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Objective: The aims that we set in this study were to analyse the kinematic and kinetic changes in the lower limbs of cyclists when using the utility model, nº of publication ES 1078023, which consists of a system of cleats with an exact omnidirectional adjustment and without oscillations between the shoe and the pedal. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental, longitudinal and prospective study with a non-randomized sampling. The sample was made up of 34 cyclists. The variables studies focused on the kinematics of each joint of the lower limb in three planes and the kinetics in the function of the angular position of the cleat. They had the Bioval® system put in place, through which the kinematic parameters were recorded at the points marked on the lower limb for 20 s. Three systems were used for the kinetics (Power Tap, Rotor and Pioneer), recording the power developed for 1 min for each of the study situations. Results: Regarding the kinematic variables, statistically significant differences were found for the three planes in all of the structures studied. As for the kinetics, statistically significant differences were also observed, both when analyzing them globally and when doing so for each of the systems. Conclusions: The variation in the rotational position of the cleat influences both the cyclist’s kinematics and dynamics.

Clubfoot is a common congenital deformity of the lower limbs. It should be treated as soon as possible so that its correction is more easily achieved. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of the Ponseti method in the treatment of clubfoot. A bibliographic search was carried out in different databases, including PubMed and SciELO. Filters such as full text and randomized controlled trial were selected to find those articles that best matched our search. Among the results, we selected the ones that interested us, and the rest were discarded, either because they did not meet the requirements for our work or because they were repeated. In total, we collected 19 articles, but after using the critical evaluation instrument CASPe, 7 of them were eliminated, leaving us with a total of 12 articles for our systematic review. After analyzing the results obtained in the selected articles, we concluded that the Ponseti method is effective in the treatment of clubfoot, presenting a high success rate.

The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship foot pain and foot disability have with HRQoL in groups of women with RA, SLE and EDS, in comparison with a control group. A cross-sectional study was carried out with females with one of these conditions and a control group. The SF-12 questionnaire was used to collect data about quality of life. The type of foot was classified according to the footprint and the foot posture index. A total of 156 patients and 47 controls participated in the study (N = 203). Neither pain nor foot posture were different between groups. The physical and mental components of SF-12 were worse in rheumatoid arthritis and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome patients, and the physical component was worse in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, compared to controls. A significant difference was also observed in the mental component between systemic lupus erythematosus and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome patients, the latter having the lowest values among the groups. We can conclude that women with rheumatoid arthritis, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and foot pain perceive a worse quality of life. There are no significant changes in foot posture. Pain and health-related quality of life are independent of foot posture.

Objective: To determine the effect of foot orthoses on pain, disability and foot functionality in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: University Podiatric Clinical Area. Subjects: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to either group A, which received custom-made functional foot orthoses, or group B, which received flat cushioning insoles, for three months. Main measures: The primary outcome was foot pain, measured by 11-point numeric pain rating scale. Foot functionality and foot-related disability were evaluated using the foot function index, the Manchester foot pain and disability, at the beginning and at days 90. Results: Sixty-six participants (age 47.3 ± 11.9 years) suffering from foot pain, received either the custom-made foot orthoses (N = 33) or the flat cushioning insoles (N = 33). For the analysis of the data, only participants who had finished the follow-up period (90 days) were included. None statistically significant difference between groups were found. In group A, all variables showed statistically significant differences when comparing the initial and final measurements. Pain showed 6.8 ± 1.6 and 4.2 ± 2.9 in group A, at baseline and at 90 days, respectively, group B showed 6.5 ± 1.5 and 4.7 ± 3.0 at baseline and at 90 days, respectively. Conclusion: Both groups showed a reduction in foot pain. This study suggests that not only controlling the foot function, but providing cushioning to the foot, may have positive effects to manage foot pain in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: The aims that we set in this study were to analyse the kinematic and kinetic changes in the lower limbs of cyclists when using the utility model, nº of publication ES 1078023, which consists of a system of cleats with an exact omnidirectional adjustment and without oscillations between the shoe and the pedal. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental, longitudinal and prospective study with a non-randomized sampling. The sample was made up of 34 cyclists. The variables studies focused on the kinematics of each joint of the lower limb in three planes and the kinetics in the function of the angular position of the cleat. They had the Bioval® system put in place, through which the kinematic parameters were recorded at the points marked on the lower limb for 20 s. Three systems were used for the kinetics (Power Tap, Rotor and Pioneer), recording the power developed for 1 min for each of the study situations. Results: Regarding the kinematic variables, statistically significant differences were found for the three planes in all of the structures studied. As for the kinetics, statistically significant differences were also observed, both when analyzing them globally and when doing so for each of the systems. Conclusions: The variation in the rotational position of the cleat influences both the cyclist’s kinematics and dynamics.

Objetivo: Describir características de los pies de pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) como la postura y el tipo de pie, la presencia de deformidades, y si manifiestan o no dolor. Pacientes y métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional transversal. Se cuantifica el dolor del pie mediante la Numeric Pain Rating Scale 11 (NPRS-11) y los días de dolor en la última semana. Se clasifica el tipo de pie mediante el Foot Posture Index. Se obtuvieron huellas plantares mediante pedigrafía y se clasificaron visualmente en arco plantar en normal, alto o bajo. Resultados: La muestra está formada por un total de 66 pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico. En cuanto al nivel de dolor que los participantes experimentaban en sus pies se observó un valor de 6.67 ± 1.93 puntos en la escala NPRS-11. Y la variable “días de dolor” tomó un valor de 5.22 ± 2.18. Según el Foot Posture Index, la mayoría de los pies explorados estarían dentro de la categoría de pies neutros. La categorización de las huellas plantares el grupo de huellas predominante fue el de las huellas con arco normal, seguido de las de arco elevado. Conclusiones: Todas las personas con lupus eritematoso sistémico que participaron en este estudio manifestaron dolor en los pies, aunque no existió un trastorno biomecánico que se diera de forma predominante en los sujetos incluidos en este estudio., Objective: To describe the foot characteristics in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as foot posture, type of foot, presence of deformities and whether they suffer from pain or not. Patients and methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study. Foot pain is quantified using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale 11 (NPRS-11) and the days of pain in the last week. Foot type was classified using the Foot Posture Index. Footprints were obtained by pedigraphy; and they were visually classified in the plantar arch as normal, high or low. Results: The sample was made up of 66 patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Regarding the level of pain that the participants experienced in their feet, a value of 6.67 ± 1.93 points was observed on the NPRS-11 scale. And the variable “days of pain” took a value of 5.22 ± 2.18. According to the Foot Posture Index, most feet examined would fall into the category of neutral feet. The categorization of the plantar footprints, the predominant group of footprints was that of footprints with a normal arch, followed by those with a high arch. Conclusions: All people with systemic lupus erythematosus who participated in this study reported foot pain, although there was no biomechanical disorder that occurred predominantly in the subjects included in this study.

The study of the foot is relevant in kinematic analyses of gait. Images captured through a lens can be subjected to various aberrations or distortions that affect the measurements. An in vitro study was performed with a rearfoot simulator to compare the apparent degrees (photographed) with the real ones (placed in the simulator) in the plane of the rearfoot’s orientation, according to variations in the capture angle in other planes of space (the sagittal plane and transverse plane—the latter determined by the foot progression angle). The following regression formula was calculated to correct the distortion of the image: real frontal plane = 0.045 + (1.014 × apparent frontal plane) − (0.018 × sagittal plane × foot progression angle). Considering the results of this study, and already knowing its angle in the transverse and sagittal planes, it is possible to determine the angle of a simulated calcaneus with respect to the ground in the frontal plane, in spite of distortions caused by perspective and the lack of perpendicularity, by applying the above regression formula. The results show that the angular measurements of a body segment made on frames can produce erroneous data due to the variation in the perspective from which the image is taken. This distortion must be considered when determining the real values of the measurements.

Introduction Systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease of heterogeneous involvement. The disease may affect feet with a high prevalence of symptoms such as, for example, pain, forefoot and rearfoot deformities, and biomechanics dysfunctions. Custom-made foot orthoses (CMFO) have been previously reported to be effective in patients with other rheumatic diseases. However, as far as the authors know, there exist no studies about their effectiveness in SLE. This study aims at determining the effect of CMFO versus placebo flat cushioning insoles on pain, foot functionality, fatigue and quality of life in patients with SLE. Methods and analysis A randomised controlled trial would compare the effects of (1) CMFO and group B, which received a placebo, flat cushioning insoles, for 3 months. The main outcome measures are foot pain, foot functionality and foot-related disability. The secondary outcome measures are fatigue and quality of life. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Portal de Ética de la Investigación Biomédica de Andalucía ethical committee 1494-N- 19. The results will be disseminated regardless of the magnitude or direction of effect.

Techniques of taking casts mainly rely not on the objectivity of the procedure, but on the experience and skill of the technician. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficiency of a technique of taking standing foot casts controlled via pressure sensors. In this way, we mean to objectivize the degree of correction. The study was carried out through 150 procedures on 50 feet of 29 patients. The value of the “Heel Symmetry Index” was calculated on three casts in three different situations of the same foot: A first cast in which the subject did not control the position of his/her foot; a second cast where manipulations corrected the foot’s pronator position; and a third cast with pressure sensors placed in the subject’s heel. This enabled the control and quantification of the pressure during the manipulation when taking the cast. The comparison of the “Heel Symmetry Index” in the different groups showed significant p-values of 0.05. Conclusion: The technique of taking casts controlled by pressure sensors achieved more equilibrated casts with a better symmetry index of the heel’s outline.

Introduction Systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease of heterogeneous involvement. The disease may affect feet with a high prevalence of symptoms such as, for example, pain, forefoot and rearfoot deformities, and biomechanics dysfunctions. Custom-made foot orthoses (CMFO) have been previously reported to be effective in patients with other rheumatic diseases. However, as far as the authors know, there exist no studies about their effectiveness in SLE. This study aims at determining the effect of CMFO versus placebo flat cushioning insoles on pain, foot functionality, fatigue and quality of life in patients with SLE. Methods and analysis A randomised controlled trial would compare the effects of (1) CMFO and group B, which received a placebo, flat cushioning insoles, for 3 months. The main outcome measures are foot pain, foot functionality and foot-related disability. The secondary outcome measures are fatigue and quality of life. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Portal de Ética de la Investigación Biomédica de Andalucía ethical committee 1494-N- 19. The results will be disseminated regardless of the magnitude or direction of effect.

Background: Pain and fatigue are major clinical manifestations in patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS). The aim of this study is to measure change of the effects of custom-made foot orthotics on some manifestations related to EDS, such as foot pain, foot functionality, fatigue, and quality of life. Methods: Thirty-six patients with EDS wore foot orthoses for three months. Foot pain, foot-related disability, foot functionality, fatigue, and quality of life were measured using the 11-point Numeric Rating Scale, the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index, the Foot Function Index, the Fatigue Severity Score, and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaires, respectively, at the beginning and after 3 months. Results: Participants demonstrated significantly improved foot pain (p = 0.002), disability related to foot pain (p < 0.001), foot functionality (p = 0.001), fatigue (p < 0.007), and mental health-related quality of life (p = 0.016). The physical health-related quality of life did not show significant changes. Conclusions: The use of custom-made foot orthoses help in the management of the symptoms by participants. This study could contribute to the foot specialists being considered as an additional member in multidisciplinary teams that are trying to develop an approach for patients with EDS.

[Abstract] Background: Onychocryptosis is one of the most prevailing onychopathies and one of the usual reasons for visiting podiatry clinics. In this research, we aim to evaluate the e ectiveness of a procedure of nail reeducation technique via a strip of polyethylene in subjects with stage I or IIa onychocryptosis, in which pathological toenail curves are present. Methods: This research was a randomized clinical trial (ACTRN12615000834550). The sample was made up of 94 cases of stage I or IIa onychocryptosis, according to the Mozena classification. Briefly, 46 cases were treated with the combination of a spicule technique and nail brace with a polyethylene plastic strip, and 48 were only treated with the spicule technique. Results: The combination of the spicule technique and the nail brace technique with a strip of polyethylene had a significantly lower recurrence rate compared to that achieved with just the spicule technique, twelve months after the beginning of the study (N.S. = 0.000 for = 0.05). The change in the nail width achieved with the nail brace technique, twelve months after the beginning of the study, was statistically significant (N.S. = 0.000 for = 0.05). Conclusions: The recurrence rate of the spicule technique alone was significantly higher than the combined technique of spicule with nail brace. A nail brace with a strip of polyethylene reduces the recurrence rate of onychocryptosis.

El objetivo principal de este artículo es evaluar si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el rango de movilidad y estabilidad de tobillo en las bailaoras de flamenco frente a un grupo de sujetos exentos de baile. Considerando las lesiones en los bailarines generalmente se asocian con diferentes factores, como las características del calzado, la altura del talón y los requisitos físicos, siendo la articulación del tobillo la más susceptible cuando las cargas no se tratan adecuadamente. En este estudio participaron una población de 48 sujetos (30,77 ± 13,379 años) divididos en dos grupos de 24 cada uno. Se observaron diferencias clínicas, pero no estadísticamente significativas en el test de cajón anterior izquierdo entre ambos grupos (p < 0,122). En relación con el test de cajón anterior derecho no se observó ninguna diferencia al ser negativo. Según los resultados obtenidos las conclusiones de este trabajo serían que la práctica de baile flamenco no supone una modificación del rango de movilidad de la articulación del tobillo. Respecto dicha actividad no implica un aumento de la inestabilidad del tobillo con un esguince previo con respecto a la ausencia de baile., The main aim of this paper is to evaluate if there are significant statistical differences in ankle range of motion and stability between flamenco dancers and a control group of non-dancers. Injuries in dancers are generally associated with different factors, such as shoe characteristics, heel height and physical requirements. The ankle joint is the most susceptible when loads are not handled properly. This study involved 48 subjects divided into two groups of 24 (30.77 ± 13.379 years old). Clinical differences were observed, but not statistically significant in the left Anterior Drawer Test between both groups (p <0.122). In relation to the right Anterior Drawer Test, no difference was observed as it was negative. According to the results obtained, the research concludes that the practice of flamenco dance does not modify ankle range of motion nor does it increase ankle instability when there has been a previous sprain compared to non-dancers.

Antecedentes y objetivo: En este trabajo se pretende describir el tipo de pie y las alteraciones podológicas más frecuentes, el nivel de dolor, la discapacidad, la fatiga y la alteración de la calidad de vida que presentan los pacientes con síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (SED). Materiales y métodos: Treinta y ocho individuos con SED tipo hipermóvil o clásico fueron reclutados. Se registró el porcentaje de dolor en el pie y las deformidades, y se les aplicaron distintos cuestionarios. El tipo de pie se clasificó según la huella y el Foot Posture Index. Resultados: Se registra un alto grado de dolor, discapacidad, intensidad de la fatiga y bajo nivel de calidad de vida en estos pacientes. Según la huella el 20% presentó pies planos, el 47% pies normales y el 33% pies cavos. Conclusiones: Los participantes en este estudio presentaron un alto porcentaje de problemas podológicos, altos niveles de dolor y limitación de la funcionalidad en los pies. La calidad de vida de estos pacientes aparece disminuida. Se han observado tipos de pies según la huella y de deformidades similares a la población general., Background and objective: This paper aims to describe the type of foot and most frequent podiatric alterations, as well as the level of pain, disability, fatigue and alteration of quality of life in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Materials and methods: Thirty-eight individuals with hypermobile or classic EDS participated. The percentage of pain in the foot and deformities was recorded, and several questionnaires were administered. The type of foot was classified according to the footprint and the Foot Posture Index. Results: There was a high degree of pain, disability, intensity of fatigue and low quality of life in these patients. According to the footprint, 20% presented flat feet, 47% normal feet and 33% cavus feet. Conclusions: The participants in this study had a high percentage of foot problems related to high levels of pain and limited functionality in the feet. The quality of life of these patients appeared diminished. Foot types were observed according to the footprint and deformities similar to those ofthe general population.

Background: One of the most frequent problems caused by diabetes is the so called painful diabetic neuropathy. This condition can be treated through numerous types of therapy. The purpose of this study was to analyze, as a meta-analysis, different treatments used to alleviate painful diabetic neuropathy, with the aim of generating results that help making decisions when applying such treatments to tackle this pathology. Methods: A search was conducted in the main databases for Health Sciences, such as PUBMED, Web of Science (WOS), and IME biomedicina (Spanish Medical Reports in Biomedicine), to gather randomized controlled trials about treatments used for painful diabetic neuropathy. The analyzed studies were required to meet the inclusion criteria selected, especially those results related to pain intensity. Results: Nine randomized controlled trials were chosen. The meta-analysis shows significant positive effects for those treatments based on tapentadol [g: −1.333, 95% CI (−1.594; −1.072), P ＜ 0.05], duloxetine [g: −1.622, 95 % CI (−1.650; −1.594), P ＜ 0.05], pregabalin [g: −0.607, 95% CI (−0.980; −0.325), P ＜ 0.05], and clonidine [g: −0.242, 95 % CI (−0.543; −0.058), P ＜ 0.05]. Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates the effectiveness of the treatments based on duloxetine, gabapentin and pregabalin, as well as other drugs, such as tapentadol and topic clonidine, whose use is better prescribed in more specific situations. The results provided can help increase the knowledge about the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy and also in the making of clinical practice guidelines for healthcare professionals.

En las bases de datos científicas aparece la DLMI como una alteración de alta incidencia en la población: del 40-70% al 90%(1,30). También se encontraron numerosos estudios que demuestran la relación entre la DLMI y diversas patologías y/o compensaciones del cuerpo: escoliosis, bursitis, ciática, síndrome de la cintilla iliotibial, fascitis plantar, etc(3,5,6). E incluso en algunos casos pueden inducir alteraciones en el patrón de la marcha(4). Los trastornos descritos que produce la DLMI junto con su alta incidencia en la población, hacen pensar en la gran cantidad de sujetos con sintomatología, siendo la causa principal la presencia de DLMI. Esta situación se podría mejorar al recabar un diagnóstico correcto y por tanto, facilitar la aplicación de un tratamiento adecuado. A la hora de encontrar métodos e instrumentos de medida, nos encontramos con el obstáculo de que una gran controversia rodea a la fiabilidad y/o validez de los procedimientos descritos. Por eso, nos propusimos por una parte realizar una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos científicas, y por otra, ejecutar mediciones en una muestra propia. Cabe destacar que se encontraron varias publicaciones en las que se afirman cambios de posición en el pie de sujetos con DLMI. Dado que nuestra disciplina abarca todo lo relacionado con el pie: características, posiciones, patologías, repercusiones en otras estructuras del cuerpo, etc., una parte del trabajo se ha dedicado a conocer cómo actúa esta estructura en sujetos con DLMI sintomáticos o asintomáticos. La metodología del presente trabajo, plantea un estudio descriptivo transversal, de tipo observacional(57)apoyado en una anamnesis y exploración de pelvis y miembros inferiores. Con el sujeto en decúbito supino y en bipedestación, siempre descalzo. Se recogieron otras variables como peso, talla, edad y lateralidad. La muestra final analizada fue de 115 sujetos. Según el sexo, la muestra la componen un 52.2% de hombres y un 47.8% de mujeres, c

El dolor patelofemoral es uno de los desórdenes más co munes que afectan a la rodilla. De las lesiones descritas en el baile flamenco profesional, destacan las relaciona das con el pie y la rodilla, en relación al microtraumatismo repetido del gesto técnico del zapateado y a la flexión de rodilla mantenida que requiere. El objetivo de este estu dio es determinar la presencia de dolor patelo femoral en profesionales del baile de flamenco y comprobar si existe relación alguna con el pie pronador y genus valgo. En el estudio han participado 46 profesionales del baile flamenco, 38 bailaoras y 8 bailaores, con una carga me dia de 25.4 ± 8.25 horas de baile semanales. El 34.78% de los participantes presentaban dolor patelofemoral. El 24% presentaba también genus valgo. Se encontró un 34.78% de pies pronadores. La asociación de pies pro nadores y genus valgo fue del 31.25%, mientras que la asociación de pies pronadores y dolor patelofemoral fue de 43.75 % de los casos. Factores predisponentes de esta patología se dan en la práctica del baile flamenco: el impacto repetitivo, una posición mantenida y forzada de la rodilla en un rango concreto, desplazamientos y los giros bruscos. Como conclusión, se demuestra relación directa entre la presencia de pies pronadores y dolor patelofemoral en el baile flamenco. Así como entre pies pronadores y genus valgo. Estudios científicos actuales demuestran la utilidad de soportes plantares en este sín drome. La incidencia de pies pronadores y dolor patelo femoral hace recomendable estudios biomecánicos y po dológicos y el uso de soportes plantares personalizados en cada caso, Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common disorders affecting the knee. Of the lesions described in professio nal flamenco dancing, the ones related to the foot and the knee stand out, in relation to the repeated microtrauma of the technical gesture of the zapateado and to the sus tained knee flexion that it requires. The aim of this study is to determine the presence of patellofemoral pain in flamenco dance professionals and to check if there is any relation to the pronated foot and genus valgus. The study was attended by 46 professionals of flamenco dance, 38 bailaoras and 8 bailaores, with an average load of 25.4 ± 8.25 hours of dance per week. 34.78% of the participants had patellofemoral pain. 24% also had valgus genus. A 34.78% pronated’s foot was found. The association of pronated feet and genus valgus was 31.25%, while the association of pronated feet and patellofemoral pain was 43.75% of the cases. Predisposing factors of this patho logy occur in the practice of flamenco dancing: the repeti tive impact, a maintained and forced position of the knee in a specific range, displacements and sudden turns. In conclusion, a direct relationship between the presence of pronated feet and patellofemoral pain in flamenco dance is demonstrated. As well as between pronated feet and valgus genus. Current scientific studies demonstrate the usefulness of orthesis plantar in this syndrome. The in cidence of pronated feet and patellofemoral pain makes recommended biomechanical and podiatry studies and the use of personalized orthesis plantar in each case.

Objetivos: Crear las bases para implantar un Programa de Salud podológica en triatletas mediante la determinación de las lesiones podológicas más frecuentes y los factores de riesgo y/o predisponentes en triatletas y comprobar el grado de información y los hábitos en los autocuidados del pie del triatleta. Método: los datos de este trabajo se extrajeron de un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. Se ha recogido información sobre las características personales, el nivel de entrenamiento y competición, las lesiones podológicas más frecuentes, los factores de riesgo, los hábitos en los autocuidados del pie de los triatletas y la participación del podólogo. Para cumplir los objetivos planteados se diseñó una herramienta exclusiva tratándose de un cuestionario cumplimentado por los triatletas a través de la aplicación Google Drive. Resultados: La muestra está compuesta por 468 triatletas, 422 hombres y 46 mujeres de edades comprendidas entre 13 y los 59 años. Las lesiones podológicas más frecuentes, una vez finalizada la prueba, han sido: ampollas en el pulpejo de los dedos y hematomas subungueales. La mayoría de las lesiones han ocurrido durante la carrera. El 81% de los triatletas sufren lesiones con frecuencia, tratándose principalmente de sobrecargas musculares de los gemelos. Uno de cada dos triatletas ha recibido información sobre cómo cuidarse los pies. Uno de cada dos triatletas ha acudido alguna vez al podólogo. Los triatletas que más usan calcetines en competición son los que participan en pruebas de media distancia y los que menos lo usan son los que participan en distancia sprint, los triatletas que menos usan vaselina son los que participan en distancia super sprint y los que más la usan son los participantes en la distancia iron man. Conclusiones: la presencia de lesiones podológicas y la falta de conocimiento sobre cómo cuidarse los pies justifica la importancia de crear un Programa de Salud podológica en triatletas. Los resultad, Objectives: To create the basis for implementing a health podiatric program for triathletes by determining the most frequent injuries and risk factors and / or predisposing factors in triathletes and to verify the degree of information and habits in the self-care of triathlete's feet. Method: Data from this study was extracted from an observational, descriptive, cross - sectional and retrospective study. Information on personal characteristics, level of training and competition, most frequent injuries, risk factors, self-care of the triathletes' feet and participation of the podiatrist have been collected. In order to meet the objectives set an exclusive tool was designed in the form of a questionnaire completed by triathletes through the Google Drive application. Results: The sample is made up of 468 triathletes, 422 men and 46 women between the ages of 13 and 59. The most frequent injuries, once the race was completed, were: blisters on the fingertip and subungual hematomas. Most injuries occurred during the race. 81% of triathletes suffer injuries frequently, mainly involving muscle overload of the twins. One in two triathletes has received information about taking care of their feet. One in every two triathletes has visited a podiatrist. The triathletes who wear socks most frequently in competition are those who participate in races of medium distance and those who wear them the least are those who participate in races of sprinting distance. The triathletes who use Vaseline the least are those who participate in races of Super sprint distance whilst those who use it the most are participants in the Iron Man distance. Conclusions: the existence of podological injuries and lack of knowledge about how to take care of feet highlights the importance of creating a Podiatry Health Program for triathletes. The results of this research could provide useful assistance in planning and implementing future educational interventions and ensuring they are more effective.

Dispositivo de metacrilato con escala milimetrada para medir la movilidad del primer y quinto radios del pie en carga y descarga que tiene por objeto cuantificar el movimiento de dorsiflexión y plantarflexión del primer y quinto radios del pie, aportando a los clínicos una herramienta de fácil manejo, pequeña y ligera, que complementaría a la habitual maniobra de exploración de este movimiento, totalmente subjetiva. Su uso principal será el diagnóstico de alteraciones funcionales del primer y quinto radios, como lo son el primer (o quinto) radio dorsalflexionado y plantarflexionado (en sus variaciones flexibles, semirrígidos y rígidos), y primer (o quinto) radio hipermóvil.

Purpose. This study aims at verifying whether proprioception is abnormal or not, two weeks after a grade 1 and 2 ankle sprain in the scope of work-related accident. Methods. A descriptive, observation and transversal study was designed to compare speed, movement and oscilation of centre of pressure in employees of companies signed up to a mutual company. Participants’ healthy feet comprised the control group, and feet that had undergone an ankle sprain due to a work-related accident comprised the cases group. The following stability tests were undertaken to both the healthy and injuried feet using a force plate: Monopodal Romberg test with eyes open, Monopodal Romberg test with eyes open on a 30 mm thick foam rubber, Monopodal Romberg test with eyes closed, and Romberg test as monopodal support with eyes closed on a 30 mm thick foam rubber. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. From the results of this regression model the COR curve test was performed. Results. 71.7% accuracy in the predictions was attained. The equation was as follows: Condition (injured or healthy) = 0.052·% RGC AP Movement − 0.81·MREO AP Move ment. The variable MREO antero-posterior movement was used in the COR curve methodology. The area under the curve was greater than 0.65 and at a 95% confidence interval the 0.75 value was included, which in our case was the injured subject condition. Values for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 0.667, 0.633, 64.5%, and 65.5%, respectively. Conclusion. The participants in this study showed a diminished capacity for postural control in an ankle two weeks after an ankle sprain.

Objectives: To propose a clinical protocol valid and reliable for the study of the differences in length of lower limb (hereinafter DLMI) scan. Materials and Methods: Literature review in scientific databases, and descriptive study with a total sample of 115 participants: study of different methods of determination and measurement of DLMI. Results: There is no consensus as to the reliability and validity of methods and measurement instruments existing in the literature. It has been proven the reliability of the proposed protocol, according to the results of other authors and the data obtained in our study. Conclusions: The Weber-Barstow maneuver, study with tape measure, PALM® and tablets and pelvic compensation level for clinical determination of DLMI is proposed. The anteroposterior telemetry lower limb load as a complementary test, and the Foot Posture Index (hereinafter FPI) and Navicular Drop Test (hereinafter NDT) for the analysis of the position of the foot., Objetivos: Proponer un protocolo clínico de exploración válido y fiable para el estudio de las diferencias de longitud de miembro inferior (en adelante DLMI). Material y método: Revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos científicas, y estudio descriptivo sobre con una muestra total de 115 participantes: estudio de los diferentes métodos de determinación y medición de las DLMI. Resultados: No existe consenso en cuanto a la fiabilidad y validez de los métodos e instrumentos de medida existentes en la bibliografía consultada. Se ha comprobado la fiabilidad del protocolo propuesto, según los resultados de otros autores y por los datos obtenidos en nuestro estudio. Conclusiones: Se propone la maniobra Weber-Barstow, estudio con cinta métrica, PALM® y compensación con tablillas y nivel pélvico para la determinación clínica de las DLMI. La telemetría anteroposterior de miembros inferiores en carga como prueba complementaria, y el Foot Posture Index (en adelante, FPI) y Navicular Drop Test (en adelante, NDT) para el análisis de la posición del pie.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess and compare the knowledge of fourth-year medicine, physiotherapy (PT), nursing, and podiatry students in carpal and tarsal bone anatomy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Based on a nonprobability convenience sampling, 177 fourth-year students (117 women and 60 men, mean age of 23.16 ± 3.82 years) from the podiatry (n = 39), nursing (n = 26), PT (n = 73), and medicine (n = 39) schools at a large Spanish university were included. Measurements were taken of their gross anatomy knowledge by means of the carpal and the tarsal bone tests. Students were asked to identify all carpal and tarsal bones in an illustration of the bony skeleton of both regions and were given a maximum of 5 minutes per test. Results: Of a total of 15 bones to be labeled, the PT (11.07 ± 3.30) and podiatry (9.36 ± 2.93) students had the highest rate of correct answers compared with the medicine (6.13 ± 3.27) and nursing (4.04 ± 3.72) undergraduates. When assessing academic degrees and test scores, significant differences were observed between PT and podiatry participants vs those from the medicine and nursing schools (P < .001). Conclusion: Fourth-year students from the PT and podiatry programs correctly identified a higher number of carpal and tarsal bones than students from the nursing and medicine schools.

Resumen: La expansión mundial y el grado de profesionalización del baile flamenco han equiparado las demandas físicas de esta forma dancística a la de cualquier disciplina deportiva de alto rendimiento. El propio gesto técnico del flamenco, especialmente el zapateado y el impacto que éste genera, es el principal factor predisponentes de lesiones en los pies y miembros inferiores. De estas lesiones, destacan por su alta incidencia el hallux abductus valgus, dedos en garra, juanetes de sastre y onicodistrofias, además de problemas de sobrecarga y dolor metatarsal, que afecta a más del 80% de la muestra analizada, 44 bailaoras profesionales de flamenco con más de 20h de práctica semanal de baile. Desde el campo de la podología, han sido registradas dos patentes dirigidas a prevenir y/o paliar la sintomatología asociada a estas patologías y alteraciones podológicas: soportes plantares y calzado fisiológico para baile flamenco., The global expansion and the degree of flamenco dancing professionalization have matched the physical demands of this dance to any high-performance sport. The technical gesture, typical of flamenco, especially the footwork and its generated impacts, is the main predisposing factor of injury in feet and lower limbs. Forty four professional flamenco dancers, with more than 20 hours of weekly dance practice, have been studied. The following injuries are noted for their high incidence: hallux abductus valgus, hammertoes, bunions tailor, onychodystrophy, overload problems and metatarsal pain, which affect more than 80% of the sample. From the field of podiatry, two patents have been registered to prevent and/or alleviate the symptoms associated with these diseases and podiatry disorders: orthotic devices and physiological footwear for flamenco dancing.

Introducción: La conciliación del tratamiento farmacológico consiste en revisar y registrar de forma completa y precisa la medicación habitual de un paciente, con objeto de conseguir la seguridad del mismo en cuanto al uso de los medicamentos. El objetivo principal de este estudio es cuantificar las discrepancias de conciliación producidas como consecuencia de la transición sanitaria del paciente entre los distintos niveles asistenciales. Métodos: Estudio piloto descriptivo multicéntrico desarrollado con 29 pacientes en seis farmacias comunitarias onubenses durante tres meses. Se estudia el tratamiento farmacológico del paciente comparando su tratamiento habitual con el nuevo tratamiento instaurado. Para la toma de decisiones se emplean la Base de Datos de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, el método Dáder en seguimiento farmacoterapéutico y los criterios Stopp-Start en pacientes mayores de 65 años. Resultados: En un 37,9% de los pacientes estudiados se encontraron discrepancias en la medicación, principalmente en pacientes que proceden del hospital (36,4% tras alta hospitalaria y 45,5% tras visita al especialista). Las discrepancias mayoritarias tras la conciliación se detectan en la patología cardiovascular, seguida en menor medida por la patología renal. En un 36,4% de los casos el tipo de error observado ha sido la duplicidad de tratamiento farmacológico para una misma patología y en un 27,3% de los pacientes se detectaron enfermedades que no estaban siendo tratadas. Asimismo, se observaron pautas erróneas en el tratamiento (18,2%) y dosis erróneas de administración (9,1%). Un 81,8 % de los pacientes fue derivado al médico. Conclusión: Las discrepancias en el tratamiento farmacológico de un paciente tras el cambio de nivel asistencial son muy elevadas. Dado que el farmacéutico comunitario es el último profesional sanitario en contacto con el paciente antes de la administración del medicamento, su intervención permite detectar estas discrepancias, disminuyendo, Introduction: Proper usage of medicines is the main objective of the medication reconciliation. It consists of a method to review systematically the patient medicine intakes to guarantee their safety. Objectives: This paper aims to demonstrate the correlation between failure in treatment reconciliation and patient changes in the different care levels. Methods: A multisite descriptive pilot study was developed in six pharmacies from Huelva for three months. Twenty nine patients’ ordinary pharmacological treatments were compared to new prescribed treatments. BOT PLUS medicine database, Dader method and Stopp-Start criteria were used in the decision making process to analyze data. Results: A 37.9% patients show discrepancies in their pharmacological treatments, mainly those who come from a hospital discharge (36.4%) and those who come from specialists (45.5%). Heart disease patients showed the highest discrepancies, followed by kidney disease patients. Discrepancies were due to double prescription for the same pathology (36.4%) and non treatment diseases detection (27.3%). Additionally, mistakes in treatment (18.2%) and mistakes in dosage prescription (9.1%) were observed. As a consequence, 81.8% were sent back to receive medical attention. Discussion: As a summary, discrepancies in pharmacological treatments are found to be very high when patients change care levels. Pharmacist role to avoid these discrepancies is key, since they are the last sanitary professional in contact with the patient before medicines intake.

Desde el punto de vista artístico, el zapateado conforma la seña de identidad del baile flamenco, es el principal elemento de creación musical, percutiva en esencia, y su intensidad, velocidad en la ejecución y simetría son principios fundamentales para un profesional. Desde una visión podológica, es literalmente un gesto lesivo. El zapateado es sinónimo de impacto, impactos de repetición, y de inestabilidad asociada. Se relaciona con patologías y deformidades dígitometatarsales, como el Hallus Abductus Valgus o el Juanete de Sastre, con lesiones de partes blandas y problemas articulares a distancia, en rodilla, cadera y columna fundamentalmente. En el presente artículo de revisión, se analiza el zapateado flamenco desde el punto de vista podológico, biomecánico en su ejecución, y en relación a las lesiones de miembro inferior asociadas al mismo., From an artistic point of view, the zapateado is an identity signal of flamenco dancing and the main element for musical creativity. It has a percussive essence and its intensity, speed and symmetry during performance are fundamental for professional flamenco dancers. From a podiatric point of view, it is a damaging gesture. Zapateado and repetitive impact are synonymous, and it also involves instability. It is related to digital-metatarsal pathologies and deformities like, hallux abducto-valgus or Taylor’s bunion, and is also related to soft tissue injuries and articular problems in different joints as knees, hips and low back. In this review article the flamenco zapateado is analyzed from both podiatric and biomechanical points of view, and its relationship with lower limb injuries is also studied.