1. Strength of CAR signaling determines T cell versus ILC differentiation from pluripotent stem cells
- Author
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Li, Suwen, Wang, Chloe S, Montel-Hagen, Amélie, Chen, Ho-Chung, Lopez, Shawn, Zhou, Olivia, Dai, Kristy, Tsai, Steven, Satyadi, William, Botero, Carlos, Wong, Claudia, Casero, David, Crooks, Gay M, and Seet, Christopher S
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Cancer ,Regenerative Medicine ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human ,Genetics ,Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ,Immunotherapy ,Biotechnology ,Gene Therapy ,Stem Cell Research ,Underpinning research ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Inflammatory and immune system ,T-Lymphocytes ,Immunity ,Innate ,Lymphocytes ,Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Cell Differentiation ,Immunotherapy ,Adoptive ,Antigens ,CD19 ,Receptors ,Antigen ,T-Cell ,CP: Immunology ,CP: Stem cell research ,T cell development ,adoptive cell therapy ,cancer immunotherapy ,chimeric antigen receptor ,innate lymphoid cells ,pluripotent stem cells ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Medical Physiology ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Generation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) will enable advances in cancer immunotherapy. Understanding how CARs affect T cell differentiation from PSCs is important for this effort. The recently described artificial thymic organoid (ATO) system supports in vitro differentiation of PSCs to T cells. Unexpectedly, PSCs transduced with a CD19-targeted CAR resulted in diversion of T cell differentiation to the innate lymphoid cell 2 (ILC2) lineage in ATOs. T cells and ILC2s are closely related lymphoid lineages with shared developmental and transcriptional programs. Mechanistically, we show that antigen-independent CAR signaling during lymphoid development enriched for ILC2-primed precursors at the expense of T cell precursors. We applied this understanding to modulate CAR signaling strength through expression level, structure, and presentation of cognate antigen to demonstrate that the T cell-versus-ILC lineage decision can be rationally controlled in either direction, providing a framework for achieving CAR-T cell development from PSCs.
- Published
- 2023