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2,102 results on '"Caruso, M."'

1. Equivalent quantum systems

Author

Caruso, M.

Subjects
Physics - General Physics
Abstract

We have studied quantum systems on finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces and found that all these systems are connected through local transformations. Actually, we have shown that these transformations give rise to a gauge group that connects the Hamiltonian operators associated with each quantum system. This bridge allows us to connect different quantum systems, in such a way that studying one of them allows to understand the other through a gauge transformation. Furthermore, we included the case where the Hamiltonian operator can be time-dependent. An application for this construction will be achieved in the theory of control quantum systems.

Published
2023
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2. Classical circuits can simulate quantum aspects

Author

Caruso, M.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

This study introduces a method for simulating quantum systems using electrical networks. Our approach leverages a generalized similarity transformation, which connects different Hamiltonians, enabling well-defined paths for quantum system simulation using classical circuits. By synthesizing interaction networks, we accurately simulate quantum systems of varying complexity, from $2-$state to $n-$state systems. Unlike quantum computers, classical approaches do not require stringent conditions, making them more accessible for practical implementation. Our reinterpretation of Born's rule in the context of electrical circuit simulations offers a perspective on quantum phenomena., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2201.00617

Published
2022

3. Quantum systems simulatability through classical networks

Author

Caruso, M.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We have shown that quantum systems on finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces are equivalent under local transformations. Using these transformations give rise to a gauge group that connects the hamiltonian operators associated with each quantum system. Different quantum systems are connected in such way that studying one of them allows to understand the other. This result can be applied to the field of simulation of quantum systems, in order to mimic more complicated quantum systems from another simulatable quantum system. Given that there is a bridge that allows to simulate a particular quantum system on this kind of Hilbert spaces using classical circuits we will provide a general scenario to extend this bridge to simulate the time evolution, via Schr\"odinger equation, of any of these quantum system using classical circuits. This classical systems can be implemented and controlled more easily in the laboratory than the quantum systems.

Published
2021
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7. An algorithm to represent inbreeding trees

Author

Jarne, C., Albarracín, F A. Gómez, and Caruso, M.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Recent work has proven the existence of extreme inbreeding in a European ancestry sample taken from the contemporary UK population \cite{nature_01}. This result brings our attention again to a math problem related to inbreeding family trees and diversity. Groups with a finite number of individuals could give a variety of genetic relationships. { In previous works \cite{PhysRevE.92.052132, PhysRevE.90.022125, JARNE20191}, we have addressed the issue of building inbreeding trees for biparental reproduction using Markovian models. Here, we extend these studies by presenting an algorithm to generate and represent inbreeding trees with no overlapping generations. We explicitly assume a two-gender reproductory scheme, and we pay particular attention to the links between nodes. We show that even for a simple case with a relatively small number of nodes in the tree, there are a large number of possible ways to rearrange the links between generations. We present an open-source python code to generate the tree graph, the adjacency matrix, and the histogram of the links for each different tree representation. We show how this mapping reflects the difference between tree realizations, and how valuable information may be extracted upon inspection of these matrices. The algorithm includes a feature to average several tree realizations, obtain the connectivity distribution, and calculate the average and mean value. We used this feature to compare trees with a different number of generations and nodes. The code presented here, available in Git-Hub, may be easily modified to be applied to other areas of interest involving connections between individuals, extend the study to add more characteristics of the different nodes, etc.

Published
2020
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11. Equivalent Markov processes under gauge group

Author

Caruso, M. and Jarne, C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

We have studied Markov processes on denumerable state space and continuous time. We found that all these processes are connected via gauge transformations. We have used this result before as a method for resolution of equations, included the case where the sample space is time dependent in a previous work \textit{Phys. Rev. E} \textbf{90}, 022125 (2014). We found a general solution through a dilation of the state space, although the prior probability distribution of the states defined in this new space takes smaller values with respect to the one in the initial problem. The gauge (local) group of dilations modifies the distribution on the dilated space to restore the original process. In this work we show how Markov process in general could be linked via gauge (local) transformations and we present some illustrative examples for this results.

Published
2016
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12. Markovian simulation for ancestors trees

Author

Jarne, C. and Caruso, M.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Mathematics - Statistics Theory, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

We present a computational model to reconstruct trees of ancestors for animals with sexual reproduction. Through a recursive algorithm combined with a random number generator, it is possible to reproduce the number of ancestors for each generation and use it to constraint the maximum number of the following generation. This new model allows to consider the reproductive preferences of particular species and combine several trees to simulate the behavior of a population. It is also possible to obtain a description analytically, considering the simulation as a theoretical stochastic process. Such process can be generalized in order to use an algorithm associated with it to simulate other similar processes of stochastic nature. The simulation is based in the theoretical model previously presented before.

Published
2016
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13. The quantum CP-violating kaon system reproduced in the electronic laboratory (Homage to Nolberto Martinez)

Author

Caruso, M., Fanchiotti, H., Canal, C. García, Mayosky, M., and Veiga, A.

Subjects
Physics - General Physics
Abstract

The equivalence between the $\mathrm{Schr\ddot{o}dinger}$ dynamics of a quantum system with a finite number of basis states and a classical dynamics is realized in terms of electric networks. The isomorphism that connects in a univocal way both dynamical systems was applied to the case of neutral mesons, kaons in particular, and the class of electric networks univocally related to the quantum system was analyzed. Moreover, under $CPT$ invariance, the relevant $\epsilon$ parameter that measures $CP$ violation in the kaon system is reinterpreted in terms of network parameters. All these results were explicitly shown by means of both a numerical simulation of the implied networks and by constructing the corresponding circuits.

Published
2016
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17. Northern Arabian Sea circulation-autonomous research (NASCar): A research initiative based on autonomous sensors

Author

Centurioni, LR, Hormann, V, Talley, LD, Arzeno, I, Beal, L, Caruso, M, Conry, P, Echols, R, Fernando, HJS, Giddings, SN, Gordon, A, Graber, H, Harcourt, RR, Jayne, SR, Jensen, TG, Lee, CM, Lermusiaux, PFJ, L’hegaret, P, Lucas, AJ, Mahadevan, A, McClean, JL, Pawlak, G, Rainville, L, Riser, SC, Seo, H, Shcherbina, AY, Skyllingstad, E, Sprintall, J, Subrahmanyam, B, Terrill, E, Todd, RE, Trott, C, Ulloa, HN, and Wang, H

Subjects
Oceanography
Abstract

The Arabian Sea circulation is forced by strong monsoonal winds and is characterized by vigorous seasonally reversing currents, extreme differences in sea surface salinity, localized substantial upwelling, and widespread submesoscale thermohaline structures. Its complicated sea surface temperature patterns are important for the onset and evolution of the Asian monsoon. This article describes a program that aims to elucidate the role of upper-ocean processes and atmospheric feedbacks in setting the sea surface temperature properties of the region. The wide range of spatial and temporal scales and the difficulty of accessing much of the region with ships due to piracy motivated a novel approach based on state-of-the-art autonomous ocean sensors and platforms. The extensive data set that is being collected, combined with numerical models and remote sensing data, confirms the role of planetary waves in the reversal of the Somali Current system. These data also document the fast response of the upper equatorial ocean to monsoon winds through changes in temperature and salinity and the connectivity of the surface currents across the northern Indian Ocean. New observations of thermohaline interleaving structures and mixing in setting the surface temperature properties of the northern Arabian Sea are also discussed.

Published
2017

19. Asthma similarities across ProAR (Brazil) and U-BIOPRED (Europe) adult cohorts of contrasting locations, ethnicity and socioeconomic status

Author

Alcantara-Neves, N., Almeida, P.C.A., Amorim, L., Araujo, M.I., Barnes, K.C., Barreto, M.L., Belitardo, E., Bião-Lima, V., Cardoso, L., Camargos, P.A., Chatkin, J.M., Costa, R.S., Coelho, A.C.C., Cooper, P.J., Cruz, A.A., Cruz, C.S., Cunha, J., de Jesus, J.V., Fernandes, J., Franco, R.A., Gomes-Filho, I., Lima-Matos, A., Figueiredo, C.A., Lessa, M.A., Lins, L., Mello, L.M., Moura-Santos, P., Muniz, I.S., Paixao-Araujo, I., Pinheiro, G.P., Ponte, E.V., Rodrigues, L.C., Santana, C.V.N., Santos-Lima, G., Souza, T.M.O., Souza-Machado, A., Souza-Machado, C., Stelmach, R., Vasquez, V.S., Adcock, I.M., Ahmed, H., Auffray, C., Bakke, P., Baribaud, F., Bel, E.H., Bigler, J., Bisgaard, H., Boedigheimer, M.J., Bønnelykke, K., Brandsma, J., Brinkman, P., Bucchioni, E., Burg, D., Bush, A., Caruso, M., Chaiboonchoe, A., Chanez, P., Compton, C.H., Corfield, J., D'Amico, A., Dahlén, B., Dahlén, S.E., De Meulder, B., Djukanovic, R., Erpenbeck, V.J., Erzen, D., Fichtner, K., Fitch, N., Fleming, L.J., Formaggio, E., Fowler, S.J., Frey, U., Gahlemann, M., Geiser, T., Goss, V., Guo, Y.-K., Hashimoto, S., Haughney, J., Hedlin, G., Hekking, P.W., Higenbottam, T., Hohlfeld, J.M., Holweg, C., Horváth, I., Howarth, P., James, A.J., Knowles, R.G., Knox, A.J., Krug, N., Lefaudeux, D., Loza, M.J., Lutter, R., Manta, A., Masefield, S., Matthews, J.G., Mazein, A., Meiser, A., Middelveld, R.J.M., Miralpeix, M., Montuschi, P., Mores, N., Murray, C.S., Musial, J., Myles, D., Pahus, L., Pandis, I., Pavlidis, S., Postle, A., Powel, P., Praticò, G., Puig Valls, M., Rao, N., Roberts, A., Roberts, G., Rowe, A., Sandström, T., Schofield, J.P.R., Seibold, W., Selby, A., Shaw, D.E., Sigmund, R., Singer, F., Skipp, P.J., Sousa, A.R., Sterk, P.J., Sun, K., Thornton, B., van Aalderen, W.M., van Geest, M., Vestbo, J., Vissing, N.H., Wagener, A.H., Wagers, S.S., Weiszhart, Z., Wheelock, C.E., Wilson, S.J., Cruz, Alvaro A., Riley, John H., Bansal, Aruna T., Ponte, Eduardo V., Souza-Machado, Adelmir, Almeida, Paula C.A., Biao-Lima, Valmar, Davis, Maggie, Bates, Stewart, Adcock, Ian M., Sterk, Peter J., and Chung, Kian Fan

Published
2020
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25. IL-17–high asthma with features of a psoriasis immunophenotype

Author

Adcock, I.M., Ahmed, H., Auffray, C., Bakke, P., Bansal, A.T., Baribaud, F., Bates, S., Bel, E.H., Bigler, J., Bisgaard, H., Boedigheimer, M.J., Bønnelykke, K., Brandsma, J., Brinkman, P., Bucchioni, E., Burg, D., Bush, A., Caruso, M., Chaiboonchoe, A., Chanez, P., Chung, K.F., Compton, C.H., Corfield, J., D'Amico, A., Dahlen, S.E., De Meulder, B., Djukanovic, R., Erpenbeck, V.J., Erzen, D., Fichtner, K., Fitch, N., Fleming, L.J., Formaggio, E., Fowler, S.J., Frey, U., Gahlemann, M., Geiser, T., Guo, Y., Hashimoto, S., Haughney, J., Hedlin, G., Hekking, P.W., Higenbottam, T., Hohlfeld, J.M., Holweg, C., Horváth, I., Howarth, P., James, A.J., Knowles, R., Knox, A.J., Krug, N., Lefaudeux, D., Loza, M.J., Lutter, R., Manta, A., Masefield, S., Mazein, A., Meiser, A., Middelveld, R.J.M., Miralpeix, M., Montuschi, P., Mores, N., Murray, C.S., Musial, J., Myles, D., Pahus, L., Pandis, I., Pavlidis, S., Powell, P., Praticò, G., Rao, M. Puig N., Riley, J., Roberts, A., Roberts, G., Rowe, A., Sandström, T., Seibold, W., Selby, A., Shaw, D.E., Sigmund, R., Singer, F., Skipp, P.J., Sousa, A.R., Sterk, P.J., Sun, K., Thornton, B., van Aalderen, W.M., van Geest, M., Vestbo, J., Vissing, N.H., Wagener, A.H., Wagers, S.S., Weiszhart, Z., Wheelock, C.E., Wilson, S.J., Aliprantis, Antonios, Allen, David, Alving, Kjell, Badorrek, P., Balgoma, David, Ballereau, S., Barber, Clair, Batuwitage, Manohara Kanangana, Bautmans, A., Bedding, A., Behndig, A.F., Beleta, Jorge, Berglind, A., Berton, A., Bochenek, Grazyna, Braun, Armin, Campagna, D., Carayannopoulos, Leon, Casaulta, C., Chaleckis, Romanas, Dahlén, B., Davison, imothy, De Alba, Jorge, De Lepeleire, Inge, Dekker, Tamara, Delin, Ingrid, Dennison, P., Dijkhuis, Annemiek, Dodson, Paul, Draper, Aleksandra, Dyson, K., Edwards, Jessica, El Hadjam, L., Emma, Rosalia, Ericsson, Magnus, Faulenbach, C., Flood, Breda, Galffy, G., Gallart, Hector, Garissi, D., Gent, J., Gerhardsson de Verdier, M., Gibeon, D., Gomez, Cristina, Gove, Kerry, Gozzard, Neil, Guillmant-Farry, E., Henriksson, E., Hewitt, Lorraine, Hoda, U., Hu, Richard, Hu, Sile, Hu, X., Jeyasingham, E., Johnson, K., Jullian, N., Kamphuis, Juliette, Kennington, Erika J., Kerry, Dyson, Kerry, G., Klüglich, M., Knobel, Hugo, Kolmert, Johan, Konradsen, J.R., Kots, Maxim, Kretsos, Kosmas, Krueger, L., Kuo, Scott, Kupczyk, Maciej, Lambrecht, Bart, Lantz, A.-S., Larminie, Christopher, Larsson, L.X., Latzin, P., Lazarinis, N., Lemonnier, N., Lone-Latif, Saeeda, Lowe, L.A., Manta, Alexander, Marouzet, Lisa, Martin, Jane, Mathon, Caroline, McEvoy, L., Meah, Sally, Menzies-Gow, A., Metcalf, Leanne, Mikus, Maria, Monk, Philip, Naz, Shama, Nething, K., Nicholas, Ben, Nihlén, U., Nilsson, Peter, Niven, R., Nordlund, B., Nsubuga, S., Pacino, Antonio, Palkonen, Susanna, Pellet, J., Pennazza, Giorgio, Petrén, Anne, Pink, Sandy, Pison, C., Postle, Anthony, Rahman-Amin, Malayka, Ravanetti, Lara, Ray, Emma, Reinke, Stacey, Reynolds, Leanne, Riemann, K., Robberechts, Martine, Rocha, J.P., Rossios, C., Russell, Kirsty, Rutgers, Michael, Santini, G., Santoninco, Marco, Saqi, M., Schoelch, Corinna, Schofield, James P.R., Scott, S., Sehgal, N., Sjödin, Marcus, Smids, Barbara, Smith, Caroline, Smith, Jessica, Smith, Katherine M., Söderman, P., Sogbessan, A., Spycher, F., Staykova, Doroteya, Stephan, S., Stokholm, J., Strandberg, K., Sunther, M., Szentkereszty, M., Tamasi, L., Tariq, K., Thörngren, John-Olof, Thorsen, Jonathan, Valente, S., van de Pol, Marianne, van Drunen, C.M., Van Eyll, Jonathan, Versnel, Jenny, Vink, Anton, von Garnier, C., Vyas, A., Wald, Frans, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jonathan, Wetzel, Kristiane, Wiegman, Coen, Williams, Siân, Yang, Xian, Yeyasingham, Elizabeth, Amgen, W. Yu, Zetterquist, W., Zolkipli, Z., Zwinderman, A.H., Östling, Jörgen, van Geest, Marleen, Jevnikar, Zala, Wilson, Susan, Lutter, Rene, Shaw, Dominick E., Bakke, Per S., Caruso, Massimo, Dahlen, Sven-Erik, Fowler, Stephen J., Horváth, Ildikó, Krug, Norbert, Montuschi, Paolo, Sanak, Marek, Sandström, Thomas, Sun, Kai, Pandis, Ioannis, Auffray, Charles, Sousa, Ana R., Guo, Yike, Adcock, Ian M., Howarth, Peter, Chung, Kian Fan, Bigler, Jeanette, Sterk, Peter J., Skipp, Paul J., Djukanović, Ratko, and Vaarala, Outi

Published
2019
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27. List of contributors

Author

Ahmarinejad, Amir, primary, Arefi, Ali, additional, Bayod-Rújula, Angel A., additional, Borghetti, Alberto, additional, Brenna, Morris, additional, Caerts, Chris, additional, Caruso, M., additional, Catalão, João P.S., additional, Chicco, Gianfranco, additional, Cortés, Andrés, additional, Delarestaghi, Javid Maleki, additional, Di Somma, Marialaura, additional, Dong, Zhao Yang, additional, Efthymiou, V., additional, Foiadelli, Federica, additional, Fraile-Ardanuy, Jesús, additional, Gallo, P., additional, Gómez, Inés, additional, Graditi, Giorgio, additional, Ippolito, M.G., additional, Javadi, Mohammad Sadegh, additional, Jimeno, Joseba, additional, Kong, Weicong, additional, Luo, Fengji, additional, Madina, Carlos, additional, Mansouri, Seyed Amir, additional, Menniti, Daniele, additional, Merino, Julia, additional, Morch, Andrei Z., additional, Mutule, Anna, additional, Nassuato, S., additional, Neyestani, Nilufar, additional, Nezhad, Ali Esmaeel, additional, Nucci, Carlo Alberto, additional, Orozco Corredor, Camilo, additional, Papadimitriou, C.N., additional, Patsalides, M., additional, Pinnarelli, Anna, additional, Sanseverino, E.R., additional, Santos, Maider, additional, Sciumè, G., additional, Shafie-Khah, Miadreza, additional, Sorrentino, Nicola, additional, Therapontos, P., additional, Tomasone, N., additional, Venizelos, V., additional, Yan, Bing, additional, Yang, Jiajia, additional, Zaninelli, Dario, additional, and Zizzo, G., additional

Published
2021
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29. Sputum proteomic signature of gastro-oesophageal reflux in patients with severe asthma

Author

Tariq, K., Schofield, J.P.R., Nicholas, B.L., Burg, D., Brandsma, J., Bansal, A.T., Wilson, S.J., Lutter, R., Fowler, S.J., Bakke, Caruso, M., Dahlen, B., Horváth, I., Krug, N., Montuschi, P., Sanak, M., Sandström, T., Geiser, T., Pandis, I., Sousa, A.R., Adcock, I.M., Shaw, D.E., Auffray, C., Howarth, P.H., Sterk, P.J., Chung, K.F., Skipp, P.J., Dimitrov, B., and Djukanović, R.

Published
2019
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30. Epithelial IL-6 trans-signaling defines a new asthma phenotype with increased airway inflammation

Author

Adcock, I.M., Ahmed, H., Auffray, C., Bakke, P., Bansal, A.T., Baribaud, F., Bates, S., Bel, E.H., Bigler, J., Bisgaard, H., Boedigheimer, M.J., Bønnelykke, K., Brandsma, J., Brinkman, P., Bucchioni, E., Burg, D., Bush, A., Caruso, M., Chaiboonchoe, A., Chanez, P., Chung, F.K., Compton, C.H., Corfield, J., D'Amico, A., Dahlen, S.E., De Meulder, B., Djukanovic, R., Erpenbeck, V.J., Erzen, D., Fichtner, K., Fitch, N., Fleming, L.J., Formaggio, E., Fowler, S.J., Frey, U., Gahlemann, M., Geiser, T., Goss, V., Guo, Y., Hashimoto, S., Haughney, J., Hedlin, G., Hekking, P.W., Higenbottam, T., Hohlfeld, J.M., Holweg, C., Horváth, I., James, A.J., Knowles, R., Knox, A.J., Krug, N., Lefaudeux, D., Loza, M.J., Manta, A., Matthews, J.G., Mazein, A., Meiser, A., Middelveld, R.J.M., Miralpeix, M., Montuschi, P., Mores, N., Murray, C.S., Musial, J., Myles, D., Pahus, L., Pandis, I., Pavlidis, S., Postle, A., Powel, P., Praticò, G., Rao, N., Riley, J., Roberts, A., Roberts, G., Rowe, A., Sandström, T., Schofield, J.P.R., Seibold, W., Selby, A., Shaw, D.E., Sigmund, R., Singer, F., Skipp, P.J., Sousa, A.R., Sterk, P.J., Sun, K., Thornton, B., van Aalderen, W.M., van Geest, M., Vestbo, J., Vissing, N.H., Wagener, A.H., Wagers, S.S., Weiszhart, Z., Wheelock, C.E., Wilson, S.J., Jevnikar, Zala, Östling, Jörgen, Ax, Elisabeth, Calvén, Jenny, Thörn, Kristofer, Israelsson, Elisabeth, Öberg, Lisa, Singhania, Akul, Lau, Laurie C.K., Wilson, Susan J., Ward, Jonathan A., Chauhan, Anoop, Sousa, Ana R., De Meulder, Bertrand, Loza, Matthew J., Baribaud, Frédéric, Sterk, Peter J., Chung, Kian Fan, Sun, Kai, Guo, Yike, Adcock, Ian M., Payne, Debbie, Dahlen, Barbro, Chanez, Pascal, Shaw, Dominick E., Krug, Norbert, Hohlfeld, Jens M., Sandström, Thomas, Djukanovic, Ratko, James, Anna, Hinks, Timothy S.C., Howarth, Peter H., Vaarala, Outi, van Geest, Marleen, and Olsson, Henric

Published
2019
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31. Markov chain approach to the distribution of ancestors in species of biparental reproduction

Author

Caruso, M. and Jarne, C.

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

We studied how to obtain a distribution for the number of ancestors in species of sexual reproduction. Present models concentrate on the estimation of distributions repetitions of ancestors in genealogical trees. It has been shown that is not possible to reconstruct the genealogical history of each species along all its generations by means of a geometric progression. This analysis demonstrates that it is possible to rebuild the tree of progenitors by modeling the problem with a Markov chain. For each generation, the maximum number of possible ancestors is different. This brings huge problems for the resolution. We found a solution through a dilation of the sample space, although the distribution defined there takes smaller values respect to the initial problem. In order to correct the distribution for each generation, we introduced the invariance under gauge (local) group of dilations. These ideas can used to study the interaction of several processes and provide a new approach on the problem of the common ancestor. In the same direction, this model also provide some elements that can be used to improve models of animal reproduction., Comment: English version with changes

Published
2011
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32. Equivalence between classical and quantum dynamics. Neutral kaons and electric circuits

Author

Caruso, M., Fanchiotti, H., and Canal, C. A. Garcia

Subjects
Quantum Physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

An equivalence between the $\mathrm{Schr\ddot{o}dinger}$ dynamics of a quantum system with a finite number of basis states and a classical dynamics is presented. The equivalence is an isomorphism that connects in univocal way both dynamical systems. We treat the particular case of neutral kaons and found a class of electric networks uniquely related to the kaon system finding the complete map between the matrix elements of the effective Hamiltonian of kaons and those elements of the classical dynamics of the networks. As a consequence, the relevant $\epsilon$ parameter that measures CP violation in the kaon system is completely determined in terms of network parameters.

Published
2011
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37. Health effects in COPD smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes: a retrospective-prospective 3-year follow-up

Author

Polosa R, Morjaria JB, Prosperini U, Russo C, Pennisi A, Puleo R, Caruso M, and Caponnetto P

Subjects
Smoking cessation, Electronic cigarette, COPD, Tobacco harm reduction, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Riccardo Polosa,1–3,* Jaymin Bhagwanji Morjaria,4,5,* Umberto Prosperini,6 Cristina Russo,7 Alfio Pennisi,8 Rosario Puleo,1–3 Massimo Caruso,1,2 Pasquale Caponnetto1,2 1Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; 2Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital “Policlinico – V. Emanuele”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; 3Institute of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Teaching Hospital “Policlinico – V. emanuele”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; 4Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, UK; 5Imperial College, Harefield, UK; 6Hospital “San Vincenzo”, Taormina, Italy; 7Emergency Department, Hospital “Arnas Garibaldi”, Catania, Italy; 8Department of Respiratory Medicine, Private clinics “Musumeci-Gecas”, Catania, Italy *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Health effects of electronic cigarette (EC) use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are largely unexplored.Aim: We present findings from a long-term prospective assessment of respiratory parameters in a cohort of COPD patients who ceased or substantially reduced conventional cigarette use with ECs.Methods: We prospectively re-evaluated COPD exacerbations, spirometric indices, subjective assessments (using the COPD Assessment Tool [CAT] scores), physical activity (measured by the 6-minute walk distance [6MWD]), and conventional cigarette use in EC users with COPD who were retrospectively assessed previously. Baseline measurements prior to switching to EC use were compared to follow-up visits at 12, 24, and 36 months. Age- and sex-matched regularly smoking COPD patients who were not using ECs were included as reference (control) group.Results: Complete data were available from 44 patients. Compared to baseline in the EC-user group, there was a marked decline in the use of conventional cigarettes. Although there was no change in lung function, significant improvements in COPD exacerbation rates, CAT scores, and 6MWD were observed consistently in the EC user group over the 3-year period (p

Published
2018

43. Primary hyperoxaluria: report of an Italian family with clear sex conditioned penetrance

Author

Mandrile, G., Robbiano, A., Giachino, D., Sebastiano, R., Dondi, E., Fenoglio, R., Stratta, P., Caruso, M., Petrarulo, M., Marangella, M., and De Marchi, M.

Abstract

Abstract: We report the clinical and genetic study of a primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH1) family with two sisters homozygous for p.Gly170Arg who are still asymptomatic at age 29 and 35, and two brothers, also homozygous for the same mutation, who are affected since age 27 and 30. The clear sex difference observed in this family and in others reported in the literature fits well with the prevalence of males over females in the Italian registry. In the KO model of PH1, only male mice develop renal stones, suggesting that the sex difference may affect both oxalate production and stone formation. A likely mechanism is the sex-related expression of glycolate oxidase shown in experimental animals. The stable isotope method recently developed by Huidekoper and van Woerden for in vivo assessment of the endogenous oxalate production could help to clarify the issue in humans.

Published
2024
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48. Stratification of asthma by lipidomic profiling of induced sputum supernatant

Author

Brandsma, J, Schofield, JPR, Yang, X, Strazzeri, F, Barber, C, Goss, VM, Koster, G, Bakke, PS, Caruso, M, Chanez, P, Dahlén, S-E, Fowler, SJ, Horváth, I, Krug, N, Montuschi, P, Sanak, M, Sandström, T, Shaw, DE, Chung, KF, Singer, F, Fleming, LJ, Adcock, IM, Pandis, I, Bansal, AT, Corfield, J, Sousa, AR, Sterk, PJ, Sánchez-García, RJ, Skipp, PJ, Postle, AD, Djukanović, R, U-BIOPRED Study Group, and Publica

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, 610 Medicine & health
Abstract

BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with significant heterogeneity in its clinical presentation and pathobiology. There is need for improved understanding of respiratory lipid metabolism in asthma patients and its relation to observable clinical features. OBJECTIVE To perform a comprehensive, prospective, cross-sectional analysis of the lipid composition of induced sputum supernatant obtained from asthma patients with a range of disease severities, as well as healthy controls. METHODS Induced sputum supernatant was collected from 211 asthmatic adults and 41 healthy individuals enrolled in the U-BIOPRED study. Sputum lipidomes were characterised by semi-quantitative shotgun mass spectrometry, and clustered using topological data analysis to identify lipid phenotypes. RESULTS Shotgun lipidomics of induced sputum supernatant revealed a spectrum of nine molecular phenotypes, highlighting not just significant differences between the sputum lipidomes of asthmatics and healthy controls, but within the asthmatic population as well. Matching clinical, pathobiological, proteomic and transcriptomic data informed on the underlying disease processes. Sputum lipid phenotypes with higher levels of non-endogenous, cell-derived lipids were associated with significantly worse asthma severity, worse lung function, and elevated granulocyte counts. CONCLUSION We propose a novel mechanism of increased lipid loading in the epithelial lining fluid of asthmatics, resulting from the secretion of extracellular vesicles by granulocytic inflammatory cells, which could reduce the ability of pulmonary surfactant to lower surface tension in asthmatic small airways, as well as compromise its role as an immune regulator. CLINICAL IMPLICATION Immunomodulation of extracellular vesicle secretion in the lungs may provide a novel therapeutic target for severe asthma.

Published
2023
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49. The role of inflammation in anxiety and depression in the European U-BIOPRED asthma cohorts

Author

Hou, R, Ye, G, Cheng, X, Shaw, DE, Bakke, PS, Caruso, M, Dahlen, B, Dahlen, S-E, Fowler, SJ, Horváth, I, Howarth, P, Krug, N, Montuschi, P, Sanak, M, Sandström, T, Auffray, C, De Meulder, B, Sousa, AR, Adcock, IM, Fan Chung, K, Sterk, PJ, Skipp, PJ, Schofield, J, Djukanović, R, U-BIOPRED Study Group, and Publica

Subjects
Inflammation, Psychiatry, Behavioral Neuroscience, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Depression, U-BIOPRED, Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Immunology, Anxiety, Asthma, Psykiatri, Lungmedicin och allergi
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates high comorbid anxiety and depression in patients with asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying this comorbid condition remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inflammation in comorbid anxiety and depression in three asthma patient cohorts of the Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes (U-BIOPRED) project.METHODS: U-BIOPRED was conducted by a European Union consortium of 16 academic institutions in 11 European countries. A subset dataset from subjects with valid anxiety and depression measures and a large blood biomarker dataset were analysed, including 198 non-smoking patients with severe asthma (SAn), 65 smoking patients with severe asthma (SAs), 61 non-smoking patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (MMA), and 20 healthy non-smokers (HC). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to measure anxiety and depression and a series of inflammatory markers were analysed by the SomaScan v3 platform (SomaLogic, Boulder, Colo). ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used for multiple-group comparisons as appropriate.RESULTS: There were significant group effects on anxiety and depression among the four cohort groups (p < 0.05). Anxiety and depression of SAn and SAs groups were significantly higher than that of MMA and HC groups (p < 0.05. There were significant differences in serum IL6, MCP1, CCL18, CCL17, IL8, and Eotaxin among the four groups (p < 0.05). Depression was significantly associated with IL6, MCP1, CCL18 level, and CCL17; whereas anxiety was associated with CCL17 only (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that severe asthma patients are associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, and inflammatory responses may underlie this comorbid condition.

Published
2023

50. Appropriate management of growth hormone deficiency during the age of transition: an Italian Delphi consensus statement

Author

Cannavo, S., Cappa, M., Ferone, D., Isidori, A. M., Loche, S., Salerno, M., Maghnie, M., Aimaretti, G., Ambrosio, M. R., Bellone, S., Caruso, M., Castello, R., Ceccato, F., Cerbone, T., Cherubini, V., de Carlo, E., De Sanctis, L., della Casa, S., Di Somma, C., Faienza, M. F., Gasco, V., Gaudino, R., Giacomozzi, C., Giavoli, C., Guazzarotti, L., Klain, A., Lania, A., Leonardi, D., Longhi, S., Lughetti, L., Maggio, M. C., Wasniewska, G. M., Mameli, C., Mauro, C., Giudice, E. M. D., Palermo, M. C. A., Parpagnoli, M., Persani, L., Pilotta, A., Pozzobon, G., Rochira, V., Rota, F., Sacco, M., Scarcella, S., Scavuzzo, F., Sinisi, A. A., Street, M. E., Tornese, G., Cannavò, S., Cappa, M., Ferone, D., Isidori, A. M., Loche, S., Salerno, M., Maghnie, M., Tornese, G., Cannavò, S, Cappa, M, Ferone, D, Isidori, A M, Loche, S, Salerno, M, Maghnie, M, and Maggio, Maria Cristina

Subjects
growth hormone deficiency, Settore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale E Specialistica, Endocrinology, age of transition, consensus, Italian Delphi consensus statement, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, adolescent, growth hormone, transition, Transition age
Abstract

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) describes the impairment of growth hormone (GH) secretion by the pituitary somatotroph cells. GHD may be congenital, with causes, including genetic alterations and structural brain malformations, or acquired, including midline tumours, cranial irradiation, traumatic brain injury, central nervous system infections and inflammatory conditions. GHD in children is characterised by short stature, delayed bone maturation and abnormalities in substrate metabolism, body composition, physical and psychosocial functioning, all of which improve with recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy. The diagnosis of GHD is based on clinical signs and symptoms, biochemistry and imaging. Although GH stimulation tests are considered the mainstay of diagnostic investigations, the results must be interpreted with caution owing to the variability in cut-off values and reproducibility. Transition refers to the physical and psychosocial changes in adolescent patients during the mid-teens to late teens (usually 15–18 years of age) until about 6–7 years after achievement of adult height. During the transition age, only a small residual capacity of longitudinal growth is left, but body maturity is not yet complete. Discontinuation of rhGH treatment at the end of longitudinal growth in adolescents with permanent GHD is associated with decreased muscle strength and mass, increased body fat (mainly in the abdomen), the arrest or reversal of muscle mass and bone mass density (BMD) gain and lipid profile deterioration. For these reasons, patients whose GHD persists during the transition age need to continue rhGH treatment to obtain full somatic maturation and normalisation of body composition, BMD, quality of life (QoL) and lipid metabolism. There is some evidence that rhGH treatment during transition may result in improved growth and bone health, as well as a better prognosis for metabolic and cardiovascular risks in the long term. Since these patients need to continue treatment to complete their body development, a multidisciplinary approach is required to ensure continuity of care during the transfer from paediatric to adult endocrinology services. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of young adults with GHD have been published by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), American College of Endocrinology (ACE), Endocrine Society, European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE), Lawson Wilkins Society, European Society of Endocrinology, Japan Endocrine Society and Endocrine Society of Australia. However, clinical practice lacks uniformity in terms of diagnosis and treatment of transition-age patients, the impact of GH replacement during transition has not been adequately assessed in randomised clinical trials (RCTs), validated questionnaires to assess QoL in patients on rhGH treatment in the transition period are not available and there is still uncertainty about the multidisciplinary approach during transition [8]. Hence, a structured transition protocol is essential to establish the best practice for transitioning adolescents with GHD to adult care. A study in Italy in 2015 identified a low level of awareness of these issues in clinical practice and real-world gaps in the management of GHD patients during transition. To address these gaps and assist endocrinologists (adult and paediatric) in the diagnosis and treatment of GHD in transition-age patients, a Delphi consensus process was undertaken to develop clinically relevant recommendations. The current consensus statements address the diagnosis of GHD, benefits of treatment, monitoring and management of transition-age patients with GHD, along with treatment adherence and safety concerns.

Published
2023

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