincy, Ann Olsen, Line O'Neill, F. Anthony Van Os, Jim Pantelis, Christos Papadimitriou, George N. Parkhomenko, Elena Pato, Michele T. Paunio, Tiina and Perkins, Diana O. Pers, Tune H. Pietilainen, Olli Pimm, Jonathan Pocklington, Andrew J. Powell, John Price, Alkes and Pulver, Ann E. Purcell, Shaun M. Quested, Digby and Rasmussen, Henrik B. Reichenberg, Abraham Reimers, Mark A. and Richards, Alexander L. Roffman, Joshua L. Roussos, Panos and Ruderfer, Douglas M. Salomaa, Veikko Sanders, Alan R. and Savitz, Adam Schall, Ulrich Schulze, Thomas G. Schwab, Sibylle G. Scolnick, Edward M. Scott, Rodney J. Seidman, Larry J. Shi, Jianxin Silverman, Jeremy M. Smoller, Jordan W. Soderman, Erik Spencer, Chris C. A. Stahl, Eli A. and Strengman, Eric Strohmaier, Jana Stroup, T. Scott Suvisaari, Jaana Svrakic, Dragan M. Szatkiewicz, Jin P. Thirumalai, Srinivas Tooney, Paul A. Veijola, Juha Visscher, Peter M. and Waddington, John Walsh, Dermot Webb, Bradley T. Weiser, Mark Wildenauer, Dieter B. Williams, Nigel M. Williams, Stephanie Witt, Stephanie H. Wolen, Aaron R. Wormley, Brandon K. Wray, Naomi R. Wu, Jing Qin Zai, Clement C. and Adolfsson, Rolf Andreassen, Ole A. Blackwood, Douglas H. R. and Bramon, Elvira Buxbaum, Joseph D. Cichon, Sven Collier, David A. Corvin, Aiden Daly, Mark J. Darvasi, Ariel and Domenici, Enrico Esko, Tonu Gejman, Pablo V. Gill, Michael and Gurling, Hugh Hultman, Christina M. Iwata, Nakao and Jablensky, Assen V. Jonsson, Erik G. Kendler, Kenneth S. and Kirov, George Knight, Jo Levinson, Douglas F. Li, Qingqin S. and McCarroll, Steven A. McQuillin, Andrew Moran, Jennifer L. and Mowry, Bryan J. Nothen, Markus M. Ophoff, Roel A. Owen, Michael J. Palotie, Aarno Pato, Carlos N. Petryshen, Tracey L. Posthuma, Danielle Rietschel, Marcella Riley, Brien P. and Rujescu, Dan Sklar, Pamela St Clair, David Walters, James T. R. Werge, Thomas Siillivan, Patrick F. O'Donovan, Michael C. Scherer, Stephen W. Neale, Benjamin M. Sebat, Jonathan CNV Schizophrenia Working Grp Psychosis Endophenotypes
Abstract: Copy number variants (CNVs) have been strongly implicated in the genetic etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, genome-wide investigation of the contribution of CNV to risk has been hampered by limited sample sizes. We sought to address this obstacle by applying a centralized analysis pipeline to a SCZ cohort of 21,094 cases and 20,227 controls. A global enrichment of CNV burden was observed in cases (odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, P = 5.7 x 10(-15)), which persisted after excluding loci implicated in previous studies (OR = 1.07, P = 1.7 x 10(-6)). CNV burden was enriched for genes associated with synaptic function (OR = 1.68, P = 2.8 x 10(-11)) and neurobehavioral phenotypes in mouse (OR = 1.18, P = 7.3 x 10(-5)). Genome-wide significant evidence was obtained for eight loci, including 1q21.1, 2p16.3 (NRXN1), 3q29, 7q11.2, 15q13.3, distal 16p11.2, proximal 16p11.2 and 22q11.2. Suggestive support was found for eight additional candidate susceptibility and protective loci, which consisted predominantly of CNVs mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination.
Published: 2017

36. No Reliable Association between Runs of Homozygosity and Schizophrenia in a Well-Powered Replication Study

Author: Johnson, Emma C., Bjelland, Douglas W., Howrigan, Daniel P., Abdellaoui, Abdel, Breen, Gerome, Borglum, Anders, Cichon, Sven, Degenhardt, Franziska, Forstner, Andreas J., Frank, Josef, Genovese, Giulio, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Herms, Stefan, Hoffman, Per, Maier, Wolfgang, Mattheisen, Manuel, Morris, Derek, Mowry, Bryan, Müller-Mhysok, Betram, Neale, Benjamin, Nenadic, Igor, Nöthen, Markus M., O’Dushlaine, Colm, Rietschel, Marcella, Ruderfer, Douglas M., Rujescu, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G., Simonson, Matthew A., Stahl, Eli, Strohmaier, Jana, Witt, Stephanie H., Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M., Corvin, Aiden, Walters, James T R, Farh, Kai How, Holmans, Peter A., Lee, Phil, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A., Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H., Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A., Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A., Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E., Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B., Black, Donald W., Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G., Buckner, Randy L., Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M., Carr, Vaughan J., Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V., Chambert, Kimberly D., Chan, Raymond C K, Chen, Ronald Y L, Chen, Eric Y H, Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric F C, Chong, Siow Ann, Robert Cloninger, C., Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crowley, James J., Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L., Del Favero, Jurgen, Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Durmishi, Naser, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H., Farrell, Martilias S., Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freimer, Nelson B., Friedl, Marion, Friedman, Joseph I., Fromer, Menachem, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Giegling, Ina, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., Golimbet, Vera, Gopal, Srihari, Gratten, Jacob, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hammer, Christian, Hamshere, Marian L., Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hartmann, Annette M., Henskens, Frans A., Hirschhorn, Joel N., Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Hollegaard, Mads V., Hougaard, David M., Ikeda, Masashi, Joa, Inge, Julià, Antonio, Kahn, René S., Kalaydjieva, Luba, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Karjalainen, Juha, Kavanagh, David, Kennedy, James L., Khrunin, Andrey, Kim, Yunjung, Klovins, Janis, Knowles, James A., Konte, Bettina, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, Kähler, Anna K., Laurent, Claudine, Chee Keong, Jimmy Lee, Hong Lee, S., Legge, Sophie E., Lerer, Bernard, Li, Miaoxin, Li, Tao, Liang, Kung Yee, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel M., Lubinski, Jan, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Macek, Milan, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Maher, Brion S., Mallet, Jacques, Marsal, Sara, Mattingsdal, Morten, McCarley, Robert W., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., Meier, Sandra, Meijer, Carin J., Melegh, Bela, Melle, Ingrid, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., Metspalu, Andres, Michie, Patricia T., Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Morris, Derek W., Mors, Ole, Murphy, Kieran C., Murray, Robin M., Myin-Germeys, Inez, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nelis, Mari, Nertney, Deborah A., Nestadt, Gerald, Nicodemus, Kristin K., Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, O'Dushlaine, Colm, Anthony O'Neill, F., Oh, Sang Yun, Olincy, Ann, Olsen, Line, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Papadimitriou, George N., Papiol, Sergi, Parkhomenko, Elena, Pato, Michele T., Paunio, Tiina, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Perkins, Diana O., Pietiläinen, Olli, Pimm, Jonathan, Pocklington, Andrew J., Powell, John, Price, Alkes, Pulver, Ann E., Purcell, Shaun M., Quested, Digby, Rasmussen, Henrik B., Reichenberg, Abraham, Reimers, Mark A., Richards, Alexander L., Roffman, Joshua L., Roussos, Panos, Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schubert, Christian R., Schwab, Sibylle G., Scolnick, Edward M., Scott, Rodney J., Seidman, Larry J., Shi, Jianxin, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Silverman, Jeremy M., Sim, Kang, Slominsky, Petr, Smoller, Jordan W., So, Hon Cheong, Spencer, Chris C A, Stahl, Eli A., Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Stogmann, Elisabeth, Straub, Richard E., Strengman, Eric, Scott Stroup, T., Subramaniam, Mythily, Suvisaari, Jaana, Svrakic, Dragan M., Szatkiewicz, Jin P., Söderman, Erik, Thirumalai, Srinivas, Toncheva, Draga, Tosato, Sarah, Veijola, Juha, Waddington, John, Walsh, Dermot, Wang, Dai, Wang, Qiang, Webb, Bradley T., Weiser, Mark, Wildenauer, Dieter B., Williams, Nigel M., Williams, Stephanie, Wolen, Aaron R., Wong, Emily H M, Wormley, Brandon K., Xi, Hualin Simon, Zai, Clement C., Zheng, Xuebin, Zimprich, Fritz, Wray, Naomi R., Stefansson, Kari, Visscher, Peter M., Adolfsson, Rolf, Andreassen, Ole A., Blackwood, Douglas H R, Bramon, Elvira, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Børglum, Anders D., Darvasi, Ariel, Domenici, Enrico, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Esko, Tõnu, Gejman, Pablo V., Gill, Michael, Gurling, Hugh, Hultman, Christina M., Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V., Jönsson, Erik G., Kendler, Kenneth S., Kirov, George, Knight, Jo, Lencz, Todd, Levinson, Douglas F., Li, Qingqin S., Liu, Jianjun, Malhotra, Anil K., McCarroll, Steven A., McQuillin, Andrew, Moran, Jennifer L., Mortensen, Preben B., Mowry, Bryan J., Ophoff, Roel A., Owen, Michael J., Palotie, Aarno, Pato, Carlos N., Petryshen, Tracey L., Posthuma, Danielle, Riley, Brien P., Sham, Pak C., Sklar, Pamela, Clair, David S., Weinberger, Daniel R., Wendland, Jens R., Werge, Thomas, Daly, Mark J., O'Donovan, Michael C., Sullivan, Patrick F., Keller, Matthew C., Biological Psychology, Johnson, Emma C, Bjelland, Douglas W, Howrigan, Daniel P, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Lee, S Hong, Keller, Matthew C, and Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Cancer Research, Heredity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Genetics (clinical), Social Sciences, Genome-wide association study, Disease, 030105 genetics & heredity, Runs of Homozygosity, Homozygosity, Consanguinity, Sociology, Polymorphism (computer science), Consortia, Medicine and Health Sciences, Genetics(clinical), Inbreeding, Ecology, Depression, Homozygote, Genomics, 3. Good health, Schizophrenia, Research Design, Physical Sciences, Female, Statistics (Mathematics), Research Article, lcsh:QH426-470, Evolution, Replication Studies, inbreeding, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Genome Complexity, Research and Analysis Methods, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals, Behavior and Systematics, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Mental Health and Psychiatry, medicine, Confidence Intervals, Humans, replication study, Mood Disorders, Genome, Human, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, medicine.disease, schizophrenia, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, homozygosity, Mathematics, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: It is well known that inbreeding increases the risk of recessive monogenic diseases, but it is less certain whether it contributes to the etiology of complex diseases such as schizophrenia. One way to estimate the effects of inbreeding is to examine the association between disease diagnosis and genome-wide autozygosity estimated using runs of homozygosity (ROH) in genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. Using data for schizophrenia from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (n = 21,868), Keller et al. (2012) estimated that the odds of developing schizophrenia increased by approximately 17% for every additional percent of the genome that is autozygous (β = 16.1, CI(β) = [6.93, 25.7], Z = 3.44, p = 0.0006). Here we describe replication results from 22 independent schizophrenia case-control datasets from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (n = 39,830). Using the same ROH calling thresholds and procedures as Keller et al. (2012), we were unable to replicate the significant association between ROH burden and schizophrenia in the independent PGC phase II data, although the effect was in the predicted direction, and the combined (original + replication) dataset yielded an attenuated but significant relationship between Froh and schizophrenia (β = 4.86,CI(β) = [0.90,8.83],Z = 2.40,p = 0.02). Since Keller et al. (2012), several studies reported inconsistent association of ROH burden with complex traits, particularly in case-control data. These conflicting results might suggest that the effects of autozygosity are confounded by various factors, such as socioeconomic status, education, urbanicity, and religiosity, which may be associated with both real inbreeding and the outcome measures of interest., Author Summary It is well known that mating between relatives increases the risk that a child will have a rare recessive genetic disease, but there has also been increasing interest and inconsistent findings on whether inbreeding is a risk factor for common, complex psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. The best powered study to date investigating this theory predicted that the odds of developing schizophrenia increase by approximately 17% for every additional percent of the genome that shows evidence of inbreeding. In this replication, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data from 18,562 schizophrenia cases and 21,268 controls to quantify the degree to which they were inbred and to test the hypothesis that schizophrenia cases show higher mean levels of inbreeding. Contrary to the original study, we did not find evidence for distant inbreeding to play a role in schizophrenia risk. There are various confounding factors that could explain the discrepancy in results from the original study and our replication, and this should serve as a cautionary note–careful attention should be paid to issues like ascertainment when using the data from genome-wide case-control association studies for secondary analyses for which the data may not have originally been intended.
Published: 2016

37. Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes

Author: Ruderfer, Douglas M., primary, Ripke, Stephan, additional, McQuillin, Andrew, additional, Boocock, James, additional, Stahl, Eli A., additional, Pavlides, Jennifer M. Whitehead, additional, Mullins, Niamh, additional, Charney, Alexander W., additional, Ori, Anil P.S., additional, Loohuis, Loes M. Olde, additional, Domenici, Enrico, additional, Di Florio, Arianna, additional, Papiol, Sergi, additional, Kalman, Janos L., additional, Trubetskoy, Vassily, additional, Adolfsson, Rolf, additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Agerbo, Esben, additional, Akil, Huda, additional, Albani, Diego, additional, Albus, Margot, additional, Alda, Martin, additional, Alexander, Madeline, additional, Alliey-Rodriguez, Ney, additional, Als, Thomas D., additional, Amin, Farooq, additional, Anjorin, Adebayo, additional, Arranz, Maria J., additional, Awasthi, Swapnil, additional, Bacanu, Silviu A., additional, Badner, Judith A., additional, Baekvad-Hansen, Marie, additional, Bakker, Steven, additional, Band, Gavin, additional, Barchas, Jack D., additional, Barroso, Ines, additional, Bass, Nicholas, additional, Bauer, Michael, additional, Baune, Bernhard T., additional, Begemann, Martin, additional, Bellenguez, Celine, additional, Belliveau, Richard A., additional, Bellivier, Frank, additional, Bender, Stephan, additional, Bene, Judit, additional, Bergen, Sarah E., additional, Berrettini, Wade H., additional, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, additional, Biernacka, Joanna M., additional, Bigdeli, Tim B., additional, Black, Donald W., additional, Blackburn, Hannah, additional, Blackwell, Jenefer M., additional, Blackwood, Douglas H.R., additional, Pedersen, Carsten Bocker, additional, Boehnke, Michael, additional, Boks, Marco, additional, Borglum, Anders D., additional, Bramon, Elvira, additional, Breen, Gerome, additional, Brown, Matthew A., additional, Bruggeman, Richard, additional, Buccola, Nancy G., additional, Buckner, Randy L., additional, Budde, Monika, additional, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, additional, Bumpstead, Suzannah J., additional, Bunney, William, additional, Burmeister, Margit, additional, Buxbaum, Joseph D., additional, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, additional, Byerley, William, additional, Cahn, Wiepke, additional, Cai, Guiqing, additional, Cairns, Murray J., additional, Campion, Dominique, additional, Cantor, Rita M., additional, Carr, Vaughan J., additional, Carrera, Noa, additional, Casas, Juan P., additional, Casas, Miquel, additional, Catts, Stanley V., additional, Cervantes, Pablo, additional, Chambert, Kimberley D., additional, Chan, Raymond C.K., additional, Chen, Eric Y.H., additional, Chen, Ronald Y.L., additional, Cheng, Wei, additional, Cheung, Eric F.C., additional, Chong, Siow Ann, additional, Clarke, Toni-Kim, additional, Cloninger, C. Robert, additional, Cohen, David, additional, Cohen, Nadine, additional, Coleman, Jonathan R.I., additional, Collier, David A., additional, Cormican, Paul, additional, Coryell, William, additional, Craddock, Nicholas, additional, Craig, David W., additional, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, additional, Crowley, James J., additional, Cruceanu, Cristiana, additional, Curtis, David, additional, Czerski, Piotr M., additional, Dale, Anders M., additional, Daly, Mark J., additional, Dannlowski, Udo, additional, Darvasi, Ariel, additional, Davidson, Michael, additional, Davis, Kenneth L., additional, de Leeuw, Christiaan A., additional, Degenhardt, Franziska, additional, Del Favero, Jurgen, additional, DeLisi, Lynn E., additional, Deloukas, Panos, additional, Demontis, Ditte, additional, DePaulo, J. Raymond, additional, di Forti, Marta, additional, Dikeos, Dimitris, additional, Dinan, Timothy, additional, Djurovic, Srdjan, additional, Dobbyn, Amanda L., additional, Donnelly, Peter, additional, Donohoe, Gary, additional, Drapeau, Elodie, additional, Dronov, Serge, additional, Duan, Jubao, additional, Dudbridge, Frank, additional, Duncanson, Audrey, additional, Edenberg, Howard, additional, Edkins, Sarah, additional, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, additional, Eichhammer, Peter, additional, Elvsashagen, Torbjorn, additional, Eriksson, Johan, additional, Escott-Price, Valentina, additional, Esko, Tonu, additional, Essioux, Laurent, additional, Etain, Bruno, additional, Fan, Chun Chieh, additional, Farh, Kai-How, additional, Farrell, Martilias S., additional, Flickinger, Matthew, additional, Foroud, Tatiana M., additional, Forty, Liz, additional, Frank, Josef, additional, Franke, Lude, additional, Fraser, Christine, additional, Freedman, Robert, additional, Freeman, Colin, additional, Freimer, Nelson B., additional, Friedman, Joseph I., additional, Fromer, Menachem, additional, Frye, Mark A., additional, Fullerton, Janice M., additional, Gade, Katrin, additional, Garnham, Julie, additional, Gaspar, Helena A., additional, Gejman, Pablo V., additional, Genovese, Giulio, additional, Georgieva, Lyudmila, additional, Giambartolomei, Claudia, additional, Giannoulatou, Eleni, additional, Giegling, Ina, additional, Gill, Michael, additional, Gillman, Matthew, additional, Pedersen, Marianne Giortz, additional, Giusti-Rodriguez, Paola, additional, Godard, Stephanie, additional, Goes, Fernando, additional, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., additional, Gopal, Srihari, additional, Gordon, Scott D., additional, Gordon-Smith, Katherine, additional, Gratten, Jacob, additional, Gray, Emma, additional, Green, Elaine K., additional, Green, Melissa J., additional, Greenwood, Tiffany A., additional, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, additional, Grove, Jakob, additional, Guan, Weihua, additional, Gurling, Hugh, additional, Parra, Jose Guzman, additional, Gwilliam, Rhian, additional, de Haan, Lieuwe, additional, Hall, Jeremy, additional, Hall, Mei-Hua, additional, Hammer, Christian, additional, Hammond, Naomi, additional, Hamshere, Marian L., additional, Hansen, Mark, additional, Hansen, Thomas, additional, Haroutunian, Vahram, additional, Hartmann, Annette M., additional, Hauser, Joanna, additional, Hautzinger, Martin, additional, Heilbronner, Urs, additional, Hellenthal, Garrett, additional, Henskens, Frans A., additional, Herms, Stefan, additional, Hipolito, Maria, additional, Hirschhorn, Joel N., additional, Hoffmann, Per, additional, Hollegaard, Mads V., additional, Hougaard, David M., additional, Huang, Hailiang, additional, Huckins, Laura, additional, Hultman, Christina M., additional, Hunt, Sarah E., additional, Ikeda, Masashi, additional, Iwata, Nakao, additional, Iyegbe, Conrad, additional, Jablensky, Assen V., additional, Jamain, Stephane, additional, Jankowski, Janusz, additional, Jayakumar, Alagurevathi, additional, Joa, Inge, additional, Jones, Ian, additional, Jones, Lisa A., additional, Jonsson, Erik G., additional, Julia, Antonio, additional, Jureus, Anders, additional, Kahler, Anna K., additional, Kahn, Rene S., additional, Kalaydjieva, Luba, additional, Kandaswamy, Radhika, additional, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, additional, Karjalainen, Juha, additional, Karlsson, Robert, additional, Kavanagh, David, additional, Keller, Matthew C., additional, Kelly, Brian J., additional, Kelsoe, John, additional, Kennedy, James L., additional, Khrunin, Andrey, additional, Kim, Yunjung, additional, Kirov, George, additional, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, additional, Klovins, Janis, additional, Knight, Jo, additional, Knott, Sarah V., additional, Knowles, James A., additional, Kogevinas, Manolis, additional, Konte, Bettina, additional, Kravariti, Eugenia, additional, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, additional, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, additional, Kupka, Ralph, additional, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, additional, Landen, Mikael, additional, Langford, Cordelia, additional, Laurent, Claudine, additional, Lawrence, Jacob, additional, Lawrie, Stephen, additional, Lawson, William B., additional, Leber, Markus, additional, Leboyer, Marion, additional, Lee, Phil H., additional, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, additional, Legge, Sophie E., additional, Lencz, Todd, additional, Lerer, Bernard, additional, Levinson, Douglas F., additional, Levy, Shawn E., additional, Lewis, Cathryn M., additional, Li, Jun Z., additional, Li, Miaoxin, additional, Li, Qingqin S., additional, Li, Tao, additional, Liang, Kung-Yee, additional, Liddle, Jennifer, additional, Lieberman, Jeffrey, additional, Limborska, Svetlana, additional, Lin, Kuang, additional, Linszen, Don H., additional, Lissowska, Jolanta, additional, Liu, Chunyu, additional, Liu, Jianjun, additional, Lonnqvist, Jouko, additional, Loughland, Carmel M., additional, Lubinski, Jan, additional, Lucae, Susanne, additional, Macek, Milan, additional, MacIntyre, Donald J., additional, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., additional, Maher, Brion S., additional, Mahon, Pamela B., additional, Maier, Wolfgang, additional, Malhotra, Anil K., additional, Mallet, Jacques, additional, Malt, Ulrik F., additional, Markus, Hugh S., additional, Marsal, Sara, additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Mata, Ignacio, additional, Mathew, Christopher G., additional, Mattheisen, Manuel, additional, Mattingsdal, Morten, additional, Mayoral, Fermin, additional, McCann, Owen T., additional, McCarley, Robert W., additional, McCarroll, Steven A., additional, McCarthy, Mark I., additional, McDonald, Colm, additional, McElroy, Susan L., additional, McGuffin, Peter, additional, McInnis, Melvin G., additional, McIntosh, Andrew M., additional, McKay, James D., additional, McMahon, Francis J., additional, Medeiros, Helena, additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Meier, Sandra, additional, Meijer, Carin J., additional, Melegh, Bela, additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Meng, Fan, additional, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., additional, Metspalu, Andres, additional, Michie, Patricia T., additional, Milani, Lili, additional, Milanova, Vihra, additional, Mitchell, Philip B., additional, Mokrab, Younes, additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Moran, Jennifer L., additional, Morken, Gunnar, additional, Morris, Derek W., additional, Mors, Ole, additional, Mortensen, Preben B., additional, Mowry, Bryan J., additional, Mühleisen, Thomas W., additional, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, additional, Murphy, Kieran C., additional, Murray, Robin M., additional, Myers, Richard M., additional, Myin-Germeys, Inez, additional, Neale, Benjamin M., additional, Nelis, Mari, additional, Nenadic, Igor, additional, Nertney, Deborah A., additional, Nestadt, Gerald, additional, Nicodemus, Kristin K., additional, Nievergelt, Caroline M., additional, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, additional, Nimgaonkar, Vishwajit, additional, Nisenbaum, Laura, additional, Nordentoft, Merete, additional, Nordin, Annelie, additional, Nöthen, Markus M., additional, Nwulia, Evaristus A., additional, O’Callaghan, Eadbhard, additional, O’Donovan, Claire, additional, O’Dushlaine, Colm, additional, O’Neill, F. Anthony, additional, Oedegaard, Ketil J., additional, Oh, Sang-Yun, additional, Olincy, Ann, additional, Olsen, Line, additional, Oruc, Lilijana, additional, Van Os, Jim, additional, Owen, Michael J., additional, Paciga, Sara A., additional, Palmer, Colin N.A., additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Papadimitriou, George N., additional, Parkhomenko, Elena, additional, Pato, Carlos, additional, Pato, Michele T., additional, Paunio, Tiina, additional, Pearson, Richard, additional, Perkins, Diana O., additional, Perlis, Roy H., additional, Perry, Amy, additional, Pers, Tune H., additional, Petryshen, Tracey L., additional, Pfennig, Andrea, additional, Picchioni, Marco, additional, Pietilainen, Olli, additional, Pimm, Jonathan, additional, Pirinen, Matti, additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Pocklington, Andrew J., additional, Posthuma, Danielle, additional, Potash, James B., additional, Potter, Simon C., additional, Powell, John, additional, Price, Alkes, additional, Pulver, Ann E., additional, Purcell, Shaun M., additional, Quested, Digby, additional, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, additional, Rasmussen, Henrik B., additional, Rautanen, Anna, additional, Ravindrarajah, Radhi, additional, Regeer, Eline J., additional, Reichenberg, Abraham, additional, Reif, Andreas, additional, Reimers, Mark A., additional, Ribases, Marta, additional, Rice, John P., additional, Richards, Alexander L., additional, Ricketts, Michelle, additional, Riley, Brien P., additional, Rivas, Fabio, additional, Rivera, Margarita, additional, Roffman, Joshua L., additional, Rouleau, Guy A., additional, Roussos, Panos, additional, Rujescu, Dan, additional, Salomaa, Veikko, additional, Sanchez-Mora, Cristina, additional, Sanders, Alan R., additional, Sawcer, Stephen J., additional, Schall, Ulrich, additional, Schatzberg, Alan F., additional, Scheftner, William A., additional, Schofield, Peter R., additional, Schork, Nicholas J., additional, Schwab, Sibylle G., additional, Scolnick, Edward M., additional, Scott, Laura J., additional, Scott, Rodney J., additional, Seidman, Larry J., additional, Serretti, Alessandro, additional, Sham, Pak C., additional, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, additional, Shehktman, Tatyana, additional, Shi, Jianxin, additional, Shilling, Paul D., additional, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, additional, Silverman, Jeremy M., additional, Sim, Kang, additional, Slaney, Claire, additional, Slominsky, Petr, additional, Smeland, Olav B., additional, Smoller, Jordan W., additional, So, Hon-Cheong, additional, Sobell, Janet L., additional, Soderman, Erik, additional, Hansen, Christine Soholm, additional, Spencer, Chris C.A., additional, Spijker, Anne T., additional, St Clair, David, additional, Stefansson, Hreinn, additional, Stefansson, Kari, additional, Steinberg, Stacy, additional, Stogmann, Elisabeth, additional, Stordal, Eystein, additional, Strange, Amy, additional, Straub, Richard E., additional, Strauss, John S., additional, Streit, Fabian, additional, Strengman, Eric, additional, Strohmaier, Jana, additional, Stroup, T. Scott, additional, Su, Zhan, additional, Subramaniam, Mythily, additional, Suvisaari, Jaana, additional, Svrakic, Dragan M., additional, Szatkiewicz, Jin P., additional, Szelinger, Szabolcs, additional, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Avazeh, additional, Thirumalai, Srinivas, additional, Thompson, Robert C., additional, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., additional, Toncheva, Draga, additional, Tooney, Paul A., additional, Tosato, Sarah, additional, Toulopoulou, Timothea, additional, Trembath, Richard C., additional, Treutlein, Jens, additional, Turecki, Gustavo, additional, Vaaler, Arne E., additional, Vedder, Helmut, additional, Vieta, Eduard, additional, Vincent, John, additional, Visscher, Peter M., additional, Viswanathan, Ananth C., additional, Vukcevic, Damjan, additional, Waddington, John, additional, Waller, Matthew, additional, Walsh, Dermot, additional, Walshe, Muriel, additional, Walters, James T.R., additional, Wang, Dai, additional, Wang, Qiang, additional, Wang, Weiqing, additional, Wang, Yunpeng, additional, Watson, Stanley J., additional, Webb, Bradley T., additional, Weickert, Thomas W., additional, Weinberger, Daniel R., additional, Weisbrod, Matthias, additional, Weiser, Mark, additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Weston, Paul, additional, Whittaker, Pamela, additional, Widaa, Sara, additional, Wiersma, Durk, additional, Wildenauer, Dieter B., additional, Williams, Nigel M., additional, Williams, Stephanie, additional, Witt, Stephanie H., additional, Wolen, Aaron R., additional, Wong, Emily H.M., additional, Wood, Nicholas W., additional, Wormley, Brandon K., additional, Wu, Jing Qin, additional, Xi, Simon, additional, Xu, Wei, additional, Young, Allan H., additional, Zai, Clement C., additional, Zandi, Peter, additional, Zhang, Peng, additional, Zheng, Xuebin, additional, Zimprich, Fritz, additional, Zollner, Sebastian, additional, Corvin, Aiden, additional, Fanous, Ayman H., additional, Cichon, Sven, additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, Gershon, Elliot S., additional, Schulze, Thomas G., additional, Cuellar-Barboza, Alfredo B., additional, Forstner, Andreas J., additional, Holmans, Peter A., additional, Nurnberger, John I., additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Lee, S. Hong, additional, O’Donovan, Michael C., additional, Sullivan, Patrick F., additional, Ophoff, Roel A., additional, Wray, Naomi R., additional, Sklar, Pamela, additional, and Kendler, Kenneth S., additional
Published: 2018
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38. Estimation of Genetic Correlation via Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression and Genomic Restricted Maximum Likelihood

Author: Ni, Guiyan, primary, Moser, Gerhard, additional, Wray, Naomi R., additional, Lee, S. Hong, additional, Ripke, Stephan, additional, Neale, Benjamin M., additional, Corvin, Aiden, additional, Walters, James T.R., additional, Farh, Kai-How, additional, Holmans, Peter A., additional, Lee, Phil, additional, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, additional, Collier, David A., additional, Huang, Hailiang, additional, Pers, Tune H., additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Agerbo, Esben, additional, Albus, Margot, additional, Alexander, Madeline, additional, Amin, Farooq, additional, Bacanu, Silviu A., additional, Begemann, Martin, additional, Belliveau, Richard A., additional, Bene, Judit, additional, Bergen, Sarah E., additional, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, additional, Bigdeli, Tim B., additional, Black, Donald W., additional, Bruggeman, Richard, additional, Buccola, Nancy G., additional, Buckner, Randy L., additional, Byerley, William, additional, Cahn, Wiepke, additional, Cai, Guiqing, additional, Campion, Dominique, additional, Cantor, Rita M., additional, Carr, Vaughan J., additional, Carrera, Noa, additional, Catts, Stanley V., additional, Chambert, Kimberly D., additional, Chan, Raymond C.K., additional, Chen, Ronald Y.L., additional, Chen, Eric Y.H., additional, Cheng, Wei, additional, Cheung, Eric F.C., additional, Chong, Siow Ann, additional, Cloninger, C. Robert, additional, Cohen, David, additional, Cohen, Nadine, additional, Cormican, Paul, additional, Craddock, Nick, additional, Crowley, James J., additional, Curtis, David, additional, Davidson, Michael, additional, Davis, Kenneth L., additional, Degenhardt, Franziska, additional, Del Favero, Jurgen, additional, Demontis, Ditte, additional, Dikeos, Dimitris, additional, Dinan, Timothy, additional, Djurovic, Srdjan, additional, Donohoe, Gary, additional, Drapeau, Elodie, additional, Duan, Jubao, additional, Dudbridge, Frank, additional, Durmishi, Naser, additional, Eichhammer, Peter, additional, Eriksson, Johan, additional, Escott-Price, Valentina, additional, Essioux, Laurent, additional, Fanous, Ayman H., additional, Farrell, Martilias S., additional, Frank, Josef, additional, Franke, Lude, additional, Freedman, Robert, additional, Freimer, Nelson B., additional, Friedl, Marion, additional, Friedman, Joseph I., additional, Fromer, Menachem, additional, Genovese, Giulio, additional, Georgieva, Lyudmila, additional, Giegling, Ina, additional, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, additional, Godard, Stephanie, additional, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., additional, Golimbet, Vera, additional, Gopal, Srihari, additional, Gratten, Jacob, additional, de Haan, Lieuwe, additional, Hammer, Christian, additional, Hamshere, Marian L., additional, Hansen, Mark, additional, Hansen, Thomas, additional, Haroutunian, Vahram, additional, Hartmann, Annette M., additional, Henskens, Frans A., additional, Herms, Stefan, additional, Hirschhorn, Joel N., additional, Hoffmann, Per, additional, Hofman, Andrea, additional, Hollegaard, Mads V., additional, Hougaard, David M., additional, Ikeda, Masashi, additional, Joa, Inge, additional, Juliá, Antonio, additional, Kahn, René S., additional, Kalaydjieva, Luba, additional, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, additional, Karjalainen, Juha, additional, Kavanagh, David, additional, Keller, Matthew C., additional, Kennedy, James L., additional, Khrunin, Andrey, additional, Kim, Yunjung, additional, Klovins, Janis, additional, Knowles, James A., additional, Konte, Bettina, additional, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, additional, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, additional, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, additional, Kähler, Anna K., additional, Laurent, Claudine, additional, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, additional, Legge, Sophie E., additional, Lerer, Bernard, additional, Li, Miaoxin, additional, Li, Tao, additional, Liang, Kung-Yee, additional, Lieberman, Jeffrey, additional, Limborska, Svetlana, additional, Loughland, Carmel M., additional, Lubinski, Jan, additional, Lönnqvist, Jouko, additional, Macek, Milan, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., additional, Maher, Brion S., additional, Maier, Wolfgang, additional, Mallet, Jacques, additional, Marsal, Sara, additional, Mattheisen, Manuel, additional, Mattingsda, Morten, additional, McCarley, Robert W., additional, McDonald, Colm, additional, McIntosh, Andrew M., additional, Meier, Sandra, additional, Meijer, Carin J., additional, Melegh, Bela, additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., additional, Metspalu, Andres, additional, Michie, Patricia T., additional, Milani, Lili, additional, Milanova, Vihra, additional, Mokrab, Younes, additional, Morris, Derek W., additional, Mors, Ole, additional, Murphy, Kieran C., additional, Murray, Robin M., additional, Myin-Germeys, Inez, additional, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, additional, Nelis, Mari, additional, Nenadic, Igor, additional, Nertney, Deborah A., additional, Nestadt, Gerald, additional, Nicodemus, Kristin K., additional, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, additional, Nisenbaum, Laura, additional, Nordin, Annelie, additional, O’Callaghan, Eadbhard, additional, O’Dushlaine, Colm, additional, O’Neill, F. Anthony, additional, Oh, Sang-Yun, additional, Olinc, Ann, additional, Olsen, Line, additional, Van Os, Jim, additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Papadimitriou, George N., additional, Papio, Sergi, additional, Parkhomenko, Elena, additional, Pato, Michele T., additional, Paunio, Tiina, additional, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, additional, Perkins, Diana O., additional, Pietiläinenl, Olli, additional, Pimm, Jonathan, additional, Pocklington, Andrew J., additional, Powell, John, additional, Price, Alkes, additional, Pulver, Ann E., additional, Purcell, Shaun M., additional, Quested, Digby, additional, Rasmussen, Henrik B., additional, Reichenberg, Abraham, additional, Reimers, Mark A., additional, Richards, Alexander L., additional, Roffman, Joshua L., additional, Roussos, Panos, additional, Ruderfer, Douglas M., additional, Salomaa, Veikko, additional, Sanders, Alan R., additional, Schall, Ulrich, additional, Schubert, Christian R., additional, Schulze, Thomas G., additional, Schwab, Sibylle G., additional, Scolnick, Edward M., additional, Scott, Rodney J., additional, Seidman, Larry J., additional, Shi, Jianxin, additional, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, additional, Silagadze, Teimuraz, additional, Silverman, Jeremy M., additional, Sim, Kang, additional, Slominsky, Petr, additional, Smoller, Jordan W., additional, So, Hon-Cheong, additional, Spencer, Chris C.A., additional, Stah, Eli A., additional, Stefansson, Hreinn, additional, Steinberg, Stacy, additional, Stogmann, Elisabeth, additional, Straub, Richard E., additional, Strengman, Eric, additional, Strohmaier, Jana, additional, Stroup, T. Scott, additional, Subramaniam, Mythily, additional, Suvisaari, Jaana, additional, Svrakic, Dragan M., additional, Szatkiewicz, Jin P., additional, Söderman, Erik, additional, Thirumalai, Srinivas, additional, Toncheva, Draga, additional, Tosato, Sarah, additional, Veijola, Juha, additional, Waddington, John, additional, Walsh, Dermot, additional, Wang, Dai, additional, Wang, Qiang, additional, Webb, Bradley T., additional, Weiser, Mark, additional, Wildenauer, Dieter B., additional, Williams, Nigel M., additional, Williams, Stephanie, additional, Witt, Stephanie H., additional, Wolen, Aaron R., additional, Wong, Emily H.M., additional, Wormley, Brandon K., additional, Xi, Hualin Simon, additional, Zai, Clement C., additional, Zheng, Xuebin, additional, Zimprich, Fritz, additional, Stefansson, Kari, additional, Visscher, Peter M., additional, Adolfsson, Rolf, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Blackwood, Douglas H.R., additional, Bramon, Elvira, additional, Buxbaum, Joseph D., additional, Børglum, Anders D., additional, Cichon, Sven, additional, Darvasi, Ariel, additional, Domenici, Enrico, additional, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, additional, Esko, Tõnu, additional, Gejman, Pablo V., additional, Gill, Michael, additional, Gurling, Hugh, additional, Hultman, Christina M., additional, Iwata, Nakao, additional, Jablensky, Assen V., additional, Jönsson, Erik G., additional, Kendler, Kenneth S., additional, Kirov, George, additional, Knight, Jo, additional, Lencz, Todd, additional, Levinson, Douglas F., additional, Li, Qingqin S., additional, Liu, Jianjun, additional, Malhotra, Anil K., additional, McCarrol, Steven A., additional, McQuillin, Andrew, additional, Moran, Jennifer L., additional, Mortensen, Preben B., additional, Mowry, Bryan J., additional, Nöthen, Markus M., additional, Ophoff, Roel A., additional, Owen, Michael J., additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Pato, Carlos N., additional, Petryshen, Tracey L., additional, Posthuma, Danielle, additional, Rietsche, Marcella, additional, Riley, Brien P., additional, Rujescu, Dan, additional, Sham, Pak C., additional, Sklar, Pamela, additional, St Clair, David, additional, Weinberger, Daniel R., additional, Wendland, Jens R., additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Daly, Mark J., additional, Sullivan, Patrick F., additional, and O’Donovan, Michael C., additional
Published: 2018
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39. Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and maintained by background selection

Author: Pardiñas, Antonio F, Holmans, Peter, Pocklington, Andrew J, Escott-Price, Valentina, Ripke, Stephan, Carrera, Noa, Legge, Sophie E, Bishop, Sophie, Cameron, Darren, Hamshere, Marian L, Han, Jun, Hubbard, Leon, Lynham, Amy, Mantripragada, Kiran, Rees, Elliott, MacCabe, James H, McCarroll, Steven A, Baune, Bernhard T, Breen, Gerome, Byrne, Enda M, Dannlowski, Udo, Eley, Thalia C, Hayward, Caroline, Martin, Nicholas G, McIntosh, Andrew M, Plomin, Robert, Porteous, David J, Wray, Naomi R, Collier, David A, Rujescu, Dan, Kirov, George, Owen, Michael J, ODonovan, Michael C, and Walters, James T R
Subjects: Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Candidate gene, Mechanism (biology), Population, Genome-wide association study, Biology, medicine.disease, Genetic architecture, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Schizophrenia, medicine, education, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Loss function, ERBB4, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric condition often associated with poor quality of life and decreased life expectancy. Lack of progress in improving treatment outcomes has been attributed to limited knowledge of the underlying biology, although large-scale genomic studies have begun to provide such insight. We report the largest single cohort genome-wide association study of schizophrenia (11,260 cases and 24,542 controls) and through meta-analysis with existing data we identify 50 novel GWAS loci. Using gene-wide association statistics we implicate an additional set of 22 novel associations that map onto a single gene. We show for the first time that the common variant association signal is highly enriched among genes that are intolerant to loss of function mutations and that variants in these genes persist in the population despite the low fecundity associated with the disorder through the process of background selection. Associations point to novel areas of biology (e.g. metabotropic GABA-B signalling and acetyl cholinesterase), reinforce those implicated in earlier GWAS studies (e.g. calcium channel function), converge with earlier rare variants studies (e.g. NRXN1, GABAergic signalling), identify novel overlaps with autism (e.g. RBFOX1, FOXP1, FOXG1), and support early controversial candidate gene hypotheses (e.g. ERBB4 implicating neuregulin signalling). We also demonstrate the involvement of six independent central nervous system functional gene sets in schizophrenia pathophysiology. These findings provide novel insights into the biology and genetic architecture of schizophrenia, highlight the importance of mutation intolerant genes and suggest a mechanism by which common risk variants are maintained in the population.
Published: 2016

40. Identification of putative second genetic hits in schizophrenia carriers of high-risk copy number variants and resequencing in additional samples

Author: Rodríguez-López, Julio, primary, Sobrino, Beatriz, additional, Amigo, Jorge, additional, Carrera, Noa, additional, Brenlla, Julio, additional, Agra, Santiago, additional, Paz, Eduardo, additional, Carracedo, Ángel, additional, Páramo, Mario, additional, Arrojo, Manuel, additional, and Costas, Javier, additional
Published: 2017
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41. Analysis of exome sequence in 604 trios for recessive genotypes in schizophrenia

Author: Rees, Elliott, Kirov, George, Walters, James Tynan Rhys, Richards, Alexander, Howrigan, D., Kavanagh, D. H., Pocklington, Andrew, Fromer, M., Ruderfer, D..M., Georgieva, Lyudmila, Carrera, Noa, Gormley, P., Palta, P., Williams, H., Dwyer, S., Johnson, J. S., Roussos, P., Barker, D. D., Banks, E., Milanova, V., Rose, S .A., Chambert, K., Mahajan, M, Scolnick, E. M., Moran, J. L., Tsuang, M. T., Glatt, S. J., Chen, W. J., Hwu, H.-G., Faraone, Stephen V., Roe, Cheri A., Chandler, Sharon D., Liu, Chih-Min, Liu, Chen-Chung, Yeh, Ling-Ling, Ouyang, Wen-Chen, Chan, Hung-Yu, Chen, Chun-Ying, Neale, B. M., Palotie, A., Sklar, P., Purcell, S. M., McCarroll, S .A., Holmans, Peter Alan, Owen, Michael John, O'Donovan, Michael Conlon, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, and Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Subjects: Nonsynonymous substitution, Male, INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, LOCI, Genome-wide association study, Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels, VARIANTS, Compound heterozygosity, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Medicine, Psychology, Exome, HOMOZYGOSITY, Aetiology, Exome sequencing, Genetics, Psychiatry, RISK, 0303 health sciences, Homozygote, Serious Mental Illness, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mental Health, Public Health and Health Services, Female, Original Article, Taiwanese Trios Exome Sequencing Consortium, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Heterozygote, Genotype, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Clinical Sciences, Genes, Recessive, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Clinical Research, Recessive, Humans, Family, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, AUTISM, Allele frequency, Biological Psychiatry, 030304 developmental biology, SPECTRUM, Science & Technology, business.industry, Human Genome, Brain Disorders, Minor allele frequency, CONSANGUINITY, Genes, DE-NOVO MUTATIONS, Case-Control Studies, RC0321, Schizophrenia, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Genetic associations involving both rare and common alleles have been reported for schizophrenia but there have been no systematic scans for rare recessive genotypes using fully phased trio data. Here, we use exome sequencing in 604 schizophrenia proband–parent trios to investigate the role of recessive (homozygous or compound heterozygous) nonsynonymous genotypes in the disorder. The burden of recessive genotypes was not significantly increased in probands at either a genome-wide level or in any individual gene after adjustment for multiple testing. At a system level, probands had an excess of nonsynonymous compound heterozygous genotypes (minor allele frequency, MAF ⩽1%) in voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs; eight in probands and none in parents, P=1.5 × 10−4). Previous findings of multiple de novo loss-of-function mutations in this gene family, particularly SCN2A, in autism and intellectual disability provide biological and genetic plausibility for this finding. Pointing further to the involvement of VGSCs in schizophrenia, we found that these genes were enriched for nonsynonymous mutations (MAF ⩽0.1%) in cases genotyped using an exome array, (5585 schizophrenia cases and 8103 controls), and that in the trios data, synaptic proteins interacting with VGSCs were also enriched for both compound heterozygosity (P=0.018) and de novo mutations (P=0.04). However, we were unable to replicate the specific association with compound heterozygosity at VGSCs in an independent sample of Taiwanese schizophrenia trios (N=614). We conclude that recessive genotypes do not appear to make a substantial contribution to schizophrenia at a genome-wide level. Although multiple lines of evidence, including several from this study, suggest that rare mutations in VGSCs contribute to the disorder, in the absence of replication of the original findings regarding compound heterozygosity, this conclusion requires evaluation in a larger sample of trios.
Published: 2015

42. De novo mutations identified by exome sequencing implicate rare missense variants in SLC6A1in schizophrenia

Author: Rees, Elliott, Han, Jun, Morgan, Joanne, Carrera, Noa, Escott-Price, Valentina, Pocklington, Andrew J., Duffield, Madeleine, Hall, Lynsey S., Legge, Sophie E., Pardiñas, Antonio F., Richards, Alexander L., Roth, Julian, Lezheiko, Tatyana, Kondratyev, Nikolay, Kaleda, Vasilii, Golimbet, Vera, Parellada, Mara, González-Peñas, Javier, Arango, Celso, Gawlik, Micha, Kirov, George, Walters, James T. R., Holmans, Peter, O’Donovan, Michael C., and Owen, Michael J.
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a highly polygenic disorder with important contributions from both common and rare risk alleles. We analyzed exome sequencing data for de novo variants (DNVs) in a new sample of 613 schizophrenia trios and combined this with published data to give a total of 3,444 trios. In this new data, loss-of-function (LoF) DNVs were significantly enriched among 3,471 LoF-intolerant genes, which supports previous findings. In the full dataset, genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (n= 159) were significantly enriched for LoF DNVs. Within these neurodevelopmental disorder genes, SLC6A1, which encodes a γ-aminobutyric acid transporter, was associated with missense-damaging DNVs. In 1,122 trios for which genome-wide common variant data were available, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder polygenic risk were significantly overtransmitted to probands. Probands carrying LoF or deletion DNVs in LoF-intolerant or neurodevelopmental disorder genes had significantly less overtransmission of schizophrenia polygenic risk than did non-carriers, which provides a second robust line of evidence that these DNVs increase liability to schizophrenia.
Published: 2020
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43. SA99 - TARGETED SEQUENCING OF 187 PUTATIVE SCHIZOPHRENIA RISK GENES IN 5,207 CASES AND 4,991 CONTROLS

Author: Rees, Elliott, Carrera, Noa, Morgan, Joanne, Pocklington, Andrew, Escott-Price, Valentina, Kirov, George, Holmans, Peter, Walters, James T.R., Owen, Michael, and O'Donovan, Michael
Published: 2019
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44. Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci

Author: Ripke, Stephan Neale, Benjamin M. Corvin, Aiden Walters, James T. R. Farh, Kai-How Holmans, Peter A. Lee, Phil and Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan Collier, David A. Huang, Hailiang and Pers, Tune H. Agartz, Ingrid Agerbo, Esben Albus, Margot and Alexander, Madeline Amin, Farooq Bacanu, Silviu A. Begemann, Martin Belliveau, Jr., Richard A. Bene, Judit Bergen, Sarah E. Bevilacqua, Elizabeth Bigdeli, Tim B. Black, Donald W. and Bruggeman, Richard Buccola, Nancy G. Buckner, Randy L. and Byerley, William Cahn, Wiepke Cai, Guiqing Campion, Dominique Cantor, Rita M. Carr, Vaughan J. Carrera, Noa and Catts, Stanley V. Chambert, Kimberly D. Chan, Raymond C. K. and Chen, Ronald Y. L. Chen, Eric Y. H. Cheng, Wei Cheung, Eric F. C. Chong, Siow Ann Cloninger, C. Robert Cohen, David and Cohen, Nadine Cormican, Paul Craddock, Nick Crowley, James J. Curtis, David Davidson, Michael Davis, Kenneth L. and Degenhardt, Franziska Del Favero, Jurgen Demontis, Ditte and Dikeos, Dimitris Dinan, Timothy Djurovic, Srdjan Donohoe, Gary Drapeau, Elodie Duan, Jubao Dudbridge, Frank and Durmishi, Naser Eichhammer, Peter Eriksson, Johan and Escott-Price, Valentina Essioux, Laurent Fanous, Ayman H. and Farrell, Martilias S. Frank, Josef Franke, Lude Freedman, Robert Freimer, Nelson B. Friedl, Marion Friedman, Joseph I. and Fromer, Menachem Genovese, Giulio Georgieva, Lyudmila and Giegling, Ina Giusti-Rodriguez, Paola Godard, Stephanie and Goldstein, Jacqueline I. Golimbet, Vera Gopal, Srihari and Gratten, Jacob de Haan, Lieuwe Hammer, Christian Hamshere, Marian L. Hansen, Mark Hansen, Thomas Haroutunian, Vahram and Hartmann, Annette M. Henskens, Frans A. Herms, Stefan and Hirschhorn, Joel N. Hoffmann, Per Hofman, Andrea Hollegaard, Mads V. Hougaard, David M. Ikeda, Masashi Joa, Inge and Julia, Antonio Kahn, Rene S. Kalaydjieva, Luba and Karachanak-Yankova, Sena Karjalainen, Juha Kavanagh, David and Keller, Matthew C. Kennedy, James L. Khrunin, Andrey Kim, Yunjung Klovins, Janis Knowles, James A. Konte, Bettina and Kucinskas, Vaidutis Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana Kahler, Anna K. Laurent, Claudine Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee and Lee, S. Hong Legge, Sophie E. Lerer, Bernard Li, Miaoxin and Li, Tao Liang, Kung-Yee Lieberman, Jeffrey Limborska, Svetlana Loughland, Carmel M. Lubinski, Jan Lonnqvist, Jouko and Macek, Jr., Milan Magnusson, Patrik K. E. Maher, Brion S. and Maier, Wolfgang Mallet, Jacques Marsal, Sara Mattheisen, Manuel Mattingsdal, Morten McCarley, Robert W. McDonald, Colm McIntosh, Andrew M. Meier, Sandra Meijer, Carin J. and Melegh, Bela Melle, Ingrid Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I. and Metspalu, Andres Michie, Patricia T. Milani, Lili Milanova, Vihra Mokrab, Younes Morris, Derek W. Mors, Ole Murphy, Kieran C. Murray, Robin M. Myin-Germeys, Inez and Mueller-Myhsok, Bertram Nelis, Mari Nenadic, Igor Nertney, Deborah A. Nestadt, Gerald Nicodemus, Kristin K. and Nikitina-Zake, Liene Nisenbaum, Laura Nordin, Annelie and O'Callaghan, Eadbhard O'Dushlaine, Colm O'Neill, F. Anthony and Oh, Sang-Yun Olincy, Ann Olsen, Line Van Os, Jim and Pantelis, Christos Papadimitriou, George N. Papiol, Sergi and Parkhomenko, Elena Pato, Michele T. Paunio, Tiina and Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica Perkins, Diana O. Pietilainen, Olli and Pimm, Jonathan Pocklington, Andrew J. Powell, John and Price, Alkes Pulver, Ann E. Purcell, Shaun M. Quested, Digby and Rasmussen, Henrik B. Reichenberg, Abraham Reimers, Mark A. and Richards, Alexander L. Roffman, Joshua L. Roussos, Panos and Ruderfer, Douglas M. Salomaa, Veikko Sanders, Alan R. and Schall, Ulrich Schubert, Christian R. Schulze, Thomas G. and Schwab, Sibylle G. Scolnick, Edward M. Scott, Rodney J. and Seidman, Larry J. Shi, Jianxin Sigurdsson, Engilbert and Silagadze, Teimuraz Silverman, Jeremy M. Sim, Kang and Slominsky, Petr Smoller, Jordan W. So, Hon-Cheong Spencer, Chris C. A. Stahl, Eli A. Stefansson, Hreinn Steinberg, Stacy Stogmann, Elisabeth Straub, Richard E. Strengman, Eric and Strohmaier, Jana Stroup, T. Scott Subramaniam, Mythily and Suvisaari, Jaana Svrakic, Dragan M. Szatkiewicz, Jin P. and Soderman, Erik Thirumalai, Srinivas Toncheva, Draga Tosato, Sarah Veijola, Juha Waddington, John Walsh, Dermot Wang, Dai Wang, Qiang Webb, Bradley T. Weiser, Mark and Wildenauer, Dieter B. Williams, Nigel M. Williams, Stephanie and Witt, Stephanie H. Wolen, Aaron R. Wong, Emily H. M. and Wormley, Brandon K. Xi, Hualin Simon Zai, Clement C. Zheng, Xuebin Zimprich, Fritz Wray, Naomi R. Stefansson, Kari and Visscher, Peter M. Adolfsson, Rolf Andreassen, Ole A. and Blackwood, Douglas H. R. Bramon, Elvira Buxbaum, Joseph D. and Borglum, Anders D. Cichon, Sven Darvasi, Ariel Domenici, Enrico Ehrenreich, Hannelore Esko, Tonu Gejman, Pablo V. and Gill, Michael Gurling, Hugh Hultman, Christina M. Iwata, Nakao Jablensky, Assen V. Jonsson, Erik G. Kendler, Kenneth S. Kirov, George Knight, Jo Lencz, Todd Levinson, Douglas F. Li, Qingqin S. Liu, Jianjun Malhotra, Anil K. and McCarroll, Steven A. McQuillin, Andrew Moran, Jennifer L. and Mortensen, Preben B. Mowry, Bryan J. Noethen, Markus M. and Ophoff, Roel A. Owen, Michael J. Palotie, Aarno Pato, Carlos N. Petryshen, Tracey L. Posthuma, Danielle Rietschel, Marcella Riley, Brien P. Rujescu, Dan Sham, Pak C. and Sklar, Pamela St Clair, David Weinberger, Daniel R. and Wendland, Jens R. Werge, Thomas Daly, Mark J. Sullivan, Patrick F. O'Donovan, Michael C. Psychiat Genomics Consortium and Psychosis Endophenotypes Int Conso Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consor
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genetic risk is conferred by a large number of alleles, including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome-wide association studies. Here we report a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study of up to 36,989 cases and 113,075 controls. We identify 128 independent associations spanning 108 conservatively defined loci that meet genome-wide significance, 83 of which have not been previously reported. Associations were enriched among genes expressed in brain, providing biological plausibility for the findings. Many findings have the potential to provide entirely new insights into aetiology, but associations at DRD2 and several genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission highlight molecules of known and potential therapeutic relevance to schizophrenia, and are consistent with leading pathophysiological hypotheses. Independent of genes expressed in brain, associations were enriched among genes expressed in tissues that have important roles in immunity, providing support for the speculated link between the immune system and schizophrenia.
Published: 2014

45. An efficient screening method for simultaneous detection of recurrent copy number variants associated with psychiatric disorders

Author: Rodriguez-Lopez, Julio, primary, Carrera, Noa, additional, Arrojo, Manuel, additional, Amigo, Jorge, additional, Sobrino, Beatriz, additional, Páramo, Mario, additional, Paz, Eduardo, additional, Agra, Santiago, additional, Ramos-Ríos, Ramón, additional, Brenlla, Julio, additional, Carracedo, Ángel, additional, and Costas, Javier, additional
Published: 2015
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46. Role of DISC1 Interacting Proteins in Schizophrenia Risk from Genome-Wide Analysis of Missense SNPs

Author: Costas, Javier, primary, Suárez-Rama, Jose Javier, additional, Carrera, Noa, additional, Paz, Eduardo, additional, Páramo, Mario, additional, Agra, Santiago, additional, Brenlla, Julio, additional, Ramos-Ríos, Ramón, additional, and Arrojo, Manuel, additional
Published: 2013
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47. Association Study of Nonsynonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Schizophrenia

Author: Carrera, Noa, primary, Arrojo, Manuel, additional, Sanjuán, Julio, additional, Ramos-Ríos, Ramón, additional, Paz, Eduardo, additional, Suárez-Rama, Jose J., additional, Páramo, Mario, additional, Agra, Santiago, additional, Brenlla, Julio, additional, Martínez, Silvia, additional, Rivero, Olga, additional, Collier, David A., additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Cichon, Sven, additional, Nöthen, Markus M., additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, Rujescu, Dan, additional, Stefansson, Hreinn, additional, Steinberg, Stacy, additional, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, additional, Clair, David St., additional, Tosato, Sarah, additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Stefansson, Kari, additional, González, Jose Carlos, additional, Valero, Joaquín, additional, Gutiérrez-Zotes, Alfonso, additional, Labad, Antonio, additional, Martorell, Lourdes, additional, Vilella, Elisabet, additional, Carracedo, Ángel, additional, and Costas, Javier, additional
Published: 2012
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48. Recent adaptive selection atMAOBand ancestral susceptibility to schizophrenia

Author: Carrera, Noa, primary, Sanjuán, Julio, additional, Moltó, María Dolores, additional, Carracedo, Ángel, additional, and Costas, Javier, additional
Published: 2009
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49. A common haplotype of DRD3 affected by recent positive selection is associated with protection from schizophrenia

Author: Costas, Javier, primary, Carrera, Noa, additional, Domínguez, Eduardo, additional, Vilella, Elisabet, additional, Martorell, Lourdes, additional, Valero, Joaquín, additional, Gutiérrez-Zotes, Alfonso, additional, Labad, Antonio, additional, and Carracedo, Ángel, additional
Published: 2008
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50. Genetic correlation between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and schizophrenia

Author: McLaughlin, Russell L., Schijven, Dick, van Rheenen, Wouter, van Eijk, Kristel R., O'Brien, Margaret, Kahn, René S., Ophoff, Roel A., Goris, An, Bradley, Daniel G., Al-Chalabi, Ammar, van den Berg, Leonard H., Luykx, Jurjen J., Hardiman, Orla, Veldink, Jan H., Shatunov, Aleksey, Dekker, Annelot M., Diekstra, Frank P., Pulit, Sara L., van der Spek, Rick A. A., van Doormaal, Perry T. C., Sproviero, William, Jones, Ashley R., Nicholson, Garth A., Rowe, Dominic B., Pamphlett, Roger, Kiernan, Matthew C., Bauer, Denis, Kahlke, Tim, Williams, Kelly, Eftimov, Filip, Fogh, Isabella, Ticozzi, Nicola, Lin, Kuang, Millecamps, Stéphanie, Salachas, François, Meininger, Vincent, de Carvalho, Mamede, Pinto, Susana, Mora, Jesus S., Rojas-García, Ricardo, Polak, Meraida, Chandran, Siddharthan, Colville, Shuna, Swingler, Robert, Morrison, Karen E., Shaw, Pamela J., Hardy, John, Orrell, Richard W., Pittman, Alan, Sidle, Katie, Fratta, Pietro, Malaspina, Andrea, Petri, Susanne, Abdulla, Susanna, Drepper, Carsten, Sendtner, Michael, Meyer, Thomas, Wiedau-Pazos, Martina, Lomen-Hoerth, Catherine, Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Trojanowski, John Q., Elman, Lauren, McCluskey, Leo, Basak, Nazli, Meitinger, Thomas, Lichtner, Peter, Blagojevic-Radivojkov, Milena, Andres, Christian R., Maurel, Cindy, Bensimon, Gilbert, Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard, Brice, Alexis, Payan, Christine A. M., Saker-Delye, Safa, Dürr, Alexandra, Wood, Nicholas, Tittmann, Lukas, Lieb, Wolfgang, Franke, Andre, Rietschel, Marcella, Cichon, Sven, Nöuthen, Markus M., Amouyel, Philippe, Tzourio, Christophe, Dartigues, Jean- François, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Estrada, Karol, Hofman, Albert, Curtis, Charles, van der Kooi, Anneke J., de Visser, Marianne, Weber, Markus, Shaw, Christopher E., Smith, Bradley N., Pansarasa, Orietta, Cereda, Cristina, Del Bo, Roberto, Comi, Giacomo P., D'Alfonso, Sandra, Bertolin, Cinzia, Sorarù, Gianni, Mazzini, Letizia, Pensato, Viviana, Gellera, Cinzia, Tiloca, Cinzia, Ratti, Antonia, Calvo, Andrea, Moglia, Cristina, Brunetti, Maura, Arcuti, Simon, Capozzo, Rosa, Zecca, Chiara, Lunetta, Christian, Penco, Silvana, Riva, Nilo, Padovani, Alessandro, Filosto, Massimiliano, Blair, Ian, Leigh, P Nigel, Casale, Federico, Chio, Adriano, Beghi, Ettore, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Tortelli, Rosanna, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Powell, John, Ludolph, Albert C., Weishaupt, Jochen H., Robberecht, Wim, Van Damme, Philip, Brown, Robert H., Glass, Jonathan, Landers, John E., Andersen, Peter M., Corcia, Philippe, Vourc'h, Patrick, Silani, Vincenzo, van Es, Michael A., Pasterkamp, R Jeroen, Lewis, Cathryn M., Breen, Gerome, Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M., Corvin, Aiden, Walters, James T. R., Farh, Kai-How, Holmans, Peter A, Lee, Phil, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A., Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H., Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A., Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A., Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E., Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B., Black, Donald W., Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G., Buckner, Randy L., Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M., Carr, Vaughan J., Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V., Chambert, Kimberley D., Chan, Raymond C. K., Chan, Ronald Y. L., Chen, Eric Y. H., Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric F. C., Chong, Siow Ann, Cloninger, C Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crowley, James J., Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L., Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Favero, Jurgen, Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Durmishi, Naser, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H., Farrell, Martilias S., Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freimer, Nelson B., Friedl, Marion, Friedman, Joseph I., Fromer, Menachem, Genovese, Giulio, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Giegling, Ina, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., Golimbet, Vera, Gopal, Srihari, Gratten, Jacob, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hammer, Christian, Hamshere, Marian L., Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hartmann, Annette M., Henskens, Frans A., Herms, Stefan, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Hollegaard, Mads V., Hougaard, David M., Ikeda, Masashi, Joa, Inge, Julià, Antonio, Kalaydjieva, Luba, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Karjalainen, Juha, Kavanagh, David, Keller, Matthew C., Kennedy, James L., Khrunin, Andrey, Kim, Yunjung, Klovins, Janis, Knowles, James A., Konte, Bettina, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, Kähler, Anna K., Laurent, Claudine, Lee, Jimmy, Lee, S Hong, Legge, Sophie E., Lerer, Bernard, Li, Miaoxin, Li, Tao, Liang, Kung-Yee, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel M., Lubinski, Jan, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Macek, Milan, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Maher, Brion S., Maier, Wolfgang, Mallet, Jacques, Marsal, Sara, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mattingsdal, Morten, McCarley, Robert W., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., Meier, Sandra, Meijer, Carin J., Melegh, Bela, Melle, Ingrid, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., Metspalu, Andres, Michie, Patricia T., Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Morris, Derek W., Mors, Ole, Murphy, Kieran C., Murray, Robin M., Myin-Germeys, Inez, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nelis, Mari, Nenadic, Igor, Nertney, Deborah A., Nestadt, Gerald, Nicodemus, Kristin K., Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, O'Dushlaine, Colm, O'Neill, F Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Olincy, Ann, Olsen, Line, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Papadimitriou, George N., Papiol, Sergi, Parkhomenko, Elena, Pato, Michele T., Paunio, Tiina, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Perkins, Diana O., Pietiläinen, Olli, Pimm, Jonathan, Pocklington, Andrew J., Price, Alkes, Pulver, Ann E., Purcell, Shaun M., Quested, Digby, Rasmussen, Henrik B., Reichenberg, Abraham, Reimers, Mark A., Richards, Alexander L., Roffman, Joshua L., Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M., Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schubert, Christian R., Schulze, Thomas G., Schwab, Sibylle G., Scolnick, Edward M., Scott, Rodney J., Seidman, Larry J., Shi, Jianxin, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Silverman, Jeremy M., Sim, Kang, Slominsky, Petr, Smoller, Jordan W., So, Hon-Cheong, Spencer, Chris C. A., Stahl, Eli A., Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Stogmann, Elisabeth, Straub, Richard E., Strengman, Eric, Strohmaier, Jana, Stroup, T Scott, Subramaniam, Mythily, Suvisaari, Jaana, Svrakic, Dragan M., Szatkiewicz, Jin P., Söderman, Erik, Thirumalai, Srinivas, Toncheva, Draga, Tosato, Sarah, Veijola, Juha, Waddington, John, Walsh, Dermot, Wang, Dai, Wang, Qiang, Webb, Bradley T., Weiser, Mark, Wildenauer, Dieter B., Williams, Nigel M., Williams, Stephanie, Witt, Stephanie H., Wolen, Aaron R., Wong, Emily H. M., Wormley, Brandon K., Xi, Hualin Simon, Zai, Clement C., Zheng, Xuebin, Zimprich, Fritz, Wray, Naomi R., Stefansson, Kari, Visscher, Peter M., Adolfsson, Rolf, Andreassen, Ole A., Blackwood, Douglas H. R., Bramon, Elvira, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Børglum, Anders D., Darvasi, Ariel, Domenici, Enrico, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Esko, Tõnu, Gejman, Pablo V., Gill, Michael, Gurling, Hugh, Hultman, Christina M., Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V., Jönsson, Erik G., Kendler, Kenneth S., Kirov, George, Knight, Jo, Lencz, Todd, Levinson, Douglas F., Li, Qingqin S., Liu, Jianjun, Malhotra, Anil K., McCarroll, Steven A., McQuillin, Andrew, Moran, Jennifer L., Mortensen, Preben B., Mowry, Bryan J., Owen, Michael J., Palotie, Aarno, Pato, Carlos N., Petryshen, Tracey L., Posthuma, Danielle, Riley, Brien P., Rujescu, Dan, Sham, Pak C., Sklar, Pamela, St Clair, David, Weinberger, Daniel R., Wendland, Jens R., Werge, Thomas, Daly, Mark J., Sullivan, Patrick F., and O'Donovan, Michael C.
Abstract: We have previously shown higher-than-expected rates of schizophrenia in relatives of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting an aetiological relationship between the diseases. Here, we investigate the genetic relationship between ALS and schizophrenia using genome-wide association study data from over 100,000 unique individuals. Using linkage disequilibrium score regression, we estimate the genetic correlation between ALS and schizophrenia to be 14.3% (7.05–21.6; P=1 × 10−4) with schizophrenia polygenic risk scores explaining up to 0.12% of the variance in ALS (P=8.4 × 10−7). A modest increase in comorbidity of ALS and schizophrenia is expected given these findings (odds ratio 1.08–1.26) but this would require very large studies to observe epidemiologically. We identify five potential novel ALS-associated loci using conditional false discovery rate analysis. It is likely that shared neurobiological mechanisms between these two disorders will engender novel hypotheses in future preclinical and clinical studies.
Published: 2017
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