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1. Compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante en una bebida funcional

Author

Rosa Huaraca Aparco, Fanny Gabriela Casas Paz, Fidelia Tapia Tadeo, María Del Carmen Delgado Laime, Rocío Cahuana Lipa, and Julio César Machaca Mamani

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

El desarrollo de bebidas funcionales a menudo requiere un compromiso de calidad por el alto contenido de compuestos bioactivos. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la composición química proximal, compuestos fenólicos totales y actividad antioxidante en una bebida funcional a base de papaya nativa (Carica pubescens) y chía (Salvia hispánica L) edulcorada con Stevia. Las bebidas funcionales se formularon con diferentes concentraciones de T1 (PY10 %: CH1 %), T2 (PY 20 %:CH 1 %) y T3 (PY 30: CH 1 %). La composición química proximal se determinó según el método del AOAC. Los compuestos fenólicos totales fueron evaluados mediante Folin-Ciocateu. La actividad antioxidante fue determinada a través del método del radical libre 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo (DPPH). Los datos de la muestra se obtuvieron por triplicado, luego fueron tabulados y evaluados a través del análisis de varianza (ANOVA), mediante la comparación de prueba de rangos múltiples y la significancia de las medias con un nivel de confianza del 95 %. En los resultados se encontró que la composición química proximal, en la formulación del tratamiento T2 (PY 20%:CH 1 %) presentó mayores porcentajes en proteína (0.32 %) y carbohidratos (3.04 %), mientras que la fibra, ceniza y grasa fueron mayores para el tratamiento T3 (PY 30: CH1 %) mostrando diferencias entre los tratamientos. Los compuestos fenólicos totales se encontraron de 1.92 a 2.75 mg/mL. EQ Ácido Gálico. La actividad antioxidante en la bebida funcional presentó una variación entre 4,80 a 6, 77 mg/mL CI50 Trolox, mostrando diferencias entre los tratamientos.

Published
2023
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3. Current Center Line Integration in the Manufacturing Process of the ITER Toroidal Field Coils

Author

Jimenez, Marc, primary, Libens, Ken, additional, Harrison, Robert, additional, Hernandez, Angela, additional, Lo Bue, Alessandro, additional, Pallas, Guim, additional, Pellicer, Narcis, additional, Pozuelo, Eduardo, additional, Viladiu, Eduard, additional, Gautheron, Emma, additional, Pompa, Edoardo, additional, Bellesia, Boris, additional, Poncet, Lionel, additional, Tarrago, Santiago, additional, Ferrater, Marc, additional, Amoros, Jordi, additional, Aprili, Piergiorgio, additional, Bonito-Oliva, Alessandro, additional, Boter, Eva, additional, Casas, Paz, additional, Cornelis, Marc, additional, and Kostopoulos, Charalampos, additional

Published
2020
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4. IL7RA rs6897932 Polymorphism Is Associated with Better CD4+ T-Cell Recovery in HIV Infected Patients Starting Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

Author

Resino, Salvador, Navarrete-Munoz, Maria A., Blanco, Julia, Pacheco, Yolanda M., Castro, Ivan, Berenguer, Juan, Santos, Jesus, Vera-Mendez, Francisco J., Gorgolas, Miguel, Angeles Jimenez-Sousa, M. A., Benito, Jose M., Rallon, Norma, Moreno, Santiago, Jarrin, Inma, Dalmau, David, Luisa Navarro, Maria, Isabel Gonzalez, Maria, Luis Blanco, Jose, Garcia, Federico, Rubio, Rafael, Antonio Iribarren, Jose, Gutierrez, Felix, Vidal, Francesc, Gonzalez, Juan, Alejos, Belen, Hernando, Victoria, Moreno, Cristina, Iniesta, Carlos, Garcia Sousa, Luis Miguel, Sanz Perez, Nieves, Angeles Munoz-Fernandez, M., Maria Garcia-Merino, Isabel, Consuegra Fernandez, Irene, Gomez Rico, Coral, Gallego de la Fuente, Jorge, Palau Concejo, Paula, Portilla, Joaquin, Merino, Esperanza, Reus, Sergio, Boix, Vicente, Giner, Livia, Gadea, Carmen, Portilla, Irene, Pampliega, Maria, Diez, Marcos, Carlos Rodriguez, Juan, Sanchez-Paya, Jose, Luis Gomez, Juan, Hernandez, Jehovana, Remedios Aleman, Maria, del Mar Alonso, Maria, Inmaculada Hernandez, Maria, Diaz-Flores, Felicitas, Garcia, Dacil, Pelazas, Ricardo, Lopez Lirola, Ana, Sanz Moreno, Jose, Arranz Caso, Alberto, Hernandez Gutierrez, Cristina, Novella Mena, Maria, Pulido, Federico, Bisbal, Otilia, Hernando, Asuncion, Dominguez, Lourdes, Crestelo, David Rial, Bermejo, Laura, Santacreu, Mireia, Arrizabalaga, Julio, Jose Aramburu, Maria, Camino, Xabier, Rodriguez-Arrondo, Francisco, Angel von Wichmann, Miguel, Pascual Tome, Lidia, Angel Goenaga, Miguel, Bustinduy, Ma Jesus, Azkune, Harkaitz, Ibarguren, Maialen, Lizardi, Aitziber, Kortajarena, Xabier, Masia, Mar, Padilla, Sergio, Navarro, Andres, Montolio, Fernando, Robledano, Catalina, Gregori Colome, Joan, Adsuar, Araceli, Pascual, Rafael, Fernandez, Marta, Garcia, Elena, Alberto Garcia, Jose, Barber, Xavier, Lopez Bernaldo de Quiros, Juan Carlos, Gutierrez, Isabel, Ramirez, Margarita, Padilla, Belen, Gijon, Paloma, Aldamiz-Echevarria, Teresa, Tejerina, Francisco, Jose Parras, Francisco, Balsalobre, Pascual, Diez, Cristina, Perez Latorre, Leire, Peraire, Joaquin, Vilades, Consuelo, Veloso, Sergio, Vargas, Montserrat, Lopez-Dupla, Miguel, Olona, Montserrat, Rull, Anna, Rodriguez-Gallego, Esther, Alba, Veronica, Montero Alonso, Marta, Lopez Aldeguer, Jose, Blanes Julia, Marino, Tasias Pitarch, Maria, Castro Hernandez, Ivan, Calabuig Munoz, Eva, Cuellar Tovar, Sandra, Salavert Lleti, Miguel, Fernandez Navarro, Juan, Gonzalez-garcia, Juan, Arnalich, Francisco, Ramon Arribas, Jose, Bernardino de la Serna, Jose Ignacio, Miguel Castro, Juan, Escosa, Luis, Herranz, Pedro, Hontanon, Victor, Garcia-Bujalance, Silvia, Garcia Lopez-Hortelano, Milagros, Gonzalez-Baeza, Alicia, Luz Martin-Carbonero, Maria, Mayoral, Mario, Jose Mellado, Maria, Esteban Mican, Rafael, Montejano, Rocio, Luisa Montes, Maria, Moreno, Victoria, Perez-Valero, Ignacio, Rodes, Berta, Sainz, Talia, Sendagorta, Elena, Stella Alcariz, Natalia, Valencia, Eulalia, Ramon Blanco, Jose, Antonio Oteo, Jose, Ibarra, Valvanera, Metola, Luis, Sanz, Mercedes, Perez-Martinez, Laura, Jaen, Angels, Sanmarti, Montse, Cairo, Mireia, Martinez-Lacasa, Javier, Velli, Pablo, Font, Roser, Xercavins, Mariona, Alonso, Noemi, Rivero, Maria, Reparaz, Jesus, Ruiz de Alda, Maria Gracia, de Leon Cano, Maria Teresa, Ruiz de Galarreta, Beatriz Pierola, Segura, Ferran, Jose Amengual, Maria, Navarro, Gemma, Sala, Montserrat, Cervantes, Manuel, Pineda, Valentin, Calzado, Sonia, Navarro, Marta, de los Santos, Ignacio, Sanz Sanz, Jesus, Salas Aparicio, Ana, Sarria Cepeda, Cristina, Garcia-Fraile Fraile, Lucio, Martin Gayo, Enrique, Luis Casado, Jose, Dronda, Fernando, Moreno, Ana, Perez Elias, Maria Jesus, Gomez Ayerbe, Cristina, Gutierrez, Carolina, Madrid, Nadia, del Campo Terron, Santos, Marti, Paloma, Ansa, Uxua, Serrano, Sergio, Jesus Vivancos, Maria, Bernal, Enrique, Cano, Alfredo, Alcaraz Garcia, Antonia, Bravo Urbieta, Joaquin, Munoz, Angeles, Jose Alcaraz, Maria, del Carmen Villalba, Maria, Hernandez, Jose, Pena, Alejandro, Munoz, Leopoldo, Casas, Paz, Alvarez, Marta, Chueca, Natalia, Vinuesa, David, Martinez-Montes, Clara, Del Romero, Jorge, Rodriguez, Carmen, Puerta, Teresa, Carlos Carrio, Juan, Vera, Mar, Ballesteros, Juan, Ayerdi, Oskar, Riera, Melchor, Penaranda, Maria, Leyes, Maria, Ribas, Ma Angels, Campins, Antoni A., Vidal, Carmen, Fanjul, Francisco, Murillas, Javier, Homar, Francisco, Gomez Ayerbe, Crisitina, Viciana, Isabel, Palacios, Rosario, Maria Gonzalez, Carmen, Viciana, Pompeyo, Espinosa, Nuria, Fernando Lopez-Cortes, Luis, Podzamczer, Daniel, Ferrer, Elena, Imaz, Arkaitz, Tiraboschi, Juan, Silva, Ana, Saumoy, Maria, Olalla, Julian, del Arco, Alfonso, de la Torre, Javier, Luis Prada, Jose, de Lomas Guerrero, Jose Maria Garcia, Perez Stachowski, Javier, Juan Martinez, Onofre, Jesus Vera, Francisco, Martinez, Lorena, Garcia, Josefina, Alcaraz, Begona, Jimeno, Amaya, Castro Iglesias, Angeles, Pernas Souto, Berta, Mena de Cea, Alvaro, Galera, Carlos, Albendin, Helena, Perez, Aurora, Iborra, Asuncion, Moreno, Antonio, Merlos, Maria Angustias, Vidal, Asuncion, Suarez-Garcia, Ines, Malmierca, Eduardo, Gonzalez-Ruano, Patricia, Martin Rodrigo, Dolores, Ruiz Seco, Ma Pilar, Omar Mohamed-Balghata, Mohamed, Gomez Vidal, Maria Amparo, Estrada Perez, Vicente, Tellez Molina, Maria Jesus, Vergas Garcia, Jorge, Perez-Somarriba Moreno, Juncal, Cabello, Alfonso, Alvarez, Beatriz, Prieto, Laura, Galindo Puerto, Maria Jose, Fernando Vilalta, Ramon, Ferrer Ribera, Ana, Rivero Roman, Antonio, Brieva Herrero, Maria Teresa, Rivero Juarez, Antonio, Lopez Lopez, Pedro, Machuca Sanchez, Isabel, Pena Martinez, Jose, Cervero Jimenez, Miguel, Torres Perea, Rafael, Jusdado Ruiz-Capillas, Juan Jose, Pineda, Juan A., CoRIS HIV Biobank Integrated Spani, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF), European Commission, Resino, Salvador, Castro, Iván, Resino, Salvador [0000-0001-8783-0450], and Castro, Iván [0000-0001-9938-2122]

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, humanos, lcsh:QR1-502, HIV Infections, Biochemistry, Gastroenterology, lcsh:Microbiology, 0302 clinical medicine, Receptor subunit, Genotype, Hiv infected patients, Drug Interactions, 030212 general & internal medicine, mediana edad, Cd4 t cell, Brief Report, immune reconstitution, Middle Aged, adulto, IL7RA, antirretrovirales, interacciones farmacológicas, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Female, SNPs, Adult, Cart, medicine.medical_specialty, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, cART, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Statistical significance, medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, Receptors, Interleukin-7, business.industry, HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, CD4, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, recuento de linfocitos CD4, 030104 developmental biology, infecciones por VIH, genotipo, business
Abstract

This article belongs to the Section Molecular Medicine., Interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (IL7RA) rs6897932 polymorphism IS related to CD4+ recovery after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), but no studies so far have analyzed its potential impact in patients with very low CD4+ T-cells count. We aimed to analyze the association between IL7RA rs6897932 polymorphism and CD4+ T-cells count restoration in HIV-infected patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with CD4+ T-cells count 20% and was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.550). Of 411 patients, 256 carried the CC genotype, while 155 had the CT/TT genotype. The CT/TT genotype was associated with a higher slope of CD4+ T-cells recovery (arithmetic mean ratio; AMR = 1.16; p = 0.016), higher CD4+ T-cells increase (AMR = 1.19; p = 0.004), and higher CD4+ T-cells count at the end of follow-up (AMR = 1.13; p = 0.006). Besides, rs6897932 CT/TT was related to a higher odds of having a value of CD4+ T-cells at the end of follow-up ≥500 CD4+ cells/mm3 (OR = 2.44; p = 0.006). After multiple testing correction (Benjamini–Hochberg), only the increase of ≥ 400 CD4+ cells/mm3 lost statistical significance (p = 0.052). IL7RA rs6897932 CT/TT genotype was related to a better CD4+ T-cells recovery and it could be used to improve the management of HIV-infected patients starting cART with CD4+ T-cells count, This study has been (partially) funded by grants RD12/0017/0031 and D16/0025/0013 to JMB, and RD12/0017/0024 and RD16CIII/0002/0002 to SR as part of the Health Research and Development Strategy, State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (2008–2011; 2013–2016) and co-financed by Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII—Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). MA Jiménez-Sousa is funded by project RD16CIII/0002/0002; MA Navarrete-Muñoz is co-funded by RD16/0025/0013 project and Intramural Research Scholarship from IIS-FJD. N Rallón is a Miguel Servet investigator from the ISCIII [grant number CP14/00198].

Published
2019

5. VDR rs2228570 Polymorphism Is Related to Non-Progression to AIDS in Antiretroviral Therapy Naïve HIV-Infected Patients

Author

Jimenez-Sousa, Maria A., Luis Jimenez, Jose, Fernandez-Rodriguez, Amanda, Brochado-Kith, Oscar, Maria Bellon, Jose, Gutierrez, Felix, Diez, Cristina, Bernal-Morell, Enrique, Viciana, Pompeyo, Munoz-Fernandez, Maria A., Resino, Salvador, Moreno, Santiago, del Amo, Julia, Dalmau, David, Luisa Navarro, Maria, Isabel Gonzalez, Maria, Luis Blanco, Jose, Garcia, Federico, Rubio, Rafael, Antonio Iribarren, Jose, Vidal, Francesc, Berenguer, Juan, Gonzalez, Juan, Del Amo, Julia, Jarrin, Inma, Alejos, Belen, Hernando, Victoria, Moreno, Cristina, Iniesta, Carlos, Garcia Sousa, Luis Miguel, Perez, Nieves Sanz, Angeles Munoz-Fernandez, M., Maria Garcia-Merino, Isabel, Consuegra Fernandez, Irene, Gomez Rico, Coral, Gallego de la Fuente, Jorge, Palau Concejo, Paula, Portilla, Joaquin, Merino, Esperanza, Reus, Sergio, Boix, Vicente, Giner, Livia, Gadea, Carmen, Portilla, Irene, Pampliega, Maria, Diez, Marcos, Carlos Rodriguez, Juan, Sanchez-Paya, Jose, Luis Gomez, Juan, Hernandez, Jehovana, Remedios Aleman, Maria, del Mar Alonso, Maria, Inmaculada Hernandez, Maria, Diaz-Flores, Felicitas, Garcia, Dacil, Pelazas, Ricardo, Lopez Lirola, Ana, Sanz Moreno, Jose, Arranz Caso, Alberto, Hernandez Gutierrez, Cristina, Novella Mena, Maria, Pulido, Federico, Bisbal, Otilia, Hernando, Asuncion, Dominguez, Lourdes, Rial Crestelo, David, Bermejo, Laura, Santacreu, Mireia, Arrizabalaga, Julio, Jose Aramburu, Maria, Camino, Xabier, Rodriguez-Arrondo, Francisco, Angel von Wichmann, Miguel, Pascual Tome, Lidia, Angel Goenaga, Miguel, Jesus Bustinduy, Ma, Azkune, Harkaitz, Ibarguren, Maialen, Lizardi, Aitziber, Kortajarena, Xabier, Masia, Mar, Padilla, Sergio, Navarro, Andres, Montolio, Fernando, Robledano, Catalina, Gregori Colome, Joan, Adsuar, Araceli, Pascual, Rafael, Fernandez, Marta, Garcia, Elena, Alberto Garcia, Jose, Barber, Xavier, Bernaldo de Quiros, Juan Carlos Lopez, Gutierrez, Isabel, Ramirez, Margarita, Padilla, Belen, Gijon, Paloma, Aldamiz-Echevarria, Teresa, Tejerina, Francisco, Jose Parras, Francisco, Balsalobre, Pascual, Perez Latorre, Leire, Peraire, Joaquin, Vilades, Consuelo, Veloso, Sergio, Vargas, Montserrat, Lopez-Dupla, Miguel, Olona, Montserrat, Rull, Anna, Rodriguez-Gallego, Esther, Alba, Veronica, Montero Alonso, Marta, Lopez Aldeguer, Jose, Blanes Julia, Marino, Tasias Pitarch, Maria, Castro Hernandez, Ivan, Calabuig Munoz, Eva, Cuellar Tovar, Sandra, Salavert Lleti, Miguel, Fernandez Navarro, Juan, Gonzalez-garcia, Juan, Arnalich, Francisco, Ramon Arribas, Jose, Bernardino de la Serna, Jose Ignacio, Miguel Castro, Juan, Escosa, Luis, Herranz, Pedro, Hontanon, Victor, Garcia-Bujalance, Silvia, Garcia Lopez-Hortelano, Milagros, Gonzalez-Baeza, Alicia, Luz Martin-Carbonero, Maria, Mayoral, Mario, Jose Mellado, Maria, Esteban Mican, Rafael, Montejano, Rocio, Luisa Montes, Maria, Moreno, Victoria, Perez-Valero, Ignacio, Rodes, Berta, Sainz, Talia, Sendagorta, Elena, Stella Alcariz, Natalia, Valencia, Eulalia, Ramon Blanco, Jose, Antonio Oteo, Jose, Ibarra, Valvanera, Metola, Luis, Sanz, Mercedes, Perez-Martinez, Laura, Jaen, Angels, Sanmarti, Montse, Cairo, Mireia, Martinez-Lacasa, Javier, Velli, Pablo, Font, Roser, Xercavins, Mariona, Alonso, Noemi, Rivero, Maria, Reparaz, Jesus, Ruiz de Alda, Maria Gracia, de Leon Cano, Maria Teresa, Ruiz de Galarreta, Beatriz Pierola, Segura, Ferran, Jose Amengual, Maria, Navarro, Gemma, Sala, Montserrat, Cervantes, Manuel, Pineda, Valentin, Calzado, Sonia, Navarro, Marta, de los Santos, Ignacio, Sanz Sanz, Jesus, Salas Aparicio, Ana, Sarria Cepeda, Cristina, Garcia-Fraile Fraile, Lucio, Martin Gayo, Enrique, Luis Casado, Jose, Dronda, Fernando, Moreno, Ana, Perez Elias, Maria Jesus, Gomez Ayerbe, Cristina, Gutierrez, Carolina, Madrid, Nadia, del Campo Terron, Santos, Marti, Paloma, Ansa, Uxua, Serrano, Sergio, Jesus Vivancos, Maria, Bernal, Enrique, Cano, Alfredo, Alcaraz Garcia, Antonia, Bravo Urbieta, Joaquin, Munoz, Angeles, Jose Alcaraz, Maria, del Carmen Villalba, Maria, Hernandez, Jose, Pena, Alejandro, Munoz, Leopoldo, Casas, Paz, Alvarez, Marta, Chueca, Natalia, Vinuesa, David, Martinez-Montes, Clara, Del Romero, Jorge, Rodriguez, Carmen, Puerta, Teresa, Carlos Carrio, Juan, Vera, Mar, Ballesteros, Juan, Ayerdi, Oskar, Riera, Melchor, Penaranda, Maria, Leyes, Maria, Angels Ribas, Ma, Campins, Antoni A., Vidal, Carmen, Fanjul, Francisco, Murillas, Javier, Homar, Francisco, Santos, Jesus, Gomez Ayerbe, Crisitina, Viciana, Isabel, Palacios, Rosario, Maria Gonzalez, Carmen, Espinosa, Nuria, Fernando Lopez-Cortes, Luis, Podzamczer, Daniel, Ferrer, Elena, Imaz, Arkaitz, Tiraboschi, Juan, Silva, Ana, Saumoy, Maria, Olalla, Julian, del Arco, Alfonso, de la Torre, Javier, Luis Prada, Jose, de Lomas Guerrero, Jose Maria Garcia, Perez Stachowski, Javier, Juan Martinez, Onofre, Jesus Vera, Francisco, Martinez, Lorena, Garcia, Josefina, Alcaraz, Begona, Jimeno, Amaya, Castro Iglesias, Angeles, Pernas Souto, Berta, Mena de Cea, Alvaro, Galera, Carlos, Albendin, Helena, Perez, Aurora, Iborra, Asuncion, Moreno, Antonio, Angustias Merlos, Maria, Vidal, Asuncion, Suarez-Garcia, Ines, Malmierca, Eduardo, Gonzalez-Ruano, Patricia, Martin Rodrigo, Dolores, Omar Mohamed-Balghata, Mohamed, Gomez Vidal, Maria Amparo, Estrada Perez, Vicente, Tellez Molina, Maria Jesus, Vergas Garcia, Jorge, Perez-Somarriba Moreno, Juncal, Gorgolas, Miguel, Cabello, Alfonso, Alvarez, Beatriz, Prieto, Laura, Galindo Puerto, Maria Jose, Fernando Vilalta, Ramon, Ferrer Ribera, Ana, Rivero Roman, Antonio, Brieva Herrero, Maria Teresa, Rivero Juarez, Antonio, Lopez Lopez, Pedro, Machuca Sanchez, Isabel, Pena Martinez, Jose, Cervero Jimenez, Miguel, Torres Perea, Rafael, Jusdado Ruiz-Capillas, Juan Jose, Pineda, Juan A., CoRIS, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, LTNPs Cohort, Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Investigación en Sida (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF)

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, LTNPs, lcsh:Medicine, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, non-progression, 030312 virology, Calcitriol receptor, 03 medical and health sciences, single nucleotide polymorphisms, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Internal medicine, medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, SNP, Allele, 030304 developmental biology, VDR, Non-progression, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Brief Report, lcsh:R, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Single nucleotide polymorphisms, Acquired immune system, medicine.disease, AIDS, business
Abstract

Background: Vitamin D is a fundamental regulator of host defenses by activating genes related to innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we analyzed the association among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, with clinical patterns of AIDS progression in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive HIV-infected patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 667 HIV-infected patients, who were classified within three groups according to their AIDS progression pattern (183 long-term non-progressors (LTNPs), 334 moderate progressors (MPs), and 150 rapid progressors (RPs)). Five VDR SNPs (rs11568820, rs4516035, rs2228570, rs1544410, and rs7975232) were genotyped using Agena Bioscience's MassARRAY platform. Results: Significant association results were found for rs2228570. Within all HIV patients, the presence of T allele at VDR rs2228570 SNP was protective against AIDS progression (ordinal outcome) under additive (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.75; p = 0.009), dominant (aOR = 0.69; p = 0.015), and codominant (aOR = 0.56; p = 0.017) inheritance models. In addition, the same allele was protective under additive and codominant inheritance models when we compared with LTNPs vs. RPs [aOR = 0.64 (p = 0.019) and aOR = 0.37 (p = 0.018), respectively] and when we compared MPs vs. RPs [aOR = 0.72 (p = 0.035) and aOR = 0.45 (p = 0.028), respectively]. Conclusions: The VDR rs2228570 T allele was related to a lower AIDS progression pattern in ART-naive HIV-infected patients. These findings expand upon the knowledge about HIV pathogenesis in untreated HIV-infected patients with different clinical outcomes., This work has been (partially) funded by the RD16/0025/0019 and RD16CIII/0002/0002, projects as part of Accion Estrategica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (2013-2016) and cofinanced by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Subdireccion General de Evaluacion) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), RETIC PT17/0015/0042, Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS) (grant number PI16/01863, PI17/01115, PI17CIII/00003), EPIICAL Project and Comunidad de Madrid B2017/BMD-3703. Programa de Investigacion de la Consejeria de Sanidad de la Comunidad de Madrid to JLJ. CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R& D& i Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, the Consolider Program, and CIBER Actions and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund. COST CA17140 Cancer Nanomedicine-Front the Bench to Bebside. AFR are supported and funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III [grant number CP14/0010].

Published
2019

7. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Kostaki, Evangelia-Georgia; Flampouris, Andreas; Karamitros, Timokratis; Chueca, Natalia; Alvarez, Marta; Casas, Paz; Alejos, Belen; Hatzakis, Angelos; Garcia, Federico; Paraskevis, Dimitrios; Moreno, Santiago; Jarrin, Inma; Dalmau, David; Navarro, Maria Luisa; Gonzalez, Maria Isabel; Blanco, Jose Luis; Rubio, Rafael; Gutierrez, Felix; Vidal, Francesc; Berenguer, Juan; Gonzalez, Juan; Hernando, Victoria; Moreno, Cristina; Iniesta, Carlos; Sousa, Luis Miguel Garcia; Perez, Nieves Sanz; Angeles Munoz-Fernandez, M.; Maria Garcia-Merino, Isabel; Consuegra Fernandez, Irene; Gomez Rico, Coral; Gallego de la Fuente, Jorge; Palau Concejo, Paula; Portilla, Joaquin; Merino, Esperanza; Reus, Sergio; Boix, Vicente; Giner, Livia; Gadea, Carmen; Portilla, Irene; Pampliega, Maria; Diez, Marcos; Carlos Rodriguez, Juan; Sanchez-Paya, Jose; Luis Gomez, Juan; Hernandez, Jehovana; Remedios Aleman, Maria; del Mar Alonso, Maria; Inmaculada Hernandez, Maria; Diaz-Flores, Felicitas; Garcia, Dacil; Pelazas, Ricardo; Lopez Lirola, Ana; Sanz Moreno, Jose; Arranz Caso, Alberto; Hernandez Gutierrez, Cristina; Novella Mena, Maria; Pulido, Federico; Bisbal, Otilia; Hernando, Asuncion; Dominguez, Lourdes; Rial Crestelo, David; Bermejo, Laura; Santacreu, Mireia; Antonio Iribarrena, Jose; Arrizabalaga, Julio; Jose Aramburu, Maria; Camino, Xabier; Rodriguez-Arrondo, Francisco; Angel von Wichmann, Miguel; Pascual Tome, Lidia; Angel Goenaga, Miguel; Jesus Bustinduy, Ma; Azkune, Harkaitz; Ibarguren, Maialen; Lizardi, Aitziber; Kortajarena, Xabier; Masia, Mar; Padilla, Sergio; Navarro, Andres; Montolio, Fernando; Robledano, Catalina; Gregori Colome, Joan; Adsuar, Araceli; Pascual, Rafael; Fernandez, Marta; Garcia, Elena; Alberto Garcia, Jose; Barber, Xavier; Bernaldo de Quiros, Juan Carlos Lopez; Gutierrez, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Kostaki, Evangelia-Georgia; Flampouris, Andreas; Karamitros, Timokratis; Chueca, Natalia; Alvarez, Marta; Casas, Paz; Alejos, Belen; Hatzakis, Angelos; Garcia, Federico; Paraskevis, Dimitrios; Moreno, Santiago; Jarrin, Inma; Dalmau, David; Navarro, Maria Luisa; Gonzalez, Maria Isabel; Blanco, Jose Luis; Rubio, Rafael; Gutierrez, Felix; Vidal, Francesc; Berenguer, Juan; Gonzalez, Juan; Hernando, Victoria; Moreno, Cristina; Iniesta, Carlos; Sousa, Luis Miguel Garcia; Perez, Nieves Sanz; Angeles Munoz-Fernandez, M.; Maria Garcia-Merino, Isabel; Consuegra Fernandez, Irene; Gomez Rico, Coral; Gallego de la Fuente, Jorge; Palau Concejo, Paula; Portilla, Joaquin; Merino, Esperanza; Reus, Sergio; Boix, Vicente; Giner, Livia; Gadea, Carmen; Portilla, Irene; Pampliega, Maria; Diez, Marcos; Carlos Rodriguez, Juan; Sanchez-Paya, Jose; Luis Gomez, Juan; Hernandez, Jehovana; Remedios Aleman, Maria; del Mar Alonso, Maria; Inmaculada Hernandez, Maria; Diaz-Flores, Felicitas; Garcia, Dacil; Pelazas, Ricardo; Lopez Lirola, Ana; Sanz Moreno, Jose; Arranz Caso, Alberto; Hernandez Gutierrez, Cristina; Novella Mena, Maria; Pulido, Federico; Bisbal, Otilia; Hernando, Asuncion; Dominguez, Lourdes; Rial Crestelo, David; Bermejo, Laura; Santacreu, Mireia; Antonio Iribarrena, Jose; Arrizabalaga, Julio; Jose Aramburu, Maria; Camino, Xabier; Rodriguez-Arrondo, Francisco; Angel von Wichmann, Miguel; Pascual Tome, Lidia; Angel Goenaga, Miguel; Jesus Bustinduy, Ma; Azkune, Harkaitz; Ibarguren, Maialen; Lizardi, Aitziber; Kortajarena, Xabier; Masia, Mar; Padilla, Sergio; Navarro, Andres; Montolio, Fernando; Robledano, Catalina; Gregori Colome, Joan; Adsuar, Araceli; Pascual, Rafael; Fernandez, Marta; Garcia, Elena; Alberto Garcia, Jose; Barber, Xavier; Bernaldo de Quiros, Juan Carlos Lopez; Gutierrez

Abstract

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41-6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000-2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 279 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (t(MRCA)) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999-2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced a

Published
2019

8. Choice of the initial antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive individuals in the era of integrase inhibitors

Author

Alejos, Belen, Suarez-Garcia, Ines, Bisbal, Otilia, Antonio Iribarren, Jose, Asensi, Victor, Gorgolas, Miguel, Muga, Roberto, Moreno, Santiago, Jarrin, Inma, Dalmau, David, Luisa Navarro, Maria, Isabel Gonzalez, Maria, Luis Blanco, Jose, Garcia, Federico, Rubio, Rafael, Gutierrez, Felix, Vidal, Francesc, Berenguer, Juan, Gonzalez, Juan, Hernando, Victoria, Moreno, Cristina, Iniesta, Carlos, Garcia Sousa, Luis Miguel, Sanz Perez, Nieves, Angeles Munoz-Fernandez, M., Maria Garcia-Merino, Isabel, Consuegra Fernandez, Irene, Gomez Rico, Coral, Gallego De la Fuente, Jorge, Palau Concejo, Paula, Portilla, Joaquin, Merino, Esperanza, Reus, Sergio, Boix, Vicente, Giner, Livia, Gadea, Carmen, Portilla, Irene, Pampliega, Maria, Diez, Marcos, Carlos Rodriguez, Juan, Sanchez-Paya, Jose, Luis Gomez, Juan, Hernandez, Jehovana, Remedios Aleman, Maria, del Mar Alonso, Maria, Inmaculada Hernandez, Maria, Diaz-Flores, Felicitas, Garcia, Dacil, Pelazas, Ricardo, Lopez Lirola, Ana, Sanz Moreno, Jose, Arranz Caso, Alberto, Hernandez Gutierrez, Cristina, Novella Mena, Maria, Pulido, Federico, Hernando, Asuncion, Dominguez, Lourdes, Rial Crestelo, David, Bermejo, Laura, Santacreu, Mireia, Arrizabalaga, Julio, Jose Aramburu, Maria, Camino, Xabier, Rodriguez-Arrondo, Francisco, Angel von Wichmann, Miguel, Pascual Tome, Lidia, Angel Goenaga, Miguel, Jesus Bustin-Duy, Ma, Azkune, Harkaitz, Ibarguren, Maialen, Lizardi, Aitziber, Kortajarena, Xabier, Masia, Mar, Padilla, Sergio, Navarro, Andres, Montolio, Fernando, Robledano, Catalina, Gregori Colome, Joan, Adsuar, Araceli, Pascual, Rafael, Fernandez, Marta, Garcia, Elena, Alberto Garcia, Jose, Barber, Xavier, Sanvisens, Arantza, Fuster, Daniel, Lopez Bernaldo de Quiros, Juan Carlos, Gutierrez, Isabel, Ramirez, Margarita, Padilla, Belen, Gijon, Paloma, Aldamiz-Echevarria, Teresa, Tejerina, Francisco, Jose Parras, Francisco, Balsalobre, Pascual, Diez, Cristina, Perez Latorre, Leire, Peraire, Joaquin, Vilades, Consuelo, Veloso, Sergio, Vargas, Montserrat, Lopez-Dupla, Miguel, Olona, Montserrat, Rull, Anna, Rodriguez-Gallego, Esther, Alba, Veronica, Montero Alonso, Marta, Lopez Aldeguer, Jose, Blanes Julia, Marino, Tasias Pitarch, Maria, Castro Hernandez, Ivan, Calabuig Munoz, Eva, Cuellar Tovar, Sandra, Salavert Lleti, Miguel, Fernandez Navarro, Juan, Gonzalez-garcia, Juan, Arnalich, Francisco, Ramon Arribas, Jose, Bernardino de la Serna, Jose Ignacio, Miguel Castro, Juan, Escosa, Luis, Herranz, Pedro, Hontanon, Victor, Garcia-Bujalance, Silvia, Garcia Lopez-Hortelano, Milagros, Gonzalez-Baeza, Alicia, Luz Martin-Carbonero, Maria, Mayoral, Mario, Jose Mellado, Maria, Esteban Mican, Rafael, Montejano, Rocio, Luisa Montes, Maria, Moreno, Victoria, Perez-Valero, Ignacio, Rodes, Berta, Sainz, Talia, Sendagorta, Elena, Stella Alcariz, Natalia, Valencia, Eulalia, Ramon Blanco, Jose, Antonio Oteo, Jose, Ibarra, Valvanera, Metola, Luis, Sanz, Mercedes, Perez-Martinez, Laura, Arazo, Piedad, Samperiz, Gloria, Jaen, Angels, Sanmarti, Montse, Cairo, Mireia, Martinez-Lacasa, Javier, Velli, Pablo, Font, Roser, Xercavins, Mariona, Alonso, Noemi, Rivero, Maria, Reparaz, Jesus, Gracia Ruiz de Alda, Maria, de Leon Cano, Maria Teresa, Pierola Ruiz de Galarreta, Beatriz, Segura, Ferran, Jose Amengual, Maria, Navarro, Gemma, Sala, Montserrat, Cervantes, Manuel, Pineda, Valentin, Calzado, Sonia, Navarro, Marta, de los Santos, Ignacio, Sanz Sanz, Jesus, Salas Aparicio, Ana, Sarria Cepeda, Cristina, Garcia-Fraile Fraile, Lucio, Martin Gayo, Enrique, Luis Casado, Jose, Dronda, Fernando, Moreno, Ana, Perez Elias, Maria Jesus, Gomez Ayerbe, Cristina, Gutierrez, Carolina, Madrid, Nadia, del Campo Terron, Santos, Marti, Paloma, Ansa, Uxua, Serrano, Sergio, Jesus Vivancos, Maria, Bernal, Enrique, Cano, Alfredo, Alcaraz Garcia, Antonia, Bravo Urbieta, Joaquin, Munoz, Angeles, Jose Alcaraz, Maria, del Carmen Villalba, Maria, Hernandez, Jose, Pena, Alejandro, Munoz, Leopoldo, Casas, Paz, Alvarez, Marta, Chueca, Natalia, Vinuesa, David, Martinez-Montes, Clara, Del Romero, Jorge, Rodriguez, Carmen, Puerta, Teresa, Carlos Carrio, Juan, Vera, Mar, Ballesteros, Juan, Ayerdi, Oskar, Antela, Antonio, Losada, Elena, Riera, Melchor, Penaranda, Maria, Leyes, Maria, Angels Ribas, Ma, Campins, Antoni A., Vidal, Carmen, Fanjul, Francisco, Murillas, Javier, Homar, Francisco, Santos, Jesus, Gomez Ayerbe, Crisitina, Viciana, Isabel, Palacios, Rosario, Maria Gonzalez, Carmen, Viciana, Pompeyo, Espinosa, Nuria, Fernando Lopez-Cortes, Luis, Podzamczer, Daniel, Ferrer, Elena, Imaz, Arkaitz, Tiraboschi, Juan, Silva, Ana, Saumoy, Maria, Ribera, Esteban, Curran, Adrian, Olalla, Julian, del Arco, Alfonso, de la Torre, Javier, Luis Prada, Jose, de Lomas Guerrero, Jose Maria Garcia, Perez Stachowski, Javier, Juan Martinez, Onofre, Jesus Vera, Francisco, Martinez, Lorena, Garcia, Josefina, Alcaraz, Begona, Jimeno, Amaya, Castro Iglesias, Angeles, Pernas Souto, Berta, Mena de Cea, Alvaro, Munoz, Josefa, Zurine Zubero, Miren, Mirena Baraia-Etxaburu, Josu, Ibarra Ugarte, Sofia, Ferrero Beneitez, Oscar Luis, Lopez de Munain, Josefina, Camara Lopez, Ma Mar, de la Pena, Mireia, Lopez, Miriam, Galera, Carlos, Albendin, Helena, Perez, Aurora, Iborra, Asuncion, Moreno, Antonio, Angustias Merlos, Maria, Vidal, Asuncion, Amador, Concha, Pasquau, Francisco, Ena, Javier, Benito, Concha, Fenoll, Vicenta, Gil Anguita, Concepcion, Algado Rabasa, Jose Tomas, Malmierca, Eduardo, Gonzalez-Ruano, Patricia, Martin Rodrigo, Dolores, Ruiz Seco, Ma Pilar, Omar Mohamed-Balghata, Mohamed, Gomez Vidal, Maria Amparo, Alberto de Zarraga, Miguel, Estrada Perez, Vicente, Tellez Molina, Maria Jesus, Vergas Garcia, Jorge, Perez-Somarriba Moreno, Juncal, Cabello, Alfonso, Alvarez, Beatriz, Prieto, Laura, Galindo Puerto, Maria Jose, Fernando Vilalta, Ramon, Ferrer Ribera, Ana, Rivero Roman, Antonio, Brieva Herrero, Maria Teresa, Rivero Juarez, Antonio, Lopez Lopez, Pedro, Machuca Sanchez, Isabel, Pena Martinez, Jose, Cervero Jimenez, Miguel, Torres Perea, Rafael, Jusdado Ruiz-Capillas, Juan Jose, Pineda, Juan A., CoRIS Cohort, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red Española de Investigación en SIDA, European Commission, ViiV Healthcare, Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Investigación en Sida (España), and Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF)

Subjects
Male, European People, Spanish People, Health Care Providers, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, seropositividad al VIH, Geographical locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunodeficiency Viruses, Abacavir, HIV Seropositivity, Odds Ratio, Ethnicities, Public and Occupational Health, mediana edad, Antiretrovirals, adulto, cociente de probabilidades relativas, antirretrovirales, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Sida, Science, Immunology, 030106 microbiology, Investigación médica, Men WHO Have Sex with Men, Integrase Inhibitors, Microbiology, Tenofovir alafenamide, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Physicians, Humans, Microbial Pathogens, Pharmacology, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Raltegravir, Health Care, Regimen, chemistry, Population Groupings, Preventive Medicine, Sexuality Groupings, RNA viruses, 0301 basic medicine, Medical Doctors, humanos, Tratamiento médico, chemistry.chemical_compound, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical Personnel, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hispanic People, Multidisciplinary, Antimicrobials, Cobicistat, Drugs, Viral Load, Middle Aged, Antivirals, Vaccination and Immunization, Europe, Professions, Rilpivirine, Viruses, Female, Pathogens, inhibidores de la integrasa, Research Article, medicine.drug, Adult, Antiretroviral Therapy, Emtricitabine, Antiviral Therapy, Microbial Control, Virology, Internal medicine, Retroviruses, medicine, European Union, análisis multifactorial, business.industry, Lentivirus, HIV, Spain, People and Places, Multivariate Analysis, Ritonavir, business, Viral Transmission and Infection
Abstract

CoRIS cohort., [Background] We aimed to describe the most frequently prescribed initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in recent years in HIV-positive persons in the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) and to investigate factors associated with the choice of each regimen., [Methods] We analyzed initial ART regimens prescribed in adults participating in CoRIS from 2014 to 2017. Only regimens prescribed in >5% of patients were considered. We used multivariable multinomial regression to estimate Relative Risk Ratios (RRRs) for the association between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the choice of the initial regimen., [Results] Among 2874 participants, abacavir(ABC)/lamivudine(3TC)/dolutegavir(DTG) was the most frequently prescribed regimen (32.1%), followed by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)/elvitegravir(EVG)/cobicistat(COBI) (14.9%), TDF/FTC/rilpivirine (RPV) (14.0%), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC/EVG/COBI (13.7%), TDF/FTC+DTG (10.0%), TDF/FTC+darunavir/ritonavir or darunavir/cobicistat (bDRV) (9.8%) and TDF/FTC+raltegravir (RAL) (5.6%). Compared with ABC/3TC/DTG, starting TDF/FTC/RPV was less likely in patients with CD4100.000 copies/mL. TDF/FTC+DTG was more frequent in those with CD4100.000 copies/mL. TDF/FTC+RAL and TDF/FTC+bDRV were also more frequent among patients with CD4, [Conclusions] The choice of initial ART regimens is consistent with Spanish guidelines’ recommendations, but is also clearly influenced by physician’s perception based on patient’s clinical and sociodemographic variables and by the prescribing hospital location., The RIS cohort (CoRIS) is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Sida (RD06/006, RD12/0017/0018 and RD16/0002/0006) as part of the Plan Nacional I+D+i and cofinanced by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). This study was funded by ViiV Healthcare.

Published
2019
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9. Surveillance of transmitted drug resistance to integrase inhibitors in Spain: implications for clinical practice.

Author

Alvarez, Marta, Casas, Paz, Salazar, Adolfo de, Chueca, Natalia, Guerrero-Beltran, Carlos, Rodríguez, Carmen, Imaz, Arkaitz, Espinosa, Nuria, García-Bujalance, Silvia, Pérez-Elías, María Jesús, García-Alvarez, Mónica, Iribarren, Jose Antonio, Santos, Jesús, Dalmau, David, Aguilera, Antonio, Vinuesa, David, Gutiérrez, Félix, Piérola, Beatriz, Molina, José Miguel, and Peraire, Joaquim

Subjects
*DRUG resistance, *INTEGRASE inhibitors, *GENETIC polymorphisms, *NUCLEOSIDE reverse transcriptase inhibitors, *LAMIVUDINE
Abstract

Background: Integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) constitute at present one of the pillars of first-line ART.Objectives: To study the prevalence of and the trend in transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to INSTIs in ART-naive patients in Spain.Methods: During the period 2012-17, 1109 patients from CoRIS were analysed. The Stanford algorithm v8.7 was used to evaluate TDR and transmission of clinically relevant resistance. To describe individual mutations/polymorphisms, the most recent IAS list (for INSTIs) and the 2009 WHO list update (for the backbone NRTIs used in combination with INSTIs in first-line treatment) were used.Results: Clinically relevant resistance to the INSTI class was 0.2%: T66I, 0.1%, resistance to elvitegravir and intermediate resistance to raltegravir; and G163K, 0.1%, intermediate resistance to raltegravir and elvitegravir. No clinical resistance to dolutegravir or bictegravir was observed. The prevalence of INSTI TDR following the IAS-USA INSTI mutation list was 2.6%, with no trend towards changes in the prevalence throughout the study period. The overall prevalence of NRTI WHO mutations was 4.3%, whereas clinically relevant resistance to tenofovir, abacavir and emtricitabine/lamivudine was 1.7%, 1.9% and 0.7%, respectively.Conclusions: Given the low prevalence of clinically relevant resistance to INSTIs and first-line NRTIs in Spain, it is very unlikely that a newly diagnosed patient will present with clinical resistance to a first-line INSTI-based regimen. These patients may not benefit from INSTI and NRTI baseline resistance testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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10. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions.

Author

Kostaki, Evangelia-Georgia, Flampouris, Andreas, Karamitros, Timokratis, Chueca, Natalia, Alvarez, Marta, Casas, Paz, Alejos, Belen, Hatzakis, Angelos, Garcia, Federico, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Moreno, Santiago, Jarrín, Inma, Dalmau, David, Luisa Navarro, Maria, Isabel González, Maria, Luis Blanco, Jose, Rubio, Rafael, Antonio Iribarren, Jose, Gutiérrez, Félix, and Vidal, Francesc

Subjects
PARSIMONIOUS models, HIV, DISEASE outbreaks
Abstract

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain. Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively. Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin. Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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12. Current Center Line Integration in the Manufacturing Process of the ITER Toroidal Field Coils

Author

Jimenez, Marc, Bellesia, Boris, Amoros, Jordi, Aprili, Piergiorgio, Bonito-Oliva, Alessandro, Boter, Eva, Casas, Paz, Cornelis, Marc, Kostopoulos, Charalampos, Libens, Ken, Harrison, Robert, Hernandez, Angela, Lo Bue, Alessandro, Pallas, Guim, Pellicer, Narcis, Pozuelo, Eduardo, Viladiu, Eduard, Gautheron, Emma, Pompa, Edoardo, Poncet, Lionel, Tarrago, Santiago, and Ferrater, Marc

Subjects
iter, current centre line, error field, magnetic characterization, magnets
Abstract

The first ITER & x0027;s European Toroidal Field Coil (TFC) is going to be assembled in 2019. The TFC is composed mainly by the superconducting Winding Pack (WP - manufactured in Europe), and the Coil Cases (TFCC - manufactured in Japan), which provide structural integrity to the magnet and offer interface connections with the rest of the machine. Dimensional measurements and other manufacturing data are taken during the WP manufacture and are used to reconstruct the Current Centre Line (CCL), which is defined as the barycentre of the as-built conductors inside the WP. The CCL is useful to characterize the magnetic field generated by the magnet, and its monitoring and control can minimize the Error Field during ITER operation. Fusion For Energy (F4E) developed a method to calculate the CCL using manufacturing data. Since the CCL represents how different the WP is manufactured from its nominal conductor layout, this deviation can be corrected where there is need of a more controlled magnetic field shape, namely in the straight inboard area of the D-shaped tokamak. That is why each WP position inside its respective TFCCs is optimized, compensating the deviations detected and maintaining an allowable gap between components for the subsequent welding and resin filling operation. This paper presents the strategy followed by F4E to calculate the CCL and optimize the WP position inside the TFCC, by means of extensive CAD and CAE modelling activity. It explains also the data management process developed and followed to ensure configuration control of all the data inputs and outputs, coming from different sources and formats, and details the successful insertion operation on the first ever ITER TFC coil manufactured in Europe, and how in the future the updated CCL coil position will be used to define the final TFC machining, after the welding and gap filling operations.

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