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Two separation methods using membranes are investigated to intensify the purification in the sugar industry: electro-filtration of raw juice in sugar refining, and discolorations of clarified juice through ultra- and micro-filtration. In both cases the obtained results were satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production process of run needs more and more raw materials of high quality with a view to obtain more competitive products. On the market, at present there are difficulties with the de-coloration methods of color extracts of oak-tree, due to the high cost price of the operation by activated coal consumption. Hence this paper work proposes the reduction of the stage of de-coloring by different forms as intensification of the adsorption stage by means of external agents, or the complete substitution of this part of the process by another much more economic and where parameters of quality have been kept. This technique would provide less damage to the environment because will become in a clean technology of rum manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the purification of sugared products by means of membrane separation, a tubular module of Zircon Oxide membranes supported by carbon was installed. It permits the ultra and microfiltration of products of different origins, particularly those that come from the Food Industries. Experiments with products of the sugar industry were carried out in order to establish the operational parameters and the characterization of the process. The results obtained will permit to carry out an evaluation of the technico-economic feasability of the application of this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a methodological order of the different steps to evaluate the heat emitted in a bioreactor, supported by principles of Mass and Energy Balances. It is sustained by the concepts derived from the conservation of the available electrons, the degree of reduction and some experiences in the determination of the combustion heat of the cells of microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]