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2. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author

Hyde, K. D., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P. D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A. M., Akulov, O. Y., Aleoshin, V. V., Al-Sadi, A. M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T. B., Anderson, J. L., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C. C. S., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D. M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A. H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D. F., Baral, H. O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F. R., Barbosa, R. N., Barreto, R. W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D. B., Reuel, M. Bennett, Bera, I., Bezerra, J. D. P., Bezerra, J. L., Bhat, D. J., Bhunjun, C. S., Bianchinotti, M. V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M. E. S., Caeiro, M. F., Cai, L., Cai, M. F., Calabon, M. S., Calaça, F. J. S., Callalli, M., Camara, M. P. S., Cano-Lira, J. F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J. R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M. D., Cavalcanti, L. H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M. L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W. H., Chen, Y. P., Chethana, K. W. T., Coleine, C., Condé, T. O., Corazon-Guivin, M. A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D. H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J. A., Crous, P. W., Cui, B. K., Cui, Y. Y., da Silva, D. K. A., da Silva, G. A., da Silva, I. R., da Silva, R. M. F., da Silva Santos, A. C., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Zoha, Daroodi, Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E. A., Dayarathne, M. C., Decock, C., de Groot, M. D., De Kesel, A., de la Cruz, T. E. E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C. M., Denchev, T. T., de Oliveira, N. T., de Silva, N. I., de Souza, F. A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J. C., Dima, B., Diniz, A. G., Dissanayake, A. J., Dissanayake, L. S., Doğan, H. H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z. Y., Dos Santos, L. A., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., Du, T. Y., Dubey, M. K., Dutta, A. K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T. F., Elshahed, M. S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H. C., Fan, X. L., Fan, Y. G., Fedosova, A. G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A. L., Fiuza, P. O., Flakus, A., de Souza, C. A.Fragoso, Frisvad, J. C., Fryar, S. C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A. J., Galindo, L. J., Gannibal, P. B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S. R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A. K., Ge, Z. W., Gené, D. J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A. J., Gibertoni, T. B., Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., de Farias, A. R. Gomes, Gorjón, S. P., Goto, B. T., Granados-Montero, M. M., Griffith, G. W., Groenewald, J. Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H. P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L. F.P., Gutierrez, A. C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y. F., Hapuarachchi, K. K., Harder, C. B., Harrington, T. C., Hattori, T., He, M. Q., He, S., He, S. H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K. T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S. K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J. S., Hurdeal, V. G., Hustad, V. P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jany, J. L., Jayalal, R. G.U., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G. H., Jesus, A. L., Jin, J., Johnston, P. R., Jones, E. B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G. P., Kang, J. C., Karakehian, J. M., Karimi, O., Karpov, S. A., Karunarathna, S. C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P. M., Kitaura, M. J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K. H., Latha, K. P.D., Lee, H. B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D. L., Lestari, A. S., Li, C. J.Y., Li, D. W., Li, H. Y., Li, L., Li, Q. R., Li, W. L., Li, Y., Li, Y. C., Liao, C. F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y. W., Lin, C. G., Linaldeddu, B. T., Linde, C. C., Linn, M. M., Liu, F., Liu, J. K., Liu, N. G., Liu, S., Liu, X. F., Liu, X. Z., Liu, Z. B., Lu, L., Lu, Y. Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lumbsch, H. T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z. L., Ma, J., Machado, A. R., Madagammana, A. D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D. S., Manawasinghe, I. S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D. S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, T. W., McKenzie, E. H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R. F.R., Mendes-Alvarenga, R. L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q. F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N., Mešić, A., Calvo, J. G.Meza, Mikhailov, K. V., Miller, S. L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J. M., Monteiro, J. S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H. M., Moreau, P. A., Mueller, G. M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L. G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C. M., Nascimento, C. C., Nei, Y., Neves, M. A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A. G.T., Nilsson, R. H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M. T., Noordeloos, M. E., Norphanphoun, C., Otaño, N. B.Nuñez, O’Donnell, R. P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, O. P., Pang, K. L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, O. L., Perera, R. H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A. J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C. L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C. A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K. N.A., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Rämä, T., Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A. R., Raza, M., Ren, G. C., Robledo, G. L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L. R., Salvador-Montoya, C. A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B. C., Samarakoon, M. C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santamaria, B., Santiago, A. L.C.M.A., Sarma, V. V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R. K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, L., Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I. C., Shabashova, T. G., Shen, H. W., Shen, Y. M., Silva-Filho, A. G.S., Simmons, D. R., Singh, R., Sir, E. B., Song, C. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sruthi, O. P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A. M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S. L., Strassert, J. F.H., Su, H. L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y. R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T. H., Tanaka, K., Tang, A. M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J. B., Tavakol, N. M., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D. S., Thamodini, G. K., Thines, M., Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P. V., Tian, Q., Tian, W. H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, D., Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W. A., Uzunov, B. A., Valle, L. G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R. K., Vieira, L. C., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A. K., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wang, C. G., Wang, K., Wang, S. X., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D. P., Wei, X. L., White, J. F., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wijesinghe, S. N., Wijesundara, D. S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F. R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H. X., Wu, N., Wu, W. P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y. P., Xiong, Y. R., Xu, B., Xu, L. J., Xu, R., Xu, T. M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J. Y., Yang, H. D., Yang, J., Yang, Z. L., Yang, Y. H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N. H., Yu, F. M., Yu, Q., Yu, X. D., Yu, Y. X., Yu, Z. F., Yuan, H. S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, A., Zafari, D., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zeng, M., Zeng, N. K., Zeng, X. Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J. F., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, Q. Y., Zhang, S. N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C. L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. L., Zhou, L. W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M. P., Zin, H. H., Zucconi, L., Hyde, K. D., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P. D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A. M., Akulov, O. Y., Aleoshin, V. V., Al-Sadi, A. M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T. B., Anderson, J. L., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C. C. S., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D. M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A. H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D. F., Baral, H. O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F. R., Barbosa, R. N., Barreto, R. W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D. B., Reuel, M. Bennett, Bera, I., Bezerra, J. D. P., Bezerra, J. L., Bhat, D. J., Bhunjun, C. S., Bianchinotti, M. V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M. E. S., Caeiro, M. F., Cai, L., Cai, M. F., Calabon, M. S., Calaça, F. J. S., Callalli, M., Camara, M. P. S., Cano-Lira, J. F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J. R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M. D., Cavalcanti, L. H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M. L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W. H., Chen, Y. P., Chethana, K. W. T., Coleine, C., Condé, T. O., Corazon-Guivin, M. A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D. H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J. A., Crous, P. W., Cui, B. K., Cui, Y. Y., da Silva, D. K. A., da Silva, G. A., da Silva, I. R., da Silva, R. M. F., da Silva Santos, A. C., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Zoha, Daroodi, Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E. A., Dayarathne, M. C., Decock, C., de Groot, M. D., De Kesel, A., de la Cruz, T. E. E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C. M., Denchev, T. T., de Oliveira, N. T., de Silva, N. I., de Souza, F. A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J. C., Dima, B., Diniz, A. G., Dissanayake, A. J., Dissanayake, L. S., Doğan, H. H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z. Y., Dos Santos, L. A., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., Du, T. Y., Dubey, M. K., Dutta, A. K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T. F., Elshahed, M. S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H. C., Fan, X. L., Fan, Y. G., Fedosova, A. G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A. L., Fiuza, P. O., Flakus, A., de Souza, C. A.Fragoso, Frisvad, J. C., Fryar, S. C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A. J., Galindo, L. J., Gannibal, P. B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S. R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A. K., Ge, Z. W., Gené, D. J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A. J., Gibertoni, T. B., Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., de Farias, A. R. Gomes, Gorjón, S. P., Goto, B. T., Granados-Montero, M. M., Griffith, G. W., Groenewald, J. Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H. P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L. F.P., Gutierrez, A. C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y. F., Hapuarachchi, K. K., Harder, C. B., Harrington, T. C., Hattori, T., He, M. Q., He, S., He, S. H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K. T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S. K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J. S., Hurdeal, V. G., Hustad, V. P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jany, J. L., Jayalal, R. G.U., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G. H., Jesus, A. L., Jin, J., Johnston, P. R., Jones, E. B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G. P., Kang, J. C., Karakehian, J. M., Karimi, O., Karpov, S. A., Karunarathna, S. C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P. M., Kitaura, M. J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K. H., Latha, K. P.D., Lee, H. B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D. L., Lestari, A. S., Li, C. J.Y., Li, D. W., Li, H. Y., Li, L., Li, Q. R., Li, W. L., Li, Y., Li, Y. C., Liao, C. F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y. W., Lin, C. G., Linaldeddu, B. T., Linde, C. C., Linn, M. M., Liu, F., Liu, J. K., Liu, N. G., Liu, S., Liu, X. F., Liu, X. Z., Liu, Z. B., Lu, L., Lu, Y. Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lumbsch, H. T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z. L., Ma, J., Machado, A. R., Madagammana, A. D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D. S., Manawasinghe, I. S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D. S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, T. W., McKenzie, E. H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R. F.R., Mendes-Alvarenga, R. L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q. F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N., Mešić, A., Calvo, J. G.Meza, Mikhailov, K. V., Miller, S. L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J. M., Monteiro, J. S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H. M., Moreau, P. A., Mueller, G. M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L. G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C. M., Nascimento, C. C., Nei, Y., Neves, M. A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A. G.T., Nilsson, R. H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M. T., Noordeloos, M. E., Norphanphoun, C., Otaño, N. B.Nuñez, O’Donnell, R. P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, O. P., Pang, K. L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, O. L., Perera, R. H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A. J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C. L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C. A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K. N.A., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Rämä, T., Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A. R., Raza, M., Ren, G. C., Robledo, G. L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L. R., Salvador-Montoya, C. A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B. C., Samarakoon, M. C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santamaria, B., Santiago, A. L.C.M.A., Sarma, V. V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R. K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, L., Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I. C., Shabashova, T. G., Shen, H. W., Shen, Y. M., Silva-Filho, A. G.S., Simmons, D. R., Singh, R., Sir, E. B., Song, C. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sruthi, O. P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A. M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S. L., Strassert, J. F.H., Su, H. L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y. R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T. H., Tanaka, K., Tang, A. M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J. B., Tavakol, N. M., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D. S., Thamodini, G. K., Thines, M., Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P. V., Tian, Q., Tian, W. H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, D., Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W. A., Uzunov, B. A., Valle, L. G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R. K., Vieira, L. C., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A. K., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wang, C. G., Wang, K., Wang, S. X., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D. P., Wei, X. L., White, J. F., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wijesinghe, S. N., Wijesundara, D. S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F. R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H. X., Wu, N., Wu, W. P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y. P., Xiong, Y. R., Xu, B., Xu, L. J., Xu, R., Xu, T. M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J. Y., Yang, H. D., Yang, J., Yang, Z. L., Yang, Y. H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N. H., Yu, F. M., Yu, Q., Yu, X. D., Yu, Y. X., Yu, Z. F., Yuan, H. S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, A., Zafari, D., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zeng, M., Zeng, N. K., Zeng, X. Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J. F., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, Q. Y., Zhang, S. N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C. L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. L., Zhou, L. W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M. P., Zin, H. H., and Zucconi, L.

Abstract

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, 'to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation', or 'are there too many genera in the Boletales?' and even more importantly, 'what should be done with the tremendously diverse 'dark fungal taxa?' There are undeniable differences in mycologists' perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee

Published
2023

4. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author

Sub Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Molecular Microbiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Sub Molecular Microbiology, Sub Molecular Plant Physiology, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Molecular Microbiology, Molecular Plant Physiology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H.J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Karalti, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J.L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C.S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y. P., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J.M., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.

Published
2021

5. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Author

Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Ž, Karalti, İ, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Yu Pei, Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., Thines, M., Crous, P. W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K. A., Schroers, H. J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G. H. J., Lamprecht, S. C., Cai, L., Rossman, A. Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R. C., Taylor, J. W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C. M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J. C., Abdel-Azeem, A. M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J. F., Araújo, J. P. M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Ben Hadj Amor, A., Bezerra, J. D. P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M. P. S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C. A., de Vries, R. P., Ezekiel, C. N., Fan, X. L., Fernández, N. B., Gaya, E., González, C. D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J. Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V. K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K. D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P. R., Jurjević, Ž, Karalti, İ, Korsten, L., Kuramae, E. E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D. P., Lee, H. B., Lechat, C., Li, H. Y., Litovka, Y. A., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Marin-Felix, Y., Matio Kemkuignou, B., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R. H., Noumeur, S. R., Pavlov, I. N., Peralta, M. P., Phillips, A. J. L., Pitt, J. I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R. A., Santos, A. C. S., Shivas, R. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sun, G. Y., Swart, W. J., Szoke, S., Tan, Yu Pei, Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W. J., Tiago, P. V., Váczy, K. Z., van de Wiele, N., van der Merwe, N. A., Verkley, G. J. M., Vieira, W. A. S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B. S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Xia, J. W., Yáñez-Morales, M. J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zhang, C. L., and Thines, M.

Abstract

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th

Published
2021

6. Fungal Planet description sheets: 320-370

Author

Crous, P W, Wingfield, M J, Guarro, J, Hernández-Restrepo, M, Sutton, D A, Acharya, K, Barber, P A, Boekhout, T, Dimitrov, R A, Dueñas, M, Dutta, A K, Gené, J, Gouliamova, D E, Groenewald, M, Lombard, L, Morozova, O V, Sarkar, J, Smith, M Th, Stchigel, A M, Wiederhold, N P, Alexandrova, A V, Antelmi, I, Armengol, J, Barnes, I, Cano-Lira, J F, Castañeda Ruiz, R F, Contu, M, Courtecuisse, Pr R, da Silveira, A L, Decock, C A, de Goes, A, Edathodu, J, Ercole, E, Firmino, A C, Fourie, A, Fournier, J, Furtado, E L, Geering, A D W, Gershenzon, J, Giraldo, A, Gramaje, D, Hammerbacher, A, He, X-L, Haryadi, D, Khemmuk, W, Kovalenko, A E, Krawczynski, R, Laich, F, Lechat, C, Lopes, U P, Madrid, H, Malysheva, E F, Marín-Felix, Y, Martín, M P, Mostert, L, Nigro, F, Pereira, O L, Picillo, B, Pinho, D B, Popov, E S, Rodas Peláez, C A, Rooney-Latham, S, Sandoval-Denis, M, Shivas, R G, Silva, V, Stoilova-Disheva, M M, Telleria, M T, Ullah, C, Unsicker, S B, van der Merwe, N A, Vizzini, A, Wagner, H-G, Wong, P T W, Wood, A R, Groenewald, J Z, Crous, P W, Wingfield, M J, Guarro, J, Hernández-Restrepo, M, Sutton, D A, Acharya, K, Barber, P A, Boekhout, T, Dimitrov, R A, Dueñas, M, Dutta, A K, Gené, J, Gouliamova, D E, Groenewald, M, Lombard, L, Morozova, O V, Sarkar, J, Smith, M Th, Stchigel, A M, Wiederhold, N P, Alexandrova, A V, Antelmi, I, Armengol, J, Barnes, I, Cano-Lira, J F, Castañeda Ruiz, R F, Contu, M, Courtecuisse, Pr R, da Silveira, A L, Decock, C A, de Goes, A, Edathodu, J, Ercole, E, Firmino, A C, Fourie, A, Fournier, J, Furtado, E L, Geering, A D W, Gershenzon, J, Giraldo, A, Gramaje, D, Hammerbacher, A, He, X-L, Haryadi, D, Khemmuk, W, Kovalenko, A E, Krawczynski, R, Laich, F, Lechat, C, Lopes, U P, Madrid, H, Malysheva, E F, Marín-Felix, Y, Martín, M P, Mostert, L, Nigro, F, Pereira, O L, Picillo, B, Pinho, D B, Popov, E S, Rodas Peláez, C A, Rooney-Latham, S, Sandoval-Denis, M, Shivas, R G, Silva, V, Stoilova-Disheva, M M, Telleria, M T, Ullah, C, Unsicker, S B, van der Merwe, N A, Vizzini, A, Wagner, H-G, Wong, P T W, Wood, A R, and Groenewald, J Z

Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from Eucalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia mangium, Emarcea eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana, Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus pellita, Pilidiella eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana and Strelitziana malaysiana from Acacia mangium. Furthermore, Stachybotrys sansevieriicola is described from Sansevieria ehrenbergii (Tanzania), Phacidium grevilleae from Grevillea robusta (Uganda), Graphium jumulu from Adansonia gregorii and Ophiostoma eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus marginata (Australia), Pleurophoma ossicola from bone and Plectosphaerella populi from Populus nigra (Germany), Colletotrichum neosansevieriae from Sansevieria trifasciata, Elsinoë othonnae from Othonna quinquedentata and Zeloasperisporium cliviae (Zeloasperisporiaceae fam. nov.) from Clivia sp. (South Africa), Neodevriesia pakbiae, Phaeophleospora hymenocallidis and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola on leaves of a fern (Thailand), Melanconium elaeidicola from Elaeis guineensis (Indonesia), Hormonema viticola from Vitis vinifera (Canary Islands), Chlorophyllum pseudoglobossum from a grassland (India), Triadelphia disseminata from an immunocompromised patient (Saudi Arabia), Colletotrichum abscissum from Citrus (Brazil), Polyschema sclerotigenum and Phialemonium limoniforme from human patients (USA), Cadophora vitícola from Vitis vinifera (Spain), Entoloma flavovelutinum and Bolbitius aurantiorugosus from soil (Vietnam), Rhizopogon granuloflavus from soil (Cape Verde Islands), Tulasnella eremophila from Euphorbia officinarum subsp. echinus (Morocco), Verrucostoma martinicensis from Danaea elliptica (French West Indies), Metschnikowia colchici from Colchicum autumnale (Bulgaria), Thelebolus microcarpus from soil (Argentina) and Ceratocystis adelpha from Theobroma cacao (Ecuador). Myrmecridium iridis (Myrmecridiales ord. nov., Myrmecridiaceae fam. nov.) is also d

Published
2015

7. Fungal Planet description sheets: 320–370

Author

Crous, P. W., Wingfield, M. J., Guarro, J., Hernández Restrepo, M., Sutton, D. A., Acharya, K., Barber, P. A., Boekhout, T., Dimitrov, R. A., Dueñas, Margarita, Dutta, A. K., Gené, J., Gouliamova, D. E., Groenewald, M., Lombard, L., Morozova, O. V., Sarkar, J., Smith, M. Th., Stchigel, A. M., Wiederhold, N. P., Alexandrova, A. V., Antelmi, I., Armengol, Josep, Barnes, I., Cano Lira. J. F., Castañeda Ruiz, R. F., Contu, M., Courtecuisse, Pr. R., Silveira, A. L. da, Decock, C. A., Goes, A. de, Edathodu, J., Ercole, E., Firmino, A. C., Fourie, A., Fournier, J., Furtado, E. L., Geering, A. D. W., Gershenzon, J., Giraldo, A., Gramaje, David, Hammerbacher, A., He, X. L., Haryadi, D., Khemmuk, W., Kovalenko, A. E., Krawczynski, R., Laich, F., Lechat, C., Lopes, U. P., Madrid, H., Malysheva, E. F., Marín Felix, Y., Martín, María P., Mostert L, Nigro, F., Pereira, O. L., Picillo, B., Pinho, E. S., Popov, D. B., Rodas Peláez CA, Rooney-Latham S, Sandoval Denis, M., Shivas, R. G., Silva, V., Stoilova Disheva, M. M., Telleria, M. T., Ullah, C., Unsicker, S. B., Merwe, N. A. van der, Vizzini, Alfredo, Wagner, H. G., Groenewald, J. Z., Wong, P. T. W., Wood, A. R., Crous, P. W., Wingfield, M. J., Guarro, J., Hernández Restrepo, M., Sutton, D. A., Acharya, K., Barber, P. A., Boekhout, T., Dimitrov, R. A., Dueñas, Margarita, Dutta, A. K., Gené, J., Gouliamova, D. E., Groenewald, M., Lombard, L., Morozova, O. V., Sarkar, J., Smith, M. Th., Stchigel, A. M., Wiederhold, N. P., Alexandrova, A. V., Antelmi, I., Armengol, Josep, Barnes, I., Cano Lira. J. F., Castañeda Ruiz, R. F., Contu, M., Courtecuisse, Pr. R., Silveira, A. L. da, Decock, C. A., Goes, A. de, Edathodu, J., Ercole, E., Firmino, A. C., Fourie, A., Fournier, J., Furtado, E. L., Geering, A. D. W., Gershenzon, J., Giraldo, A., Gramaje, David, Hammerbacher, A., He, X. L., Haryadi, D., Khemmuk, W., Kovalenko, A. E., Krawczynski, R., Laich, F., Lechat, C., Lopes, U. P., Madrid, H., Malysheva, E. F., Marín Felix, Y., Martín, María P., Mostert L, Nigro, F., Pereira, O. L., Picillo, B., Pinho, E. S., Popov, D. B., Rodas Peláez CA, Rooney-Latham S, Sandoval Denis, M., Shivas, R. G., Silva, V., Stoilova Disheva, M. M., Telleria, M. T., Ullah, C., Unsicker, S. B., Merwe, N. A. van der, Vizzini, Alfredo, Wagner, H. G., Groenewald, J. Z., Wong, P. T. W., and Wood, A. R.

Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from Eucalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia mangium, Emarcea eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana, Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus pellita, Pilidiella eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana and Strelitziana malaysiana from Acacia mangium. Furthermore, Stachybotrys sansevieriicola is described from Sansevieria ehrenbergii (Tanzania), Phacidium grevilleae from Grevillea robusta (Uganda), Graphium jumulu from Adansonia gregorii and Ophiostoma eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus marginata (Australia), Pleurophoma ossicola from bone and Plectosphaerella populi from Populus nigra (Germany), Colletotrichum neosansevieriae from Sansevieria trifasciata, Elsinoë othonnae from Othonna quinquedentata and Zeloasperisporium cliviae (Zeloasperisporiaceae fam. nov.) from Clivia sp. (South Africa), Neodevriesia pakbiae, Phaeophleospora hymenocallidis and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola on leaves of a fern (Thailand), Melanconium elaeidicola from Elaeis guineensis (Indonesia), Hormonema viticola from Vitis vinifera (Canary Islands), Chlorophyllum pseudoglobossum from a grassland (India), Triadelphia disseminata from an immunocompromised patient (Saudi Arabia), Colletotrichum abscissum from Citrus (Brazil), Polyschema sclerotigenum and Phialemonium limoniforme from human patients (USA), Cadophora vitícola from Vitis vinifera (Spain), Entoloma flavovelutinum and Bolbitius aurantiorugosus from soil (Vietnam), Rhizopogon granuloflavus from soil (Cape Verde Islands), Tulasnella eremophila from Euphorbia officinarum subsp. echinus (Morocco), Verrucostoma martinicensis from Danaea elliptica (French West Indies), Metschnikowia colchici from Colchicum autumnale (Bulgaria), Thelebolus microcarpus from soil (Argentina) and Ceratocystis adelpha from Theobroma cacao (Ecuador). Myrmecridium iridis (Myrmecridiales ord. nov., Myrmecridiaceae fam. nov.) is also desc

Published
2015

11. Fusarium : more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell.

Author

Crous PW, Lombard L, Sandoval-Denis M, Seifert KA, Schroers HJ, Chaverri P, Gené J, Guarro J, Hirooka Y, Bensch K, Kema GHJ, Lamprecht SC, Cai L, Rossman AY, Stadler M, Summerbell RC, Taylor JW, Ploch S, Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Frisvad JC, Abdel-Azeem AM, Abdollahzadeh J, Abdolrasouli A, Akulov A, Alberts JF, Araújo JPM, Ariyawansa HA, Bakhshi M, Bendiksby M, Ben Hadj Amor A, Bezerra JDP, Boekhout T, Câmara MPS, Carbia M, Cardinali G, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Celis A, Chaturvedi V, Collemare J, Croll D, Damm U, Decock CA, de Vries RP, Ezekiel CN, Fan XL, Fernández NB, Gaya E, González CD, Gramaje D, Groenewald JZ, Grube M, Guevara-Suarez M, Gupta VK, Guarnaccia V, Haddaji A, Hagen F, Haelewaters D, Hansen K, Hashimoto A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Houbraken J, Hubka V, Hyde KD, Iturriaga T, Jeewon R, Johnston PR, Jurjević Ž, Karalti I, Korsten L, Kuramae EE, Kušan I, Labuda R, Lawrence DP, Lee HB, Lechat C, Li HY, Litovka YA, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Marin-Felix Y, Matio Kemkuignou B, Matočec N, McTaggart AR, Mlčoch P, Mugnai L, Nakashima C, Nilsson RH, Noumeur SR, Pavlov IN, Peralta MP, Phillips AJL, Pitt JI, Polizzi G, Quaedvlieg W, Rajeshkumar KC, Restrepo S, Rhaiem A, Robert J, Robert V, Rodrigues AM, Salgado-Salazar C, Samson RA, Santos ACS, Shivas RG, Souza-Motta CM, Sun GY, Swart WJ, Szoke S, Tan YP, Taylor JE, Taylor PWJ, Tiago PV, Váczy KZ, van de Wiele N, van der Merwe NA, Verkley GJM, Vieira WAS, Vizzini A, Weir BS, Wijayawardene NN, Xia JW, Yáñez-Morales MJ, Yurkov A, Zamora JC, Zare R, Zhang CL, and Thines M

Abstract

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae . Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae . Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris ). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium . Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae . Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae ( e.g. , Cosmosporella , Macroconia , Microcera ). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium . To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa ( act1 , CaM , his3 , rpb1 , rpb2 , tef1 , tub2 , ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella ) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [ F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria ( F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia ( F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora ( F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium ( F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org)., (© 2021 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. Production and hosting by ELSEVIER B.V.)

Published
2021
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12. Fungal Planet description sheets: 716-784.

Author

Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Burgess TI, Hardy GESJ, Gené J, Guarro J, Baseia IG, García D, Gusmão LFP, Souza-Motta CM, Thangavel R, Adamčík S, Barili A, Barnes CW, Bezerra JDP, Bordallo JJ, Cano-Lira JF, de Oliveira RJV, Ercole E, Hubka V, Iturrieta-González I, Kubátová A, Martín MP, Moreau PA, Morte A, Ordoñez ME, Rodríguez A, Stchigel AM, Vizzini A, Abdollahzadeh J, Abreu VP, Adamčíková K, Albuquerque GMR, Alexandrova AV, Álvarez Duarte E, Armstrong-Cho C, Banniza S, Barbosa RN, Bellanger JM, Bezerra JL, Cabral TS, Caboň M, Caicedo E, Cantillo T, Carnegie AJ, Carmo LT, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Clement CR, Čmoková A, Conceição LB, Cruz RHSF, Damm U, da Silva BDB, da Silva GA, da Silva RMF, de A Santiago ALCM, de Oliveira LF, de Souza CAF, Déniel F, Dima B, Dong G, Edwards J, Félix CR, Fournier J, Gibertoni TB, Hosaka K, Iturriaga T, Jadan M, Jany JL, Jurjević Ž, Kolařík M, Kušan I, Landell MF, Leite Cordeiro TR, Lima DX, Loizides M, Luo S, Machado AR, Madrid H, Magalhães OMC, Marinho P, Matočec N, Mešić A, Miller AN, Morozova OV, Neves RP, Nonaka K, Nováková A, Oberlies NH, Oliveira-Filho JRC, Oliveira TGL, Papp V, Pereira OL, Perrone G, Peterson SW, Pham THG, Raja HA, Raudabaugh DB, Řehulka J, Rodríguez-Andrade E, Saba M, Schauflerová A, Shivas RG, Simonini G, Siqueira JPZ, Sousa JO, Stajsic V, Svetasheva T, Tan YP, Tkalčec Z, Ullah S, Valente P, Valenzuela-Lopez N, Abrinbana M, Viana Marques DA, Wong PTW, Xavier de Lima V, and Groenewald JZ

Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia , Chaetopsina eucalypti on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Colletotrichum cobbittiense from Cordyline stricta × C. australis hybrid, Cyanodermella banksiae on Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha, Discosia macrozamiae on Macrozamia miquelii, Elsinoë banksiigena on Banksia marginata, Elsinoë elaeocarpi on Elaeocarpus sp., Elsinoë leucopogonis on Leucopogon sp., Helminthosporium livistonae on Livistona australis , Idriellomyces eucalypti (incl. Idriellomyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus obliqua , Lareunionomyces eucalypti on Eucalyptus sp., Myrotheciomyces corymbiae (incl. Myrotheciomyces gen. nov., Myrotheciomycetaceae fam. nov.), Neolauriomyces eucalypti (incl. Neolauriomyces gen. nov., Neolauriomycetaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp., Nullicamyces eucalypti (incl. Nullicamyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Oidiodendron eucalypti on Eucalyptus maidenii , Paracladophialophora cyperacearum (incl. Paracladophialophoraceae fam. nov.) and Periconia cyperacearum on leaves of Cyperaceae , Porodiplodia livistonae (incl. Porodiplodia gen. nov., Porodiplodiaceae fam. nov.) on Livistona australis , Sporidesmium melaleucae (incl. Sporidesmiales ord. nov.) on Melaleuca sp., Teratosphaeria sieberi on Eucalyptus sieberi , Thecaphora australiensis in capsules of a variant of Oxalis exilis. Brazil , Aspergillus serratalhadensis from soil, Diaporthe pseudoinconspicua from Poincianella pyramidalis , Fomitiporella pertenuis on dead wood, Geastrum magnosporum on soil, Marquesius aquaticus (incl. Marquesius gen. nov.) from submerged decaying twig and leaves of unidentified plant, Mastigosporella pigmentata from leaves of Qualea parviflorae , Mucor souzae from soil, Mycocalia aquaphila on decaying wood from tidal detritus, Preussia citrullina as endophyte from leaves of Citrullus lanatus , Queiroziella brasiliensis (incl. Queiroziella gen. nov.) as epiphytic yeast on leaves of Portea leptantha , Quixadomyces cearensis (incl. Quixadomyces gen. nov.) on decaying bark, Xylophallus clavatus on rotten wood. Canada , Didymella cari on Carum carvi and Coriandrum sativum. Chile , Araucasphaeria foliorum (incl. Araucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Araucaria araucana , Aspergillus tumidus from soil, Lomentospora valparaisensis from soil. Colombia , Corynespora pseudocassiicola on Byrsonima sp., Eucalyptostroma eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus pellita , Neometulocladosporiella eucalypti (incl. Neometulocladosporiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla , Tracylla eucalypti (incl. Tracyllaceae fam. nov., Tracyllalales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla. Cyprus , Gyromitra anthracobia (incl. Gyromitra subg. Pseudoverpa ) on burned soil. Czech Republic , Lecanicillium restrictum from the surface of the wooden barrel, Lecanicillium testudineum from scales of Trachemys scripta elegans . Ecuador , Entoloma yanacolor and Saproamanita quitensis on soil. France , Lentithecium carbonneanum from submerged decorticated Populus branch. Hungary , Pleuromyces hungaricus (incl. Pleuromyces gen. nov.) from a large Fagus sylvatica log. Iran , Zymoseptoria crescenta on Aegilops triuncialis. Malaysia , Ochroconis musicola on Musa sp. Mexico , Cladosporium michoacanense from soil. New Zealand , Acrodontium metrosideri on Metrosideros excelsa, Polynema podocarpi on Podocarpus totara, Pseudoarthrographis phlogis (incl. Pseudoarthrographis gen. nov.) on Phlox subulata. Nigeria , Coprinopsis afrocinerea on soil. Pakistan , Russula mansehraensis on soil under Pinus roxburghii. Russia , Baorangia alexandri on soil in deciduous forests with Quercus mongolica. South Africa , Didymocyrtis brachylaenae on Brachylaena discolor. Spain , Alfaria dactylis from fruit of Phoenix dactylifera, Dothiora infuscans from a blackened wall, Exophiala nidicola from the nest of an unidentified bird, Matsushimaea monilioides from soil, Terfezia morenoi on soil. United Arab Emirates , Tirmania honrubiae on soil. USA , Arxotrichum wyomingense (incl. Arxotrichum gen. nov.) from soil, Hongkongmyces snookiorum from submerged detritus from a fresh water fen, Leratiomyces tesquorum from soil, Talaromyces tabacinus on leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Vietnam , Afroboletus vietnamensis on soil in an evergreen tropical forest, Colletotrichum condaoense from Ipomoea pes-caprae. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.

Published
2018
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13. Phylogeny of saprobic microfungi from Southern Europe.

Author

Hernández-Restrepo M, Gené J, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Mena-Portales J, Crous PW, and Guarro J

Abstract

During a survey of saprophytic microfungi on decomposing woody, herbaceous debris and soil from different regions in Southern Europe, a wide range of interesting species of asexual ascomycetes were found. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial gene sequences of SSU, LSU and ITS proved that most of these fungi were related to Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes and to lesser extent to Leotiomycetes and Eurotiomycetes . Four new monotypic orders with their respective families are proposed here, i.e. Lauriomycetales, Lauriomycetaceae; Parasympodiellales, Parasympodiellaceae; Vermiculariopsiellales, Vermiculariopsiellaceae and Xenospadicoidales, Xenospadicoidaceae . One new order and three families are introduced here to accommodate orphan taxa, viz. Kirschsteiniotheliales, Castanediellaceae, Leptodontidiaceae and Pleomonodictydaceae . Furthermore, Bloxamiaceae is validated. Based on morphology and phylogenetic affinities Diplococcium singulare, Trichocladium opacum and Spadicoides atra are moved to the new genera Paradiplococcium, Pleotrichocladium and Xenospadicoides , respectively. Helicoon fuscosporum is accommodated in the genus Magnohelicospora . Other novel genera include Neoascotaiwania with the type species N. terrestris sp. nov., and N. limnetica comb. nov. previously accommodated in Ascotaiwania; Pleomonodictys with P. descalsii sp. nov. as type species, and P. capensis comb. nov. previously accommodated in Monodictys ; Anapleurothecium typified by A. botulisporum sp. nov., a fungus morphologically similar to Pleurothecium but phylogenetically distant; Fuscosclera typified by F. lignicola sp. nov., a meristematic fungus related to Leotiomycetes; Pseudodiplococcium typified by P. ibericum sp. nov. to accommodate an isolate previously identified as Diplococcium pulneyense; Xyladictyochaeta typified with X. lusitanica sp. nov., a foliicolous fungus related to Xylariales and similar to Dictyochaeta , but distinguished by polyphialidic conidiogenous cells produced on setiform conidiophores. Other novel species proposed are Brachysporiella navarrica, Catenulostroma lignicola, Cirrenalia iberica, Conioscypha pleiomorpha, Leptodontidium aureum, Pirozynskiella laurisilvatica, Parasympodiella lauri and Zanclospora iberica . To fix the application of some fungal names, lectotypes and/or epitypes are designated for Magnohelicospora iberica, Sporidesmium trigonellum, Sporidesmium opacum, Sporidesmium asperum, Camposporium aquaticum and Psilonia atra .

Published
2017
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14. Fungal Planet description sheets: 320-370.

Author

Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Guarro J, Hernández-Restrepo M, Sutton DA, Acharya K, Barber PA, Boekhout T, Dimitrov RA, Dueñas M, Dutta AK, Gené J, Gouliamova DE, Groenewald M, Lombard L, Morozova OV, Sarkar J, Smith MT, Stchigel AM, Wiederhold NP, Alexandrova AV, Antelmi I, Armengol J, Barnes I, Cano-Lira JF, Castañeda Ruiz RF, Contu M, Courtecuisse PR, da Silveira AL, Decock CA, de Goes A, Edathodu J, Ercole E, Firmino AC, Fourie A, Fournier J, Furtado EL, Geering AD, Gershenzon J, Giraldo A, Gramaje D, Hammerbacher A, He XL, Haryadi D, Khemmuk W, Kovalenko AE, Krawczynski R, Laich F, Lechat C, Lopes UP, Madrid H, Malysheva EF, Marín-Felix Y, Martín MP, Mostert L, Nigro F, Pereira OL, Picillo B, Pinho DB, Popov ES, Rodas Peláez CA, Rooney-Latham S, Sandoval-Denis M, Shivas RG, Silva V, Stoilova-Disheva MM, Telleria MT, Ullah C, Unsicker SB, van der Merwe NA, Vizzini A, Wagner HG, Wong PT, Wood AR, and Groenewald JZ

Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from Eucalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia mangium, Emarcea eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana, Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus pellita, Pilidiella eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana and Strelitziana malaysiana from Acacia mangium. Furthermore, Stachybotrys sansevieriicola is described from Sansevieria ehrenbergii (Tanzania), Phacidium grevilleae from Grevillea robusta (Uganda), Graphium jumulu from Adansonia gregorii and Ophiostoma eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus marginata (Australia), Pleurophoma ossicola from bone and Plectosphaerella populi from Populus nigra (Germany), Colletotrichum neosansevieriae from Sansevieria trifasciata, Elsinoë othonnae from Othonna quinquedentata and Zeloasperisporium cliviae (Zeloasperisporiaceae fam. nov.) from Clivia sp. (South Africa), Neodevriesia pakbiae, Phaeophleospora hymenocallidis and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola on leaves of a fern (Thailand), Melanconium elaeidicola from Elaeis guineensis (Indonesia), Hormonema viticola from Vitis vinifera (Canary Islands), Chlorophyllum pseudoglobossum from a grassland (India), Triadelphia disseminata from an immunocompromised patient (Saudi Arabia), Colletotrichum abscissum from Citrus (Brazil), Polyschema sclerotigenum and Phialemonium limoniforme from human patients (USA), Cadophora vitícola from Vitis vinifera (Spain), Entoloma flavovelutinum and Bolbitius aurantiorugosus from soil (Vietnam), Rhizopogon granuloflavus from soil (Cape Verde Islands), Tulasnella eremophila from Euphorbia officinarum subsp. echinus (Morocco), Verrucostoma martinicensis from Danaea elliptica (French West Indies), Metschnikowia colchici from Colchicum autumnale (Bulgaria), Thelebolus microcarpus from soil (Argentina) and Ceratocystis adelpha from Theobroma cacao (Ecuador). Myrmecridium iridis (Myrmecridiales ord. nov., Myrmecridiaceae fam. nov.) is also described from Iris sp. (The Netherlands). Novel genera include (Ascomycetes): Budhanggurabania from Cynodon dactylon (Australia), Soloacrosporiella, Xenocamarosporium, Neostrelitziana and Castanediella from Acacia mangium and Sabahriopsis from Eucalyptus brassiana (Malaysia), Readerielliopsis from basidiomata of Fuscoporia wahlbergii (French Guyana), Neoplatysporoides from Aloe ferox (Tanzania), Wojnowiciella, Chrysofolia and Neoeriomycopsis from Eucalyptus (Colombia), Neophaeomoniella from Eucalyptus globulus (USA), Pseudophaeomoniella from Olea europaea (Italy), Paraphaeomoniella from Encephalartos altensteinii, Aequabiliella, Celerioriella and Minutiella from Prunus (South Africa). Tephrocybella (Basidiomycetes) represents a novel genus from wood (Italy). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.

Published
2015
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15. How important are conidial appendages?

Author

Crous PW, Verkley GJ, Christensen M, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, and Groenewald JZ

Abstract

The genus The genus Dinemasporium is used as a case study to evaluate the importance of conidial appendages for generic level classification of coelomycetous fungi. Based on morphology and sequence data of the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU, 28S) and the internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rRNA gene of the nrDNA operon, the genus Dinemasporium is circumscribed, and an epitype designated for D. strigosum, the type of the genus. A further five species are introduced in Dinemasporium, namely D. pseudostrigosum (isolated from Triticum aestivum, Germany and Stigmaphyllon sagraeanum, Cuba), D. americana (soil, USA), D. polygonum (Polygonum sachalinense, Netherlands), D. pseudoindicum (soil, USA), and D. morbidum (human sputum, Netherlands and hare dung, New Zealand). Brunneodinemasporium, based on B. brasiliense, is introduced to accommodate Dinemasporium-like species with tightly aggregated brown conidiogenous cells, and pale brown conidia. Dendrophoma (= Amphitiarospora) is reinstated as distinct from Dinemasporium, and an epitype designated for D. cytisporoides, characterised by its superficial, stipitate to cupulate conidiomata, and small conidia with two polar, tubular, exogenous appendages. The genus Stauronema is reduced to synonymy under Dinemasporium. Pseudolachnea (1-septate conidia) is supported as distinct from Dinemasporium (aseptate conidia), and P. fraxini introduced as a novel species. Taxa in this generic complex differ by combination of morphological characters of conidiomata, setae, conidia and appendages. Appendage morphology alone is rejected as informative at the generic level.

Published
2012
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