21,332 results on '"Castagna A."'
Search Results
2. Can formal argumentative reasoning enhance LLMs performances?
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Castagna, Federico, Sassoon, Isabel, and Parsons, Simon
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Recent years witnessed significant performance advancements in deep-learning-driven natural language models, with a strong focus on the development and release of Large Language Models (LLMs). These improvements resulted in better quality AI-generated output but rely on resource-expensive training and upgrading of models. Although different studies have proposed a range of techniques to enhance LLMs without retraining, none have considered computational argumentation as an option. This is a missed opportunity since computational argumentation is an intuitive mechanism that formally captures agents' interactions and the information conflict that may arise during such interplays, and so it seems well-suited for boosting the reasoning and conversational abilities of LLMs in a seamless manner. In this paper, we present a pipeline (MQArgEng) and preliminary study to evaluate the effect of introducing computational argumentation semantics on the performance of LLMs. Our experiment's goal was to provide a proof-of-concept and a feasibility analysis in order to foster (or deter) future research towards a fully-fledged argumentation engine plugin for LLMs. Exploratory results using the MT-Bench indicate that MQArgEng provides a moderate performance gain in most of the examined topical categories and, as such, show promise and warrant further research.
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- 2024
3. Continual Model-based Reinforcement Learning for Data Efficient Wireless Network Optimisation
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Hasan, Cengis, Agapitos, Alexandros, Lynch, David, Castagna, Alberto, Cruciata, Giorgio, Wang, Hao, and Milenovic, Aleksandar
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Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
We present a method that addresses the pain point of long lead-time required to deploy cell-level parameter optimisation policies to new wireless network sites. Given a sequence of action spaces represented by overlapping subsets of cell-level configuration parameters provided by domain experts, we formulate throughput optimisation as Continual Reinforcement Learning of control policies. Simulation results suggest that the proposed system is able to shorten the end-to-end deployment lead-time by two-fold compared to a reinitialise-and-retrain baseline without any drop in optimisation gain., Comment: Published at ECML 2023
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- 2024
4. Polymorphic Records for Dynamic Languages
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Castagna, Giuseppe and Peyrot, Loïc
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Computer Science - Programming Languages ,F.3.3 ,D.1.1 - Abstract
We define and study "row polymorphism" for a type system with set-theoretic types, specifically union, intersection, and negation types. We consider record types that embed row variables and define a subtyping relation by interpreting types into sets of record values and by defining subtyping as the containment of interpretations. We define a functional calculus equipped with operations for field extension, selection, and deletion, its operational semantics, and a type system that we prove to be sound. We provide algorithms for deciding the typing and subtyping relations. This research is motivated by the current trend of defining static type system for dynamic languages and, in our case, by an ongoing effort of endowing the Elixir programming language with a gradual type system.
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- 2024
5. Callous-unemotional traits moderate the association between inhibitory control and disruptive behavior problems
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Castagna, Peter J., Babinski, Dara E., and Waschbusch, Daniel A.
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- 2024
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6. Assessing the Prevalence of Male Obesity-Associated Gonadal Dysfunction in Severe Obesity: A Focus on the Impact of Bariatric Surgery and Surgical Approaches
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Bombardieri, Alessio, Bufano, Annalisa, Fralassi, Noemi, Ciuoli, Cristina, Benenati, Nicoletta, Dalmiglio, Cristina, Voglino, Costantino, Tirone, Andrea, Vuolo, Giuseppe, and Castagna, Maria Grazia
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- 2024
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7. Anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty revision to reverse shoulder arthroplasty using convertible glenoid: a systematic review of clinical and radiological outcomes
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Ranieri, Riccardo, Anzillotti, Giuseppe, Rose, Giacomo Delle, Borroni, Mario, Garofalo, Raffaele, and Castagna, Alessandro
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- 2024
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8. The Multidimensional Prognostic Index predicts incident delirium among hospitalized older patients with COVID-19: a multicenter prospective European study
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Morganti, Wanda, Custodero, Carlo, Veronese, Nicola, Topinkova, Eva, Michalkova, Helena, Polidori, M. Cristina, Cruz‐Jentoft, Alfonso J., von Arnim, Christine A. F., Azzini, Margherita, Gruner, Heidi, Castagna, Alberto, Cenderello, Giovanni, Custureri, Romina, Seminerio, Emanuele, Zieschang, Tania, Padovani, Alessandro, Sanchez‐Garcia, Elisabet, and Pilotto, Alberto
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- 2024
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9. Computational Argumentation-based Chatbots: a Survey
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Castagna, Federico, Kokciyan, Nadin, Sassoon, Isabel, Parsons, Simon, and Sklar, Elizabeth
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Chatbots are conversational software applications designed to interact dialectically with users for a plethora of different purposes. Surprisingly, these colloquial agents have only recently been coupled with computational models of arguments (i.e. computational argumentation), whose aim is to formalise, in a machine-readable format, the ordinary exchange of information that characterises human communications. Chatbots may employ argumentation with different degrees and in a variety of manners. The present survey sifts through the literature to review papers concerning this kind of argumentation-based bot, drawing conclusions about the benefits and drawbacks that this approach entails in comparison with standard chatbots, while also envisaging possible future development and integration with the Transformer-based architecture and state-of-the-art Large Language models.
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- 2024
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10. Towards new challenges of modern Pentest
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Bertoglio, Daniel Dalalana, Gil, Arthur, Acosta, Juan, Godoy, Julia, Lunardi, Roben Castagna, and Zorzo, Avelino Francisco
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security - Abstract
With the increasing number of internet-based resources and applications, the amount of attacks faced by companies has increased significantly in the past years. Likewise, the techniques to test security and emulate attacks need to be constantly improved and, as a consequence, help to mitigate attacks. Among these techniques, penetration test (Pentest) provides methods to assess the security posture of assets, using different tools and methodologies applied in specific scenarios. Therefore, this study aims to present current methodologies, tools, and potential challenges applied to Pentest from an updated systematic literature review. As a result, this work provides a new perspective on the scenarios where penetration tests are performed. Also, it presents new challenges such as automation of techniques, management of costs associated with offensive security, and the difficulty in hiring qualified professionals to perform Pentest., Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. Paper presented at World Conference on Smart Trends in Systems, Security, and Sustainability (WorldS4 2023)
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- 2023
11. Polymorphic Type Inference for Dynamic Languages
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Castagna, Giuseppe, Laurent, Mickaël, and Nguyen, Kim
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Computer Science - Programming Languages - Abstract
We present a type system that combines, in a controlled way, first-order polymorphism with intersectiontypes, union types, and subtyping, and prove its safety. We then define a type reconstruction algorithm that issound and terminating. This yields a system in which unannotated functions are given polymorphic types(thanks to Hindley-Milner) that can express the overloaded behavior of the functions they type (thanks tothe intersection introduction rule) and that are deduced by applying advanced techniques of type narrowing(thanks to the union elimination rule). This makes the system a prime candidate to type dynamic languages.
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- 2023
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12. The challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): current status and future prospects
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Ferrara, Francesco, Castagna, Tommaso, Pantolini, Beatrice, Campanardi, Maria Chiara, Roperti, Martina, Grotto, Alessandra, Fattori, Martina, Dal Maso, Lucia, Carrara, Federica, Zambarbieri, Giulia, Zovi, Andrea, Capuozzo, Maurizio, and Langella, Roberto
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- 2024
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13. Victims of drug facilitated sexual assault aged 13-24: a cross sectional study on the pool of users of a sexual violence relief centre in Northern Italy
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Simonaggio, Cinzia, Rubini, Elena, Facci, Giulia, Castagna, Paola, Canavese, Antonella, Scotti, Lorenza, and Gino, Sarah
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- 2024
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14. Analytical performance of free testosterone calculated by direct immunoluminometric method compared with the Vermeulen equation: results from a clinical series
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Dalmiglio, Cristina, Bombardieri, Alessio, Mattii, Elisa, Sestini, Fausta, Fioravanti, Carla, Castagna, Maria Grazia, Fiorini, Marcello, Dotta, Francesco, and Cantara, Silvia
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- 2024
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15. Temporal adaptation of the postural control following a prolonged fin swimming
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Coq, Rémi, Watelain, Eric, and Castagna, Olivier
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- 2024
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16. Performance of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae reared on organic waste diets and pupal chitin and chitosan yield
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Adamaki-Sotiraki, Christina, Abenaim, Linda, Mannucci, Alessia, Rumbos, Christos I., Bedini, Stefano, Castagna, Antonella, Conte, Giuseppe, Tognocchi, Monica, Dolianitis, Victor, Athanassiou, Christos G., and Conti, Barbara
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- 2024
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17. A Serverless Architecture for Efficient and Scalable Monte Carlo Markov Chain Computation
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Castagna, Fabio, Trombetta, Alberto, Landoni, Marco, and Andreon, Stefano
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Computer power is a constantly increasing demand in scientific data analyses, in particular when Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are involved, for example for estimating integral functions or Bayesian posterior probabilities. In this paper, we describe the benefits of a parallel computation of MCMC using a cloud-based, serverless architecture: first, the computation time can be spread over thousands of processes, hence greatly reducing the time the user should wait to have its computation completed. Second, the overhead time required for running in parallel several processes is minor and grows logarithmically with respect to the number of processes. Third, the serverless approach does not require time-consuming efforts for maintaining and updating the computing infrastructure when/if the number of walkers increases or for adapting the code to optimally use the infrastructure. The benefits are illustrated with the computation of the posterior probability distribution of a real astronomical analysis., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Appeared in ICCBDC '23: Proceedings of the 2023 7th International Conference on Cloud and Big Data Computing - August 2023
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- 2023
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18. Cardiovascular health and cancer risk associated with plant based diets: An umbrella review.
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Capodici, Angelo, Mocciaro, Gabriele, Gori, Davide, Masini, Alice, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Fiore, Matteo, Coa, Angela, Castagna, Gisele, Gardner, Christopher, Guaraldi, Federica, and Landry, Matthew
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Humans ,Neoplasms ,Diet ,Vegetarian ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Risk Factors ,Diet ,Vegan - Abstract
CONTEXT: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer are the two main leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Suboptimal diet, poor in vegetables, fruits, legumes and whole grain, and rich in processed and red meat, refined grains, and added sugars, is a primary modifiable risk factor. Based on health, economic and ethical concerns, plant-based diets have progressively widespread worldwide. OBJECTIVE: This umbrella review aims at assessing the impact of animal-free and animal-products-free diets (A/APFDs) on the risk factors associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases, cancer and their related mortalities. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and Scopus were searched for reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published from 1st January 2000 to 31st June 2023, written in English and involving human subjects of all ages. Primary studies and reviews/meta-analyses based on interventional trials which used A/APFDs as a therapy for people with metabolic diseases were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: The umbrella review approach was applied for data extraction and analysis. The revised AMSTAR-R 11-item tool was applied to assess the quality of reviews/meta-analyses. RESULTS: Overall, vegetarian and vegan diets are significantly associated with better lipid profile, glycemic control, body weight/BMI, inflammation, and lower risk of ischemic heart disease and cancer. Vegetarian diet is also associated with lower mortality from CVDs. On the other hand, no difference in the risk of developing gestational diabetes and hypertension were reported in pregnant women following vegetarian diets. Study quality was average. A key limitation is represented by the high heterogeneity of the study population in terms of sample size, demography, geographical origin, dietary patterns, and other lifestyle confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Plant-based diets appear beneficial in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as CVDs, cancer risk and mortality. However, caution should be paid before broadly suggesting the adoption of A/AFPDs since the strength-of-evidence of study results is significantly limited by the large study heterogeneity alongside the potential risks associated with potentially restrictive regimens.
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- 2024
19. Can We “Play Dirty” in ESR Dating?
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Skinner, Anne R. and Castagna, Eva
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- 2024
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20. Convergent alterations in the tumor microenvironment of MYC-driven human and murine prostate cancer
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Mindy K. Graham, Rulin Wang, Roshan Chikarmane, Bulouere Abel, Ajay Vaghasia, Anuj Gupta, Qizhi Zheng, Jessica Hicks, Polina Sysa-Shah, Xin Pan, Nicole Castagna, Jianyong Liu, Jennifer Meyers, Alyza Skaist, Yan Zhang, Michael Rubenstein, Kornel Schuebel, Brian W. Simons, Charles J. Bieberich, William G. Nelson, Shawn E. Lupold, Theodore L. DeWeese, Angelo M. De Marzo, and Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
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Science - Abstract
Abstract How prostate cancer cells and their precursors mediate changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to drive prostate cancer progression is unclear, in part due to the inability to longitudinally study the disease evolution in human tissues. To overcome this limitation, we perform extensive single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and molecular pathology of the comparative biology between human prostate cancer and key stages in the disease evolution of a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of prostate cancer. Our studies of human tissues reveal that cancer cell-intrinsic activation of MYC signaling is a common denominator across the well-known molecular and pathological heterogeneity of human prostate cancer. Cell communication network and pathway analyses in GEMMs show that MYC oncogene-expressing neoplastic cells, directly and indirectly, reprogram the TME during carcinogenesis, leading to a convergence of cell state alterations in neighboring epithelial, immune, and fibroblast cell types that parallel key findings in human prostate cancer.
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- 2024
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21. Busulfan-fludarabine versus busulfan-cyclophosphamide for allogeneic transplant in acute myeloid leukemia: long term analysis of GITMO AML-R2 trial
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Gianluca Cavallaro, Anna Grassi, Chiara Pavoni, Maria Caterina Micò, Alessandro Busca, Irene Maria Cavattoni, Stella Santarone, Carlo Borghero, Attilio Olivieri, Giuseppe Milone, Patrizia Chiusolo, Pellegrino Musto, Riccardo Saccardi, Francesca Patriarca, Fabrizio Pane, Giorgia Saporiti, Paolo Rivela, Elisabetta Terruzzi, Raffaella Cerretti, Giuseppe Marotta, Angelo Michele Carella, Arnon Nagler, Domenico Russo, Paolo Corradini, Paolo Bernasconi, Anna Paola Iori, Luca Castagna, Nicola Mordini, Elena Oldani, Carmen Di Grazia, Andrea Bacigalupo, and Alessandro Rambaldi
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract We report the long-term results of a randomized trial (GITMO, AML-R2), comparing 1:1 the combination of busulfan and cyclophosphamide (BuCy2, n = 125) and the combination of busulfan and fludarabine (BuFlu, n = 127) as conditioning regimen in acute myeloid leukemia patients (median age 51 years, range 40–65) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. With a median follow-up of 6 years, significantly better non-relapse mortality (NRM) was confirmed in BuFlu recipients, which is sustained up to 4 years after transplant (10% vs. 20%, p = 0.0388). This difference was higher in patients older than 51 years (11% in BuFlu vs. 27% in BuCy2, p = 0.0262). The cumulative incidence of relapse, which was the first cause of death in the entire study population, did not differ between the two randomized arms. Similarly, the leukemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) were not different in the two cohorts, even when stratifying patients per median age. Graft-and relapse-free survival (GRFS) in BuFlu arm vs. the BuCy2 arm was 25% vs. 20% at 4 years and 20% vs. 17% at 10 years. Hence, the benefit gained by NRM reduction is not offsets by an increased relapse. Leukemia relapse remains a major concern, urging the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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- 2024
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22. Elevated plasma hepcidin concentrations are associated with an increased risk of mortality and nonfatal cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective study
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Alessandro Mantovani, Fabiana Busti, Nicolò Borella, Enrico Scoccia, Barbara Pecoraro, Elena Sani, Riccardo Morandin, Alessandro Csermely, Daniele Piasentin, Elisabetta Grespan, Annalisa Castagna, Josh Bilson, Christopher D. Byrne, Luca Valenti, Domenico Girelli, and Giovanni Targher
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Hepcidin ,Ferritin ,Type 2 diabetes ,Mortality ,Cardiovascular events ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Background The effect of plasma hepcidin concentrations on the long-term risk of developing adverse cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. Methods We followed for a median of 55.6 months 213 outpatients with established T2DM (45.5% women, mean age 69 ± 10 years; BMI 28.7 ± 4.7 kg/m2; median diabetes duration 11 years). Baseline plasma ferritin and hepcidin concentrations were measured with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and mass spectrometry-based assay, respectively. The primary study outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality or incident nonfatal cardiovascular events (inclusive of myocardial infarction, permanent atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, or new hospitalization for heart failure). Results 42 patients developed the primary composite outcome over a median follow-up of 55.6 months. After stratifying patients by baseline hepcidin tertiles [1st tertile: median hepcidin 1.04 (IQR 0.50–1.95) nmol/L, 2nd tertile: 3.81 (IQR 3.01-4-42) nmol/L and 3rd tertile: 7.72 (IQR 6.37–10.4) nmol/L], the risk of developing the primary composite outcome in patients in the 3rd tertile was double that of patients in the 1st and 2nd tertile combined (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.32, 95%CI 1.27–4.26; p = 0.007). This risk was not attenuated after adjustment for age, sex, adiposity measures, smoking, hypertension, statin use, antiplatelet medication use, plasma hs-C-reactive protein and ferritin concentrations (adjusted HR 2.53, 95%CI 1.27–5.03; p = 0.008). Conclusions In outpatients with T2DM, higher baseline hepcidin concentrations were strongly associated with an increased long-term risk of overall mortality or nonfatal cardiovascular events, even after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors, plasma ferritin concentrations, medication use, and other potential confounders.
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- 2024
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23. Long-term successfull management of recurrent episodes of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in an apparently healthy Chinese woman
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Angelo Roberto Raccagni, Giovanni Mori, Valeria Poletti de Chaurand, Raffaele Dell’Acqua, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Chiara Oltolini, Benedetta Mazzi, Francesco Scomazzoni, Antonella Castagna, and Monica Guffanti
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Nontuberculous mycobacteria ,Antimycobacterial therapy ,IL-12/IFN-γ pathway ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background Disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteria (dNTM) infections are mostly reported among individuals with an underlying congenital or acquired immunodeficiency or receiving immunosuppressive treatment, but are rarely documented in otherwise healthy subjects. Case presentation We describe a case of recurrent disseminated mycobacterial infection in an apparently immunocompetent Chinese woman. Mycobacterium szulgai and Mycobacterium avium-complex were identified in distinct episodes. Long-term antimycobacterial therapy was administered given the occurrence of recurrent events when off-treatment. Successful management over more than 10 years and immunologic data are reported. Conclusions This case-report highlights that dNTM should be suspected also among apparently immunocompetent hosts and that thorough assessment of underling immune-impairments is helpful to define patients’ management. Long-term antimycobacterial therapy and close monitoring is required to grant successful outcomes in case of recurrent dNTM infections.
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- 2024
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24. Fitness Testing and Preparation for Performance
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Castagna, Carlo, primary
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- 2024
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25. The Design Principles of the Elixir Type System
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Castagna, Giuseppe, Duboc, Guillaume, and Valim, José
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Computer Science - Programming Languages - Abstract
Elixir is a dynamically-typed functional language running on the Erlang Virtual Machine, designed for building scalable and maintainable applications. Its characteristics have earned it a surging adoption by hundreds of industrial actors and tens of thousands of developers. Static typing seems nowadays to be the most important request coming from the Elixir community. We present a gradual type system we plan to include in the Elixir compiler, outline its characteristics and design principles, and show by some short examples how to use it in practice. Developing a static type system suitable for Erlang's family of languages has been an open research problem for almost two decades. Our system transposes to this family of languages a polymorphic type system with set-theoretic types and semantic subtyping. To do that, we had to improve and extend both semantic subtyping and the typing techniques thereof, to account for several characteristics of these languages -- and of Elixir in particular -- such as the arity of functions, the use of guards, a uniform treatment of records and dictionaries, the need for a new sound gradual typing discipline that does not rely on the insertion at compile time of specific run-time type-tests but, rather, takes into account both the type tests performed by the virtual machine and those explicitly added by the programmer. The system presented here is "gradually" being implemented and integrated in Elixir, but a prototype implementation is already available. The aim of this work is to serve as a longstanding reference that will be used to introduce types to Elixir programmers, as well as to hint at some future directions and possible evolutions of the Elixir language.
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- 2023
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26. Convergent alterations in the tumor microenvironment of MYC-driven human and murine prostate cancer
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Graham, Mindy K., Wang, Rulin, Chikarmane, Roshan, Abel, Bulouere, Vaghasia, Ajay, Gupta, Anuj, Zheng, Qizhi, Hicks, Jessica, Sysa-Shah, Polina, Pan, Xin, Castagna, Nicole, Liu, Jianyong, Meyers, Jennifer, Skaist, Alyza, Zhang, Yan, Rubenstein, Michael, Schuebel, Kornel, Simons, Brian W., Bieberich, Charles J., Nelson, William G., Lupold, Shawn E., DeWeese, Theodore L., De Marzo, Angelo M., and Yegnasubramanian, Srinivasan
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- 2024
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27. Busulfan-fludarabine versus busulfan-cyclophosphamide for allogeneic transplant in acute myeloid leukemia: long term analysis of GITMO AML-R2 trial
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Cavallaro, Gianluca, Grassi, Anna, Pavoni, Chiara, Micò, Maria Caterina, Busca, Alessandro, Cavattoni, Irene Maria, Santarone, Stella, Borghero, Carlo, Olivieri, Attilio, Milone, Giuseppe, Chiusolo, Patrizia, Musto, Pellegrino, Saccardi, Riccardo, Patriarca, Francesca, Pane, Fabrizio, Saporiti, Giorgia, Rivela, Paolo, Terruzzi, Elisabetta, Cerretti, Raffaella, Marotta, Giuseppe, Carella, Angelo Michele, Nagler, Arnon, Russo, Domenico, Corradini, Paolo, Bernasconi, Paolo, Iori, Anna Paola, Castagna, Luca, Mordini, Nicola, Oldani, Elena, Di Grazia, Carmen, Bacigalupo, Andrea, and Rambaldi, Alessandro
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- 2024
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28. Elevated plasma hepcidin concentrations are associated with an increased risk of mortality and nonfatal cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective study
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Mantovani, Alessandro, Busti, Fabiana, Borella, Nicolò, Scoccia, Enrico, Pecoraro, Barbara, Sani, Elena, Morandin, Riccardo, Csermely, Alessandro, Piasentin, Daniele, Grespan, Elisabetta, Castagna, Annalisa, Bilson, Josh, Byrne, Christopher D., Valenti, Luca, Girelli, Domenico, and Targher, Giovanni
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- 2024
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29. Long-term successfull management of recurrent episodes of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in an apparently healthy Chinese woman
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Raccagni, Angelo Roberto, Mori, Giovanni, de Chaurand, Valeria Poletti, Dell’Acqua, Raffaele, Cirillo, Daniela Maria, Oltolini, Chiara, Mazzi, Benedetta, Scomazzoni, Francesco, Castagna, Antonella, and Guffanti, Monica
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- 2024
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30. Paradoxical effect of dopamine-agonists on IGF-1 in patients with prolactinoma: the role of weight
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Caprio, S., Pilli, T., Cantara, S., Sestini, F., Fioravanti, C., Ciuoli, C., Dalmiglio, C., Corbo, A., and Castagna, M. G.
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- 2024
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31. Fatal COVID-19 pulmonary disease involves ferroptosis
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Qiu, Baiyu, Zandkarimi, Fereshteh, Saqi, Anjali, Castagna, Candace, Tan, Hui, Sekulic, Miroslav, Miorin, Lisa, Hibshoosh, Hanina, Toyokuni, Shinya, Uchida, Koji, and Stockwell, Brent R.
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- 2024
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32. Exploring cognitive reserve’s influence: unveiling the dynamics of digital telerehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease Resilience
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Isernia, Sara, Di Tella, Sonia, Rossetto, Federica, Borgnis, Francesca, Realdon, Olivia, Cabinio, Monia, Pagliari, Chiara, Torchio, Alessandro, Castagna, Anna, Blasi, Valeria, Silveri, Maria Caterina, and Baglio, Francesca
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- 2024
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33. Does thyroid diseases contribute to the natural history of idiopathic adult-onset dystonia? Data from the Italian Dystonia Registry
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Idrissi, Sarah, Velucci, Vittorio, Esposito, Marcello, Trinchillo, Assunta, Habestwallner, Francesco, Belvisi, Daniele, Fabbrini, Giovanni, Ferrazzano, Gina, Rizzo, Vincenzo, Terranova, Carmen, Girlanda, Paolo, Pellicciari, Roberta, Avanzino, Laura, Di Biasio, Francesca, Marchese, Roberta, Bono, Francesco, Idone, Giovanni, Laterza, Vincenzo, Lettieri, Christian, Rinaldo, Sara, Eleopra, Roberto, Castagna, Anna, Altavista, Maria Concetta, Moschella, Vincenzo, Erro, Roberto, Barone, Paolo, Barbero, Pierangelo, Ceravolo, Roberto, Mazzucchi, Sonia, Mascia, Marcello Mario, Ercoli, Tommaso, Muroni, Antonella, Zibetti, Maurizio, Lopiano, Leonardo, Scaglione, Cesa Lorella Maria, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Petracca, Martina, Magistrelli, Luca, Cotelli, Maria Sofia, Cossu, Giovanni, Squintani, Giovanna Maddalena, De Santis, Tiziana, Schirinzi, Tommaso, Misceo, Salvatore, Pisani, Antonio, Berardelli, Alfredo, and Defazio, Giovanni
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- 2024
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34. High Propensity to Switch to Long-acting Injectable HIV PrEP with Cabotegravir in a Cohort of Oral PrEP Experienced Men who Have Sex with Men in Italy
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Raccagni, Angelo Roberto, Galli, Laura, Lucente, Maria Francesca, Candela, Caterina, Lolatto, Riccardo, Trentacapilli, Benedetta, Ponta, Giacomo, Messina, Emanuela, Gianotti, Nicola, Castagna, Antonella, and Nozza, Silvia
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- 2024
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35. Normalization of Spexin Levels in Patients with Obesity Submitted to Bariatric Surgery
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Bufano, Annalisa, Iraci Sareri, Gabriele, Ciuoli, Cristina, Cantara, Silvia, Marzocchi, Carlotta, Benenati, Nicoletta, Batzibal, Maria Simon, Bombardieri, Alessio, Caprio, Sonia, Sannino, Ida, Voglino, Costantino, Tirone, Andrea, Vuolo, Giuseppe, Dalmiglio, Cristina, and Castagna, Maria Grazia
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- 2024
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36. Expert-Free Online Transfer Learning in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
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Castagna, Alberto and Dusparic, Ivana
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Multiagent Systems - Abstract
Transfer learning in Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been widely studied to overcome training issues of Deep-RL, i.e., exploration cost, data availability and convergence time, by introducing a way to enhance training phase with external knowledge. Generally, knowledge is transferred from expert-agents to novices. While this fixes the issue for a novice agent, a good understanding of the task on expert agent is required for such transfer to be effective. As an alternative, in this paper we propose Expert-Free Online Transfer Learning (EF-OnTL), an algorithm that enables expert-free real-time dynamic transfer learning in multi-agent system. No dedicated expert exists, and transfer source agent and knowledge to be transferred are dynamically selected at each transfer step based on agents' performance and uncertainty. To improve uncertainty estimation, we also propose State Action Reward Next-State Random Network Distillation (sars-RND), an extension of RND that estimates uncertainty from RL agent-environment interaction. We demonstrate EF-OnTL effectiveness against a no-transfer scenario and advice-based baselines, with and without expert agents, in three benchmark tasks: Cart-Pole, a grid-based Multi-Team Predator-Prey (mt-pp) and Half Field Offense (HFO). Our results show that EF-OnTL achieve overall comparable performance when compared against advice-based baselines while not requiring any external input nor threshold tuning. EF-OnTL outperforms no-transfer with an improvement related to the complexity of the task addressed.
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- 2023
37. Alternative Measurement Approach for the Evaluation of Hot-Electron Degradation in p-GaN Gate AlGaN/GaN Power HEMTs
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Marcello Cioni, Giovanni Giorgino, Alessandro Chini, Antonino Parisi, Giacomo Cappellini, Cristina Miccoli, Maria Eloisa Castagna, Cristina Tringali, and Ferdinando Iucolano
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GaN ,HEMTs ,hot-electrons ,VTH drift ,RON-degradation ,Instruments and machines ,QA71-90 - Abstract
In this paper, a new method for evaluating hot-electron degradation in p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN power HEMTs is proposed. The method exploits a commercial parameter analyzer to study VTH and RON drifts induced by on-state stress at VDS = 50 V. The results show that VTH drift and part of the RON degradation induced by the on-state stress are recoverable and likely due to the ionization of C-related acceptors in the buffer. This was confirmed by a preliminary characterization of C-related buffer traps. Conversely, the remaining part of RON degradation (not recovered in 1000 s) was strongly affected by the surface treatment. The current level set during on-state stress affected the amount of non-recoverable degradation, confirming the involvement of hot electrons. Thanks to the monitoring of the parameters’ recovery, the proposed method provides important insights into the physical mechanisms governing the parameters’ degradation. This extends the capabilities of state-of-the art systems, without the need for custom setup development.
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- 2024
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38. Insidious Cases of Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct (EVA) Syndrome Resembling Otosclerosis: Clinical Features for Differential Diagnosis and the Role of High-Resolution Computed Tomography in the Pre-Operative Setting
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Giovanni Motta, Salvatore Allosso, Ludovica Castagna, Ghita Trifuoggi, Tonia Di Meglio, Domenico Testa, Massimo Mesolella, and Gaetano Motta
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enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) ,otosclerosis ,air–bone gap (ABG) ,conductive hearing loss (CHL) ,mixed hearing loss (MHL) ,third mobile window (TMW) ,Otorhinolaryngology ,RF1-547 - Abstract
Background: Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) syndrome can mimic otosclerosis in adults, presenting with an air–bone gap (ABG) and even absent stapedial reflexes. The ABG in inner-ear disorders is currently the object of several authors’ studies and seems to be related to a third mobile window (TMW) phenomenon. This can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Given that it would be inappropriate and harmful to perform CT scans in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of otosclerosis, this study aims to highlight some clinical features useful for the differential diagnosis between otosclerosis and these rare cases of EVA presenting with an ABG, thus enabling the identification of suspected cases to be tested with CT scans. Methods: Between April and May 2024, a narrative review was conducted focusing on the differential diagnosis between some rare cases of EVA and otosclerosis. Clinical, audiological, and radiologic features of both conditions were investigated. Results: This review demonstrates the diagnostic challenge in differentiating atypical cases of EVA from otosclerosis in a subset of patients. Clinical and audiological features are important for differential diagnosis, but may not always be sufficient. Therefore, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the temporal bone plays a pivotal role in definitive diagnosis. Conclusions: In some specific cases, pre-operative imaging assessment using HRCT emerges as an essential tool for differentiating these two conditions and avoiding unnecessary stapes surgery.
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- 2024
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39. Paradoxical effect of dopamine-agonists on IGF-1 in patients with prolactinoma: the role of weight
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S. Caprio, T. Pilli, S. Cantara, F. Sestini, C. Fioravanti, C. Ciuoli, C. Dalmiglio, A. Corbo, and M. G. Castagna
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Prolactinoma ,Dopamine-agonists ,IGF-1 ,Body mass index ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Abstract Purpose An increase of IGF-1 has been reported during therapy with dopamine agonists (DA) for prolactinomas; in such cases a correct diagnosis is pivotal to avoid an unnecessary reduction or withdrawal of DA, which are needed to maintain normal prolactin levels. This study was aimed to measure IGF-1 levels, at baseline and during follow-up, in a cohort of patients with prolactinoma, treated with cabergoline, stratified by body mass index. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 35 patients (15 F/20 M; age m ± SD, years: 43.4 ± 13.7) with prolactinoma (21 microadenomas and 14 macroadenomas) who were followed-up at the Endocrinology Unit, in Siena, and with available pituitary hormone assessment at baseline and during follow-up (m ± SD, years: 2.74 ± 0.55). Results IGF-1 increased in the whole cohort, but remaining within normal range, except two patients, in whom acromegaly was ruled out with oral glucose tolerance test. After dividing patients by weight, this trend was confirmed only in subjects with overweight and obesity (OV/OB) (p = 0.04). Interestingly, the reduction of prolactin levels was significantly greater in the OV/OB compared to normal-weight patients (median decrease of 97.5% versus 88.2%, p = 0.04). Conclusions Since DA and normalization of prolactin are known to improve insulin sensitivity, we speculated they have favored the increase of IGF-1 in OV/OB. Our results should be confirmed and the hypothesis proven by further studies.
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- 2024
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40. Fatal COVID-19 pulmonary disease involves ferroptosis
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Baiyu Qiu, Fereshteh Zandkarimi, Anjali Saqi, Candace Castagna, Hui Tan, Miroslav Sekulic, Lisa Miorin, Hanina Hibshoosh, Shinya Toyokuni, Koji Uchida, and Brent R. Stockwell
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Science - Abstract
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection causes severe pulmonary manifestations, with poorly understood mechanisms and limited treatment options. Hyperferritinemia and disrupted lung iron homeostasis in COVID-19 patients imply that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, may occur. Immunostaining and lipidomic analysis in COVID-19 lung autopsies reveal increases in ferroptosis markers, including transferrin receptor 1 and malondialdehyde accumulation in fatal cases. COVID-19 lungs display dysregulation of lipids involved in metabolism and ferroptosis. We find increased ferritin light chain associated with severe COVID-19 lung pathology. Iron overload promotes ferroptosis in both primary cells and cancerous lung epithelial cells. In addition, ferroptosis markers strongly correlate with lung injury severity in a COVID-19 lung disease model using male Syrian hamsters. These results reveal a role for ferroptosis in COVID-19 pulmonary disease; pharmacological ferroptosis inhibition may serve as an adjuvant therapy to prevent lung damage during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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- 2024
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41. Exploring cognitive reserve’s influence: unveiling the dynamics of digital telerehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease Resilience
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Sara Isernia, Sonia Di Tella, Federica Rossetto, Francesca Borgnis, Olivia Realdon, Monia Cabinio, Chiara Pagliari, Alessandro Torchio, Anna Castagna, Valeria Blasi, Maria Caterina Silveri, and Francesca Baglio
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
Abstract Telerehabilitation is emerging as a promising digital method for delivering rehabilitation to Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients, especially in the early stages to promote brain resilience. This study explores how cognitive reserve (CR), the brain’s ability to withstand aging and disease, impacts the effectiveness of telerehabilitation. It specifically examines the influence of lifelong cognitive activities on the relationship between neural reserve and improved functional abilities following rehabilitation. In the study, 42 PD patients underwent a 4-month neuromotor telerehabilitation program. CR proxies were assessed using the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq), brain changes via 3T-MRI, and functional response through changes in the 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD). Participants were divided into responders (n = 23) and non-responders (n = 19) based on their 6MWD improvement. A multiple regression model was run to test significant predictors of 6MWD after treatment in each group. The results revealed a significant correlation between 6MWD and CRIq scores, but only among responders. Notably, the CRIq Leisure-Time sub-index, along with baseline 6MWD, were predictors of post-treatment 6MWD. These findings highlight CR’s role in enhancing the benefits of telerehabilitation on PD patients’ neuromotor functions. Clinically, these results suggest that neurologists and clinicians should consider patients’ lifestyles and cognitive engagement as important factors in predicting and enhancing the outcomes of telerehabilitation. The study underscores the potential of CR as both a predictor and booster of telerehabilitation’s effects, advocating for a personalized approach to PD treatment that takes into account individual CR levels.
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- 2024
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42. Online Handbook of Argumentation for AI: Volume 3
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Bengel, Lars, Bezou-Vrakatseli, Elfia, Blümel, Lydia, Castagna, Federico, D'Agostino, Giulia, Odekerken, Daphne, Patil, Minal Suresh, Robinson, Jordan, Wu, Hao, and Xydis, Andreas
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
This volume contains revised versions of the papers selected for the third volume of the Online Handbook of Argumentation for AI (OHAAI). Previously, formal theories of argument and argument interaction have been proposed and studied, and this has led to the more recent study of computational models of argument. Argumentation, as a field within artificial intelligence (AI), is highly relevant for researchers interested in symbolic representations of knowledge and defeasible reasoning. The purpose of this handbook is to provide an open access and curated anthology for the argumentation research community. OHAAI is designed to serve as a research hub to keep track of the latest and upcoming PhD-driven research on the theory and application of argumentation in all areas related to AI.
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- 2022
43. The flat entropy profile at the outskirts of the Abell 2244 galaxy cluster
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Andreon, S., Moretti, A., Bohringer, H., and Castagna, F.
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Entropy is an advantageous diagnostics to study the thermodynamic history of the intracluster plasma of galaxy clusters. We present the entropy profile of the Abell 2244 galaxy cluster derived both exclusively using X-ray data from the low-background Swift XRT telescope and also using Planck y data. The entropy profile derivation using X-rays only is robust at least to the virial radius because the cluster brightness is large compared to the X-ray background at low energies, temperature is strongly bounded by the lack of cluster X-ray photons at energies kT>3 keV, and the XRT background is low, stable and understood. In the observed solid angle, about one quadrant, the entropy radial profile deviates from a power-law at the virial radius, mainly because of a sharp drop of the cluster temperature. This bending of the entropy profile is confirmed when X-ray spectral information is replaced by the Compton map. Clumping and non-thermal pressure support are insufficient to restore a power law entropy profile because they are bound to be small by: a) the agreement between mass estimates from different tracers (gas and galaxies), b) the agreement between entropy profile determinations based on combinations of observables with different sensitivities and systematics, and c) the low value of clumping as estimated using the azimuthal scatter and the gas fraction. Based on numerical simulations, ion-electron equilibration is also insufficient to restore a linear entropy profile. Therefore, the bending of the entropy profiles seems to be robustly derived and witnesses the teoretically-predicted decrease in the inflow through the virial boundary., Comment: MNRAS, in press
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- 2022
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44. Coadministration of isavuconazole and sirolimus in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
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Francesca Farina, Andrea Acerbis, Chiara Oltolini, Matteo Chiurlo, Elisabetta Xue, Daniela Clerici, Sarah Marktel, Sara Mastaglio, Alessandro Bruno, Simona Piemontese, Elisa Diral, Giorgio Orofino, Edoardo Campodonico, Consuelo Corti, Maria Teresa Lupo Stanghellini, Paolo Scarpellini, Raffaele Dell’Acqua, Antonella Castagna, Iacopo Peccatori, Fabio Ciceri, and Raffaella Greco
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) represent a major cause of morbidity among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Isavuconazole (ISA) is a broad-spectrum triazole with favorable safety profile. Objectives and design: Herein, we evaluate the real life coadministration of ISA and sirolimus in allo-HSCT recipients in a single-center retrospective analysis, describing clinical efficacy, safety, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of both drugs. Methods: All consecutive allo-HSCT recipients who received the coadministration of ISA and sirolimus for at least 2 weeks between July 2017 and December 2022 were included in this retrospective analysis. TDM was longitudinally performed during treatment. IFIs were classified according to the revised European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group consensus criteria. Results: A total of 51 recipients were included in the analysis. A total of 17 patients received ISA as continuous antifungal treatment for IFI diagnosed before transplant: one patient experienced a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and one patient switched from ISA to liposomal amphotericin B for a possible IFI. A total of 34 patients started ISA as antifungal therapy for IFI diagnosed after transplant. Sixteen of 34 were treated for a proven/probable breakthrough IFI during mold-active prophylaxis: 6/16 patients died for IFI after a median of 51 days of ISA. Eighteen of 34 started ISA as empirical therapy for a possible IFI: 15/18 patients were alive with resolution of infection after 6 weeks, 1 died for disease progression, and 2 had empirically changed antifungal therapy due to pneumonia progression. Clinical and radiological response rate was 68% after 90 days from IFI diagnosis. No toxicities related to drug–drug interaction have been registered in patients reaching concomitant therapeutic levels of ISA and sirolimus. Conclusion: The coadministration of ISA and sirolimus was safe and feasible in this cohort, confirming favorable clinical efficacy in patients with multiple-drug coadministration.
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- 2024
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45. Taravana syndrome and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a microbubble hypothesis for neurological accidents in breath-hold divers
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Arnaud Druelle, Olivier Castagna, Romain Roffi, Pierre Louge, Anthony Faivre, and Jean-Eric Blatteau
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neurological symptoms ,breath-hold diving ,decompression sickness ,bubble ,MRI ,Taravana ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Breath-hold diving is a challenging activity that can lead to serious and dangerous complications, such as the “Taravana” syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by the onset of neurological symptoms after deep or repeated dives. The main clinical manifestations are cerebral, including stroke and cognitive impairment. The pathophysiology of Taravana syndrome is still widely debated, but the most accepted theory is that it is a specific form of decompression sickness. We have reviewed the main theories explaining the onset of Taravana syndrome and, through the description of a particularly illustrative case of a freediver using an underwater scooter, we have formulated a hypothesis according to which micro-bubbles formed directly in cerebral structures would be at the origin of this syndrome. MRI showed diffuse encephalopathy with vasogenic edema. Analysis of the radiological sequences did not suggest an ischemic or embolic mechanism. This finding is likely to be associated with the diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. The rapid ascent speeds associated with underwater scooter use could potentially result in the formation of nitrogen micro-bubbles in the capillaries of brain tissue. The emergence of scooters in freediving can be a hazard because of their ability to facilitate very rapid ascents. It is therefore essential to take preventive measures to ensure the safety of users of these devices.
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- 2024
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46. Sorafenib maintenance after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with FLT3+ AML receiving midostaurin during induction and consolidation: a retrospective analysis
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Giuseppe Sapienza, Marta Castronovo, Stefania Tringali, Roberto Bono, Cristina Rotolo, Antonino Mulè, Valeria Calafiore, Caterina Patti, Cecilia Agueli, Valentina Randazzo, Alessandra Santoro, Domenica Matranga, and Luca Castagna
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acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ,relapse ,sorafenib ,allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT) ,maintenance ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
IntroductionAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse is the main cause of death after allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT). In AML FLT3+, it was shown that Sorafenib used as maintenance therapy after allo-SCT, significantly reduces the risk of relapse and death. MethodsWe analyzed 29 adult patients with FLT3m AML and underwent allogeneic stem cell transplant from 2019 to 2023. All patients received midostaurin plus conventional CT during induction and consolidation. After transplantation, Sorafenib maintenance was administered in all patients independently from MRD status at transplantation. ResultsSorafenib maintenance was applied in 18 patients out 29 patients (62%). Median time to start sorafenib was 100 days (range 37-225) and median duration of treatment was 775 days (range 140-1064). For the whole population (n=29), 2-year OS, LFS, and CIR was 76%, 68% and 28%, respectively. The median time to relapse was 137 days (range 49-246). For patients treated with sorafenib (n=18), the 2-year OS, LFS, and CIR were 94%, 84% and 11%, respectively. For the whole population, the 100-day NRM was 0% and 1-year NRM was 3%. Death was caused by transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy in 1 patient. For patients who were administered with Sorafenib, the 1-y NRM was 5%. Death was caused by transplant associated transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy. DiscussionThis retrospective study suggests that sorafenib maintenance seem to be effective even in patients pre-treated with midostaurin.
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- 2024
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47. Clinical and laboratory predictors of mpox severity and duration: an Italian multicentre cohort study (mpox-Icona)Research in context
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Valentina Mazzotta, Silvia Nozza, Simone Lanini, Davide Moschese, Alessandro Tavelli, Roberto Rossotti, Francesco Maria Fusco, Lorenzo Biasioli, Giulia Matusali, Angelo Roberto Raccagni, Davide Mileto, Chiara Maci, Giuseppe Lapadula, Antonio Di Biagio, Luca Pipitò, Enrica Tamburrini, Antonella d’Arminio Monforte, Antonella Castagna, Andrea Antinori, Spinello Antinori, Chiara Baiguera, Gianmaria Baldin, Matteo Bassetti, Paolo Bonfanti, Giorgia Brucci, Elena Bruzzesi, Caterina Candela, Antonio Cascio, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Andrea Delama, Gabriella D'Ettorre, Damiano Farinacci, Maria Rita Gismondo, Andrea Gori, Massimiliano Lanzafame, Miriam Lichtner, Giulia Mancarella, Alessandro Mancon, Giulia Marchetti, Emanuele Nicastri, Alessandro Pandolfo, Francesca Panzo, Stefania Piconi, Carmela Pinnetti, Alessandro Raimondi, Marco Ridolfi, Giuliano Rizzardini, Alessandra Rodanò, Margherita Sambo, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Nadia Sangiovanni, Daniele Tesoro, and Serena Vita
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mpox ,Severity ,MPOXV ,Evolution ,Recovery ,Ct-value ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Severe and prolonged mpox courses have been described during the 2022–2023 outbreak. Identifying predictors of severe evolution is crucial for improving management and therapeutic strategies. We explored the predictors of mpox severity and tested the association between mpox severity and viral load in biological fluids. We also analysed the predictors of disease duration and kinetics of inflammatory markers and described the viral presence and duration of shedding in biological fluids. Methods: This multicentre historical cohort study included adults diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed mpox diagnosis between May 2022 and September 2023 at 15 Italian centres. Patients were followed up from the day of diagnosis until clinical recovery. Biological fluids (blood, urine, saliva, and oropharyngeal and rectal swabs) were collected from each subgroup during the course of the disease and after healing. The primary outcomes were disease severity (presence of mucosal involvement, extended rash, or need for hospitalisation) and its association with the cycle threshold value (Ct-value, surrogate of viral load) in biological fluids, using standard linear and linear mixed-effect logistic regression models. Among the secondary outcomes, predictors of disease duration were assessed using a linear regression model. Findings: A total of 541 patients were enrolled, including four (0.74%) women, with a median age of 38 years (IQR 33–44). Among the 235 people living with HIV (PLWH) (43.44%), 22 (4.07%) had a CD4 count lower than 350 cells/μL. Severe mpox was reported in 215 patients (39.74%). No patient died. Multivariable analysis showed that, severe mpox was more likely among Caucasians (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.14–2.90, p = 0.012) and patients who had an onset of fever (1.95; 1.27–2.99, p = 0.002), lymphadenopathy (2.30; 1.52–3.48, p
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- 2024
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48. Migrant survivors of conflict-related sexual violence accessing a specialist health service in Turin, Italy: a qualitative analysis of clinical forensic interview transcripts
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Elena Rubini, Monica Trentin, Martina Valente, Stefano Cenati, Antonella Canavese, Paola Castagna, Luca Ragazzoni, and Sarah Gino
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conflict-related sexual violence ,gender-based violence ,sexual violence ,conflict ,migration ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
IntroductionThe Sexual Violence Relief center Soccorso Violenza Sessuale (SVS) is a specialist service, situated in Sant’Anna Hospital, an Obstetrics and Gynecology facility in Turin, North-West Italy. The study aimed to qualitatively analyze the transcripts of interviews routinely conducted by gynecologist and midwife in the first part of the medical examination of migrant patients accessing care at SVS after being subjected to conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) in their home country or during migration and to explore the adverse outcomes of such violence on their health.MethodsInterview transcripts were purposely selected to include adult migrant patients (age > 18) subjected to CRSV in the different phases of migration and accessing SVS from January 1st, 2014, to September 4th, 2023. Data was extracted from the SVS archive, anonymized, and thematically analyzed.Results and discussionIn total, 43 interview transcripts were eligible for inclusion. All of them were related to cisgender women of Sub-Saharan origin describing different forms of violence as a driver for migration. CRSV was disclosed by 18 survivors as occurring in their home country and by 31 in transit (e.g., Libya), the most reported type being rape. 49% of the patients described adverse physical outcomes of CRSV, while 72% reported psychological sequelae. The findings confirm high levels and different modalities of violence throughout the migratory route. Qualitative analysis of interview transcripts served as a valuable source for understanding how survivors described the CRSV they endured, its consequences, as well as other violence encountered during migration.
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- 2024
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49. Impact of Hemoglobin Levels on Composite Cardiac Arrest or Stroke Outcome in Patients With Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19
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Shi Nan Feng, BSPH, Thu-Lan Kelly, PhD, John F. Fraser, MD, PhD, Gianluigi Li Bassi, MD, PhD, Jacky Suen, PhD, Akram Zaaqoq, MD, MPH, Matthew J. Griffee, MD, Rakesh C. Arora, MD, Nicole White, PhD, Glenn Whitman, MD, Chiara Robba, MD, PhD, Denise Battaglini, MD, PhD, Sung-Min Cho, DO, MHS, on behalf of COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium (CCCC), Robert Bartlett, John F. Fraser, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Jacky Y. Suen, Heidi J. Dalton, John Laffey, Daniel Brodie, Eddy Fan, Antoni Torres, Davide Chiumello, Alyaa Elhazm, Carol Hodgson, Shingo Ichiba, Carlos Luna, Srinivas Murthy, Alistair Nichol, Pauline Yeung Ng, Mark Ogino, Aidan Burrell, Antonio Pesenti, Tala Al-Dabbous, Huda Alfoudri, Mohammed Shamsah, Subbarao Elapavaluru, Ashley Berg, Christina Horn, Yunis Mayasi, Stephan Schroll, Dan Meyer, Jorge Velazco, Ludmyla Ploskanych, Wanda Fikes, Rohini Bagewadi, Marvin Dao, Haley White, Alondra Berrios Laviena, Ashley Ehlers Maysoon, Shalabi-McGuire, Trent Witt, Lorenzo Grazioli, Luca Lorini, E. Wilson Grandin, Jose Nunez, Tiago Reyes, Diarmuid O’Briain, Stephanie Hunter, Mahesh Ramanan, Julia Affleck, Hemanth Hurkadli Veerendra, Sumeet Rai, Josie Russell-Brown, Mary Nourse, Mark Joseph, Brook Mitchell, Martha Tenzer, Ryuzo Abe, Hwa Jin Cho, In Seok Jeong, Nadeem Rahman, Vivek Kakar, Andres Oswaldo Razo Vazquez, Nicolas Brozzi, Omar Mehkri, Sudhir Krishnan Abhijit, Duggal Stuart Houltham, Jerónimo Graf, Roderigo Diaz, Roderigo Orrego, Camila Delgado, Joyce González, Maria Soledad Sanchez, Michael Piagnerelli, Josefa Valenzuela Sarrazin, A/Prof. Gustavo Zabert, Lucio Espinosa, Paulo Delgado, Victoria Delgado, Diego Fernando, Bautista Rincón, Angela Maria Marulanda Yanten, Melissa Bustamante Duque, Alyaa Elhazmi, Abdullah Al-Hudaib, Maria Callahan, M. Azhari Taufik, Elizabeth Yasmin Wardoyo, Margaretha Gunawan, Nurindah S Trisnaningrum, Vera Irawany, Muhammad Rayhan, Mauro Panigada, Alberto Zanella, Giacomo Grasselli, Sebastiano Colombo, Chiara Martinet, Gaetano Florio, Massimo Antonelli, Simone Carelli, Domenico L. Grieco, Motohiro Asaki, Kota Hoshino, Leonardo Salazar, Mary Alejandra Mendoza Monsalve, Bairbre McNicholas, David Cosgrave, Joseph McCaffrey, Allison Bone, Yusuff Hakeem, James Winearls, Mandy Tallott, David Thomson, Christel Arnold-Day, Jerome Cupido, Zainap Fanie, Malcom Miller, Lisa Seymore, Dawid van Straaten, Ali Ait Hssain, Jeffrey Aliudin, Al-Reem Alqahtani, Khoulod Mohamed, Ahmed Mohamed, Darwin Tan, Joy Villanueva, Ahmed Zaqout, Ethan Kurtzman, Arben Ademi, Ana Dobrita, Khadija El Aoudi, Juliet Segura, Gezy Giwangkancana, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Javier Osatnik, Anne Joosten, Minlan Yang, Ana Motos, Francisco Arancibia, Virginie Williams, Alexandre Noel, Nestor Luque, Marina Fantini, Ruth Noemi Jorge García, Enrique Chicote Alvarez, Anna Greti, Adrian Ceccato, Angel Sanchez, Ana Loza Vazquez, Ferran Roche-Campo, Diego Franch-Llasat, Divina Tuazon, Marcelo Amato, Luciana Cassimiro, Flavio Pola, Francis Ribeiro, Guilherme Fonseca, Heidi Dalton, Mehul Desai, Erik Osborn Hala Deeb, Antonio Arcadipane, Gennaro Martucci, Giovanna Panarello, Chiara Vitiello, Claudia Bianco, Giovanna Occhipinti, Matteo Rossetti, Raffaele Cuffaro, Sung-Min Cho, Glenn Whitman, Hiroaki Shimizu, Naoki Moriyama, Jae-Burm Kim, Nobuya Kitamura, Johannes Gebauer, Toshiki Yokoyama, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Sarah Buabbas, Esam Alamad, Fatma Alawadhi, Kalthoum Alawadi, Hiro Tanaka, Satoru Hashimoto, Masaki Yamazaki, Tak-Hyuck Oh, Mark Epler, Cathleen Forney, Louise Kruse, Jared Feister, Joelle Williamson, Katherine Grobengieser, Eric Gnall, Sasha Golden, Mara Caroline, Timothy Shapiro, Colleen Karaj, Lisa Thome, Lynn Sher, Mark Vanderland, Mary Welch, Sherry McDermott, Matthew Brain, Sarah Mineall, Dai Kimura, Luca Brazzi, Gabriele Sales, Giorgia Montrucchio, Tawnya Ogston, Dave Nagpal, Karlee Fischer, Roberto Lorusso, Rajavardhan Rangappa, Sujin Rai, Argin Appu, Mariano Esperatti, Nora Angélica Fuentes, Maria Eugenia Gonzalez, Edmund G. Carton, Ayan Sen, Amanda Palacios, Deborah Rainey, Gordan Samoukoviv, Josie Campisi, Lucia Durham, Emily Neumann, Cassandra Seefeldt, Octavio Falcucci, Amanda Emmrich, Jennifer Guy, Carling Johns, Kelly Potzner, Catherine Zimmermann, Angelia Espinal, Nina Buchtele, Michael Schwameis, Andrea Korhnfehl, Roman Brock, Thomas Staudinger, Stephanie-Susanne, Stecher Michaela Barnikel, Sófia Antón, Alexandra Pawlikowski, Akram Zaaqoq, Lan Anh Galloway, Caitlin Merley, Marc Csete, Luisa Quesada, Isabela Saba, Daisuke Kasugai, Hiroaki Hiraiwa, Taku Tanaka, Eva Marwali, Yoel Purnama, Santi Rahayu Dewayanti, Ardiyan, Dafsah Arifa Juzar, Debby Siagian, Yih-Sharng Chen, Indrek Ratsep, Andra-Maris Post, Piret Sillaots, Anneli Krund, Merili-Helen Lehiste, Tanel Lepik, Frank Manetta, Effe Mihelis, Iam Claire Sarmiento, Mangala Narasimhan, Michael Varrone, Mamoru Komats, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Catherine Harmon, S. Veena Satyapriya, Amar Bhatt, Nahush A. Mokadam, Alberto Uribe, Alicia Gonzalez, Haixia Shi, Johnny McKeown, Joshua Pasek, Juan Fiorda, Marco Echeverria, Rita Moreno, Bishoy Zakhary, Marco Cavana, Alberto Cucino, Giuseppe Foti, Marco Giani, Benedetta Fumagalli, Valentina Castagna, Andrea Dell’Amore, Paolo Navalesi, Hoi-Ping Shum, Alain Vuysteke, Asad Usman, Andrew Acker, Benjamin Smood, Blake Mergler, Federico Sertic, Madhu Subramanian, Alexandra Sperry, Nicolas Rizer, Erlina Burhan, Menaldi Rasmin, Ernita Akmal, Faya Sitompul, Navy Lolong, Bhat Naivedh, Simon Erickson, Peter Barrett, David Dean, Julia Daugherty, Antonio Loforte, Irfan Khan, Mohammed Abraar Quraishi, Olivia DeSantis, Dominic So, Darshana Kandamby, Jose M. Mandei, Hans Natanael, Eka YudhaLantang, Anastasia Lantang, Surya Oto Wijaya, Anna Jung, George Ng, Wing Yiu Ng, Shu Fang, Alexis Tabah, Megan Ratcliffe, Maree Duroux, Shingo Adachi, Shota Nakao, Pablo Blanco, Ana Prieto, Jesús Sánchez, Meghan Nicholson, Warwick Butt, Alyssa Serratore, Carmel Delzoppo, Pierre Janin, Elizabeth Yarad, Richard Totaro, Jennifer Coles, Bambang Pujo, Robert Balk, Andy Vissing, Esha Kapania, James Hays, Samuel Fox, Garrett Yantosh, Pavel Mishin, Saptadi Yuliarto, Kohar Hari Santoso, Susanthy Djajalaksana, Arie Zainul Fatoni, Masahiro Fukuda, Keibun Liu, Paolo Pelosi, Denise Battaglini, Juan Fernando Masa Jiménez, Diego Bastos, Sérgio Gaião, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, Young-Jae Cho, Su Hwan Lee, Tatsuya Kawasaki, Laveena Munshi, Pranya Sakiyalak, Prompak Nitayavardhana, Tamara Seitz, Rakesh Arora, David Kent, Daniel Marino, Swapnil Parwar, Andrew Cheng, Jennene Miller, Shigeki Fujitani, Naoki Shimizu, Jai Madhok, Clark Owyang, Hergen Buscher, Claire Reynolds, Olavi Maasikas, Aleksan Beljantsev, Vladislav Mihnovits, Takako Akimoto, Mariko Aizawa, Kanako Horibe, Ryota Onodera, Meredith Young, Timothy George, Kiran Shekar, Niki McGuinness, Lacey Irvine, Brigid Flynn, Tomoyuki Endo, Kazuhiro Sugiyama, Keiki Shimizu, Kathleen Exconde, Leslie Lussier, Gösta Lotz, Maximilian Malfertheiner, Lars Maier, Esther Dreier, Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti, Colin McCloskey, Al-Awwab Dabaliz, Tarek B Elshazly, Josiah Smith, Konstanty S. Szuldrzynski, Piotr Bielański, Keith Wille, Ken Kuljit, S. Parhar, Kirsten M. Fiest, Cassidy Codan, Anmol Shahid, Mohamed Fayed, Timothy Evans, Rebekah Garcia, Ashley Gutierrez, Tae Song, Rebecca Rose, Suzanne Bennett, Denise Richardson, Giles Peek, Lovkesh Arora, Kristina Rappapport, Kristina Rudolph, Zita Sibenaller, Lori Stout, Alicia Walter, Daniel Herr, Nazli Vedadi, Shaun Thompson, Julie Hoffman, Xiaonan Ying, Ryan Kennedy, Muhammed Elhadi, Matthew Griffee, Anna Ciullo, Yuri Kida, Ricard Ferrer Roca, JordI Riera, Sofia Contreras, Cynthia Alegre, Christy Kay, Irene Fischer, Elizabeth Renner, Hayato Taniguci, John Fraser, Jacky Suen, Adrian Barnett, Nicole White, Kristen Gibbons, Simon Forsyth, Amanda Corley, India Pearse, Samuel Hinton, Gabriella Abbate, Halah Hassan, Silver Heinsar, Varun A Karnik, Katrina Ki, Hollier F. O’Neill, Nchafatso Obonyo, Leticia Pretti Pimenta, Janice D. Reid, Kei Sato, Aapeli Vuorinen, Karin S. Wildi, Emily S. Wilson, Stephanie Yerkovich, James Lee, Daniel Plotkin, Barbara Wanjiru Citarella, Laura Merson, Emma Hartley, Bastian Lubis, Takanari Ikeyama, Balu Bhaskar, Jae-Seung Jung, Shay McGuinness, Glenn Eastwood, Sandra Rossi Marta, Fabio Guarracino, Stacy Gerle, Emily Coxon, Bruno Claro, Daniel Loverde, Namrata Patil, Vieri Parrini, Angela McBride, Kathryn Negaard, Angela Ratsch, Ahmad Abdelaziz, Juan David Uribe, Adriano Peris, Mark Sanders, Dominic Emerson, Muhammad Kamal, Pedro Povoa, Roland Francis, Ali Cherif, Sunimol Joseph, Matteo Di Nardo, Micheal Heard, Kimberly Kyle, Ray A Blackwell, Patrick Biston, Hye Won Jeong, Reanna Smith, Yogi Prawira, Arturo Huerta Garcia, Nahikari Salterain, Bart Meyns, Marsha Moreno, Rajat Walia, Amit Mehta, Annette Schweda, Moh Supriatna, Cenk Kirakli, Melissa Williams, Kyung Hoon Kim, Alexandra Assad, Estefania Giraldo, Wojtek Karolak, Martin Balik, Elizabeth Pocock, Evan Gajkowski, Kanamoto Masafumi, Nicholas Barrett, Yoshihiro Takeyama, Sunghoon Park, Faizan Amin, Fina Meilyana Andriyani, Serhii Sudakevych, Magdalena Vera, Rodrigo Cornejo, Patrícia Schwarz, Ana Carolina Mardini, Thais de Paula, Ary Serpa Neto, Andrea Villoldo, Alexandre Siciliano Colafranceschi, Alejandro Ubeda Iglesias, Juan Granjean, Lívia Maria Garcia Melro, Giovana Fioravante Romualdo, Diego Gaia, Helmgton Souza, Filomena Galas, Rafael Máñez Mendiluce, Alejandra Sosa, Ignacio Martinez, Hiroshi Kurosawa, Juan Salgado, Beate Hugi-Mayr, Eric Charbonneau, Vitor Salvatore Barzilai, Veronica Monteiro, Rodrigo Ribeiro de Souza, Michael Harper, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Celina Adams, Jorge Brieva, George Nyale, Faisal Saleem Eltatar, Jihan Fatani, Husam Baeissa, Ayman AL Masri, Ahmed Rabie, Mok Yee Hui, Masahiro Yamane, Hanna Jung, Ayorinde Mojisola Margaret, Newell Nacpil, Katja Ruck, Rhonda Bakken, Claire Jara, Tim Felton, Lorenzo Berra, Bobby Shah, Arpan Chakraborty, Monika Cardona, Gerry Capatos, Bindu Akkanti, Abiodun Orija, Harsh Jain, Asami Ito, Brahim Housni, Sennen Low, Koji Iihara, Joselito Chavez, Kollengode Ramanathan, Gustavo Zabert, Krubin Naidoo, Ian Seppelt, Marlice VanDyk, Sarah MacDonald, Randy McGregor, Teka Siebenaler, Hannah Flynn, Kristi Lofton, Toshiyuki Aokage, Kazuaki Shigemitsu, Andrea Moscatelli, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Matthias Baumgaertel, Serge Eddy Mba, Jana Assy, Amelya Hutahaean, Holly Roush, Kay A Sichting, Francesco Alessandri, Debra Burns, Gavin Salt, Carl P. Garabedian, Jonathan Millar, Malcolm Sim, Adrian Mattke, Danny McAuley, Jawad Tadili, Tim Frenzel, Yaron Bar-Lavie, Aaron Blandino Ortiz, Jackie Stone, Antony Attokaran, Michael Farquharson, Brij Patel, Derek Gunning, Kenneth Baillie, Pia Watson, Kenji Tamai, Gede Ketut Sajinadiyasa, Dyah Kanyawati, Marcello Salgado, Assad Sassine, Bhirowo Yudo, Scott McCaul, Bongjin Lee, Sang Min Lee, Arnon Afek, Yoshiaki Iwashita, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Jack Metiva, Nicole Van Belle, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Lenny Ivatt, Chia Yew Woon, Hyun Mi Kang, Timothy Smith, Erskine James, Nawar Al-Rawas, Yudai Iwasaki, Kenny Chan King-Chung, Vadim Gudzenko, Fabio Taccone, Fajar Perdhana, Yoan Lamarche, Joao Miguel Ribeiro, Nikola Bradic, Klaartje Van den Bossche, Oude Lansink, Gurmeet Singh, Gerdy Debeuckelaere, Henry T. Stelfox, Cassia Yi, Jennifer Elia, Thomas Tribble, Shyam Shankar, Raj Padmanabhan, Bill Hallinan, Luca Paoletti, Yolanda Leyva, Tatuma Fykuda, Jenelle Badulak, Jillian Koch, Amy Hackman, Lisa Janowaik, Deb Hernandez, Jennifer Osofsky, Katia Donadello, Aizah Lawang, Josh Fine, and Benjamin Davidson
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Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
OBJECTIVES:. Anemia has been associated with an increased risk of both cardiac arrest and stroke, frequent complications of COVID-19. The effect of hemoglobin level at ICU admission on a composite outcome of cardiac arrest or stroke in an international cohort of COVID-19 patients was investigated. DESIGN:. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database. SETTING:. A registry of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs at over 370 international sites was reviewed for patients diagnosed with cardiac arrest or stroke up to 30 days after ICU admission. Anemia was defined as: normal (hemoglobin ≥ 12.0 g/dL for women, ≥ 13.5 g/dL for men), mild (hemoglobin 10.0–11.9 g/dL for women, 10.0–13.4 g/dL for men), moderate (hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 and < 10.0 g/dL for women and men), and severe (hemoglobin < 8.0 g/dL for women and men). PATIENTS:. Patients older than 18 years with acute COVID-19 infection in the ICU. INTERVENTIONS:. None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:. Of 6926 patients (median age = 59 yr, male = 65%), 760 patients (11.0%) experienced stroke (2.0%) and/or cardiac arrest (9.4%). Cardiac arrest or stroke was more common in patients with low hemoglobin, occurring in 12.8% of patients with normal hemoglobin, 13.3% of patients with mild anemia, and 16.7% of patients with moderate/severe anemia. Time to stroke or cardiac arrest by anemia status was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression with death as a competing risk. Covariates selected through clinical knowledge were age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiac or neurologic conditions), pandemic era, country income, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Moderate/severe anemia was associated with a higher risk of cardiac arrest or stroke (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05–1.67). CONCLUSIONS:. In an international registry of ICU patients with COVID-19, moderate/severe anemia was associated with increased hazard of cardiac arrest or stroke.
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- 2024
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50. All-cause and AIDS-related mortality among people with HIV across Europe from 2001 to 2020: impact of antiretroviral therapy, tuberculosis and regional differences in a multicentre cohort studyResearch in context
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Christian Kraef, Erich Tusch, Sabine Singh, Lars Østergaard, Gerd Fätkenheuer, Antonella Castagna, Santiago Moreno, Katharina Kusejko, Bartosz Szetela, Anastasiia Kuznetsova, Janez Tomažič, Jovan Ranin, Robert Zangerle, Fredrik Mansson, Giulia Marchetti, Stéphane De Wit, Amanda Clarke, Jan Gerstoft, Daria Podlekareva, Lars Peters, Joanne Reekie, and Ole Kirk
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HIV ,AIDS ,Europe ,Eastern Europe ,Mortality ,Tuberculosis ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: All-cause and AIDS-mortality in Europe has been decreasing between 1996 and 2020. However, regional differences as well as their drivers remain unclear. This study investigates mortality differences and their drivers, including usage of and response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and active tuberculosis (TB), among people with HIV across Europe. Methods: People with HIV enrolled in EuroSIDA were followed from 2001 through 2020. Immunologic-virologic status (IVS) was categorized as poor (CD4-cell count ≤350 cells/mm3 and viral load (VL) > 200 copies/ml), good (CD4 ≥ 500 and VL
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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