60 results on '"Carroll KA"'
Search Results
2. Pyloric outflow obstruction secondary to sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in a dog.
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Carroll, KA, Wallace, ML, Hill, TL, Bartges, JW, Ruby, JL, Mulder, AT, and Helmick, JI
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ASCITIC fluids , *PERITONITIS , *DOG breeds , *PYLORUS , *ABDOMEN , *AUTOPSY - Abstract
A 6‐year‐old, male neutered mixed breed dog was presented emergently with a three‐week history of hyporexia, vomiting, diarrhoea and weight loss. Upon examination, the patient was dull, had generalised muscle atrophy, moderate abdominal pain and a mild amount of peritoneal effusion. A fluid‐filled, distended, corrugated small bowel with marked gastroparesis and moderate peritoneal effusion was noted on abdominal ultrasonography. Endoscopy revealed hyperaemic and friable mucosa and a subjectively narrowed pylorus. Emergency exploratory celiotomy was performed due to worsening patient condition and revealed thick, diffuse, fibrous adhesions of the abdominal cavity. Based on these findings, sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) was suspected. A large mass of omentum adjacent to the greater curvature of the stomach had caused a pyloric outflow obstruction. Adhesiolysis was attempted but was unsuccessful due to the friability of the small intestines. The dog was humanely euthanased under anaesthesia. A diagnosis of SEP was confirmed via necropsy. No underlying cause was identified. This is the first known case of a pyloric outflow obstruction secondary to SEP in a dog. Although rare, this condition should be considered as a differential for dogs with signs of a pyloric outflow obstruction with concurrent ascites and abdominal pain, hyporexia, vomiting and diarrhoea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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3. Can for-profit Catholic health care get the mission right?
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Carroll KA
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- 2012
4. Long-term performance of oxidized zirconium on conventional and highly cross-linked polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty
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Carli Alberto V., Patel Anay R., Cross Michael B., Mayman David J., Carroll Kaitlin M., Pellicci Paul M., and Jerabek Seth A.
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oxidized zirconium ,highly cross-linked polyethylene ,total hip arthroplasty ,long-term outcomes ,osteolysis ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Introduction: Polyethylene wear and subsequent osteolysis remain obstacles to the long-term survivorship of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Highly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) with radical quenching represents a massive leap forward with dramatically improved wear rates compared to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). In this study we evaluate the wear of UHMWPE and XLPE coupled with oxidized zirconium (OxZr) femoral heads. Methods: A longitudinal, retrospective analysis was performed identifying consecutive patients who received a 28-mm OxZr-on-polyethylene primary THA from 2003 to 2004 by a single, high-volume arthroplasty surgeon. Patients were divided into two groups: those that received (1) UHMWPE liner and (2) a highly XLPE liner. Patients were included if clinical follow-up was complete to 2014 or later. Radiographic analysis was performed by two blinded observers. Measures included cup position, annual linear wear rate, and presence of osteolysis. Pairwise comparisons, correlations, and inter-rater reliability were calculated. Results: Eighty patients were in the UHMWPE group with an average follow-up of 10 ± 1.23 years and 88 patients in the XLPE group with an average of 10 ± 1.03-year follow-up. Average age (68) was similar between groups (p = 0.288). Observer reliability was excellent for cup abduction (ICC = 0.940), anteversion (ICC = 0.942), and detection of osteolysis (ICC = 0.811). Annual linear wear rates were significantly higher (p = 1 × 10−19) with UHMWPE (0.21 ± 0.12 mm/year) compared to XLPE (0.05 ± 0.03 mm/year). Linear wear rate was significantly correlated to decreasing acetabular abduction (p = 0.035). Osteolysis was noted only in the UHMWPE group, with 17 patients (21.2%) exhibiting acetabular osteolysis and 37 (46.3%) patients exhibiting femoral osteolysis. Conclusions: OxZr coupled with XLPE showed minimal wear and no osteolysis at 10-year follow up. The yearly linear penetration rate is similar to that seen in other studies of XLPE THA. A careful longitudinal follow-up will be required to determine if advanced bearings such as OxZr or ceramic can show improved performance in the second decade of implantation.
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- 2020
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5. Statewide dental auxiliary career mobility: an emerging reality for Kentucky
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Carroll, KA, Appling, SL, Chiswell, CL, Meador, RF, Novak, DE, and Schnurr, BJ
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The lack of articulation in allied health education has been identified as a significant barrier to career mobility. This paper describes an attempt to improve articulation of dental auxiliary training in Kentucky. Results included the development of a dental auxiliary core curriculum, an articulation model, and the successful negotiation of a systemwide transfer agreement. In addition, the project instilled a commitment on the part of the group members to continue working toward greater articulation for dental auxiliaries.
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- 1984
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6. Systematic integration of experimental data and models in systems biology
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Simeonidis Evangelos, Messiha Hanan L, Malys Naglis, Khan Farid, Dunn Warwick, Carroll Kathleen, Swainston Neil, Spasic Irena, Jameson Daniel, Dada Joseph O, Li Peter, Weichart Dieter, Winder Catherine, Wishart Jill, Broomhead David S, Goble Carole A, Gaskell Simon J, Kell Douglas B, Westerhoff Hans V, Mendes Pedro, and Paton Norman W
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background The behaviour of biological systems can be deduced from their mathematical models. However, multiple sources of data in diverse forms are required in the construction of a model in order to define its components and their biochemical reactions, and corresponding parameters. Automating the assembly and use of systems biology models is dependent upon data integration processes involving the interoperation of data and analytical resources. Results Taverna workflows have been developed for the automated assembly of quantitative parameterised metabolic networks in the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML). A SBML model is built in a systematic fashion by the workflows which starts with the construction of a qualitative network using data from a MIRIAM-compliant genome-scale model of yeast metabolism. This is followed by parameterisation of the SBML model with experimental data from two repositories, the SABIO-RK enzyme kinetics database and a database of quantitative experimental results. The models are then calibrated and simulated in workflows that call out to COPASIWS, the web service interface to the COPASI software application for analysing biochemical networks. These systems biology workflows were evaluated for their ability to construct a parameterised model of yeast glycolysis. Conclusions Distributed information about metabolic reactions that have been described to MIRIAM standards enables the automated assembly of quantitative systems biology models of metabolic networks based on user-defined criteria. Such data integration processes can be implemented as Taverna workflows to provide a rapid overview of the components and their relationships within a biochemical system.
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- 2010
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7. PEDRo: A database for storing, searching and disseminating experimental proteomics data
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Garwood Kevin, McLaughlin Thomas, Garwood Chris, Joens Scott, Morrison Norman, Taylor Christopher F, Carroll Kathleen, Evans Caroline, Whetton Anthony D, Hart Sarah, Stead David, Yin Zhikang, Brown Alistair JP, Hesketh Andrew, Chater Keith, Hansson Lena, Mewissen Muriel, Ghazal Peter, Howard Julie, Lilley Kathryn S, Gaskell Simon J, Brass Andy, Hubbard Simon J, Oliver Stephen G, and Paton Norman W
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Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Proteomics is rapidly evolving into a high-throughput technology, in which substantial and systematic studies are conducted on samples from a wide range of physiological, developmental, or pathological conditions. Reference maps from 2D gels are widely circulated. However, there is, as yet, no formally accepted standard representation to support the sharing of proteomics data, and little systematic dissemination of comprehensive proteomic data sets. Results This paper describes the design, implementation and use of a Proteome Experimental Data Repository (PEDRo), which makes comprehensive proteomics data sets available for browsing, searching and downloading. It is also serves to extend the debate on the level of detail at which proteomics data should be captured, the sorts of facilities that should be provided by proteome data management systems, and the techniques by which such facilities can be made available. Conclusions The PEDRo database provides access to a collection of comprehensive descriptions of experimental data sets in proteomics. Not only are these data sets interesting in and of themselves, they also provide a useful early validation of the PEDRo data model, which has served as a starting point for the ongoing standardisation activity through the Proteome Standards Initiative of the Human Proteome Organisation.
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- 2004
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8. Conflict of interest and AJOB.
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Carroll KA and McGee G
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- 2002
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9. Anatomical classification of canine congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts based on CT angiography: A SVSTS and VIRIES multi-institutional study in 1082 dogs.
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Weisse C, Fox-Alvarez WA, Grosso FRV, Asano K, Ishigaki K, Zwingenberger AL, Carroll KA, Scharf VF, Lipscomb V, Wallace ML, Aly A, Biscoe B, Davidson JR, Arai S, Amato NS, Ryan SD, Woods S, and An A
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- Dogs, Animals, Retrospective Studies, Female, Male, Portal System abnormalities, Portal System diagnostic imaging, Vascular Malformations veterinary, Vascular Malformations diagnostic imaging, Vascular Malformations classification, Computed Tomography Angiography veterinary, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Portal Vein abnormalities, Portal Vein diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Canine congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS) morphologies have not been fully elucidated. The goal of this retrospective, multi-institutional study was to use CT angiography to create an anatomical-based nomenclature system for canine congenital EHPSS. These shunt morphologies were then evaluated to identify any significant association with patient age, sex, breed, weight, or subjective portal perfusion score. Data collected respectively from the SVSTS and VIRIES list-serves included patient DOB, sex, breed, weight, CT date, and reported diagnosis. A single author (C.W.) viewed all CT scans and classified shunts based on the shunt portal vessel(s) of origin, the shunt systemic vessel(s) of insertion, and any substantial portal vessels contributing to the shunt. Additionally, hepatic portal perfusion was subjectively scored between one (poor/none) and five (good/normal) based on the caliber of the intrahepatic portal veins. A total of 1182 CT scans were submitted from 13 different institutions. Due to exclusion criteria, 100 (8.5%) were removed, leaving 1082 CT scans to be included. Forty-five different EHPSS anatomies were identified with five classifications accounting for 85% of all shunts (left gastric-phrenic [27%], left gastric-azygos [19%], left gastric-caval [15%], aberrant left gastric-caval with right gastric vein [12%], and aberrant left gastric-caval with right gastric vein and short gastric vein [11%]). Shunt origin involved the left gastric vein in 95% of the described classifications. Significant differences were identified among the five most common shunt types with respect to age at the time of the CT scan (P < .001), sex (P = .009), breed (P < .001), weight (P < .001), and subjective portal perfusion score (P < .001). An anatomical classification system for canine EHPSS may enable improved understanding, treatment comparisons, and outcome prediction for these patients., (© 2024 American College of Veterinary Radiology.)
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- 2024
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10. Outcome of 21 dogs treated for the portocaval subtype of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts.
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Swieton N, Weisse C, Zwingenberger AL, Vilaplana Grosso FR, Carroll KA, Scharf VF, Asano K, Wallace ML, Arai S, Lipscomb VJ, Amato NS, Davidson JR, and Aly AM
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Objective: To assess outcomes of dogs with side-to-side portocaval extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (PC-EHPSS) and poor portal perfusion to the liver treated with medical management alone (MM) or surgical attenuation (SA)., Study Design: Multi-institutional retrospective study., Animals: A total of 21 dogs with PC-EHPSS (14/21 MM and 7/21 SA)., Methods: Medical records were reviewed, and data was collected on dogs <12 kg with PC-EHPSS treated with MM or SA between June 2008 to June 2021. Signalment, clinical signs, postoperative complications, bloodwork values, long-term clinical outcome, survival, and owner reported quality of life were recorded., Results: Of 21 dogs included, 10 were mixed breeds and 14 were females. Median age at time of presenting clinical signs was 163 days. At final follow-up examination (median 1119 days), all SA and 6/14 MM dogs were alive, with a median survival time of 2138 days following treatment onset. In surviving MM dogs, outcome was fair in 3/6 and poor in 3/6. In SA dogs with long-term follow-up, outcome was fair in 5/6, and poor in 1/6. A greater proportion of SA dogs had improved bloodwork parameter values at final follow-up examination, and the mean relative change in final bloodwork values was higher when compared to MM dogs., Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that SA has improved clinical outcomes to MM for PC-EHPSS; however, SA clinical outcomes appear worse than those previously reported for other EHPSS., Clinical Significance: This information may have implications for expected outcomes in other EHPSS subtypes associated with severely diminished portal perfusion., (© 2024 American College of Veterinary Surgeons.)
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- 2024
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11. Thoracoscopic removal of cranial mediastinal masses in dogs is associated with a low conversion rate, excellent survival to discharge, and good long-term outcome.
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Carroll KA, Mayhew PD, Culp WTN, Massari F, Peláez MJ, Steffey MA, Giuffrida M, Balsa IM, Gibson EA, Farrell MA, Singh A, Buote N, Scharf VF, Brissot H, and Thomson C
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- Animals, Dogs, Retrospective Studies, Male, Female, Treatment Outcome, Cohort Studies, Survival Analysis, Dog Diseases surgery, Dog Diseases mortality, Mediastinal Neoplasms veterinary, Mediastinal Neoplasms surgery, Mediastinal Neoplasms mortality, Thoracoscopy veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: To report the complications and outcomes associated with thoracoscopic cranial mediastinal mass resection in dogs., Animals: 49 client-owned dogs that underwent thoracoscopic cranial mediastinal mass removal., Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study (January 1, 2014, to July 31, 2023), and the medical records of 49 client-owned dogs that underwent thoracoscopic cranial mediastinal mass removal were reviewed. The signalment, history, clinicopathologic features, perioperative complications, and long-term outcome were recorded., Results: Preoperative myasthenia gravis (MG) and megaesophagus (ME) were identified in 17 of 49 (35%) dogs and 11 of 49 (22%) dogs, respectively. The median maximal tumor diameter on CT images was 4.7 cm (range, 2.7 to 8.5 cm). Nonemergent conversion to an open procedure was necessary in 4 of 49 (8%) dogs, and dogs with conversion to an open procedure had a significantly larger median maximal CT tumor diameter than dogs without conversion (P = .03). The most common tumor type was thymoma (37/49 [76%]). The overall median survival time for dogs with thymoma was 1,102 days (95% CI, 482 to upper bound not reached). The median survival time for dogs with thymoma and concurrent presurgical MG was 182 days (95% CI, 14 to upper bound not reached). Presurgical diagnosis of MG (P = .44) or ME (P = .69) was not associated with survival time., Clinical Relevance: Thoracoscopic removal of cranial mediastinal masses was associated with low conversion and complication rates. Long-term survival is possible, and thoracoscopic removal should be considered for select cases.
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- 2024
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12. Anatomical classification of feline congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts based on CT angiography: A SVSTS and VIRIES multi-institutional study in 231 cats.
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Weisse C, Asano K, Ishigaki K, Lipscomb V, Llanos C, Zwingenberger AL, Carroll KA, Grosso FRV, Stock E, Buote N, Aly A, Murgia D, Arai S, Linden AZ, Gordon J, Manassero M, Schwarz T, Wallace ML, Graham J, Hardie R, Chang Y, Robbins M, Bismuth C, Karnia J, Sterman A, Saunders A, Montinaro V, Guarnera I, McLauchlan G, Černá P, Maurin MP, Aisa J, and An A
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- Animals, Cats, Female, Male, Portal System abnormalities, Portal System diagnostic imaging, Vascular Malformations veterinary, Vascular Malformations diagnostic imaging, Vascular Malformations classification, Computed Tomography Angiography veterinary, Portal Vein abnormalities, Portal Vein diagnostic imaging, Cat Diseases diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
The prevalence of anatomical-based subtypes of feline congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) has not been completely elucidated. The goal of this study was to use CT angiography to create an anatomical-based nomenclature system for feline congenital EHPSS. Additionally, subjective portal perfusion scores were generated to determine if intrinsic portal vein development was associated with different shunt conformations or patient age at the time of CT. The SVSTS and VIRIES list services were used to recruit cases. Data collected included patient DOB, gender, breed, weight, CT date, and reported diagnosis. Shunts were classified based upon (1) the shunt portal vessel(s) of origin, (2) the shunt systemic vessel(s) of insertion, and (3) any substantial portal vessels contributing to the shunt. Additionally, hepatic portal perfusion was subjectively scored between 1 (poor/none) and 5 (good/normal) based on the caliber of the intrahepatic PVs. A total of 264 CT scans were submitted from 29 institutions. Due to exclusion criteria, 33 (13%) were removed, leaving 231 CT scans to be included. Twenty-five different EHPSS anatomies were identified with five classifications accounting for 78% of all shunts (LGP [53%], LGC-post [11%], LCG [7%], LGC-pre [4%], and PC [4%]). Shunt origin involved the left gastric vein in 75% of the described classifications. Significant differences were identified among the five most common shunt types with respect to age at the time of CT scan (P = .002), breed (P < .001), and subjective portal perfusion score (P < .001). This refined anatomical classification system for feline EHPSS may enable improved understanding, treatment comparisons, and outcome prediction for cats with these anomalies., (© 2024 American College of Veterinary Radiology.)
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- 2024
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13. STING promotes homeostatic maintenance of tissues and confers longevity with aging.
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Hopkins JW, Sulka KB, Sawden M, Carroll KA, Brown RD, Bunnell SC, Poltorak A, Tai A, Reed ER, and Sharma S
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Local immune processes within aging tissues are a significant driver of aging associated dysfunction, but tissue-autonomous pathways and cell types that modulate these responses remain poorly characterized. The cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, acting through cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING), is broadly expressed in tissues, and is poised to regulate local type I interferon (IFN-I)-dependent and independent inflammatory processes within tissues. Recent studies suggest that the cGAS/STING pathway may drive pathology in various in vitro and in vivo models of accelerated aging. To date, however, the role of the cGAS/STING pathway in physiological aging processes, in the absence of genetic drivers, has remained unexplored. This remains a relevant gap, as STING is ubiquitously expressed, implicated in multitudinous disorders, and loss of function polymorphisms of STING are highly prevalent in the human population (>50%). Here we reveal that, during physiological aging, STING-deficiency leads to a significant shortening of murine lifespan, increased pro-inflammatory serum cytokines and tissue infiltrates, as well as salient changes in histological composition and organization. We note that aging hearts, livers, and kidneys express distinct subsets of inflammatory, interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), and senescence genes, collectively comprising an immune fingerprint for each tissue. These distinctive patterns are largely imprinted by tissue-specific stromal and myeloid cells. Using cellular interaction network analyses, immunofluorescence, and histopathology data, we show that these immune fingerprints shape the tissue architecture and the landscape of cell-cell interactions in aging tissues. These age-associated immune fingerprints are grossly dysregulated with STING-deficiency, with key genes that define aging STING-sufficient tissues greatly diminished in the absence of STING. Changes in immune signatures are concomitant with a restructuring of the stromal and myeloid fractions, whereby cell:cell interactions are grossly altered and resulting in disorganization of tissue architecture in STING-deficient organs. This altered homeostasis in aging STING-deficient tissues is associated with a cross-tissue loss of homeostatic tissue-resident macrophage (TRM) populations in these tissues. Ex vivo analyses reveal that basal STING-signaling limits the susceptibility of TRMs to death-inducing stimuli and determines their in situ localization in tissue niches, thereby promoting tissue homeostasis. Collectively, these data upend the paradigm that cGAS/STING signaling is primarily pathological in aging and instead indicate that basal STING signaling sustains tissue function and supports organismal longevity. Critically, our study urges caution in the indiscriminate targeting of these pathways, which may result in unpredictable and pathological consequences for health during aging., Competing Interests: DECLARATION OF INTERESTS The authors declare no competing interests.
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- 2024
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14. Mapping multiscale breeding bird species distributions across the United States and evaluating their conservation applications.
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Carroll KA, Pidgeon AM, Elsen PR, Farwell LS, Gudex-Cross D, Zuckerberg B, and Radeloff VC
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- Animals, United States, Ecosystem, Birds
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Species distribution models are vital to management decisions that require understanding habitat use patterns, particularly for species of conservation concern. However, the production of distribution maps for individual species is often hampered by data scarcity, and existing species maps are rarely spatially validated due to limited occurrence data. Furthermore, community-level maps based on stacked species distribution models lack important community assemblage information (e.g., competitive exclusion) relevant to conservation. Thus, multispecies, guild, or community models are often used in conservation practice instead. To address these limitations, we aimed to generate fine-scale, spatially continuous, nationwide maps for species represented in the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) between 1992 and 2019. We developed ensemble models for each species at three spatial resolutions-0.5, 2.5, and 5 km-across the conterminous United States. We also compared species richness patterns from stacked single-species models with those of 19 functional guilds developed using the same data to assess the similarity between predictions. We successfully modeled 192 bird species at 5-km resolution, 160 species at 2.5-km resolution, and 80 species at 0.5-km resolution. However, the species we could model represent only 28%-56% of species found in the conterminous US BBSs across resolutions owing to data limitations. We found that stacked maps and guild maps generally had high correlations across resolutions (median = 84%), but spatial agreement varied regionally by resolution and was most pronounced between the East and West at the 5-km resolution. The spatial differences between our stacked maps and guild maps illustrate the importance of spatial validation in conservation planning. Overall, our species maps are useful for single-species conservation and can support fine-scale decision-making across the United States and support community-level conservation when used in tandem with guild maps. However, there remain data scarcity issues for many species of conservation concern when using the BBS for single-species models., (© 2023 The Authors. Ecological Applications published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America.)
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- 2024
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15. Mapping breeding bird species richness at management-relevant resolutions across the United States.
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Carroll KA, Farwell LS, Pidgeon AM, Razenkova E, Gudex-Cross D, Helmers DP, Lewińska KE, Elsen PR, and Radeloff VC
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- Animals, Biodiversity, Human Activities, Humans, United States, Birds, Ecosystem
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Human activities alter ecosystems everywhere, causing rapid biodiversity loss and biotic homogenization. These losses necessitate coordinated conservation actions guided by biodiversity and species distribution spatial data that cover large areas yet have fine-enough resolution to be management-relevant (i.e., ≤5 km). However, most biodiversity products are too coarse for management or are only available for small areas. Furthermore, many maps generated for biodiversity assessment and conservation do not explicitly quantify the inherent tradeoff between resolution and accuracy when predicting biodiversity patterns. Our goals were to generate predictive models of overall breeding bird species richness and species richness of different guilds based on nine functional or life-history-based traits across the conterminous United States at three resolutions (0.5, 2.5, and 5 km) and quantify the tradeoff between resolution and accuracy and, hence, relevance for management of the resulting biodiversity maps. We summarized 18 years of North American Breeding Bird Survey data (1992-2019) and modeled species richness using random forests, including 66 predictor variables (describing climate, vegetation, geomorphology, and anthropogenic conditions), 20 of which we newly derived. Among the three spatial resolutions, the percentage variance explained ranged from 27% to 60% (median = 54%; mean = 57%) for overall species richness and 12% to 87% (median = 61%; mean = 58%) for our different guilds. Overall species richness and guild-specific species richness were best explained at 5-km resolution using ~24 predictor variables based on percentage variance explained, symmetric mean absolute percentage error, and root mean square error values. However, our 2.5-km-resolution maps were almost as accurate and provided more spatially detailed information, which is why we recommend them for most management applications. Our results represent the first consistent, occurrence-based, and nationwide maps of breeding bird richness with a thorough accuracy assessment that are also spatially detailed enough to inform local management decisions. More broadly, our findings highlight the importance of explicitly considering tradeoffs between resolution and accuracy to create management-relevant biodiversity products for large areas., (© 2022 The Ecological Society of America.)
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- 2022
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16. Consumer Preference for Food Bundles under Cognitive Load: A Grocery Shopping Experiment.
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Carroll KA, Samek A, and Zepeda L
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Product bundling is a common retail marketing strategy. The bundling of food items has the potential to increase profits in the grocery sector, particularly for fresh produce, which often has lower profit margins. Although prior work suggests consumers prefer bundles because they require less cognitive effort to select, no study has yet experimentally manipulated cognitive load when food bundles are included in the choice set. To test whether bundle preference differs when cognitive resources are constrained, a grocery shopping experiment was conducted with 250 consumers in the midwestern U.S., in a laboratory that featured a grocery store display. Consumers who grocery shopped under cognitive load had a higher odds of selecting a food bundle even when the bundle did not offer a price discount. Results suggest food bundles may be preferred because they require less cognitive effort to process, which could benefit consumers by simplifying the grocery shopping experience. Additional factors found to influence food bundle selection included whether the bundled items were perceived as being complementary and hunger levels. Food bundles could help lessen cognitive effort associated with grocery shopping and may especially appeal to those who do not enjoy food shopping.
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- 2022
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17. Dogs ≥ five years of age at the time of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt diagnosis have better long-term outcomes with surgical attenuation than with medical management alone.
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Wallace ML, Grimes JA, Edwards L, Lux CN, Tam C, Dickerson VM, Carroll KA, Scharf VF, Colberg V, Kudej RK, Otomo A, Singh A, Miller A, Regier PJ, Curcillo C, Holt DE, Ogden JA, Arai S, Upchurch DA, Eicher L, Howard J, Hardie RJ, Zellner EM, Milovancev M, Bennett B, Heape N, Matz BM, and Schmiedt CW
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- Animals, Dogs, Portal System abnormalities, Portal System surgery, Retrospective Studies, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Dog Diseases drug therapy, Dog Diseases surgery, Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic veterinary
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Objective: To determine the outcome in dogs diagnosed with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) at ≥ 5 years of age treated with medical management only (M) or with surgical attenuation (S). The hypothesis was that dogs undergoing surgical attenuation would have a longer survival time than dogs undergoing medical management only., Animals: 351 dogs definitively diagnosed with EHPSS at ≥ 5 years of age., Procedures: Medical records from 2009 to 2019 at 16 veterinary teaching hospitals were evaluated. Data collected included signalment, clinical signs at diagnosis, clinicopathologic data, surgical and medical treatments, shunt morphology, clinical signs and medical treatments at 6 to 12 months after diagnosis, and survival time., Results: 351 dogs (M, 119 [33.9%]; S, 232 [66.1%]) were included in the study. Survival time was longer with surgery than medical management (hazard ratio, 4.2; M, 3.4 years; S, 10.9 years). Continued clinical signs at 6 to 12 months after diagnosis were more common with medical management (M, 40% [33/88]; S, 14% [21/155]). Continued medical treatments at 6 to 12 months after diagnosis were more common in the medical management group (M, 78% [69/88]; S, 34% [53/155]). Perioperative mortality rate was 7.3%., Clinical Relevance: Dogs diagnosed at ≥ 5 years of age with EHPSS have significantly better survival times and fewer clinical signs with surgical attenuation, compared with medical management. Older dogs have similar surgical mortality rates to dogs of all ages after surgical EHPSS attenuation.
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- 2022
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18. Systematic prioritization protocol applied to wolverine habitat connectivity.
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Carroll KA
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- Animals, Data Collection, Female, Male, Programming, Linear, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Ecosystem, Models, Biological, Mustelidae physiology
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I describe a prioritization protocol for future wolverine habitat connectivity conservation using integer linear programming. Conservation prioritization has broad applications across scales, systems, and species. However, the process of preparing, generating, and analyzing the necessary data can be complex. Thus, this protocol details the process from data acquisition to implementation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Carroll et al. (2020) and Carroll et al. (2021)., Competing Interests: The author declares no competing interests., (© 2021 The Author(s).)
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- 2021
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19. A framework for collaborative wolverine connectivity conservation.
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Carroll KA, Inman RM, Hansen AJ, Lawrence RL, and Barnett K
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Maintaining connectivity between high-elevation public lands is important for wolverines and other species of conservation concern. This work represents the first effort to prioritize wolverine connectivity under future climate conditions using a systematic conservation planning framework. We optimized 10, 15, 20, and 50% of habitat features for wolverines using integer linear programming. We identified 369 privately owned areas in the 10% solution, 572 in the 15% solution, 822 in the 20% solution, and 3,996 in the 50% solution where voluntary landowner easements would improve the long-term landscape functionality for wolverine connectivity. The median estimated easements ranged from $8,762 to $12,220 across the four solutions (total costs $14,874,371 to $196,346,714). Overall, this effort demonstrates the utility of optimization problems for conserving connectivity, provides a proactive tool to engage potential collaborators, identifies easements that will likely protect various subalpine species, and offers a framework for the conservation of additional species., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2021 The Authors.)
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- 2021
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20. Feasibility of thoracoscopic attenuation of the azygos vein as a model for portoazygos shunts: A canine cadaveric study.
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Carroll KA, Dickson RE, and Scharf VF
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- Animals, Cadaver, Feasibility Studies, Female, Male, Prospective Studies, Azygos Vein surgery, Dogs surgery, Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical veterinary, Thoracoscopy veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of thoracoscopic placement of three vascular attenuation devices by using the azygos vein as a model for portoazygos (PA) shunts and to describe the approach for thoracoscopic placement of these attenuation devices in small breed dogs., Study Design: Randomized, prospective, cadaveric study., Animals: Cadavers of 10 adult small breed dogs., Methods: Cadavers were placed in sternal recumbency with left dorsolateral obliquity, and three thoracoscopic ports were established in the right hemithorax at the mid-10th intercostal space and dorsal third of the ninth and 11th intercostal spaces. The caudal azygos vein was thoracoscopically isolated along three adjacent segments bordered by four intercostal arteries, beginning just cranial to the first intercostal artery visualized cranial to the diaphragm. Three attenuation devices including coated cellophane, uncoated cellophane, and a 5-mm ameroid constrictor were thoracoscopically placed around one segment in each dog. Minor port access modifications were required to improve working space and triangulation in three dogs. Ability to successfully place the device, time required for placement, endoscopic clip configuration, and complications associated with placement were recorded., Results: Median dog weight was 7.7 kg (range, 1.8-11). All attenuation devices were successfully placed thoracoscopically in all cadavers. No difference was detected in time required for placement between the ameroid constrictor and coated and uncoated cellophane (range, 2.3-33.8 minutes, P = .8)., Conclusion: Ameroid constrictors and thin film bands were consistently placed via thoracoscopy around the caudal azygos vein of small breed dogs., Clinical Significance: These results justify further investigation of thoracoscopic PA shunt attenuation in affected dogs., (© 2020 American College of Veterinary Surgeons.)
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- 2021
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21. Ligation of the Maxillary Artery Prior to Caudal Maxillectomy in the Dog-A Description of the Technique, Retrospective Evaluation of Blood Loss, and Cadaveric Evaluation of Maxillary Artery Anatomy.
- Author
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Carroll KA and Mathews KG
- Abstract
Two different surgical techniques have been described for performing caudal maxillectomies in dogs including the intraoral (IO) and combined dorsolateral and intraoral (DL-IO) approach. Hemorrhage is the most common intraoperative complication reported during these procedures as maxillary arterial ligation is not performed until after all osteotomies and mobilization of tumor-bearing bone. The objectives of this study were to describe a modified approach for caudal maxillectomy in the dog involving preligation of the maxillary artery, to retrospectively evaluate the ability of this modified approach to limit hemorrhage in a cohort of 22 dogs, and to clarify the vascular anatomy of the maxillary artery and its branches in relation to associated nerves. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for cases that had caudal maxillectomy via a combined approach (with or without preligation of the maxillary artery) from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2019. Twenty-two cases were identified, six without, and 16 with arterial preligation, respectively. Osteotomies were completed with a high-speed handpiece and rotary bur ( n = 18), or oscillating bone saw ( n = 4). All six (100%) dogs in the traditional DL-IO group developed hypotension under general anesthesia. Four (67%) of these required intraoperative blood transfusions, one of which required an additional postoperative blood transfusion. In contrast, only one of 16 (6%) dogs in the modified DL-IO group required an intraoperative blood transfusion, and only three (19%) developed hypotension. Moreover, a significant association was detected between postoperative PCV and the two different surgical approaches ( P = 0.021). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of preligation of the maxillary artery in preventing hemorrhage in caudal maxillectomies in dogs and this represents an improvement in outcome over previously reported studies. Decreased intraoperative hemorrhage may improve surgical exposure and decrease overall patient morbidity., (Copyright © 2020 Carroll and Mathews.)
- Published
- 2020
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22. Tumor size as a predictor of lymphatic invasion in oral melanomas of dogs.
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Carroll KA, Kuntz CA, Heller J, Peters A, Rotne R, and Dunn A
- Subjects
- Animals, Australia, Dogs, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Dog Diseases, Melanoma veterinary, Mouth Neoplasms veterinary, Skin Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate putative associations between oral melanoma size and variables of histologic grade such as mitotic index, nuclear atypia, junctional activity, ulceration, lymphatic invasion, and degree of pigmentation., Sample: 59 samples of oral melanomas from dogs sourced from 6 diagnostic laboratories within Australia., Procedures: The size of each melanoma was microscopically measured, and each sample was evaluated for variables of histologic grade including mitotic index, nuclear atypia, junctional activity, ulceration, lymphatic invasion, and degree of pigmentation by a veterinary pathologist. The association between tumor size and histologic outcomes was then statistically evaluated., Results: A significant relationship was identified between the size of oral melanomas and a single variable of histologic grade, lymphatic invasion, with larger tumors more likely to show lymphatic invasion. Further analysis revealed 2 applicable size thresholds for different clinical scenarios. Results indicated lymphatic invasion can confidently be ruled out for tumors < 6.5 mm in diameter (100% sensitivity) and ruled in for tumors ≥ 24.5 mm in diameter (100% specificity)., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: An association was found for oral melanomas of dogs between tumor size and lymphatic invasion.
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- 2020
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23. Evaluation of modified team-based learning activities on student performance on therapeutic assessments.
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Falter RA, Ealey MR, and Carroll KA
- Subjects
- Educational Status, Humans, Patient Care Team standards, Students, Pharmacy statistics & numerical data, Curriculum standards, Educational Measurement methods, Needs Assessment standards, Program Evaluation methods
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: To determine if changing the focus of team-based learning (TBL) grading from written to verbal responses impacted students' exam performance in those subjects and to assess student perception of utilization of course time., Educational Activity and Setting: Assessment data from two consecutive respiratory therapeutics semesters was analyzed. These were the classes immediately before and after the TBL structural change. All data were de-identified, and student performance was assessed based on exam scores in each major subject that was covered by a TBL activity. Letter grades and student course evaluations were also compared., Findings: One hundred fifty-two students were assessed. There was no significant difference in overall course grades between semesters. There was improvement in exam scores for allergic rhinitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.001) and a decrease in exam scores for respiratory devices (p = 0.03). Total exam scores and other therapeutic topic scores demonstrated no differences. Student satisfaction in regard to having sufficient course time improved (p = 0.016)., Discussion: Overall, students performed equally well in the class when removing the graded written portion of the TBL activity. There was also a trend towards improved student satisfaction after this modification., Summary: The change in TBL grading was successful in improving students' perceptions of the course without impacting their overall course grades, demonstrating that the TBL structure can be altered without losing the positive learning outcomes., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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24. Food bundling as a health nudge: Investigating consumer fruit and vegetable selection using behavioral economics.
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Carroll KA, Samek A, and Zepeda L
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- Adult, Commerce, Diet, Healthy economics, Female, Food Supply economics, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Choice Behavior, Consumer Behavior economics, Economics, Behavioral, Food Preferences, Fruit economics, Health Behavior, Vegetables economics
- Abstract
Displaying bundles of healthy foods at the grocery store is a health nudge that simplifies shopping and may have the potential for increasing fruit and vegetable (F&V) purchasing. To evaluate the impact of food bundling, we conduct an artefactual field experiment with community participants in a laboratory set up as a grocery store. Dual-self theory suggests that food choices may differ depending on whether shoppers are under cognitive load - in our experiment, we exogenously vary whether bundles are displayed (with and without a price discount) and whether shoppers are under cognitive load. Our findings align with prior studies that suggest unhealthy options are more likely to be selected when cognitive resources are constrained. When bundles are displayed, we observe increased F&V purchasing. We also observe a significant interaction between cognitive load and price discounting. We find discounted bundles are more effective in the absence of cognitive load, but non-discounted bundles are more effective when shoppers are under cognitive load. Although more research is warranted, our findings suggest that when shopping under cognitive load, it is possible that discounts impose additional cognitive strain on the shopping experience. For retailers and policymakers, our results point to the potential power of bundling as a strategy for increasing healthy food purchasing., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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25. Improvement of Pediatric Drug Development: Regulatory and Practical Frameworks.
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Tsukamoto K, Carroll KA, Onishi T, Matsumaru N, Brasseur D, and Nakamura H
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- Child, Drug Labeling, European Union, Humans, Japan, Pediatrics, United States, Drug Design, Off-Label Use
- Abstract
Purpose: A dearth in pediatric drug development often leaves pediatricians with no alternative but to prescribe unlicensed or off-label drugs with a resultant increased risk of adverse events. We present the current status of pediatric drug development and, based on our data analysis, clarify the problems in this area. Further action is proposed to improve the drug development that has pediatric therapeutic orphan status., Methods: We analyzed all Phase II/III and Phase III trials in ClinicalTrials.gov that only included pediatric participants (<18 years old) between 2006 and 2014. Performance index, an indicator of pediatric drug development, was calculated by dividing the annual number of pediatric clinical trials by million pediatric populations acquired from Census.gov. Effects of the 2 Japanese premiums introduced in 2010, for the enhancement of pediatric drug development, were analyzed by comparing mean performance index prepremiums (2006-2009) and postpremiums (2010-2014) among Japan, the European Union, and the United States. The European Union Clinical Trials Register and published reports from the European Medicines Agency were also surveyed to investigate the Paediatric Committee effect on pediatric clinical trials in the European Union., Findings: Mean difference of the performance index in prepremiums and postpremiums between Japan and the European Union were 0.296 (P < 0.001) and 0.066 (P = 0.498), respectively. Those between Japan and the United States were 0.560 (P < 0.001) and 0.281 (P = 0.002), indicating that pediatric drug development in Japan was more active after the introduction of these premiums, even reaching the level of the European Union. The Pediatric Regulation and the Paediatric Committee promoted pediatric drug development in the European Union. The registered number of clinical trials that includes at least 1 participants <18 years old in the European Union Clinical Trials Register increased by 247 trials (from 672) in the 1000 days after regulation. The ratio of pediatric clinical trials with an approved Paediatric Investigation Plan increased to >15% after 2008., Implications: Recruitment and ethical obstacles make conducting pediatric clinical trials challenging. An improved operational framework for conducting clinical trials should mirror the ever-improving regulatory framework that incentivizes investment in pediatric clinical trials. Technological approaches, enhancements in electronic medical record systems, and community approaches that actively incorporate input from physicians, researchers, and patients could offer a sustainable solution to recruitment of pediatric study participants. The key therefore is to improve pediatric pharmacotherapy collaboration among industry, government, academia, and community. Expanding the regulatory steps taken in the European Union, United States, and Japan and using innovative clinical trial tools can move pediatric pharmacotherapy out of its current therapeutic orphan state., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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26. Managing acute coronary syndromes in the elderly.
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Carroll KA, Early NK, and Tsu LV
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- Acute Coronary Syndrome epidemiology, Aged, Humans, Myocardial Infarction epidemiology, Pharmaceutical Services organization & administration, Prevalence, Professional Role, Acute Coronary Syndrome drug therapy, Myocardial Infarction drug therapy, Pharmacists organization & administration
- Abstract
Objective: To provide an up-to-date review of the available evidence regarding treatment of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in elderly patients., Data Source: A PubMed search of articles published through January 2015 was done using a combination of the following words: acute coronary syndrome, pharmacy, elderly, geriatric, myocardial infarction, beta-blocker, statin, antiplatelet, antithrombin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and aspirin., Study Selection/data Extraction: Relevant original research, review articles, and guidelines were assessed for the management of elderly patients with ACS. References from the above literature were also evaluated. Articles were selected for inclusion based on relevance to the topic, detailed methods, and complete results., Data Synthesis: Because of the high prevalence of ACS in elderly patients, appropriate treatment is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality; however, these patients are often under-represented in trials. This article provides a review of the current literature on treatment of ACS in the elderly and provides guidance to pharmacists regarding optimal pharmacotherapy for these patients., Conclusion: Appropriate treatment of ACS can help improve outcomes in elderly patients, and the pharmacist can provide guidance regarding evidence-based therapy.
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- 2015
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27. Direct hospital cost determinants following hip and knee arthroplasty.
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Peel TN, Cheng AC, Liew D, Buising KL, Lisik J, Carroll KA, Choong PF, and Dowsey MM
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- Aged, Ambulatory Care economics, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip adverse effects, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip trends, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee adverse effects, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee trends, Cost Savings, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Length of Stay economics, Male, Middle Aged, Operative Time, Patient Readmission economics, Postoperative Complications economics, Postoperative Complications therapy, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Victoria, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip economics, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee economics, Hospital Costs trends
- Abstract
Objective: Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) places a significant economic burden on health care resources. This cohort study examines the costs associated with arthroplasty in 827 patients undergoing hip and knee TJA from January 2011 to June 2012 at a single center in Melbourne, Australia., Methods: Data included total inpatient, outpatient, and readmissions costs in the 30 days following TJA. Factors associated with cost were modeled using negative binomial regression and extrapolated to the Australian population., Results: The base cost (i.e., the cost for a patient with no modifying factors) over the first 30 days following TJA was $13,060 Australian (AU) (interquartile range $12,126-14,067 AU). The median length of stay was 4 days (range 2-33 days) and 35 patients (4%) were readmitted in the first 30 days following index TJA, the majority of whom had a surgical site infection (SSI) (74%). The following factors were independently associated with increased costs: SSI, preoperative warfarin therapy, American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or 4, hip TJA, increasing operation time, increasing postoperative blood transfusion requirements, other nosocomial infections, postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE), pressure ulcers, postoperative confusion, and acute urinary retention. Based on data from the present study, the cost of TJA in Australia is estimated to exceed $1 billion AU per year. Preventable postoperative complications were major cost drivers: SSI and VTE added a further $97 million AU and $66 million AU, respectively, to arthroplasty costs in the first 30 days following surgery., Conclusion: This unique study has identified important factors influencing TJA costs and providing guidance for future research and resource allocation., (© 2015, American College of Rheumatology.)
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- 2015
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28. The plastic-associated microorganisms of the North Pacific Gyre.
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Carson HS, Nerheim MS, Carroll KA, and Eriksen M
- Subjects
- Environmental Monitoring, Pacific Ocean, Plankton classification, Plankton growth & development, Plastics metabolism, Water Movements, Water Pollutants, Chemical metabolism, Plastics analysis, Water Microbiology, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Microorganisms likely mediate processes affecting the fate and impacts of marine plastic pollution, including degradation, chemical adsorption, and colonization or ingestion by macroorganisms. We investigated the relationship between plastic-associated microorganism communities and factors such as location, temperature, salinity, plankton abundance, plastic concentration, item size, surface roughness, and polymer type. Small plastic items from the surface of the North Pacific Gyre in 2011 were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Bacillus bacteria (mean 1664 ± 247 individuals mm(-2)) and pennate diatoms (1097 ± 154 mm(-2)) were most abundant, with coccoid bacteria, centric diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophores, and radiolarians present. Bacterial abundance was patchy, but increased on foamed polystyrene. Diatom abundance increased on items with rough surfaces and at sites with high plastic concentrations. Morphotype richness increased slightly on larger fragments, and a biogeographic transition occurred between pennate diatom groups. Better characterizing this community will aid in understanding how it interacts with plastic pollution., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
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29. Characteristics and Causes for Non-Accrued Clinical Research (NACR) at an Academic Medical Institution.
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Tice DG, Carroll KA, Bhatt KH, Belknap SM, Mai D, Gipson HJ, and West DP
- Abstract
Background: The impact of non-accrued clinical research (NACR) represents an important economic burden that is under consideration as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services looks into reforming the regulations governing IRB review. NACR refers to clinical research projects that fail to enroll subjects. A delineation of the issues surrounding NACR is expected to enhance subject accrual and to minimize occurrence of NACR. The authors assessed demographics, characteristics, and reasons for NACR at an academic medical center, including time trends, funding source, research team (principal investigator, department), IRB resource utilization (IRB level of review, number of required IRB reviews, initial IRB turn-around time, and duration of NACR)., Methods: The authors analyzed data from 848 clinical research study closures during 2010 and 2011 to determine proportion, incidence, and characteristics of NACR. Studies with subject enrollment during the same time period were used as a comparative measure., Results: Data from 704 (83.0%) study closures reported enrollment of 1 or more subjects while 144 (17.0 %) reported NACR (zero enrollment). PI-reported reasons for NACR included: 32 (22.2%) contract or funding issues; 43 (30.0%) insufficient study-dedicated resources; 41 (28.4%) recruitment issues; 17 (11.8%) sponsor-initiated study closure and 11 (7.6%) were "other/reason unreported"., Conclusions: NACR is not uncommon, affecting about one in six clinical research projects in the study population and reported to be more common in some other institutions. The complex and fluid nature of research conduct, non-realistic enrollment goals, and delays in both the approval and/or accrual processes contribute to NACR. Results suggest some simple strategies that investigators and institutions may use to reduce NACR, including careful feasibility assessment, reduction of institutional delays, and prompt initiation of subject accrual for multi-center studies using competitive enrollment. Institutional action to support investigators in the conduct clinical research is also encouraged to reduce likelihood of NACR.
- Published
- 2013
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30. Transcriptional activation of TINF2, a gene encoding the telomere-associated protein TIN2, by Sp1 and NF-κB factors.
- Author
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Xin ZT, Carroll KA, Kumar N, Song K, and Ly H
- Subjects
- Animals, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, Cell Line, Cloning, Molecular, Drosophila, Gene Expression Regulation, HeLa Cells, Humans, Luciferases metabolism, Mice, Mutation genetics, Promoter Regions, Genetic genetics, Protein Binding, Reproducibility of Results, Telomere-Binding Proteins metabolism, Transcription, Genetic, NF-kappa B metabolism, Sp1 Transcription Factor metabolism, Telomere metabolism, Telomere-Binding Proteins genetics, Transcriptional Activation genetics
- Abstract
The expression of the telomere-associated protein TIN2 has been shown to be essential for early embryonic development in mice and for development of a variety of human malignancies. Recently, germ-line mutations in TINF2, which encodes for the TIN2 protein, have been identified in a number of patients with bone-marrow failure syndromes. Yet, the molecular mechanisms that regulate TINF2 expression are largely unknown. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in human TINF2 regulation, we cloned a 2.7 kb genomic DNA fragment containing the putative promoter region and, through deletion analysis, identified a 406 bp region that functions as a minimal promoter. This promoter proximal region is predicted to contain several putative Sp1 and NF-κB binding sites based on bioinformatic analysis. Direct binding of the Sp1 and NF-κB transcription factors to the TIN2 promoter sequence was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and/or chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Transfection of a plasmid carrying the Sp1 transcription factor into Sp-deficient SL2 cells strongly activated TIN2 promoter-driven luciferase reporter expression. Similarly, the NF-κB molecules p50 and p65 were found to strongly activate luciferase expression in NF-κB knockout MEFs. Mutating the predicted transcription factor binding sites effectively reduced TIN2 promoter activity. Various known chemical inhibitors of Sp1 and NF-κB could also strongly inhibit TIN2 transcriptional activity. Collectively, our results demonstrate the important roles that Sp1 and NF-κB play in regulating the expression of the human telomere-binding protein TIN2, which can shed important light on its possible role in causing various forms of human diseases and cancers.
- Published
- 2011
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31. Functional characterization of mutations in the promoter proximal region of the telomerase hTERC gene identified in patients with hematological disorders.
- Author
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Carroll KA and Ly H
- Abstract
Telomerase RNA gene (hTERC) mutations have been identified in a subset of patients with bone-marrow failure syndromes (BMFS). While most of the mutations were found in the coding region of hTERC, some rare disease-associated mutations as well as polymorphic sequence changes were found in the promoter proximal region of the gene, including the -99C/G sequence change that was thought to modulate hTERC gene expression by disrupting Sp1 transcriptional factor binding [1]. We and other researchers recently identified, in addition to the -99C/G mutation, several other sequence variations (-240delCT, -714+C insertion, and -771A/G) in the hTERC promoter in other cohorts of patients with blood disorders. Using a convenient telomerase reconstitution assay coupled with the hTERC-promoter driven luciferase reporter assay, we characterized each of the hTERC's promoter sequence variants and found that these rare sequence changes did not negatively affect telomerase gene expression or function. We therefore conclude that all known mutations in the promoter proximal region of the hTERC gene to date do not necessarily contribute to the pathogenesis of hematological disorders by directly affecting telomerase transcriptional activity and/or its enzymatic function.
- Published
- 2011
32. The Ras oncogene signals centrosome amplification in mammary epithelial cells through cyclin D1/Cdk4 and Nek2.
- Author
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Zeng X, Shaikh FY, Harrison MK, Adon AM, Trimboli AJ, Carroll KA, Sharma N, Timmers C, Chodosh LA, Leone G, and Saavedra HI
- Subjects
- Animals, Apoptosis genetics, Cell Proliferation, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic genetics, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Centrosome pathology, Cyclin D1 metabolism, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 metabolism, Epithelial Cells metabolism, Epithelial Cells pathology, Female, Fibrocystic Breast Disease genetics, Fibrocystic Breast Disease metabolism, Genes, ras genetics, Humans, Mammary Glands, Animal pathology, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, NIMA-Related Kinases, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Signal Transduction genetics, Signal Transduction physiology, Centrosome metabolism, Cyclin D1 physiology, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 physiology, Genes, ras physiology, Mammary Glands, Animal metabolism, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases physiology
- Abstract
Centrosome amplification (CA) contributes to carcinogenesis by generating aneuploidy. Elevated frequencies of CA in most benign breast lesions and primary tumors suggest a causative role for CA in breast cancers. Clearly, identifying which and how altered signal transduction pathways contribute to CA is crucial to breast cancer control. Although a causative and cooperative role for c-Myc and Ras in mammary tumorigenesis is well documented, their ability to generate CA during mammary tumor initiation remains unexplored. To answer that question, K-Ras(G12D) and c-Myc were induced in mouse mammary glands. Although CA was observed in mammary tumors initiated by c-Myc or K-Ras(G12D), it was detected only in premalignant mammary lesions expressing K-Ras(G12D). CA, both in vivo and in vitro, was associated with increased expression of the centrosome-regulatory proteins, cyclin D1 and Nek2. Abolishing the expression of cyclin D1, Cdk4 or Nek2 in MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells expressing H-Ras(G12V) abrogated Ras-induced CA, whereas silencing cyclin E1 or B2 had no effect. Thus, we conclude that CA precedes mammary tumorigenesis, and interfering with centrosome-regulatory targets suppresses CA.
- Published
- 2010
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33. Perianal Bowen disease in a child with human immunodeficiency virus.
- Author
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Carroll KA, Pierce J, and Kovarik CL
- Subjects
- Anus Neoplasms pathology, Bowen's Disease pathology, Carcinoma in Situ pathology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Child, Humans, Male, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Anus Neoplasms virology, Bowen's Disease virology, Carcinoma in Situ virology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell virology, HIV Infections complications, Papillomavirus Infections etiology, Skin Neoplasms virology
- Abstract
Individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers of the anogenital region. A majority of these cancers have been reported in adult patients; few reports are available regarding anogenital HPV-associated carcinomas developing in children. We report a case of perianal Bowen disease in an HIV-positive child. An 8-year-old HIV-positive boy with a history of perianal verrucous lesions presented to a clinic in Lesotho because his caregiver noted his lesions were changing in color, texture, and extent. Histologic sections revealed squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Several cases of anogenital condyloma in HIV-positive children have been reported, but very few cases of HPV-associated cancer. Children with vertically transmitted HIV may be uniquely susceptible to persistent infection with strains of HPV acquired perinatally. While the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has resulted in immune restoration, decreased opportunistic infection, and increased life expectancy for children and adults with HIV, it has not affected the incidence of HPV-related cancers in these patients. The increased life expectancy of children with HIV may actually put them at risk for developing an HPV-related anogenital cancer.
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- 2010
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34. Telomere dysfunction in human diseases: the long and short of it!
- Author
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Carroll KA and Ly H
- Abstract
It has been over one hundred years since the first reported case of dyskeratosis congenita (DC) and over twenty since the discovery of telomerase, an enzyme that adds telomeric DNA repeats to chromosome ends. Emerging evidence suggests that telomere dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DC and other human disorders involving tissues that require rapid repair and renewal capacities. Yet we still do not fully understand how mutations in telomere maintenance genes contribute to disease development in affected individuals. In this review, we provide an up-to-date summary of the topic by discussing the results from genetic screens of patients, in vitro mutational analysis of involved molecules, and genetically engineered mouse models. While these data shed important light on the mechanisms underlying disease development, further investigation, particularly in an in vivo setting, is needed.
- Published
- 2009
35. Valacyclovir-induced psychosis and manic symptoms in an adolescent young woman with genital herpes simplex.
- Author
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Aslam SP, Carroll KA, Naz B, and Alao AO
- Subjects
- Acyclovir adverse effects, Acyclovir therapeutic use, Adolescent, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Bipolar Disorder diagnosis, Bipolar Disorder drug therapy, Female, Humans, Psychoses, Substance-Induced drug therapy, Recurrence, Risperidone therapeutic use, Valacyclovir, Valine adverse effects, Valine therapeutic use, Acyclovir analogs & derivatives, Antiviral Agents adverse effects, Bipolar Disorder chemically induced, Herpes Genitalis drug therapy, Psychoses, Substance-Induced diagnosis, Valine analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Background: Genital herpes is a common and painful infection. Its prevalence within the United States is estimated to be 40 million to 60 million people. Three medications, acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir, have been shown to reduce the duration and severity of the disease., Objective: The authors report on the first known case of valacyclovir-induced psychosis with symptoms of mania in a young woman with no previous psychiatric history., Method: The patient presented with irritable mood and grandiose delusions 72 hours after starting valacyclovir for genital herpes. Valacyclovir treatment was stopped, and risperidone was initiated., Results: The symptoms continued after stopping the valacyclovir, but improved with risperidone., Discussion: There are reports of neuropsychiatric side effects with valacyclovir's structural analogs in elderly patients with renal dysfunction. Clinicians should be aware that valacyclovir may induce psychosis with manic presentation in young, healthy patients without a psychiatric history.
- Published
- 2009
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36. IL-6 release by LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a potential biomarker in Alzheimer's disease.
- Author
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Kaplin A, Carroll KA, Cheng J, Allie R, Lyketsos CG, Calabresi P, and Rosenberg PB
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amyloid beta-Peptides immunology, Biomarkers blood, Female, Humans, Male, Microglia immunology, Neuropsychological Tests, Peptide Fragments immunology, Predictive Value of Tests, Alzheimer Disease diagnosis, Alzheimer Disease immunology, Interleukin-6 blood, Lipopolysaccharides immunology, Monocytes immunology
- Published
- 2009
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37. Identification and functional characterization of novel telomerase variant alleles in Japanese patients with bone-marrow failure syndromes.
- Author
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Junko T, Ly H, Yamaguchi H, Carroll KA, Fumiko K, Kazuhiro S, Yoshio M, Ayako W, Seiji G, Koiti I, and Dan K
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alleles, Bone Marrow enzymology, Bone Marrow metabolism, Bone Marrow Diseases epidemiology, Female, Humans, Japan epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Epidemiology, Mutation, Polymorphism, Genetic, Syndrome, Telomere metabolism, Bone Marrow Diseases genetics, RNA genetics, Telomerase genetics
- Abstract
As the incidence of bone-marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) is 2-3x higher in East Asia than in the West, we examined peripheral blood or marrow cells of 100 Japanese patients for possible pathogenic mutations in the two main components of the telomere-synthesizing enzyme telomerase (hTERC RNA and hTERT protein) that have recently been implicated in the disease pathogenesis. We analyzed samples collected from 34 patients with acquired aplastic anemia (AA), 66 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and 120 healthy controls. In addition to two polymorphic germ-line sequence changes (n-771A/G and n-714 C insertion) in the promoter region of hTERC and eleven hTERT polymorphisms that were identified in both patients and healthy individuals, we found a novel germ-line C323T mutation in the hTERC RNA in an MDS patient only. This heterozygous C323T mutation abolished telomerase enzymatic activity and functioned in a haploinsufficiency manner to modulate telomerase activity in cells. In summary, this study reports a novel telomerase natural variant that abolishes telomerase function, which may lead to telomere shortening and marrow hypocellularity in patients with BMFS. This study also highlights the rarity of genetic alterations in BMFS patients in Japan, which suggests that other factors may play a more prominent role in the disease pathogenesis in East Asia.
- Published
- 2008
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38. Total synthesis of (-)-hennoxazole A.
- Author
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Smith TE, Kuo WH, Balskus EP, Bock VD, Roizen JL, Theberge AB, Carroll KA, Kurihara T, and Wessler JD
- Subjects
- Antiviral Agents chemistry, Molecular Conformation, Oxazoles chemistry, Stereoisomerism, Antiviral Agents chemical synthesis, Oxazoles chemical synthesis
- Abstract
An enantioselective, convergent total synthesis of the antiviral marine natural product (-)-hennoxazole A is completed in 14 steps (longest linear sequence) from commercially available 4-methyloxazole-2-carboxylic acid. Synthesis of the C(1)-C(15) pyran/bisoxazole fragment takes advantage of an aldol-like coupling between a dimethyl acetal and an N-acetylthiazolidinethione for the direct, stereoselective installation of the C(8)-methoxy-bearing stereocenter. A one-pot acetoacetate acylation/decarboxylation/cyclodehydration of another elaborate thiazolidinethione allows for rapid assembly of the pyran-based ring system. Synthesis of the C(15)-C(25) skipped triene side chain fragment makes use of a [2,3]-Wittig-Still rearrangement for efficient installation of the trisubstituted Z-double bond. Key late-stage coupling of the two fragments is effected by deprotonation of the methyl group on the bisoxazole system using lithium diethylamide, followed by alkylation with an allylic bromide side chain segment to form the C(15)-C(16) bond.
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- 2008
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39. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of depression in multiple sclerosis: neuroinflammatory, neuroendocrine, and neurotrophic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated depression.
- Author
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Pucak ML, Carroll KA, Kerr DA, and Kaplin AI
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain immunology, Brain pathology, Brain physiopathology, Cytokines immunology, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System immunology, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System physiopathology, Interferons adverse effects, Multiple Sclerosis complications, Pituitary-Adrenal System immunology, Pituitary-Adrenal System physiopathology, Stress, Psychological immunology, Stress, Psychological physiopathology, Stress, Psychological psychology, Depressive Disorder immunology, Depressive Disorder physiopathology, Immune System physiopathology, Multiple Sclerosis immunology, Multiple Sclerosis psychology
- Abstract
Evidence suggests that depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) is largely biologically mediated by some of the same processes involved in the immunopathogenesis of this neurologic disease. In particular, the increase in proinflammatory cytokines, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and reduction in neurotrophic factors that occur in MS may each account for the increased rate of depression seen in MS. The possible contributions of these neuroinflammatory, neuroendocrine, and neurotrophic mechanisms suggest a diverse array of novel treatment strategies for depression, both in the context of inflammatory conditions as well as in idiopathic depression. Furthermore, if such processes in MS play a causative role in the pathogenesis of depression, and depression in turn has affects on neurophysiological processes related to immune function, then treatment of depression might have a positive effect on MS disease progression. This makes treating MS depression a neuropsychiatric imperative.
- Published
- 2007
40. Embarking on a journey: Implementing bar coding.
- Author
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Carroll KA, Owen KL, and Ward M
- Subjects
- Communication, Computers, Inservice Training, Institutional Management Teams, Pilot Projects, Planning Techniques, Point-of-Care Systems, Electronic Data Processing
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Dermatology and the changing face of medicine.
- Author
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Carroll KA
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. What is managed care anyway?
- Author
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Schwab AP, Carroll KA, and Wynia MK
- Subjects
- Humans, Terminology as Topic, Managed Care Programs, Physician-Patient Relations
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The complexities of everyday illness.
- Author
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Carroll KA
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Does how we ask for organs determine whether people decide to donate?
- Author
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Carroll KA
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Versatile asymmetric synthesis of the kavalactones: first synthesis of (+)-kavain.
- Author
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Smith TE, Djang M, Velander AJ, Downey CW, Carroll KA, and Van Alphen S
- Subjects
- Catalysis, Indicators and Reagents, Organometallic Compounds chemistry, Palladium chemistry, Stereoisomerism, Tin chemistry, Lactones chemical synthesis, Pyrones chemical synthesis
- Abstract
[reaction: see text] Three asymmetric pathways to the kavalactones have been developed. The first method is chiral auxiliary-based and utilizes aldol reactions of N-acetyl thiazolidinethiones followed by a malonate displacement/decarboxylation reaction. The second approach uses the asymmetric catalytic Mukaiyama additions of dienolate nucleophile equivalents developed by Carreira and Sato. Finally, tin-substituted intermediates, prepared by either of these routes, can serve as advanced general precursors of kavalactone derivatives via Pd(0)-catalyzed Stille couplings with aryl halides.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Relationships between five factor personality variables, workplace accidents, and self-efficacy.
- Author
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Cellar DF, Yorke CM, Nelson ZC, and Carroll KA
- Subjects
- Accidents, Occupational prevention & control, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Psychometrics, Social Behavior, Statistics as Topic, Students psychology, Accidents, Occupational psychology, Personality Inventory statistics & numerical data, Self Efficacy
- Abstract
Past research has examined the relationships between personality variables and workplace accidents; however, few studies have examined these relationships using the Five Factor Model of personality and trait-state relationships have not been examined in this context. The present study was undertaken to examine the relationships between personality characteristics based on the Five Factor Model, workplace accidents, and self-efficacy. To examine these relationships, personality, workplace accident, and self-efficacy data were collected from 202 undergraduate volunteers (134 women and 68 men) at a large midwestern urban university. The mean age of participants was 20.9 yr. (SD=5.0). The results indicated that scores on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were significantly correlated with workplace accidents as were the self-efficacy variables. Neuroticism and Agreeableness were significantly related to self-efficacy.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. An international human becoming hermeneutic study of Tom Hegg's A cup of Christmas Tea.
- Author
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Baumann SL, Carroll KA, Damgaard GA, Millar B, and Welch AJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Medicine in Literature, Nursing Theory, Poetry as Topic
- Abstract
This article seeks to contribute to human becoming theory and to nursing by providing an international human becoming hermeneutic study of Thomas Hegg's A Cup of Christmas Tea. The human becoming hermeneutic method was used in this study to discover emergent meanings about human experiences. Guided by the method, the authors discovered three emergent meanings: honoring the cherished; communing with the was, is, and will be; and triumphing with new vision. These meanings were synthesized by the authors. A Cup of Christmas Tea is the story of the way triumphing with new vision arises with honoring the cherished in communing with the was, is, and will be. The conclusion for families and nurses is that by remaining open to all possibilities that exist in each now, moments of serendipitous togetherness can transform human trepidation and negative views of later life.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Consistency and change in the behavior of rhesus macaque abusive mothers with successive infants.
- Author
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Maestripieri D, Tomaszycki M, and Carroll KA
- Subjects
- Animals, Chi-Square Distribution, Data Collection, Female, Macaca mulatta, Male, Parenting psychology, Recurrence, Sex Factors, Aggression psychology, Behavior, Animal, Maternal Behavior psychology
- Abstract
This study investigated the abusive behavior and parenting styles of 7 rhesus macaque mothers with infants born in 2 consecutive years. All subjects lived in captive social groups and were observed during the first 12 weeks of infant life. With the exception of 1 individual, mothers were generally consistent in the frequency with which they abused their successive infants. Similarities were also found in the temporal course of infant abuse, the use of the most common pattern of abuse, and some measures of parenting style, notably those reflecting maternal protectiveness. The findings of this study are discussed in relation to different hypothesized relationships between infant abuse and parenting style in macaques.
- Published
- 1999
49. Infant abuse and neglect in monkeys--a discussion of definitions, epidemiology, etiology, and implications for child maltreatment: reply to Cicchetti (1998) and Mason (1998)
- Author
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Carroll KA and Maestripieri D
- Subjects
- Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Macaca psychology, Behavior, Animal physiology, Child Abuse psychology, Child Abuse statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
In response to D. Cicchetti's (1998) and W. A. Mason's (1998) commentaries, this article scrutinizes infant maltreatment in monkeys and its public health implications. Studies of infant abuse and neglect in monkeys have used operational definitions based on (a) adult behavior or (b) adult behavior and infant outcome (depending on data available for analysis). Direct comparisons between the incidence of maltreatment in monkey and human populations can be only tentative as a result of differences in operational definitions of maltreatment. A simplified version of the ecological-transactional model of maltreatment can be used in research with nonhuman primates, and different species can be used to model different aspects of the human phenomenon. Although abuse and neglect take different forms in animals and humans, research with animal models can make an important contribution to elucidating the adaptive function, if any, of child maltreatment and the proximate mechanisms underlying its occurrence.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Child abuse and neglect: usefulness of the animal data.
- Author
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Maestripieri D and Carroll KA
- Subjects
- Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Macaca psychology, Behavior, Animal physiology, Child Abuse psychology
- Abstract
This article reviews and critically discusses the relevance of animal data to research on child abuse and neglect. Although parental investment theory can be useful in investigating the adaptiveness, if any, of child abuse and neglect, the evolutionary approach also has some limitations. The most suitable animal models for investigating the psychosocial processes underlying child abuse and neglect are probably found among the nonhuman primates. Whereas the heuristic value of social deprivation paradigms may be limited, recent studies suggest that the spontaneous occurrence of infant maltreatment in monkeys may be the closest approximation to child maltreatment provided by nonhuman animals. The investigation of adaptive and maladaptive processes in the parenting behavior of socially living nonhuman primates can inform research on child abuse and neglect and allow investigators to conduct studies that would be difficult or impossible in humans.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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