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198 results on '"Cassol, Sharon"'

5. Unsung Hero Robert C. Gallo

Author

Abbadessa, Giovanni, Accolla, Roberto, Aiuti, Fernando, Albini, Adriana, Aldovini, Anna, Alfano, Massimo, Antonelli, Guido, Bartholomew, Courtenay, Bentwich, Zvi, Bertazzoni, Umberto, Berzofsky, Jay A., Biberfeld, Peter, Boeri, Enzo, Buonaguro, Luigi, Buonaguro, Franco M., Bukrinsky, Michael, Burny, Arsène, Caruso, Arnaldo, Cassol, Sharon, Chandra, Prakash, Ceccherini-Nelli, Luca, Chieco-Bianchi, Luigi, Clerici, Mario, Colombini-Hatch, Sandra, de Giuli Morghen, Carlo, de Maria, Andrea, de Rossi, Anita, Dierich, Manfred, Della-Favera, Riccardo, Dolei, Antonina, Douek, Daniel, Erfle, Volker, Felber, Barbara, Fiorentin, Simona, Franchini, Genoveffa, Gershoni, Jonathan M., Gotch, Frances, Green, Patrick, Greene, Warner C., Hall, William, Haseltine, William, Jacobson, Stephens, Kallings, Lars O., Kalyanaraman, Vaniambadi S., Katinger, Hermann, Khalili, Kamel, Klein, George, Klein, Eva, Klotman, Mary, Klotman, Paul, Kotler, Moshe, Kurth, Reinhard, Lafeuillade, Alain, la Placa, Michelangelo, Lewis, Jonathan, Lillo, Flavia, Lisziewicz, Julianna, Lomonico, Anita, Lopalco, Lucia, Lor, Franco, Lusso, Paolo, Macchi, Beatrice, Malim, Michael, Margolis, Leonid, Markham, Phillip D., McClure, Myra, Miller, Nancy, Mingari, Maria C., Moretta, Lorenzo, Noonan, Douglas, O'Brien, Steve, Okamoto, Takashi, Pal, Ranajit, Palese, Peter, Panet, Amos, Pantaleo, Giuseppe, Pavlakis, George, Pistello, Mauro, Plotkin, Stanley, Poli, Guido, Pomerantz, Roger, Radaelli, Antonia, Robert-Guroff, Marjorie, Roederer, Mario, Sarangadharan, Mangalasseril G., Schols, Dominique, Secchiero, Paola, Shearer, Gene, Siccardi, Antonio, Stevenson, Mario, Svoboda, Jan, Tartaglia, Jim, Torelli, Giuseppe, Tornesello, Maria Lina, Tschachler, Erwin, Vaccarezza, Mauro, Vallbracht, Angelika, van Lunzen, Jan, Varnier, Oliviero, Vicenzi, Elisa, von Melchner, Harald, Witz, Issac, Zagury, Daniel, Zagury, Jean-Francois, Zauli, Giorgio, and Zipeto, Donato

Published
2009

13. A pilot study of once-daily antiretroviral therapy integrated with tuberculosis directly observed therapy in a resource-limited settin

Author

Jack, Christopher, Lalloo, Umesh, Karim, Quarraisha, Abdool, Karim, Salim Abdool, El-Sadr, Wafaa, Cassol, Sharon, and Friedland, Gerald

Subjects
Tuberculosis -- Drug therapy, Tuberculosis -- Research, Highly active antiretroviral therapy -- Dosage and administration, Highly active antiretroviral therapy -- Research, Health
Abstract

A pilot study in an urban tuberculosis (TB) clinic in South Africa was conducted to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) into existing tuberculosis directly observed therapy (TB/DOT) programs. The results suggest that these programs can be feasible and effective sites for HIV identification, and the introduction and monitoring of a once-daily HAART regimen in resource-limited settings.

Published
2004

14. Mapping sites of positive selection and amino acid diversification in the HIV genome: an alternative approach to vaccine design?

Author

de Oliveira, Tulio, Salemi, Marco, Gordon, Michelle, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, van Rensburg, Estrelita Janse, Engelbrecht, Susan, Coovadia, Hoosen M., and Cassol, Sharon

Subjects
HIV (Viruses) -- Research, Genomics -- Research, Immunotherapy, Biological sciences
Abstract

A safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine is urgently needed to control the worldwide AIDS epidemic. Traditional methods of vaccine development have been frustratingly slow, and it is becoming increasingly apparent that radical new approaches may be required. Computational and mathematical approaches, combined with evolutionary reasoning, may provide new insights for the design of an efficacious AIDS vaccine. Here, we used codon-based substitution models and maximum-likelihood (ML) methods to identify positively selected sites that are likely to be involved in the immune control of HIV-1. Analysis of subtypes B and C revealed widespread adaptive evolution. Positively selected amino acids were detected in all nine HIV-1 proteins, including Env. Of particular interest was the high level of positive selection within the C-terminal regions of the immediate-early regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev. Many of the amino acid replacements were associated with the emergence of novel (or alternative) myristylation and casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylation sites. The impact of these changes on the conformation and antigenicity of Tat and Rev remains to be established. In rhesus macaques, a single CTL-associated amino substitution in Tat has been linked to escape from acute SIV infection. Understanding the relationship between host-driven positive selection and antigenic variation may lead to the development of novel vaccine strategies that preempt the escape process.

Published
2004

15. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and drug levels with combination ritonavir and saquinavir

Author

Kravcik, Stephen, Gallicano, Keith, Roth, Virginia, Cassol, Sharon, Hawley-Foss, Nanci, Badley, Andrew, and Cameron, D. WIlliam

Subjects
Ritonavir -- Evaluation, Saquinavir -- Evaluation, Cerebrospinal fluid -- Analysis, Viremia -- Measurement, Health
Abstract

The authors note that the combination of ritonavir and saquinavir are effective in keeping viral blood count low, but that the blood-brain barrier may keep the drugs from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), thereby allowing a safe haven for the HIV virus. Despite many variable factors which further study might clarify, the HIV RNA levels seem equally low in CSF as in blood.

Published
1999

17. MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY: HIV-1 and HCV sequences from Libyan outbreak

Author

de Oliveira, Tulio, Pybus, Oliver G., Rambaut, Andrew, Salemi, Marco, Cassol, Sharon, Ciccozzi, Massimo, Rezza, Giovanni, Gattinara, Guido Castelli, D'Arrigo, Roberta, Amicosante, Massimo, Perrin, Luc, Colizzi, Vittorio, and Perno, Carlo Federico

Published
2006

26. ]omparison of serum and plasma viral RNA measurements in primary and chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

Author

Rodriguez, Ray J., Dayhoff, Deborah E., Chang, George, Cassol, Sharon A., Birx, Deborah L., Artenstein, Andrew W., and Michael, Nelson L.

Subjects
HIV (Viruses) -- Measurement, RNA -- Measurement, Blood plasma -- Analysis, Serum -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Measuring HIV RNA in plasma or serum appears to give relatively similar counts. Blood plasma is blood with the blood cells removed and serum is plasma with fibrin removed. The level of HIV RNA in plasma or serum samples can predict disease progression and can also be used to monitor drug therapy. Researchers measured HIV RNA in 116 plasma and serum samples from five patients with primary HIV infection and three patients with chronic infection. Thirty-three samples were matched pairs. There was no significant difference between the RNA counts in plasma and serum.

Published
1997

27. BioAfrica's HIV-1 Proteomics Resource: Combining protein data with bioinformatics tools

Author

Gordon Michelle, Danaviah Sivapragashini, Seebregts Chris, De Oliveira Tulio, Doherty Ryan S, and Cassol Sharon

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Most Internet online resources for investigating HIV biology contain either bioinformatics tools, protein information or sequence data. The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive online proteomics resource that integrates bioinformatics with the latest information on HIV-1 protein structure, gene expression, post-transcriptional/post-translational modification, functional activity, and protein-macromolecule interactions. The BioAfrica HIV-1 Proteomics Resource http://bioafrica.mrc.ac.za/proteomics/index.html is a website that contains detailed information about the HIV-1 proteome and protease cleavage sites, as well as data-mining tools that can be used to manipulate and query protein sequence data, a BLAST tool for initiating structural analyses of HIV-1 proteins, and a proteomics tools directory. The Proteome section contains extensive data on each of 19 HIV-1 proteins, including their functional properties, a sample analysis of HIV-1HXB2, structural models and links to other online resources. The HIV-1 Protease Cleavage Sites section provides information on the position, subtype variation and genetic evolution of Gag, Gag-Pol and Nef cleavage sites. The HIV-1 Protein Data-mining Tool includes a set of 27 group M (subtypes A through K) reference sequences that can be used to assess the influence of genetic variation on immunological and functional domains of the protein. The BLAST Structure Tool identifies proteins with similar, experimentally determined topologies, and the Tools Directory provides a categorized list of websites and relevant software programs. This combined database and software repository is designed to facilitate the capture, retrieval and analysis of HIV-1 protein data, and to convert it into clinically useful information relating to the pathogenesis, transmission and therapeutic response of different HIV-1 variants. The HIV-1 Proteomics Resource is readily accessible through the BioAfrica website at: http://bioafrica.mrc.ac.za/proteomics/index.html

Published
2005
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30. Detection of incident HIV infection by PCR compared to serology

Author

Read, Stanley, Cassol, Sharon, Coates, Randall, Major, Carol, McLaughlin, Bernadette, Salas, Teresa, Francis, Angela, Fanning, Mary, MacFadden, Douglas, Shepherd, Frances, Calzavara, Liviana, Johnson, Kenneth, and O'Shaughnessy, Michael

Subjects
HIV infection -- Diagnosis, Polymerase chain reaction, Serology, Health
Published
1992

35. Vertical HIV transmission in South Africa: translating research into policy and practice

Author

Karim, Salim Abdool, Karim, Quarraisha Abdool, Adhikari, Miriam, Cassol, Sharon, Chersich, Matthew, Cooper, Peter, Coovadia, Ashraf, Coovadia, Hoosen, Cotton, Mark, Coutsoudis, Anna, Hide, Win, Hussey, Greg, Maartens, Gary, Madhi, Shabir, Martin, Des, Pettifor, John M, Rollins, Nigel, Sherman, Gayle, Thula, Stanley, Urban, Michael, Velaphi, Sithembiso, and Williamson, Carolyn

Subjects
Maternal-fetal exchange, HIV infection, Breast feeding, Public health -- Political aspects, South Africa -- Social policy
Published
2002

45. Optimization of the Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay, a Rapid and Inexpensive Test for Detection of HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations, for Non-North American Variants

Author

Beck, Ingrid A, primary, Crowell, Claudia, additional, Kittoe, Robin, additional, Bredell, Helba, additional, Machaba, Molefe, additional, Willamson, Carolyn, additional, Janssens, Wouter, additional, Jallow, Sabelle, additional, van der Groen, Guido, additional, Shao, Yiming, additional, Jacob, Mini, additional, Samuel, N M, additional, de Rivera, Ivette Lorenzana, additional, Ngo-Giang-Huong, Nicole, additional, Cassol, Sharon, additional, Alemnji, George, additional, and Frenkel, Lisa M, additional

Published
2008
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