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New communication methods and technology continue to emerge and evolve -- as do societal trends -- making it paramount that Extension professionals stay abreast with the preferred communication channels of potential clientele. By being aware of clients' preferred communication channels, Extension professionals can increase the number of participants who benefit from their work while also improving the quality of the message being delivered. The present study examined the preferred communication channels of potential Extension clientele specifically when gathering information regarding their community. Specifically, a non-probability opt-in sampling procedure was employed whereby respondent (N = 3,347) communication channel preferences were analyzed from an audience segmentation and uses and gratifications perspective. Overall, the results indicated the most effective channels through which to reach potential Extension clientele under 50 years of age is through the internet and social media, while word of mouth and newspaper are preferred channels for those 50 and over. However, the results of the study indicate there are a variety of potential communication channels with varying degrees of preference among different audiences. Using study results as a starting point to inform communication channel strategy may help to Extension professionals ensure the correct message is provided to the correct audience via the correct channel.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a pervasive, costly, and dangerous cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which can lead to further complications if they become recurrent or progress to urosepsis. Recurrent UTI is a particular concern among postmenopausal females because of increased risk factors and decreased estrogen levels, leading to changes in the urogenital epithelium and subsequently causing alterations in the urogenital microbiome. Prevention strategies for recurrent UTIs are often incorporated into patient-centered care plans, but finding the right management can be difficult for older women since many of the common treatment options have contraindications and adverse side effects. This review aims to describe the diagnosis, treatment, and special considerations for the treatment and prevention of recurrent UTIs in women over 65. Current prevention strategies include both antibiotic and nonantibiotic options. The antibiotic choice for older women presents a few unique challenges, including frequent allergy or intolerance of side effects, renal or liver dysfunction, and polypharmacy or drug interactions. Nonantibiotic options range from readily accessible drugstore remedies to experimental vaccines, which all are accompanied by certain advantages and disadvantages. Appropriate management plans can help to reduce symptoms and poor outcomes among older females. In addition, we hope future studies continue to investigate the proper dosing and routes for optimal management in this aging female population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Death is a common existential concern, and fear of death is widespread at subclinical levels. Near-death experiences (NDEs) are profound mystical experiences that may occur close to death, and they are usually followed by dramatic reductions in fear of death. The content of these experiences varies in each case, but NDEs tend to have common features among individuals and across cultures. While many studies using different tools to measure fear of death and death anxiety have documented their reduction after NDEs, we do not know the influence of specific NDE features on this effect. This research presents statistical correlations between features of NDEs and post-experience death attitudes, both negative and positive. We found that encountering mystical beings and having a life review during one's NDE are the strongest predictors of reduced fear of death. Contrary to theoretical predictions, a sense of disembodiment is not associated with change in death attitudes. These findings can be used to design interventions aimed at reducing fear of death in vulnerable populations, including people at end-of-life. We also discuss these findings in the context of Terror Management Theory regarding death awareness as a motivator of human behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Dynamic elasticity was previously identified in individuals with overactive bladder (OAB) using comparative‐fill urodynamics (UD) and is a biomechanical mechanism for acutely regulating detrusor wall tension. On the basis of this data, a conceptual model of dynamic elasticity regulation mediated through a balance of passive mechanisms and active contractions was constructed. The present study tested this model by determining whether individuals with detrusor overactivity (DO) exhibit less dynamic elasticity than individuals without DO. Methods: Individuals with and without urgency based on International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐OAB surveys were prospectively enrolled in a comparative‐fill UD study. An initial fill defined the presence or absence of DO and determined cystometric capacity. Three additional fills were employed with either passive emptying via a catheter or active voiding. To identify dynamic elasticity, average filling pressures (Pves) were compared for fill 1 (before strain softening), fill 2 (after strain softening), and fill 3 (after active void). A dynamic elasticity index was defined. Results: From 28 participants, those without DO showed decreased Pves during filling after strain softening and restored Pves during filling following active voiding, revealing dynamic elasticity. Participants with DO did not show dynamic elasticity. A dynamic elasticity index less than 1.0 cmH2O/40% capacity was identified in 2 out of 13 participants without DO and 9 out of 15 with DO, revealing a significant association between DO and reduced/absent dynamic elasticity (P =.024). Conclusions: This study supports a conceptual model for dynamic elasticity, a mechanism to acutely regulate detrusor wall tension through a balance of competing active contractile and passive strain mechanisms. Improved understanding of this mechanistic model may help us to identify novel treatment strategies for OAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIMS Previous studies using isolated strips of human detrusor muscle identified adjustable preload tension, a novel mechanism that acutely regulates detrusor wall tension. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a method to identify a correlate measure of adjustable preload tension during urodynamics. METHODS Patients reporting urgency most or all of the time based on ICIq-OAB survey scores were prospectively enrolled in an extended repeat fill-and-empty urodynamics study designed to identify a correlate of adjustable preload tension which we now call 'dynamic elasticity.' Cystometric capacity was determined during initial fill. Repeat fills to defined percentages of capacity with passive emptying (via syringe aspiration) were performed to strain soften the bladder. A complete fill with active voiding was included to determine whether human bladder exhibits reversible strain softening. RESULTS Five patients completed the extended urodynamics study. Intravesical pressure (pves) decreased with subsequent fills and was significantly lower during Fill 3 compared to Fill 1 ( P = 0.008), demonstrating strain softening. Active voiding after Fill 3 caused strain softening reversal, with pves in Fill 4 returning to the baseline measured during Fill 1 ( P = 0.29). Dynamic elasticity, the urodynamic correlate of adjustable preload tension, was calculated as the amount of strain softening (or its reversal) per %capacity (Δaverage pves between fills/Δ%capacity). Dynamic elasticity was lost via repeat passive filling and emptying (strain softening) and regained after active voiding regulated the process (strain softening reversal). CONCLUSIONS Improved understanding of dynamic elasticity in the human bladder could lead to both improved sub-typing and novel treatments of overactive bladder. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1086-1090, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Date Presented 04/22/2023 Cortical visual impairment (CVI) is the leading cause of visual impairment, affecting as many as 72 per 100,000 children (Cohen-Maitre & Haerich, 2005). CVI causes difficulty processing visual information (Abd El-Maksoud et al., 2016); however, there is limited research on interventions for CVI. This study aims to see whether eye gaze technology improves visual skills and occupational performance of children with CVI. Primary Author and Speaker: Tammy J. Bruegger Additional Authors and Speakers: Ashley Carroll, Ciara Dutton, Jenna Dietrick, Claire Cook, Brianna Eller [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]