778 results on '"Carrico, Adam W."'
Search Results
2. Structural Determinants of Health and Markers of Immune Activation and Systemic Inflammation in Sexual Minority Men With and Without HIV
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Ghanooni, Delaram, Flentje, Annesa, Hirshfield, Sabina, Horvath, Keith J., Moreno, Patricia I., Harkness, Audrey, Ross, Emily J., Dilworth, Samantha E., Pahwa, Savita, Pallikkuth, Suresh, and Carrico, Adam W.
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- 2024
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3. PrEP Uptake and Methamphetamine Use Patterns in a 4-Year U.S. National Prospective Cohort Study of Sexual and Gender Minority People, 2017–2022
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Guo, Yan, Westmoreland, Drew A., D’Angelo, Alexa B., Mirzayi, Chloe, Dearolf, Michelle, Ray, Meredith, Carneiro, Pedro B., Pantalone, David W., Carrico, Adam W., Patel, Viraj V., Golub, Sarit A., Hirshfield, Sabina, Hoover, Donald R., Nash, Denis, and Grov, Christian
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- 2024
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4. Narratives of Disconnection: A Life Course Perspective of Methamphetamine Use Among Sexual Minority Men Living with HIV
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Gómez, Walter, Organista, Kurt C., Sacks, Tina K., Holmes, Seth M., and Carrico, Adam W.
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- 2024
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5. Loneliness, Methamphetamine Use, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Sexual Minority Men in the COVID-19 Era
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Ross, Emily J., Jimenez, Daniel E., Ghanooni, Delaram, Mendez, Armando, Hirshfield, Sabina, Horvath, Keith J., DeVries, Britt, Dilworth, Samantha E., Carrico, Adam W., and Martinez, Claudia A.
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- 2024
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6. In the Interest of Time: Assessing the Role of Resilience Across an Intergenerational Sample of People Living with HIV
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Gómez, Walter, Schustack, Amy, Carrico, Adam W., Ramirez-Forcier, Joseph, and Batchelder, Abigail
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- 2024
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7. Substance Use Treatment Utilization Among Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Fujita, Ayako W, Ramakrishnan, Aditi, Mehta, C Christina, Yusuf, Oyindamola B, Wilson, Tracey, Shoptaw, Steven, Carrico, Adam W, Adimora, Adaora A, Eaton, Ellen, Cohen, Mardge H, Cohen, Jennifer, Adedimeji, Adebola, Plankey, Michael, Jones, Deborah, Chandran, Aruna, Colasanti, Jonathan A, and Sheth, Anandi N
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,HIV/AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,Prevention ,Substance Misuse ,Clinical Research ,Health Services ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Good Health and Well Being ,HIV ,addiction ,substance use ,women ,Clinical sciences ,Medical microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundSubstance use (SU) contributes to poor health outcomes, yet limited data exist to inform strategies to optimize SU treatment among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We describe SU and SU treatment utilization among women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).MethodsWe included data from women enrolled in WIHS from 2013 to 2020. Current SU was self-reported, nonmedical use of drugs in the past year, excluding use of only marijuana. SU treatment utilization was self-reported use of a drug treatment program in the past year. Multivariable regression models were used to investigate associations between participant characteristics and SU treatment.ResultsAmong 2559 women (1802 women living with HIV [WWH], 757 women without HIV), 14% reported current SU. Among those with current SU (n = 367), 71% reported crack/cocaine followed by 40% reporting opioids, and 42% reported any treatment in the past year. The most common treatments were methadone (64%), Narcotics Anonymous (29%), inpatient programs (28%), and outpatient programs (16%). Among women using opioids (n = 147), 67% reported methadone use in the past year compared to 5% using buprenorphine/naloxone. Multivariable analysis showed lower odds of treatment utilization among WWH with concurrent alcohol or marijuana use. Visiting a psychiatrist/counselor was associated with higher odds of treatment. Among WWH, SU treatment was not associated with HIV-related clinical outcomes.ConclusionsTreatment utilization was high, especially for methadone use. Our results highlight opportunities for accessing SU treatment for WWH, such as the need to prioritize buprenorphine and comprehensive, wraparound services in HIV care settings.
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- 2023
8. Correction: PrEP Uptake and Methamphetamine Use Patterns in a 4-Year U.S. National Prospective Cohort Study of Sexual and Gender Minority People, 2017–2022
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Guo, Yan, Westmoreland, Drew A., D’Angelo, Alexa B., Mirzayi, Chloe, Dearolf, Michelle, Ray, Meredith, Carneiro, Pedro B., Pantalone, David W., Carrico, Adam W., Patel, Viraj V., Golub, Sarit A., Hirshfield, Sabina, Hoover, Donald R., Nash, Denis, and Grov, Christian
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- 2024
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9. Overamped: Stimulant Use and HIV Pathogenesis
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Ross, Emily J., Williams, Renessa S., Viamonte, Michael, Reynolds, John M., Duncan, Dustin T., Paul, Robert H., and Carrico, Adam W.
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- 2023
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10. Factors associated with PrEP‐era HIV seroconversion in a 4‐year U.S. national cohort of n = 6059 sexual and gender minority individuals who have sex with men, 2017−2022
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Grov, Christian, Guo, Yan, Westmoreland, Drew A., D' Angelo, Alexa B., Mirzayi, Chloe, Dearolf, Michelle, Carneiro, Pedro, Ray, Meredith, Pantalone, David, Carrico, Adam W., Patel, Viraj V., Golub, Sarit A., Hirshfield, Sabina, Hoover, Donald R., and Nash, Denis
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HIV (Viruses) -- Prevention -- Risk factors ,Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,HIV testing ,Education, Higher ,HIV seropositivity -- Prevention -- Risk factors ,Sexually transmitted diseases -- Prevention ,Methamphetamine ,Health - Abstract
: Introduction: Community‐based cohort studies of HIV seroconversion can identify important avenues for enhancing HIV prevention efforts in the era of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Within individuals, one can assess exposure and outcome variables repeatedly and with increased certainty regarding temporal ordering. This cohort study examined the association of several risk factors with subsequent HIV seroconversion. Methods: We report data from a 4‐year study (2017−2022) of 6059 HIV seronegative sexual and gender minority individuals who have sex with men who had indications for‐, but were not using‐, PrEP at enrolment. Participants completed repeat exposure assessments and self‐collection of biospecimens for HIV testing. We examined the roles of race and ethnicity, socio‐economic status, methamphetamine use and PrEP uptake over the course of follow‐up in relation to HIV seroconversion. Results: Over 4 years, 303 of the participants seroconverted across 18,421 person‐years (incidence rate = 1.64 [95% CI: 1.59−1.70] per 100 person‐years). In multivariable discrete‐time survival analysis, factors independently associated with elevated HIV seroconversion risk included being Black/African American (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]: 2.44, 1.79−3.28), Hispanic/Latinx (1.53, 1.19−1.96), housing instability (1.58, 1.22−2.05) and past year methamphetamine use (3.82, 2.74−5.33). Conversely, time since study enrolment (24 vs. 12 months, 0.67, 0.51−0.87; 36 months, 0.60, 0.45−0.80; 48 months, 0.48, 0.35−0.66) and higher education (master's degree or higher vs. less than or equal to high school, 0.36, 0.17−0.66) were associated with reduced seroconversion risk. Compared to non‐PrEP users in the past 2 years without a current clinical indication, those who started PrEP but then discontinued had higher seroconversion risk, irrespective of clinical indication (3.23, 1.74−6.46) or lack thereof (4.30, 1.85−9.88). However, those who initiated PrEP in the past year (0.14, 0.04−0.39) or persistently used PrEP in the past 2 years (0.33, 0.14−0.74) had a lower risk of seroconversion. Of all HIV seroconversions observed during follow‐up assessments (12, 24, 36 and 48 months), methamphetamine was reported in the 12 months prior 128 (42.2%) times (overall). Conclusions: Interventions that acknowledge race and ethnicity, economic variables such as education and housing instability, and methamphetamine use are critically needed. Not only are interventions to engage individuals in PrEP care needed, but those that retain them, and re‐engage those who may fall out of care are essential, given the exceptionally high risk of seroconversion in these groups., INTRODUCTION Sexual minority individuals represent 2−5% of the United States, yet account for more than two‐thirds of new HIV acquisitions [1−4]. Meanwhile, gender minority individuals (transgender [trans] men and trans [...]
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- 2024
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11. A positive affect intervention alters leukocyte DNA methylation in sexual minority men with HIV who use methamphetamine
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Carrico, Adam W., Cherenack, Emily M., Flentje, Annesa, Moskowitz, Judith T., Asam, Kesava, Ghanooni, Delaram, Chavez, Jennifer V., Neilands, Torsten B., Dilworth, Samantha E., Rubin, Leah H., Gouse, Hetta, Fuchs, Dietmar, Paul, Robert H., and Aouizerat, Bradley E.
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- 2024
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12. AWARENESS: A cognitive behavioral intervention to reduce intersectional minority stress among sexual minority men living with HIV who use substances
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Flentje, Annesa, Sunder, Gowri, Dilley, James W, Neilands, Torsten B, Lisha, Nadra E, Katuzny, Katie E, and Carrico, Adam W
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Clinical and Health Psychology ,Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Infectious Diseases ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Clinical Research ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*) ,Mental Health ,Substance Misuse ,Prevention ,Health Disparities ,Social Determinants of Health ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Minority Health ,HIV/AIDS ,Mental health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Substance use ,Minority stress ,HIV ,LGBT ,Sexual minority - Abstract
IntroductionThe minority stress model is the primary explanatory model for disparities in substance use and other mental health problems among sexual minority men (SMM) compared to heterosexual men. This pilot randomized controlled trial tested the feasibility of AWARENESS, a novel 9-session cognitive-behavioral psychotherapeutic intervention that targets intersectional minority stress and stigma, among sexual minority men living with HIV who use substances.MethodsFeasibility was determined by the number of participants screened to obtain the target sample size, the percentage of eligible participants randomized, percentage of study intervention and assessment visits attended, time to complete study procedures, and percentage of data completeness of intervention assessments. Forty-two sexual minority men living with HIV with any illicit substance use or who reported at least one occasion of consuming five or more drinks in one setting in the last three months were randomized to AWARENESS (n = 22) or an attention control condition (n = 20).ResultsFeasibility of the trial was supported, with adequate completion of study procedures and visits (73% completed all intervention sessions, 71% completed all study assessment sessions). This trial also demonstrated the feasibility of using AWARENESS skills and strategies in relation to multiple intersecting identities, with participants discussing an average of 5.7 identities (e.g., sexual orientation) or individual characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic status) in relation to intervention content.ConclusionOur results support the feasibility of an AWARENESS trial to reduce intersectional minority stress related to multiple identities and characteristics among sexual minority men living with HIV who use substances.
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- 2022
13. “The familiar taste of poison”: a qualitative study of multi-level motivations for stimulant use in sexual minority men living in South Florida
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Davis-Ewart, Leah, Lee, Ji-Young, Viamonte, Michael, Colon-Burgos, Josè, Harkness, Audrey, Kanamori, Mariano, Duncan, Dustin T., Doblecki-Lewis, Susanne, Carrico, Adam W., and Grov, Christian
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- 2023
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14. Longitudinal Associations of Syndemic Conditions with Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and HIV Viral Suppression Among HIV-Infected Patients in Primary Care
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Satyanarayana, Satyanand, Rogers, Brooke G, Bainter, Sierra A, Christopoulos, Katerina A, Fredericksen, Rob J, Mathews, William C, Moore, Richard D, Mugavero, Michael J, Napravnik, Sonia, Carrico, Adam W, Mimiaga, Matthew J, Mayer, Kenneth H, Crane, Heidi M, and Safren, Steven A
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Disparities ,Infectious Diseases ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Mental Health ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Substance Misuse ,Clinical Research ,Health Services ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Prevention ,HIV/AIDS ,Management of diseases and conditions ,7.1 Individual care needs ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,Continuity of Patient Care ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Medication Adherence ,Syndemic ,Viral Load ,HIV ,syndemic conditions ,treatment as prevention ,patient-reported outcomes ,adherence ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology ,Clinical sciences ,Public health - Abstract
Psychosocial syndemic conditions have received more attention regarding their deleterious effects on HIV acquisition risk than for their potential impact on HIV treatment and viral suppression. To examine syndemic conditions' impact on the HIV care continuum, we analyzed data collected from people living with HIV (N = 14,261) receiving care through The Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems at seven sites from 2007 to 2017 who provided patient-reported outcomes ∼4-6 months apart. Syndemic condition count (depression, anxiety, substance use, and hazardous drinking), sexual risk group, and time in care were modeled to predict antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and viral suppression (HIV RNA
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- 2021
15. Stimulant use, HIV, and immune dysregulation among sexual minority men
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Cherenack, Emily M., Chavez, Jennifer V., Martinez, Claudia, Hirshfield, Sabina, Balise, Raymond, Horvath, Keith J., Viamonte, Michael, Jimenez, Daniel E., Paul, Robert, Dilworth, Samantha E., DeVries, Britt, Pallikkuth, Suresh, Stevenson, Mario, Alvarado, Thaissa Cordeiro, Pahwa, Savita, and Carrico, Adam W.
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- 2023
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16. Internalizing Symptoms and Externalizing Behaviors in Latinx Adolescents with Same Sex Behaviors in Miami
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Ocasio, Manuel A., Tapia, Gregory R., Lozano, Alyssa, Carrico, Adam W., and Prado, Guillermo
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Sexual minorities report poorer mental health relative to heterosexual counterparts, but this is underexplored in Latinx youth. This study compares internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors in Latinx adolescents with Same Sex Behaviors (LASSB) to their Latinx adolescent peers who did not report same sex behaviors (non-LASSB). It also explores the moderating role of biculturalism on the relationship between internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors, and same-sex behaviors. Individual-level baseline data (Total N = 1,634; LASSB n = 195) from five trials of a preventive intervention for Latinx adolescents were synthesized. Normal and clinical levels of internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors were determined, and logistic regression models were conducted to determine the odds of LASSB reporting these behaviors relative to non-LASSB. Additional adjusted models tested for the moderating effect of biculturalism. LASSB reported significantly higher odds of normal levels of all externalizing behaviors and clinical levels of anxious/depressed compared to non-LASSB. Biculturalism significantly moderated the association between same-sex behavior and clinical levels of internalizing behaviors; however, in subgroup analyses among LASSB, biculturalism did not significantly predict any of these behaviors. Latinx adolescents exhibited mental health disparities by same-sex behavior. Biculturalism may be an important indicator for describing these disparities in LASSB and should be further explored.
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- 2022
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17. Estimating HIV transmissions in a large U.S. clinic‐based sample: effects of time and syndemic conditions
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Satyanarayana, Satyanand, Safren, Steven A, Rogers, Brooke G, Bainter, Sierra A, Christopoulos, Katerina A, Fredericksen, Rob J, Mathews, William C, Moore, Richard D, Mugavero, Michael J, Napravnik, Sonia, Carrico, Adam W, Mimiaga, Matthew J, Mayer, Kenneth H, and Crane, Heidi M
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Substance Misuse ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*) ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Health Disparities ,HIV/AIDS ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Women's Health ,Prevention ,Mental Health ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,Highly Active ,Cohort Studies ,Continuity of Patient Care ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Male ,Patient Reported Outcome Measures ,Sexual Behavior ,Syndemic ,Time Factors ,Treatment Outcome ,United States ,Viral Load ,Cohort studies ,HIV prevention ,HIV care continuum ,viral suppression ,treatment ,North America ,Public Health and Health Services ,Other Medical and Health Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Epidemiology ,Public health - Abstract
IntroductionLittle is known about onward HIV transmissions from people living with HIV (PLWH) in care. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased in potency, and treatment as prevention (TasP) is an important component of ending the epidemic. Syndemic theory has informed modelling of HIV risk but has yet to inform modelling of HIV transmissions.MethodsData were from 61,198 primary HIV care visits for 14,261 PLWH receiving care through the Centers for AIDS Research (CFAR) Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) at seven United States (U.S.) sites from 2007 to 2017. Patient-reported outcomes and measures (PROs) of syndemic conditions - depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, drug use (opiates, amphetamines, crack/cocaine) and alcohol use - were collected approximately four to six months apart along with sexual behaviours (mean = 4.3 observations). Counts of syndemic conditions, HIV sexual risk group and time in care were modelled to predict estimated HIV transmissions resulting from sexual behaviour and viral suppression status (HIV RNA
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- 2021
18. Protocol for a randomized controlled trial in Cambodian individuals with PTSD: Trauma-Informed Treatment Algorithms for Advancing Novel Outcomes (Project TITAN)
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Mannarino, Julie A., Carrico, Adam W., Ean, Nil, Bruce, Steven, Vandermause, Roxanne, Kryah, Rachel, Stein, Ellen, Bertram, Julie, Shom, Vireak, and Paul, Robert H.
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- 2023
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19. Syndemic Psychosocial Health Conditions Associated with Recent Client-Perpetrated Violence Against Female Entertainment and Sex Workers in Cambodia
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Couture, Marie-Claude, Evans, Jennifer L, Draughon Moret, Jessica, Stein, Ellen S, Muth, Sokunny, Phou, Maly, Len, Aynar, Ngak, Song, Sophal, Chhit, Neak, Yuthea, Carrico, Adam W, Maher, Lisa, and Page, Kimberly
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Psychology ,Criminology ,Human Society ,HIV/AIDS ,Violence Against Women ,Mental Health ,Substance Misuse ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Violence Research ,Aetiology ,2.3 Psychological ,social and economic factors ,Mental health ,Peace ,Justice and Strong Institutions ,Gender Equality ,Zero Hunger ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Cambodia ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,Humans ,Sex Offenses ,Sex Workers ,Syndemic ,Young Adult ,Sex workers ,Client-perpetrated violence ,Psychosocial health conditions ,HIV risk ,Public Health and Health Services ,Other Studies in Human Society ,Clinical Psychology ,Gender studies ,Clinical and health psychology ,Social and personality psychology - Abstract
Female entertainment and sex workers (FESW) are vulnerable to violence, which impedes safer sex behaviors and increases risk of HIV. FESW are also disproportionately affected by co-occurring psychosocial health conditions, including substance use, depression, and economic insecurity, which increased risk of exposure to violence. We used a syndemic framework to examine the effects of co-occurring psychosocial conditions on the risk of client-perpetrated physical and sexual violence against FESW. Data were collected among 1198 Cambodian FESW on recent client-perpetrated physical and sexual violence, and psychosocial conditions (psychological distress, alcohol consumption, amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use, debts, housing, and food insecurity). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted. Prevalence of physical and sexual violence from clients was 4.8% and 6.9%, respectively. Client-perpetrated physical violence was associated with housing insecurity, ATS use, and psychological distress. All psychosocial conditions, except ATS, were associated with exposure to sexual violence. In multivariable models, odds of client-perpetrated physical violence were twice higher among women with ≥ 4 compared to ≤ 3 psychosocial conditions. Risk of sexual violence increased with the number of psychosocial conditions. Compared to those with ≤ 1 condition, FESW with two psychosocial conditions had twice the odds (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI 1.00-4.31) and women with 5-6 psychosocial conditions had eightfold higher odds (AOR = 8.10; 95% CI 3.4-19.31) of sexual violence from clients. Our findings support a syndemic model of co-occurring psychosocial conditions among FESW that are associated with increased risk of violence. Violence prevention interventions targeting FESW should adopt comprehensive approaches that address co-occurring psychosocial conditions.
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- 2020
20. Cognitive Phenotypes of HIV Defined Using a Novel Data-driven Approach
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Paul, Robert H., Cho, Kyu, Belden, Andrew, Carrico, Adam W., Martin, Eileen, Bolzenius, Jacob, Luckett, Patrick, Cooley, Sarah A., Mannarino, Julie, Gilman, Jodi M., Miano, Mariah, and Ances, Beau M.
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- 2022
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21. Who’s that SMARTgirl? Reaching Cambodian Female Entertainment and Sex Workers with HIV Prevention Services
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Lee, Ji-Young, Page, Kimberly, Stein, Ellen, Evans, Jennifer L, Sokunny, Muth, Maly, Phou, Sophal, Chhit, Ngak, Song, Maher, Lisa, and Carrico, Adam W
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,HIV/AIDS ,Substance Misuse ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Amphetamine-Related Disorders ,Asian People ,Cambodia ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Logistic Models ,Male ,Patient Compliance ,Sex Workers ,Sexual Partners ,Treatment Outcome ,Vulnerable Populations ,Amphetamine-type stimulants ,HIV prevention ,Sex work ,Public Health and Health Services ,Social Work ,Public health - Abstract
Engagement in prevention services is crucial to reducing HIV risk among female entertainment and sex workers (FESW), and SMARTgirl is the national social marketing HIV prevention program for Cambodian women engaged in sex and entertainment work. Informed by the Behavioral Model of Vulnerable Populations, three multivariate logistic regression analyses examined correlates of three indices of engagement along the SMARTgirl HIV prevention continuum: (1) receipt of outreach services (past 3 months); (2) being registered as a SMARTgirl member; and (3) SMARTgirl club attendance (past year). Among the 1077 FESW enrolled in nine Cambodian provinces, women working in a brothel or freelance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.48; 95% CI 1.44-4.26) and those exchanging sex for drugs during the past 3 months (aOR 0.45; 95% CI 0.25-0.81) had significantly lower odds of contact with a SMARTgirl outreach worker. Women who reported having more than ten sexual partners in the past 3 months (aOR 0.54; 95% CI 0.32-0.89) and those who reported binge alcohol use (aOR 0.53; 95% CI 0.29-0.98) had significantly lower odds of being registered as SMARTgirl members. Exchanging sex for drugs was also associated with increased odds of attending a SMARTgirl club (aOR 2.03; 95% CI 1.04-3.98). Novel methods to deliver HIV prevention services are warranted to more effectively reach FESW who exchange sex for drugs, engage in binge alcohol use, report a greater number of sexual partners, and those not working in established work venues.
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- 2020
22. Sources of Resilience as Mediators of the Effect of Minority Stress on Stimulant Use and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Young Black Men who have Sex with Men
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Storholm, Erik D, Huang, Wenjing, Siconolfi, Daniel E, Pollack, Lance M, Carrico, Adam W, Vincent, Wilson, Rebchook, Gregory M, Huebner, David M, Wagner, Glenn J, and Kegeles, Susan M
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Pediatric AIDS ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Pediatric ,Mental Health ,Clinical Research ,Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*) ,Infectious Diseases ,Prevention ,Mind and Body ,Substance Misuse ,HIV/AIDS ,2.3 Psychological ,social and economic factors ,Aetiology ,Infection ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Black or African American ,Central Nervous System Stimulants ,HIV Infections ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Humans ,Male ,Minority Groups ,Prejudice ,Resilience ,Psychological ,Risk-Taking ,Sexual Behavior ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Social Stigma ,Stress ,Psychological ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Texas ,Young Adult ,Stimulant use ,Resilience ,Minority stress ,Sexual risk ,YBMSM ,Public Health and Health Services ,Social Work ,Public health - Abstract
The greatest proportion of new HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) is occurring among young Black MSM (YBMSM) ages 13-24. Consequently, research is needed to understand the psychosocial pathways that influence HIV risk and resilience in YBMSM. Minority Stress Theory proposes that the stigma, prejudice, and discrimination facing sexual and racial minorities are chronic stressors that lead to increased engagement in risk behaviors. The present study examined whether minority stress is associated with stimulant use and sexual risk behaviors by depleting psychosocial resilience. We recruited 1817 YBMSM, ages 18-29, from multiple venues in two major cities in Texas for participation in a brief survey. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that decreased resilience partially mediated the association of minority stress with sexual risk behavior. Resilience was also negatively associated with stimulant use. Interventions focused on cultivating psychosocial resilience could mitigate the deleterious consequences of minority stress and reduce stimulant use in YBMSM.
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- 2019
23. Randomized controlled trial of a positive affect intervention to reduce HIV viral load among sexual minority men who use methamphetamine
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Carrico, Adam W, Neilands, Torsten B, Dilworth, Samantha E, Evans, Jennifer L, Gόmez, Walter, Jain, Jennifer P, Gandhi, Monica, Shoptaw, Steven, Horvath, Keith J, Coffin, Lara, Discepola, Michael V, Andrews, Rick, Woods, William J, Feaster, Daniel J, and Moskowitz, Judith T
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*) ,Prevention ,Comparative Effectiveness Research ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Substance Misuse ,Clinical Research ,Methamphetamine ,7.1 Individual care needs ,Management of diseases and conditions ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Amphetamine-Related Disorders ,Behavior Therapy ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Serologic Tests ,Viral Load ,contingency management ,HIV ,men who have sex with men ,methamphetamine ,mindfulness ,positive affect ,Public Health and Health Services ,Other Medical and Health Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Epidemiology ,Public health - Abstract
IntroductionIn the era of HIV treatment as prevention (TasP), evidence-based interventions that optimize viral suppression among people who use stimulants such as methamphetamine are needed to improve health outcomes and reduce onward transmission risk. We tested the efficacy of positive affect intervention delivered during community-based contingency management (CM) for reducing viral load in sexual minority men living with HIV who use methamphetamine.MethodsConducted in San Francisco, this Phase II randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of a positive affect intervention for boosting and extending the effectiveness of community-based CM for stimulant abstinence to achieve more durable reductions in HIV viral load. From 2013 to 2017, 110 sexual minority men living with HIV who had biologically confirmed, recent methamphetamine use were randomized to receive a positive affect intervention (n = 55) or attention-control condition (n = 55). All individual positive affect intervention and attention-control sessions were delivered during three months of community-based CM where participants received financial incentives for stimulant abstinence. The 5-session positive affect intervention was designed to provide skills for managing stimulant withdrawal symptoms as well as sensitize individuals to natural sources of reward. The attention-control condition consisted of neutral writing exercises and self-report measures.ResultsMen randomized to the positive affect intervention displayed significantly lower log10 HIV viral load at six, twelve and fifteen months compared to those in the attention-control condition. Men in the positive affect intervention also had significantly lower risk of at least one unsuppressed HIV RNA (≥200 copies/mL) over the 15-month follow-up. There were concurrent, statistically significant intervention-related increases in positive affect as well as decreases in the self-reported frequency of stimulant use at six and twelve months.ConclusionsDelivering a positive affect intervention during community-based CM with sexual minority men who use methamphetamine achieved durable and clinically meaningful reductions in HIV viral load that were paralleled by increases in positive affect and decreases in stimulant use. Further clinical research is needed to determine the effectiveness of integrative, behavioural interventions for optimizing the clinical and public health benefits of TasP in sexual minority men who use stimulants such as methamphetamine.
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- 2019
24. Drug use typology, demographic covariates, and associations with condomless anal sex: A latent class analysis among a U.S. national cohort of men who have sex with men
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Goldshear, Jesse L., Westmoreland, Drew A, Carrico, Adam W., and Grov, Christian
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- 2023
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25. Running with Scissors: a Systematic Review of Substance Use and the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Care Continuum Among Sexual Minority Men
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Viamonte, Michael, Ghanooni, Delaram, Reynolds, John M., Grov, Christian, and Carrico, Adam W.
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- 2022
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26. Daily Marijuana Use Predicts HIV Seroconversion Among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Atlanta, GA
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Knox, Justin, Hwang, Grace, Carrico, Adam W., Duncan, Dustin T., Watson, Ryan J., and Eaton, Lisa A.
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- 2022
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27. Responding to the global epidemic of amphetamine-type stimulant use compromising biomedical HIV prevention among men who have sex with men
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Carrico, Adam W, primary, Ewart, Leah Davis, additional, Davidovich, Udi, additional, Maher, Lisa, additional, Jonas, Kai J, additional, Horvath, Keith J, additional, Hirshfield, Sabina, additional, Guadamuz, Thomas E, additional, Carney, Tara, additional, and Grov, Christian, additional
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- 2024
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28. I was like sh*t this is gonna hurt’: Implementing Self-Sampling of Dried Blood Spots to Measure HIV Viral Load
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Chavez, Jennifer V., primary, Ewart, Leah Davis, additional, Ilyas, Ozair, additional, Ghanooni, Delaram, additional, Diaz, José E., additional, Atkins, Lindsay, additional, Ramos, Richard, additional, Garayua, Adriana Hernandez, additional, Stewart, Alex, additional, Horvath, Keith J., additional, Hirshfield, Sabina, additional, and Carrico, Adam W., additional
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- 2024
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29. HIV-related drivers of sexual compulsivity and sexuality in sexual minority men who use methamphetamine
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Kondur, Hema R., Lee, Tae K., McIntosh, Roger, Gouse, Hetta, Paul, Robert, Grov, Christian, Fuchs, Dietmar, Gómez, Walter, Dilworth, Samantha E., Neilands, Torsten B., and Carrico, Adam W.
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- 2022
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30. Correlates and Effects of Alcohol Use Expectancies Among Persons Living with HIV in Uganda
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Mutumba, Massy, Woolf-King, Sarah, Carrico, Adam W., Emenyonu, Nneka I., Fatch, Robin, Kekibiina, Allen, Muyindike, Winnie, and Hahn, Judith A.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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31. Housing First: Unsuppressed Viral Load Among Women Living with HIV in San Francisco
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Riley, Elise D, Vittinghoff, Eric, Koss, Catherine A, Christopoulos, Katerina A, Clemenzi-Allen, Angelo, Dilworth, Samantha E, and Carrico, Adam W
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Prevention ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Infection ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Ill-Housed Persons ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Middle Aged ,Odds Ratio ,Outcome Assessment ,Health Care ,Poverty ,Public Housing ,San Francisco ,Serologic Tests ,Viral Load ,Young Adult ,HIV ,Viral suppression ,Women ,Homeless ,Incarceration ,Public Health and Health Services ,Social Work ,Public health - Abstract
While poverty is an established barrier to achieving success at each step of the HIV care continuum, less is known about specific aspects of poverty and how they overlap with behavior in exceptionally low-income individuals who live in well-resourced areas. We considered unsuppressed viral load over 3 years among women living with HIV in San Francisco who used homeless shelters, low-income hotels and free meal programs. One-hundred twenty study participants were followed; 60% had > 1 unsuppressed viral load and 19% were unsuppressed at every visit. Across six-month intervals, the odds of unsuppressed viral load were 11% higher for every 10 nights spent sleeping on the street [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.20]; 16% higher for every 10 nights spent sleeping in a shelter (AOR/10 nights 1.16, 95% CI 1.06-1.27); 4% higher for every 10 nights spent sleeping in a single-room occupancy hotel (AOR/10 nights 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.07); and over threefold higher among women who experienced any recent incarceration (AOR 3.56, 95% CI 1.84-6.86). Violence and recent use of outpatient health care did not significantly predict viral suppression in adjusted analysis. While strategies to promote retention in care are important for vulnerable persons living with HIV, they are insufficient to ensure sustained viral suppression in low-income women experiencing homelessness and incarceration. Results presented here in combination with prior research linking incarceration to homelessness among women indicate that tailored interventions, which not only consider but prioritize affordable housing, are critical to achieving sustained viral suppression in low-income women living with HIV.
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- 2019
32. Cocaine Use and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
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Hojilla, Jose Carlo, Satre, Derek D, Glidden, David V, McMahan, Vanessa M, Gandhi, Monica, Defechereux, Patricia, Guanira, Juan V, Mehrotra, Megha, Grant, Robert M, and Carrico, Adam W
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Prevention ,Substance Misuse ,Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*) ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Health Disparities ,HIV/AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Cocaine ,Cocaine-Related Disorders ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Kidney ,Male ,Medication Adherence ,Patient Participation ,Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ,Young Adult ,PrEP ,cocaine ,stimulants ,medication adherence ,objective measures ,retention in care ,renal insufficiency ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology ,Clinical sciences ,Epidemiology ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundConcomitant use of cocaine and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) raises important clinical questions around adherence, retention in care, and renal toxicity.MethodsWe assessed the associations of confirmed cocaine use with PrEP adherence (both ascertained through objective measures), care engagement, and renal function in the iPrEx open-label extension. Cocaine use was measured in scalp hair samples and categorized as light (500-3000 pg/mg) and moderate to heavy (>3000 pg/mg). PrEP adherence in the first 3 months was measured through plasma tenofovir concentrations. Disengagement from PrEP care was defined as a gap in follow-up greater than 4 months. Serum creatinine was assessed at baseline and quarterly visits.ResultsOf the 400 participants included in this analysis, 90% were men who have sex with men, 10% transgender women, 74% Hispanic/Latino; 21% tested positive for cocaine use in the last 3 months. In adjusted analysis, light cocaine use [adjusted odds ratio 2.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 4.14)] and moderate to heavy use [adjusted odds ratio 2.32 (1.08 to 5.00)] were associated with greater odds of having plasma tenofovir concentrations below the level of quantitation. Participants with moderate to heavy use had a nearly 3-fold higher rate of disengagement from PrEP care compared with nonusers (adjusted hazard ratio 2.90 [1.48 to 5.66]). We found no statistically or clinically significant differences in creatinine clearance and serum creatinine between participants who tested positive for cocaine and those who did not.ConclusionsCocaine use decreases PrEP adherence and care engagement. Comprehensive approaches are needed to reduce cocaine use and enhance engagement along the PrEP care continuum.
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- 2019
33. Cluster randomized stepped-wedge trial of a multi-level HIV prevention intervention to decrease amphetamine-type stimulants and sexual risk in Cambodian female entertainment and sex workers.
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Page, Kimberly, Carrico, Adam W, Stein, Ellen, Evans, Jennifer, Sokunny, Muth, Maly, Phou, Sophal, Chhit, Neak, Yuthea, Ngak, Song, McCulloch, Charles, and Maher, Lisa
- Subjects
Humans ,HIV Infections ,Amphetamine-Related Disorders ,Amphetamine ,Central Nervous System Stimulants ,Cluster Analysis ,Follow-Up Studies ,Sexual Behavior ,Unsafe Sex ,Adult ,Female ,Young Adult ,Sex Workers ,Sex Work ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,Asian People ,Amphetamine-type stimulants ,Conditional cash transfer ,Contingency management ,HIV prevention ,Microenterprise ,Sex work ,Methamphetamine ,Pediatric ,Pediatric AIDS ,Prevention ,Cost Effectiveness Research ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Good Health and Well Being ,Decent Work and Economic Growth ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Substance Abuse - Abstract
BackgroundHIV prevention for female entertainment and sex workers (FESW) may be optimized by addressing individual and structural risks. We examined the impact of a sequentially delivered intervention to decrease sexual risk, amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use, and improve economic well-being in Cambodian FESW.MethodsA cluster randomized stepped-wedge trial was conducted in 10 Cambodian provinces to test multi-level intervention in high risk FESW. After baseline screening in 1198 women, those screening positive for ATS use disorder were allocated to a 12-week conditional cash transfer intervention followed by a 4-week cognitive-behavioural aftercare group (CCT + AC). At six months, ATS abstinent participants were offered a microenterprise (ME) opportunity. Co-primary outcomes assessed in 600 FESW at each 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-up assessments, included: 1) number of sexual partners (past three months); and 2) ATS urine toxicology positive (Tox+) results. Secondary outcomes included indicators of economic well-being.ResultsRelative to baseline, FESW reported fewer sexual partners at all follow-up assessments with a significant 50% decrease at 12-months (Adjusted Rate Ratio [ARR] = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.25, 0.95). Women had 60% lower odds of being ATS Tox+ (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.40; 95%CI: 0.25, 0.65) at 6-months, and continued but non-significant reductions at 12- and 18-months. Improvements in economic well-being indicators were observed at 12- and 18-months.ConclusionsFindings support the robust effectiveness of the sequentially delivered CCT + AC and ME interventions for boosting HIV prevention for Cambodian FESW. Further research is needed to inform the scale up and improve durability of this comprehensive approach with FESW in Southeast Asia.
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- 2019
34. Stimulant Use and Viral Suppression in the Era of Universal Antiretroviral Therapy
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Carrico, Adam W, Hunt, Peter W, Neilands, Torsten B, Dilworth, Samantha E, Martin, Jeffrey N, Deeks, Steven G, and Riley, Elise D
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Clinical Research ,Infectious Diseases ,Substance Misuse ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,HIV/AIDS ,Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*) ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Amphetamine-Related Disorders ,Anti-HIV Agents ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Central Nervous System Stimulants ,Cohort Studies ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Male ,Medication Adherence ,Methamphetamine ,Middle Aged ,Odds Ratio ,United States ,Viral Load ,adherence ,cocaine ,HIV ,methamphetamine ,viral load ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology ,Clinical sciences ,Epidemiology ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundHIV-positive persons who use stimulants such as methamphetamine experience difficulties navigating the HIV care continuum that undermine the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, few studies have examined the association of stimulant use with viral suppression in the era of universal ART.SettingZuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital.MethodsHIV-positive persons participating in a clinical cohort study and taking ART completed assessments every 4-6 months. The exposure was the cumulative, time-varying proportion of assessments with any self-reported stimulant use. The time-varying outcome, HIV viral suppression (ie,
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- 2019
35. A randomized controlled efficacy trial of behavioral activation for concurrent stimulant use and sexual risk for HIV acquisition among MSM: project IMPACT study protocol
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Mimiaga, Matthew J, Pantalone, David W, Biello, Katie B, Glynn, Tiffany Rose, Santostefano, Christopher M, Olson, Jennifer, Pardee, Dana J, Hughto, Jaclyn MW, Garcia Valles, Josibel, Carrico, Adam W, Mayer, Kenneth H, and Safren, Steven A
- Subjects
Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Pediatric AIDS ,Substance Misuse ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Behavioral and Social Science ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Mental Health ,Prevention ,Pediatric ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*) ,Mind and Body ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Behavior Therapy ,Boston ,Central Nervous System Stimulants ,Florida ,HIV ,HIV Infections ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Humans ,Male ,Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Risk Reduction Behavior ,Risk-Taking ,Safe Sex ,Sex Counseling ,Sexual Behavior ,Sexual Partners ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Treatment Outcome ,Behavioral activation ,Men who have sex with men ,Sexual risk ,Stimulant use ,Public Health and Health Services ,Epidemiology ,Health services and systems ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundIn the United States, problematic stimulant use is a prevalent and difficult to treat problem among men who have sex with men (MSM), as well as a major driver of HIV transmission through the large number of sexual partners and concomitant condomless anal sex (CAS). Evidence-based behavioral studies that address problematic stimulant use in MSM at risk for HIV infection are also lacking. In this paper, we describe the design of a behavioral intervention trial to reduce sexual risk behavior and stimulant use in HIV-uninfected MSM.MethodsThis study, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing an integrated HIV risk reduction and behavioral activation counseling intervention (IMPACT) for HIV-uninfected, stimulant using MSM in Boston, MA, and Miami, FL. Participants are randomized (2:2:1) to either (1) the IMPACT intervention; (2) a relaxation condition, an active therapy time- and intensity-matched control; or (3) a standard of care risk reduction counseling comparison. At enrollment, all participants receive an HIV test and pre- and post-test counseling. The primary outcome is the difference in the rate of change in the number of self-reported condomless anal sex acts without the protection of consistent Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) use, as well as reductions in stimulant use during the prior 4-months. Major assessments are conducted at baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-up visits.DiscussionEffective and sustainable behavioral interventions are sorely needed to reduce HIV acquisition in stimulant using MSM at risk for HIV infection. In this study, we will evaluate the evidence of efficacy of the IMPACT intervention to reduce HIV acquisition in HIV-uninfected, stimulant-using MSM. If found effective, the intervention tested here holds promise for being readily integrated into real-world clinical settings.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03175159 , registered June 5, 2017.
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- 2018
36. Randomized controlled trial of a positive affect intervention for methamphetamine users
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Carrico, Adam W, Gόmez, Walter, Jain, Jennifer, Shoptaw, Steven, Discepola, Michael V, Olem, David, Lagana-Jackson, Justin, Andrews, Rick, Neilands, Torsten B, Dilworth, Samantha E, Evans, Jennifer L, Woods, William J, and Moskowitz, Judith T
- Subjects
Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Brain Disorders ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Infectious Diseases ,Methamphetamine ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,HIV/AIDS ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Substance Misuse ,Comparative Effectiveness Research ,Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*) ,Clinical Research ,Mental Health ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Amphetamine-Related Disorders ,Behavior Therapy ,Central Nervous System Stimulants ,Early Intervention ,Educational ,Follow-Up Studies ,HIV Seropositivity ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Mindfulness ,Reward ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Contingency management ,HIV ,Men who have sex with men ,Positive affect ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Substance Abuse ,Biochemistry and cell biology ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences ,Epidemiology - Abstract
BackgroundContingency management (CM) is an evidence-based intervention providing rewards in exchange for biomarkers that confirm abstinence from stimulants such as methamphetamine. We tested the efficacy of a positive affect intervention designed to boost the effectiveness of CM with HIV-positive, methamphetamine-using sexual minority men.MethodsThis attention-matched, randomized controlled trial of a positive affect intervention delivered during CM was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01926184). In total, 110 HIV-positive sexual minority men with biologically confirmed, recent methamphetamine use were enrolled. Five individual sessions of a positive affect intervention (n = 55) or an attention-control condition (n = 55) were delivered during three months of CM. Secondary outcomes examined over the 3-month intervention period included: 1) psychological processes relevant to affect regulation (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, and mindfulness); 2) methamphetamine craving; 3) self-reported stimulant use (past 3 months); and 4) cumulative number of urine samples that were non-reactive for stimulants (i.e., methamphetamine and cocaine) during CM.ResultsThose randomized to the positive affect intervention reported significant increases in positive affect during individual sessions and increases in mindfulness over the 3-month intervention period. Intervention-related improvements in these psychological processes relevant to affect regulation were paralleled by concurrent decreases in methamphetamine craving and self-reported stimulant use over the 3-month intervention period.ConclusionsDelivering a positive affect intervention may improve affect regulation as well as reduce methamphetamine craving and stimulant use during CM with HIV-positive, methamphetamine-using sexual minority men.
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- 2018
37. Finding Sunshine on a Cloudy Day: A Positive Affect Intervention for Co-Occurring Methamphetamine Use and HIV
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Olem, David, Earle, Maya, Gómez, Walter, Coffin, Lara, Cotten, Paul, Jain, Jennifer P., Moskowitz, Judith T., and Carrico, Adam W.
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- 2022
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38. Sex in the Era of COVID-19 in a U.S. National Cohort of Cisgender Men, Transgender Women, and Transgender Men Who Have Sex with Men: April–May 2020
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Grov, Christian, Zohra, Fatima, Westmoreland, Drew A., Mirzayi, Chloe, D’Angelo, Alexa, Stief, Matthew, Kulkarni, Sarah, Nash, Denis, and Carrico, Adam W.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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39. Getting Clear About Rectal Douching Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
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Grov, Christian, Westmoreland, Drew, Carneiro, Pedro B., Bauermeister, Jose A., and Carrico, Adam W.
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- 2021
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40. Smoking Predicts Food Insecurity Severity among Persons Living with HIV
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Kim-Mozeleski, Jin E, Tsoh, Janice Y, Ramirez-Forcier, Joseph, Andrews, Brett, Weiser, Sheri D, and Carrico, Adam W
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Health Services and Systems ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Substance Misuse ,HIV/AIDS ,Prevention ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Tobacco ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,Cardiovascular ,Respiratory ,Stroke ,Cancer ,Zero Hunger ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Cigarette Smoking ,Depression ,Female ,Food Supply ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Nutrition Surveys ,Risk Factors ,Smoking ,Smoking Cessation ,HIV ,Food insecurity ,Substance use ,Public Health and Health Services ,Social Work ,Public health - Abstract
Food insecurity is a key social and health issue among persons living with HIV (PLHIV). Food insecurity oftentimes co-occurs with substance use, but little is known about the relationship between tobacco use and food insecurity particularly among PLHIV. In this study, we prospectively examined the association of cigarette smoking with food insecurity in a cohort of 108 individuals seeking vocational rehabilitation services. Over the 12-month study period, smokers at baseline reported consistently higher levels of food insecurity compared to non-smokers. Smoking remained an independent risk factor for greater food insecurity, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and known confounders (e.g., substance use, depression). Food insecurity is a key structural and socioeconomic barrier that may partially explain HIV-related health disparities observed among smokers. Further research is needed to characterize the bio-behavioral mechanisms linking smoking and food insecurity as well as test whether smoking cessation can reduce food insecurity in PLHIV who smoke.
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- 2018
41. A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Text Messaging Intervention to Promote Virologic Suppression and Retention in Care in an Urban Safety-Net Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinic: The Connect4Care Trial.
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Christopoulos, Katerina A, Riley, Elise D, Carrico, Adam W, Tulsky, Jacqueline, Moskowitz, Judith T, Dilworth, Samantha, Coffin, Lara S, Wilson, Leslie, Johnson Peretz, Jason, and Hilton, Joan F
- Subjects
Adult ,Aged ,Ambulatory Care Facilities ,Appointments and Schedules ,Cell Phone ,Early Medical Intervention ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Motivation ,Research Design ,Retention in Care ,San Francisco ,Sustained Virologic Response ,Text Messaging ,Urban Population ,Viral Load ,Viremia ,Young Adult ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Prevention ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,HIV/AIDS ,Social Determinants of Health ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Infection ,No Poverty ,Good Health and Well Being ,retention in care ,mobile health ,text messaging ,vulnerable populations ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundText messaging is a promising strategy to support human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care engagement, but little is known about its efficacy in urban safety-net HIV clinics.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial of a supportive and motivational text messaging intervention, Connect4Care (C4C), among viremic patients who had a history of poor retention or were new to the clinic. Participants were randomized (stratified by new or established HIV diagnosis status) to receive either of the following for 12 months: (1) thrice-weekly intervention messages, plus texted primary care appointment reminders and a monthly text message requesting confirmation of study participation or (2) texted reminders and monthly messages alone. Viral load was assessed at 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome was virologic suppression (
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- 2018
42. Recent stimulant use and leukocyte gene expression in methamphetamine users with treated HIV infection
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Carrico, Adam W, Flentje, Annesa, Kober, Kord, Lee, Sulggi, Hunt, Peter, Riley, Elise D, Shoptaw, Steven, Flowers, Elena, Dilworth, Samantha E, Pahwa, Savita, and Aouizerat, Bradley E
- Subjects
Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Methamphetamine ,HIV/AIDS ,Substance Misuse ,Clinical Research ,Genetics ,Infectious Diseases ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Cocaine ,Disease Progression ,Gene Expression ,HIV ,HIV Infections ,HIV Seropositivity ,Humans ,Interleukin-6 ,Leukocytes ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Sequence Analysis ,RNA ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Viral Load ,Gene expression ,Immune activation ,Inflammation ,Reservoir ,Neurosciences ,Psychology ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Biological psychology - Abstract
Stimulant use may accelerate HIV disease progression through biological and behavioral pathways. However, scant research with treated HIV-positive persons has examined stimulant-associated alterations in pathophysiologic processes relevant to HIV pathogenesis. In a sample of 55 HIV-positive, methamphetamine-using sexual minority men with a viral load less than 200 copies/mL, we conducted RNA sequencing to examine patterns of leukocyte gene expression in participants who had a urine sample that was reactive for stimulants (n = 27) as compared to those who tested non-reactive (n = 28). Results indicated differential expression of 32 genes and perturbation of 168 pathways in recent stimulant users. We observed statistically significant differential expression of single genes previously associated with HIV latency, cell cycle regulation, and immune activation in recent stimulant users (false discovery rate p
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- 2018
43. Positive and Negative Self-Conscious Emotion and Transmission Risk Following HIV Diagnosis
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Batchelder, Abigail W, Carrico, Adam W, Acree, Michael, Hecht, Frederick M, and Moskowitz, Judith Tedlie
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Prevention ,Mental Health ,HIV/AIDS ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Condoms ,Emotions ,Female ,Guilt ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Male ,Risk-Taking ,Self Concept ,Sexual Behavior ,Shame ,Social Behavior ,Unsafe Sex ,Negative self-conscious emotion ,Positive emotion ,HIV ,High-risk sex ,Public Health and Health Services ,Social Work ,Public health - Abstract
While negative emotions are associated with risk behaviors and risk avoidance among people with HIV, emerging evidence indicates that negative self-conscious emotions, those evoked by self-reflection or self-evaluation (e.g., shame, guilt, and embarrassment), may differentially influence health-risk behaviors by producing avoidance or, conversely, pro-social behaviors. Positive emotions are associated with beneficial health behaviors, and may account for inconsistent findings related to negative self-conscious emotions. Using multinomial logistic regression, we tested whether positive emotion moderated the relationships between negative emotion and negative self-conscious emotions and level of condomless sex risk: (1) seroconcordant; (2) serodiscordant with undetectable viral load; and (3) serodiscordant with detectable viral load [potentially amplified transmission (PAT)] among people recently diagnosed with HIV (n = 276). While positive emotion did not moderate the relationship between negative emotion and condomless sex, it did moderate the relationship between negative self-conscious emotion and PAT (AOR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.41, 0.87); high negative self-conscious and high positive emotion were associated with lower PAT risk. Acknowledgment of both positive and negative self-conscious emotion may reduce transmission risk behavior among people with HIV.
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- 2018
44. Minority stress and leukocyte gene expression in sexual minority men living with treated HIV infection
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Flentje, Annesa, Kober, Kord M, Carrico, Adam W, Neilands, Torsten B, Flowers, Elena, Heck, Nicholas C, and Aouizerat, Bradley E
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,Infectious Diseases ,Substance Misuse ,Genetics ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Mental Health ,Clinical Research ,Methamphetamine ,Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*) ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ,HIV ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Immunity ,Inflammation ,Leukocytes ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Minority Groups ,Neoplasms ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Stress ,Psychological ,Transcriptome ,Gene expression ,Minority stress ,Sexual minority men ,Stimulant use ,Immune activation ,Cancer ,Cardiovascular ,Neurosciences ,Psychology ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Biological psychology - Abstract
Sexual minority (i.e., non-heterosexual) individuals experience poorer mental and physical health, accounted for in part by the additional burden of sexual minority stress occurring from being situated in a culture favoring heteronormativity. Informed by previous research, the purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between sexual minority stress and leukocyte gene expression related to inflammation, cancer, immune function, and cardiovascular function. Sexual minority men living with HIV who were on anti-retroviral medication, had viral load
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- 2018
45. Substance-associated elevations in monocyte activation among methamphetamine users with treated HIV infection
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Carrico, Adam W, Cherenack, Emily M, Roach, Margaret E, Riley, Elise D, Oni, Olorunleke, Dilworth, Samantha E, Shoptaw, Steven, Hunt, Peter, Roy, Sabita, Pallikkuth, Suresh, and Pahwa, Savita
- Subjects
Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Substance Misuse ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Brain Disorders ,HIV/AIDS ,Methamphetamine ,Infectious Diseases ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Central Nervous System Stimulants ,Cocaine ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Disease Progression ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Interleukin-6 ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Monocytes ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Young Adult ,alcohol ,cocaine ,HIV ,immune activation ,methamphetamine ,microbial translocation ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Virology ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
ObjectiveMicrobial translocation and monocyte activation predict mortality in treated HIV. We examined whether substance use independently contributes to these pathophysiologic processes.DesignCross-sectional study at baseline for a randomized controlled trial.MethodsHIV-positive, methamphetamine-using MSM with undetectable HIV viral load (less than 40 copies/ml) were enrolled. We examined if plasma biomarkers of monocyte activation and intestinal barrier integrity were associated with the following: reactive urine toxicology results (Tox+) for stimulants (i.e., methamphetamine or cocaine) and substance use severity measured by the Addiction Severity Index. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, antiretroviral therapy regimen, CD4 T-cell count, interleukin-6, and alcohol use severity.ResultsThe sample of 84 virally suppressed MSM had a median CD4 T-cell count of 645 cells/μl. Those who were Tox+ for stimulants displayed higher soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels (2087 versus 1801 ng/ml; P = 0.009), and this difference remained significant after adjusting for covariates (standardized beta = 0.23, P = 0.026). Greater substance use severity was also independently associated with higher sCD14 after adjusting for covariates (standardized beta = 0.29, P = 0.013). Being Tox+ for stimulants and substance use severity were not associated with soluble CD163 (sCD163) or intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) levels (P > 0.05).ConclusionsMonocyte activation is one plausible mechanism by which stimulant use may increase clinical HIV progression.
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- 2018
46. Skating on thin ice: stimulant use and sub‐optimal adherence to HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis
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Hojilla, J Carlo, Vlahov, David, Glidden, David V, Amico, K Rivet, Mehrotra, Megha, Hance, Robert, Grant, Robert M, and Carrico, Adam W
- Subjects
Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*) ,Clinical Research ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Prevention ,HIV/AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,Substance Misuse ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,Central Nervous System Stimulants ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Homosexuality ,Male ,Humans ,Male ,Medication Adherence ,Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ,Prospective Studies ,Transgender Persons ,pre-exposure prophylaxis ,adherence ,drug use ,stimulant use ,binge drinking ,men who have sex with men ,transgender persons ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Other Medical and Health Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Epidemiology ,Public health - Abstract
IntroductionStimulant and heavy alcohol use are prevalent and associated with elevated risk for HIV seroconversion among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women. In addition, each can pose difficulties for antiretroviral adherence among people living with HIV. Scant research has examined the associations of stimulant and heavy alcohol use with adherence to daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among MSM and transgender women. To address this gap in the literature, we evaluated the hypothesis that stimulant use and binge drinking are prospectively associated with sub-optimal PrEP adherence.MethodsWe analysed data from participants in a nested case-cohort in the iPrEx open label extension. Stimulant use (i.e. powder cocaine, crack-cocaine, cocaine paste, methamphetamine, cathinone) and binge drinking (i.e. ≥5 drinks in a single day) in the last 30 days were assessed. Baseline urine was tested for stimulants using immunoassays to reduce misclassification. Sub-optimal adherence was defined as tenofovir drug concentrations in dried blood spots less than 700 fmol per punch, indicative of less than four doses per week. We tested the prospective association of stimulant use and binge drinking with sub-optimal adherence at the 4-week follow-up visit.Results and discussionData from 330 participants were analysed. The majority of the participants were MSM (89%) with a median age at baseline of 29 years (interquartile range 24 to 39). Approximately 16% (52/330) used stimulants and 22% (72/330) reported binge drinking in the last 30 days. Stimulant users had fivefold greater odds of sub-optimal PrEP adherence compared to non-users in adjusted analysis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.04; [95% CI 1.35 to 18.78]). Self-reported binge drinking was not significantly associated with sub-optimal adherence after adjusting for stimulant use and baseline confounders (aOR 1.16 [0.49 to 2.73]). Depressive symptoms, being transgender, and number of sex partners were also not significantly associated with sub-optimal PrEP adherence (p > 0.05).ConclusionsStimulant use is a risk factor for sub-optimal PrEP adherence in the month following PrEP initiation. Comprehensive prevention approaches that reduce stimulant use may optimize PrEP adherence. Creating adherence plans that specifically address PrEP dosing in the context of ongoing stimulant use should also be considered.
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- 2018
47. HIV treatment cascade among female entertainment and sex workers in Cambodia: impact of amphetamine use and an HIV prevention program
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Muth, Sokunny, Len, Aynar, Evans, Jennifer L, Phou, Maly, Chhit, Sophal, Neak, Yuthea, Ngak, Song, Stein, Ellen S, Carrico, Adam W, Maher, Lisa, and Page, Kimberly
- Subjects
Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Prevention ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Alcoholism ,Amphetamine-Related Disorders ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,Cambodia ,Continuity of Patient Care ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Health Status ,Humans ,Logistic Models ,Mental Health ,Middle Aged ,Prevalence ,Risk Factors ,Self Efficacy ,Sex Workers ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Viral Load ,Young Adult ,HIV ,Entertainment workers ,Female sex workers ,Amphetamines ,HIV continuum of care ,Treatment cascade ,Public Health and Health Services ,Psychology ,Health services and systems ,Public health ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
BackgroundHIV prevalence remains high in Cambodia among female entertainment and sex workers (FESW), and amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use significantly increases risk of infection. A successful continuum of care (CoC) is key to effective clinical care and prevention. This study aimed to describe the HIV CoC in HIV-positive FESW. We examined CoC outcomes among HIV-positive FESW participating in the Cambodia Integrated HIV and Drug Prevention Implementation (CIPI) study, being implemented in ten provinces. CIPI is a trial aimed at reducing ATS use concomitant with the SMARTgirl HIV prevention program.MethodsFrom 2013 to 2016, 1198 FESW ≥ 18 years old who reported multiple sex partners and/or transactional sex were recruited. We identified 88 HIV-positive women at baseline. We described linkage to care as 12-month retention and viral suppression (
- Published
- 2017
48. Correction to: Impact of a Structural Intervention to Address Alcohol Use Among Gay Bar Patrons in San Francisco: The PACE Study
- Author
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Charlebois, Edwin D, Plenty, Albert H, Lin, Jessica, Ayala, Alicia, Carrico, Adam W, and Hecht, Jennifer
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Substance Misuse ,Alcoholism ,Alcohol Use and Health ,Public Health and Health Services ,Social Work ,Public health - Abstract
The original version of this article contains an omission in the list of authors for Dr. Adam W. Carrico. The corrected authors list for the article is given in this erratum.
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- 2017
49. Sexual Minority Stress and Cellular Aging in Methamphetamine-Using Sexual Minority Men with Treated HIV
- Author
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Ghanooni, Delaram, Carrico, Adam W., Williams, Renessa, Glynn, Tiffany R., Moskowitz, Judith T., Pahwa, Savita, Pallikkuth, Suresh, Roach, Margaret E., Dilworth, Samantha, Aouizerat, Bradley E., and Flentje, Annesa
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Leveraging qualitative approaches to guide sustainable international research collaborations
- Author
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Vandermause, Roxanne, primary, Kryah, Rachel, additional, Bertram, Julie, additional, Stewart, Hannah L., additional, Ean, Nil, additional, Bruce, Steven, additional, Carrico, Adam W., additional, Mannarino, Julie A., additional, and Paul, Robert H., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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