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Cashmere and wool are both natural animal fibers used in the textile industry, but cashmere is of superior quality, is rarer, and more precious. It is therefore important to distinguish the two fibers accurately and effectively. However, challenges due to their similar appearance, morphology, and physical and chemical properties remain. Herein, a terahertz electromagnetic inductive transparency (EIT) metasurface biosensor is introduced for qualitative and quantitative identification of cashmere and wool. The periodic unit structure of the metasurface consists of four rotationally symmetric resonators and two cross−arranged metal secants to form toroidal dipoles and electric dipoles, respectively, so that its effective sensing area can be greatly improved by 1075% compared to the traditional dipole mode, and the sensitivity will be up to 342 GHz/RIU. The amplitude and frequency shift changes of the terahertz transmission spectra caused by the different refractive indices of cashmere/wool can achieve highly sensitive label−free qualitative and quantitative identification of both. The experimental results show that the terahertz metasurface biosensor can work at a concentration of 0.02 mg/mL. It provides a new way to achieve high sensitivity, precision, and trace detection of cashmere/wool, and would be a valuable application for the cashmere industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cashmere and wool fibers have similar chemical compositions, making them difficult to distinguish based on their absorption peaks and band positions in near-infrared spectroscopy. Existing studies commonly use wavelength selection or feature extraction algorithms to obtain significant spectral features, but traditional algorithms often overlook the correlations between wavelengths, resulting in weak adaptability and local optimum issues. To address this problem, this paper proposes a recognition algorithm based on optimal wavelength selection, which can remove redundant information and make the model effective in capturing patterns and key features of the data. The wavelengths are rearranged by computing the information gain ratio for each wavelength. Then, the sorted wavelengths are grouped based on equal density, which ensures that all wavelengths within each group have equal information and avoids over-focusing on individual groups. Meanwhile, the group genetic algorithm is used to find the wavelengths with highly informative and search optimal grouped combinations, in order to explore the entire spectrum wavelength. Finally, combined with a partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) model, the recognition accuracy reached 97.3 %. The results indicate that, compared to traditional methods such as CARS, SPA, and GA, our method effectively reduces redundant information, selects fewer but more informative wavelengths, and improves classification accuracy and model adaptability.

ABSTRACTSuitable features are the key to identifying cashmere and wool fibers, and feature selection is an important step in classification. Existing supervised feature selection methods need to consider the information between fiber features and class labels. Aiming at making up for this deficiency, we propose an unsupervised feature selection method based on k-means clustering, which overcome the difficulty that fiber feature class labels are either unavailable or costly to obtain. Firstly, the subset of fiber features that have been normalized are clustered by the k-means clustering algorithm to obtain the total number of clusters, and the clustering effect is evaluated by the DB Index criterion. Next, the DB value of each feature subset, the correlation of features and the total number of the clustering are considered as the judgment criteria to select the optimal feature subset. Finally, the optimal subset of features obtained by unsupervised feature selection algorithms is fed into a support vector machine for automatic identification and classification of the two fibers. The experimental results show that the method achieves a high recognition rate of 97.25%. It is verified that the unsupervised feature selection method based on k-means clustering is effective for the recognition of cashmere and wool.

Abstract Recognizing cashmere and wool fibers has been a challenging problem in the textile industry due to their similar morphological structure, chemical composition, and physicochemical properties. Traditional manual methods for identifying these fibers are inefficient, labor-intensive, and inaccurate. To address these issues, we present a novel method for recognizing cashmere and wool fibers using an improved version of ShuffleNetV2 and Transfer Learning, which we implement as a new cashmere and wool classification network (CWCNet).The approach leverages depthwise separable dilated convolution to extract more feature information for fiber classification. We also introduce a new activation function that enhances the nonlinear representation of the model and allows it to more fully extract negative feature information. Experimental results demonstrate that CWCNet achieves an accuracy rate of up to 98.438% on our self-built dataset, which is a 2.084% improvement over the original ShuffleNetV2 model. Furthermore, our proposed method outperforms classical models such as EfficientNetB0, MobileNetV2, Wide-ResNet50, and ShuffleNetV2 in terms of recognition accuracy while remaining lightweight.The method is capable of extracting more information on fiber characteristics and has the potential to replace manual labor as technological advancements continue to be made. This will greatly benefit engineering applications in the textile industry by providing more efficient and accurate fiber classification.

Cashmere and wool are common raw materials in the textile industry. The clothes made of cashmere are popular because of the excellent comfort. A system that can quickly and automatically classify the two will improve the efficiency of fiber recognition in the textile industry. We propose a classification method of cashmere and wool fibers based on feature fusion using the maximum inter-class variance. First, the fiber target area is obtained by the preprocessing algorithm. Second, the features of sub-images are extracted through the algorithm of the Discrete Wavelet Transform. It is linearly fused by introducing the weight in the approximate and detailed features. The maximum separability of the feature data can be achieved by the maximum inter-class variance. Finally, different classifiers are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The support vector machine classifier can achieve the highest recognition rate, with an accuracy of 95.20%. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of the fused feature vectors is improved by 6.73% compared to the original feature vectors describing the image. It verifies that the proposed method provides an effective solution for the automatic recognition of cashmere and wool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing cashmere and wool fibers has been a challenging problem in the textile industry due to their similar morphological structure, chemical composition, and physicochemical properties. Traditional manual methods for identifying these fibers are inefficient, labor-intensive, and inaccurate. To address these issues, we present a novel method for recognizing cashmere and wool fibers using an improved version of ShuffleNetV2 and Transfer Learning, which we implement as a new cashmere and wool classification network (CWCNet).The approach leverages depthwise separable dilated convolution to extract more feature information for fiber classification. We also introduce a new activation function that enhances the nonlinear representation of the model and allows it to more fully extract negative feature information. Experimental results demonstrate that CWCNet achieves an accuracy rate of up to 98.438% on our self-built dataset, which is a 2.084% improvement over the original ShuffleNetV2 model. Furthermore, our proposed method outperforms classical models such as EfficientNetB0, MobileNetV2, Wide-ResNet50, and ShuffleNetV2 in terms of recognition accuracy while remaining lightweight.The method is capable of extracting more information on fiber characteristics and has the potential to replace manual labor as technological advancements continue to be made. This will greatly benefit engineering applications in the textile industry by providing more efficient and accurate fiber classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cashmere and wool are both natural animal fibers used in the textile industry, but cashmere is of superior quality, is rarer, and more precious. It is therefore important to distinguish the two fibers accurately and effectively. However, challenges due to their similar appearance, morphology, and physical and chemical properties remain. Herein, a terahertz electromagnetic inductive transparency (EIT) metasurface biosensor is introduced for qualitative and quantitative identification of cashmere and wool. The periodic unit structure of the metasurface consists of four rotationally symmetric resonators and two cross−arranged metal secants to form toroidal dipoles and electric dipoles, respectively, so that its effective sensing area can be greatly improved by 1075% compared to the traditional dipole mode, and the sensitivity will be up to 342 GHz/RIU. The amplitude and frequency shift changes of the terahertz transmission spectra caused by the different refractive indices of cashmere/wool can achieve highly sensitive label−free qualitative and quantitative identification of both. The experimental results show that the terahertz metasurface biosensor can work at a concentration of 0.02 mg/mL. It provides a new way to achieve high sensitivity, precision, and trace detection of cashmere/wool, and would be a valuable application for the cashmere industry.

Cashmere and wool are common raw materials in the textile industry. The clothes made of cashmere are popular because of the excellent comfort. A system that can quickly and automatically classify the two will improve the efficiency of fiber recognition in the textile industry. We propose a classification method of cashmere and wool fibers based on feature fusion using the maximum inter-class variance. First, the fiber target area is obtained by the preprocessing algorithm. Second, the features of sub-images are extracted through the algorithm of the Discrete Wavelet Transform. It is linearly fused by introducing the weight in the approximate and detailed features. The maximum separability of the feature data can be achieved by the maximum inter-class variance. Finally, different classifiers are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The support vector machine classifier can achieve the highest recognition rate, with an accuracy of 95.20%. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of the fused feature vectors is improved by 6.73% compared to the original feature vectors describing the image. It verifies that the proposed method provides an effective solution for the automatic recognition of cashmere and wool.

There are invalid and redundant features in the texture feature extraction method of cashmere and wool fibers, which leads to the low recognition accuracy. In this paper, a novel texture feature selection method based on local binary pattern, the gray level co-occurrence matrix algorithm and chi-square test was proposed to sufficiently extract the effective features of these two fibers. Firstly, the collected images of cashmere and wool fibers are processed to obtain the clear texture images with background removed by pre-processing algorithm and local binary pattern. Then, the texture features are calculated by the gray level co-occurrence matrix, and the optimal 5-dimensional features are extracted by chi-square test to represent the texture information of cashmere and wool. Finally, the two fibers are automatically classified and recognized based on the support vector machine. The experimental results show that the proposed method obtained a high recognition accuracy with the percent of 94.39. It verifies that the method based on texture feature selection is effective to identify cashmere and wool fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cashmere and wool fibers have similar chemical compositions, making them difficult to distinguish based on their absorption peaks and band positions in near-infrared spectroscopy. Existing studies commonly use wavelength selection or feature extraction algorithms to obtain significant spectral features, but traditional algorithms often overlook the correlations between wavelengths, resulting in weak adaptability and local optimum issues. To address this problem, this paper proposes a recognition algorithm based on optimal wavelength selection, which can remove redundant information and make the model effective in capturing patterns and key features of the data. The wavelengths are rearranged by computing the information gain ratio for each wavelength. Then, the sorted wavelengths are grouped based on equal density, which ensures that all wavelengths within each group have equal information and avoids over-focusing on individual groups. Meanwhile, the group genetic algorithm is used to find the wavelengths with highly informative and search optimal grouped combinations, in order to explore the entire spectrum wavelength. Finally, combined with a partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) model, the recognition accuracy reached 97.3 %. The results indicate that, compared to traditional methods such as CARS, SPA, and GA, our method effectively reduces redundant information, selects fewer but more informative wavelengths, and improves classification accuracy and model adaptability., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

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To solve the problem that the bag of visual words lacks spatial information in image representation, and unclear description of the image texture, a new method of bag of words model containing spatial information was proposed to identify cashmere wool fibers. The relative position information between local features was incorporated to construct a spatial context synonym table in this method. Combining with soft-assignment, feature points were assigned to several visual words with strong synonymy. The influence of synonymy and ambiguity between words is effectively reduced. Combining the features with spatial information to jointly represent the image texture, it makes up for the defect that the visual word bag model lacks spatial information. The experiment results demonstrate that the average accuracy of this method is improved by 7.9% compared with the traditional bag-of-word, and its average recognition rate can reach 93.3%, which can be used for automatic recognition and classification of cashmere and wool fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]