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5. Roadmap on thermoelectricity

Author

Artini, Cristina, primary, Pennelli, Giovanni, additional, Graziosi, Patrizio, additional, Li, Zhen, additional, Neophytou, Neophytos, additional, Melis, Claudio, additional, Colombo, Luciano, additional, Isotta, Eleonora, additional, Lohani, Ketan, additional, Scardi, Paolo, additional, Castellero, Alberto, additional, Baricco, Marcello, additional, Palumbo, Mauro, additional, Casassa, Silvia, additional, Maschio, Lorenzo, additional, Pani, Marcella, additional, Latronico, Giovanna, additional, Mele, Paolo, additional, Di Benedetto, Francesca, additional, Contento, Gaetano, additional, De Riccardis, Maria Federica, additional, Fucci, Raffaele, additional, Palazzo, Barbara, additional, Rizzo, Antonella, additional, Demontis, Valeria, additional, Prete, Domenic, additional, Isram, Muhammad, additional, Rossella, Francesco, additional, Ferrario, Alberto, additional, Miozzo, Alvise, additional, Boldrini, Stefano, additional, Dimaggio, Elisabetta, additional, Franzini, Marcello, additional, Galliano, Simone, additional, Barolo, Claudia, additional, Mardi, Saeed, additional, Reale, Andrea, additional, Lorenzi, Bruno, additional, Narducci, Dario, additional, Trifiletti, Vanira, additional, Milita, Silvia, additional, Bellucci, Alessandro, additional, and Trucchi, Daniele M, additional

Published
2023
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6. Roadmap on thermoelectricity

Author

Artini, Cristina, Pennelli, Giovanni, Graziosi, Patrizio, Li, Zhen, Neophytou, Neophytos, Melis, Claudio, Colombo, Luciano, Isotta, Eleonora, Lohani, Ketan, Scardi, Paolo, Castellero, Alberto, Baricco, Marcello, Palumbo, Mauro, Casassa, Silvia, Maschio, Lorenzo, Pani, Marcella, Latronico, Giovanna, Mele, Paolo, Di Benedetto, Francesca, Contento, Gaetano, De Riccardis, Maria Federica, Fucci, Raffaele, Palazzo, Barbara, Rizzo, Antonella, Demontis, Valeria, Prete, Domenic, Isram, Muhammad, Rossella, Francesco, Ferrario, Alberto, Miozzo, Alvise, Boldrini, Stefano, Dimaggio, Elisabetta, Franzini, Marcello, Galliano, Simone, Barolo, Claudia, Mardi, Saeed, Reale, Andrea, Lorenzi, Bruno, Narducci, Dario, Trifiletti, Vanira, Milita, Silvia, Bellucci, Alessandro, Trucchi, Daniele M., Artini, Cristina, Pennelli, Giovanni, Graziosi, Patrizio, Li, Zhen, Neophytou, Neophytos, Melis, Claudio, Colombo, Luciano, Isotta, Eleonora, Lohani, Ketan, Scardi, Paolo, Castellero, Alberto, Baricco, Marcello, Palumbo, Mauro, Casassa, Silvia, Maschio, Lorenzo, Pani, Marcella, Latronico, Giovanna, Mele, Paolo, Di Benedetto, Francesca, Contento, Gaetano, De Riccardis, Maria Federica, Fucci, Raffaele, Palazzo, Barbara, Rizzo, Antonella, Demontis, Valeria, Prete, Domenic, Isram, Muhammad, Rossella, Francesco, Ferrario, Alberto, Miozzo, Alvise, Boldrini, Stefano, Dimaggio, Elisabetta, Franzini, Marcello, Galliano, Simone, Barolo, Claudia, Mardi, Saeed, Reale, Andrea, Lorenzi, Bruno, Narducci, Dario, Trifiletti, Vanira, Milita, Silvia, Bellucci, Alessandro, and Trucchi, Daniele M.

Abstract

The increasing energy demand and the ever more pressing need for clean technologies of energy conversion pose one of the most urgent and complicated issues of our age. Thermoelectricity, namely the direct conversion of waste heat into electricity, is a promising technique based on a long-standing physical phenomenon, which still has not fully developed its potential, mainly due to the low efficiency of the process. In order to improve the thermoelectric performance, a huge effort is being made by physicists, materials scientists and engineers, with the primary aims of better understanding the fundamental issues ruling the improvement of the thermoelectric figure of merit, and finally building the most efficient thermoelectric devices. In this Roadmap an overview is given about the most recent experimental and computational results obtained within the Italian research community on the optimization of composition and morphology of some thermoelectric materials, as well as on the design of thermoelectric and hybrid thermoelectric/photovoltaic devices., Funding Agencies|European Union [101034922]

Published
2023
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7. Roadmap on thermoelectricity

Author

Artini, C, Pennelli, G, Graziosi, P, Li, Z, Neophytou, N, Melis, C, Colombo, L, Isotta, E, Lohani, K, Scardi, P, Castellero, A, Baricco, M, Palumbo, M, Casassa, S, Maschio, L, Pani, M, Latronico, G, Mele, P, Di Benedetto, F, Contento, G, De Riccardis, M, Fucci, R, Palazzo, B, Rizzo, A, Demontis, V, Prete, D, Isram, M, Rossella, F, Ferrario, A, Miozzo, A, Boldrini, S, Dimaggio, E, Franzini, M, Galliano, S, Barolo, C, Mardi, S, Reale, A, Lorenzi, B, Narducci, D, Trifiletti, V, Milita, S, Bellucci, A, Trucchi, D, Artini, Cristina, Pennelli, Giovanni, Graziosi, Patrizio, Li, Zhen, Neophytou, Neophytos, Melis, Claudio, Colombo, Luciano, Isotta, Eleonora, Lohani, Ketan, Scardi, Paolo, Castellero, Alberto, Baricco, Marcello, Palumbo, Mauro, Casassa, Silvia, Maschio, Lorenzo, Pani, Marcella, Latronico, Giovanna, Mele, Paolo, Di Benedetto, Francesca, Contento, Gaetano, De Riccardis, Maria Federica, Fucci, Raffaele, Palazzo, Barbara, Rizzo, Antonella, Demontis, Valeria, Prete, Domenic, Isram, Muhammad, Rossella, Francesco, Ferrario, Alberto, Miozzo, Alvise, Boldrini, Stefano, Dimaggio, Elisabetta, Franzini, Marcello, Galliano, Simone, Barolo, Claudia, Mardi, Saeed, Reale, Andrea, Lorenzi, Bruno, Narducci, Dario, Trifiletti, Vanira, Milita, Silvia, Bellucci, Alessandro, Trucchi, Daniele M, Artini, C, Pennelli, G, Graziosi, P, Li, Z, Neophytou, N, Melis, C, Colombo, L, Isotta, E, Lohani, K, Scardi, P, Castellero, A, Baricco, M, Palumbo, M, Casassa, S, Maschio, L, Pani, M, Latronico, G, Mele, P, Di Benedetto, F, Contento, G, De Riccardis, M, Fucci, R, Palazzo, B, Rizzo, A, Demontis, V, Prete, D, Isram, M, Rossella, F, Ferrario, A, Miozzo, A, Boldrini, S, Dimaggio, E, Franzini, M, Galliano, S, Barolo, C, Mardi, S, Reale, A, Lorenzi, B, Narducci, D, Trifiletti, V, Milita, S, Bellucci, A, Trucchi, D, Artini, Cristina, Pennelli, Giovanni, Graziosi, Patrizio, Li, Zhen, Neophytou, Neophytos, Melis, Claudio, Colombo, Luciano, Isotta, Eleonora, Lohani, Ketan, Scardi, Paolo, Castellero, Alberto, Baricco, Marcello, Palumbo, Mauro, Casassa, Silvia, Maschio, Lorenzo, Pani, Marcella, Latronico, Giovanna, Mele, Paolo, Di Benedetto, Francesca, Contento, Gaetano, De Riccardis, Maria Federica, Fucci, Raffaele, Palazzo, Barbara, Rizzo, Antonella, Demontis, Valeria, Prete, Domenic, Isram, Muhammad, Rossella, Francesco, Ferrario, Alberto, Miozzo, Alvise, Boldrini, Stefano, Dimaggio, Elisabetta, Franzini, Marcello, Galliano, Simone, Barolo, Claudia, Mardi, Saeed, Reale, Andrea, Lorenzi, Bruno, Narducci, Dario, Trifiletti, Vanira, Milita, Silvia, Bellucci, Alessandro, and Trucchi, Daniele M

Abstract

The increasing energy demand and the ever more pressing need for clean technologies of energy conversion pose one of the most urgent and complicated issues of our age. Thermoelectricity, namely the direct conversion of waste heat into electricity, is a promising technique based on a long-standing physical phenomenon, which still has not fully developed its potential, mainly due to the low efficiency of the process. In order to improve the thermoelectric performance, a huge effort is being made by physicists, materials scientists and engineers, with the primary aims of better understanding the fundamental issues ruling the improvement of the thermoelectric figure of merit, and finally building the most efficient thermoelectric devices. In this Roadmap an overview is given about the most recent experimental and computational results obtained within the Italian research community on the optimization of composition and morphology of some thermoelectric materials, as well as on the design of thermoelectric and hybrid thermoelectric/photovoltaic devices.

Published
2023

11. CALPHAD Optimization of the Composition of EN AC-46000 Secondary Alloys for Semi-Solid Casting Processes

Author

Ferraro, Simone, Bongiovanni, Andrea, Suarez Lopez, Inma, Palumbo, Mauro, Baricco, Marcello, and Castellero, Alberto

Abstract

In semi-solid metal casting processes a slurry, obtained operating in the temperature window between the liquidus and the solidus curve of the phase diagram of the alloy (32.7 °C for AlSi8, 11.3 °C for AlSi11), is injected into the mould. Since the control over the process parameters becomes more complicated as the involved quantities increase, to apply these processes on an industrial scale it is necessary to widen as much as possible this narrow temperature window. This goal can be obtained by tailoring the concentration of elements constituting the alloy. A EN AC-46000 secondary alloy was selected for this study, because of its wide use in foundries. Using a CALPHAD approach, various Al-Si-based pseudo-binary phase diagrams containing main constituents of the alloy (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Cr and Ti) were studied, keeping the Si content fixed from 8 to 11 wt.% and the Al content as a complement. The composition limits of acceptability of the commercial alloy EN AC-46000 were used as extremes of the simulation field. The study was then proceeded investigating the pseudo-ternary diagrams, keeping silicon and a second element fixed and a third element variable for all possible combinations. Further constituent elements of the alloy were progressively added, considering all main constituents of the alloy, and evaluating how the concentration of these elements can extend the temperature window. Mg, Fe, Mn and Ti are the most promising candidates for achieving this goal. The results of this study can provide foundries with a prediction tool to define more restrictive ranges of acceptability than those of the commercial alloy, allowing them to estimate through a simple chemical analysis whether scrap of variable composition entering the plant are suitable for the SSM process or they need preliminary corrections of composition.

Published
2023
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15. Foreword

Author

Battiston, Simone, primary, Boldrini, Stefano, additional, Castellero, Alberto, additional, Fabrizio, Monica, additional, Fanciulli, Carlo, additional, Fiameni, Stefania, additional, and Narducci, Dario, additional

Published
2019
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19. Rapid solidification of silver-rich Ag–Cu–Zr alloys

Author

Castellero, Alberto, Kang Dae, H, Jung In Ho, Angella, Giuliano, Vedani, Maurizio, and Baricco, Marcello

Subjects
Calphad, Amorphous alloys, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Ag-based alloys, Microstructures, Rapid solidification
Abstract

View at Publisher| Export | Download | More... Journal of Alloys and Compounds Volume 536, Issue SUPPL.1, 25 September 2012, Pages S148-S153 Rapid solidification of silver-rich Ag-Cu-Zr alloys (Conference Paper) Castellero, A.a , Kang, D.H.bc, Jung, I.-H.b, Angella, G.d, Vedani, M.e, Baricco, M.a a Dipartimento di Chimica I.F.M. and N.I.S., Università di Torino, Torino, Italy b Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada c Novelis Global Technology Center, Kingston, ON, Canada d Istituto per l'Energetica e le Interfasi, CNR-IENI, Milano, Italy e Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Hide additional affiliations View references (26) Abstract In this work we explored the possibility of obtaining amorphous/crystalline composites in the Ag-rich side of the Ag-Cu-Zr ternary system exploiting the presence of a miscibility gap in the liquid. Four alloys with nominal composition (at.%) Ag 75Cu 11Zr 14 (alloy A), Ag 73Cu 17Zr 10 (alloy B), Ag 47.5Cu 22.5Zr 30 (alloy C), Ag 47.5Cu 30Zr 22.5 (alloy D) were investigated. The effect of the cooling rate and the composition on phase selection and microstructures was evaluated by comparing slowly cooled master ingots and rapidly quenched ribbons. Evidence of the liquid miscibility gap was observed only in alloys B and D, either in the master ingots and the ribbons. After rapid solidification, partial amorphisation was achieved for alloys C and D, where precipitates of the Ag-rich solid solution, showing various sizes, are dispersed in the amorphous matrix. A significant increase in hardness was achieved in the case of partially amorphous ribbons of alloys C and D (442 HV and 533 HV, respectively). Experimental results are discussed on the basis of the recently reassessed ternary Ag-Cu-Zr phase diagram.

Published
2012

26. Experimental Assessment of Lithium Hydride's Space Radiation Shielding Performance and Monte Carlo Benchmarking.

Author

Schuy, Christoph, Tessa, Chiara La, Horst, Felix, Rovituso, Marta, Durante, Marco, Giraudo, Martina, Bocchini, Luca, Baricco, Marcello, Castellero, Alberto, Fioreh, Gianluca, and Weber, Uli

Subjects
LITHIUM hydride, RADIATION shielding for space vehicles, POLYETHYLENE, NEUTRONS, HYDROGEN
Abstract

The harmful effects of space radiation pose a serious health risk to astronauts participating in future long-term missions. Such radiation effects must be considered in the design phase of space vessels as well as in mission planning. Crew radioprotection during long periods in deep space (e.g., transit to Mars) represents a major challenge, especially because of the strong restrictions on the passive shielding load allowed on-board the vessel. Novel materials with better shielding performance compared to the "gold standard" high-density polyethylene are therefore greatly needed. Because of the high hydrogen content of hydrides, lithium hydride has been selected as a starting point for further studies of promising candidates to be used as passive shielding materials. In the current experimental campaign, the shielding performance of lithium hydride was assessed by measuring normalized dose, primary beam attenuation and neutron ambient dose equivalent using 430 MeV/u 12C, 600 MeV/u 12C and 228 MeV proton beams. The experimental data were then compared to predictions from the Monte Carlo transport codes PHITS and GRAS. The experimental results show an increased shielding effectiveness of lithium hydride compared to reference materials like polyethylene. For instance, the attenuation length for 600 MeV/u 12C primary particles in lithium hydride is approximately 20% shorter compared to polyethylene. Furthermore, the comparison results between both transport codes indicates that the standard Tripathi-based total reaction cross-section model of PHITS cannot accurately reproduce the presented experimental data, whereas GRAS shows reasonable agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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27. Preparation and Characterization of Master Alloys Fe48Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2 Metallic Glasses

Author

Bendjemil, B., Seghairi, N., Lavorato, G., Castellero, Alberto, Bougdira, J., Vinai, F., and Baricco, Marcello

Subjects
purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], HIGH TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY, SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, X-RAY DIFFRACTION, Otras Ciencias Químicas, Ciencias Químicas, STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.4 [https], Fe-BASED METALLIC GLASSES, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS, MASTER ALLOY
Abstract

The purpose of this work is the characterization of a master alloy of metal glass based on iron Fe48Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2. Two types of alloys studied B1 which has been prepared by the use of pure element and the other B2 which has been prepared by the use of raw materials. The thermal and structural properties of the samples are measured by a combination of high temperature differential scanning calorimeter (HTDSC), X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical compositions are checked by energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Fil: Bendjemil, Badis. University of Badji -Mokhtar; Argelia. Faculty of Sciences and Technology; Argelia Fil: Seghairi, Nassima. Faculty of Sciences and Technology; Argelia Fil: Lavorato, Gabriel Carlos. Dipa rtimento di Chimica Universita' di Torino; Italia. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área Investigaciones y Aplicaciones no Nucleares; Argentina Fil: Castellero, Alberto. Dipa rtimento di Chimica Universita' di Torino; Italia Fil: Bougdira, Jamal. Université de Nancy, Faculté des Sciences et. Techniques; Francia Fil: Vinai, Franco. Instituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica; Italia Fil: Baricco, Marcello. Dipa rtimento di Chimica Universita' di Torino; Italia

Published
2014

40. Sviluppo di microstrutture in campioni di argento sottoposti a deformazione plastica severa

Author

Angella, G., Baricco, Marcello, Bassani, P., Castellero, Alberto, Casati, R., Ge, Q., Lussana, D., Vedani, M., and Zambon, A.

Subjects
FEM, Silver, argento, ECAP, metalli ultrafini, Ultrafine-grain metals, laminazione asimmetrica, Asymmetric rolling
Abstract

Il lavoro presenta i risultati di indagini svolte su campioni di Ag commercialmente puro sottoposti a deformazione plastica severa mediante tecnica ECAP e attraverso laminazione asimmetrica a freddo. È stata studiata l'evoluzione della microstruttura e delle proprietà meccaniche al variare della deformazione impartita, rispettivamente mediante tecniche SEM / TEM e attraverso misure di durezza e prove di trazione. L'argento è stato scelto come materiale rappresentativo dei metalli a struttura FCC con bassa energia dei difetti di impilamento e quindi elevata possibilità di deformazione assistita da geminati. In letteratura esistono limitate informazioni sull'evoluzione della struttura ultrafine di questi metalli nel regime di deformazione plastica severa. I dati vengono discussi considerando l'evoluzione della struttura derivante dalle specifiche tecniche di deformazione e le proprietà raggiunte.

Published
2012

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