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1. Associations between daily step count classifications and continuous glucose monitoring metrics in adults with type 1 diabetes: analysis of the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative (T1DEXI) cohort

Author

Turner, Lauren V., Marak, Martin Chase, Gal, Robin L., Calhoun, Peter, Li, Zoey, Jacobs, Peter G., Clements, Mark A., Martin, Corby K., Doyle, III, Francis J., Patton, Susana R., Castle, Jessica R., Gillingham, Melanie B., Beck, Roy W., Rickels, Michael R., and Riddell, Michael C.

Published
2024
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2. A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings

Author

Klonoff, David C, Wang, Jing, Rodbard, David, Kohn, Michael A, Li, Chengdong, Liepmann, Dorian, Kerr, David, Ahn, David, Peters, Anne L, Umpierrez, Guillermo E, Seley, Jane Jeffrie, Xu, Nicole Y, Nguyen, Kevin T, Simonson, Gregg, Agus, Michael SD, Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E, Armaiz-Pena, Gustavo, Bailey, Timothy S, Basu, Ananda, Battelino, Tadej, Bekele, Sewagegn Yeshiwas, Benhamou, Pierre-Yves, Bequette, B Wayne, Blevins, Thomas, Breton, Marc D, Castle, Jessica R, Chase, James Geoffrey, Chen, Kong Y, Choudhary, Pratik, Clements, Mark A, Close, Kelly L, Cook, Curtiss B, Danne, Thomas, Doyle, Francis J, Drincic, Angela, Dungan, Kathleen M, Edelman, Steven V, Ejskjaer, Niels, Espinoza, Juan C, Fleming, G Alexander, Forlenza, Gregory P, Freckmann, Guido, Galindo, Rodolfo J, Gomez, Ana Maria, Gutow, Hanna A, Heinemann, Lutz, Hirsch, Irl B, Hoang, Thanh D, Hovorka, Roman, Jendle, Johan H, Ji, Linong, Joshi, Shashank R, Joubert, Michael, Koliwad, Suneil K, Lal, Rayhan A, Lansang, M Cecilia, Lee, Wei-An, Leelarathna, Lalantha, Leiter, Lawrence A, Lind, Marcus, Litchman, Michelle L, Mader, Julia K, Mahoney, Katherine M, Mankovsky, Boris, Masharani, Umesh, Mathioudakis, Nestoras N, Mayorov, Alexander, Messler, Jordan, Miller, Joshua D, Mohan, Viswanathan, Nichols, James H, Nørgaard, Kirsten, O’Neal, David N, Pasquel, Francisco J, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Pieber, Thomas, Phillip, Moshe, Polonsky, William H, Pop-Busui, Rodica, Rayman, Gerry, Rhee, Eun-Jung, Russell, Steven J, Shah, Viral N, Sherr, Jennifer L, Sode, Koji, Spanakis, Elias K, Wake, Deborah J, Waki, Kayo, Wallia, Amisha, Weinberg, Melissa E, Wolpert, Howard, Wright, Eugene E, Zilbermint, Mihail, and Kovatchev, Boris

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Diabetes, Adult, Humans, Blood Glucose, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, Glucose, ambulatory glucose profile, composite metric, continuous glucose monitor, diabetes, glycemia risk index, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, time in range, Nutrition and dietetics
Abstract

BackgroundA composite metric for the quality of glycemia from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) tracings could be useful for assisting with basic clinical interpretation of CGM data.MethodsWe assembled a data set of 14-day CGM tracings from 225 insulin-treated adults with diabetes. Using a balanced incomplete block design, 330 clinicians who were highly experienced with CGM analysis and interpretation ranked the CGM tracings from best to worst quality of glycemia. We used principal component analysis and multiple regressions to develop a model to predict the clinician ranking based on seven standard metrics in an Ambulatory Glucose Profile: very low-glucose and low-glucose hypoglycemia; very high-glucose and high-glucose hyperglycemia; time in range; mean glucose; and coefficient of variation.ResultsThe analysis showed that clinician rankings depend on two components, one related to hypoglycemia that gives more weight to very low-glucose than to low-glucose and the other related to hyperglycemia that likewise gives greater weight to very high-glucose than to high-glucose. These two components should be calculated and displayed separately, but they can also be combined into a single Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) that corresponds closely to the clinician rankings of the overall quality of glycemia (r = 0.95). The GRI can be displayed graphically on a GRI Grid with the hypoglycemia component on the horizontal axis and the hyperglycemia component on the vertical axis. Diagonal lines divide the graph into five zones (quintiles) corresponding to the best (0th to 20th percentile) to worst (81st to 100th percentile) overall quality of glycemia. The GRI Grid enables users to track sequential changes within an individual over time and compare groups of individuals.ConclusionThe GRI is a single-number summary of the quality of glycemia. Its hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia components provide actionable scores and a graphical display (the GRI Grid) that can be used by clinicians and researchers to determine the glycemic effects of prescribed and investigational treatments.

Published
2023

7. Effect of Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia on Glucose Decline During and After Exercise in the T1DEXI Study.

Author

Kamimoto, Jorge L Jo, Li, Zoey, Gal, Robin L, Castle, Jessica R, Doyle, Francis J, Jacobs, Peter G, Martin, Corby K, Beck, Roy W, Calhoun, Peter, Riddell, Michael C, and Rickels, Michael R

Subjects
CONTINUOUS glucose monitoring, TYPE 1 diabetes, GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin, HYPOGLYCEMIA, INSULIN
Abstract

Context Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face the necessity of balancing the benefits of exercise with the potential hazards of hypoglycemia. Objective This work aimed to assess whether impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) affects exercise-associated hypoglycemia in adults with T1D. Methods We compared continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-measured glucose during exercise and for 24 hours following exercise from 95 adults with T1D and IAH (Clarke score ≥4 or ≥1 severe hypoglycemic event within the past year) to 95 "aware" adults (Clarke score ≤2 and no severe hypoglycemic event within the past year) matched on sex, age, insulin delivery modality, and glycated hemoglobin A1c. A total of 4236 exercise sessions, and 1794 exercise days and 839 sedentary days, defined as 24 hours following exercise or a day without exercise, respectively, were available for analysis. Results Participants with IAH exhibited a nonsignificant trend toward greater decline in glucose during exercise compared to "aware" (−21 ± 44 vs −19 ± 43 mg/dL [−1.17 ± 2.44 vs −1.05 ± 2.39 mmol/L], adjusted group difference of −4.2 [95% CI, −8.4 to 0.05] mg/dL [−0.23 95% CI, −.47 to 0.003 mmol/L]; P =.051). Individuals with IAH had a higher proportion of days with hypoglycemic events below 70 mg/dL [3.89 mmol/L] (≥15 minutes <70 mg/dL [<3.89 mmol/L]) both on exercise days (51% vs 43%; P =.006) and sedentary days (48% vs 30%; P =.001). The increased odds of experiencing a hypoglycemic event below 70 mg/dL (<3.89 mmol/L) for individuals with IAH compared to "aware" did not differ significantly between exercise and sedentary days (interaction P =.36). Conclusion Individuals with IAH have a higher underlying risk of hypoglycemia than "aware" individuals. Exercise does not appear to differentially increase risk for hypoglycemia during the activity, or in the subsequent 24 hours for IAH compared to aware individuals with T1D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Improving Glycemic Control in Diabetes: Best Practices, Pitfalls, and Opportunities

Author

Jacobs, Peter G., primary, Herrero, Pau, additional, Facchinetti, Andrea, additional, Vehi, Josep, additional, Kovatchev, Boris, additional, Breton, Marc D., additional, Cinar, Ali, additional, Nikita, Konstantina S., additional, Doyle, Francis J., additional, Bondia, Jorge, additional, Battelino, Tadej, additional, Castle, Jessica R., additional, Zarkogianni, Konstantia, additional, Narayan, Rahul, additional, and Mosquera-Lopez, Clara, additional

Published
2024
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11. Fabrication and Characterization of an Amperometric Glucose Sensor on a Flexible Polyimide Substrate

Author

Du, Xiaosong, Durgan, Christopher J., Matthews, David J., Motley, Joshua R., Tan, Xuebin, Pholsena, Kovit, Árnadóttir, Líney, Castle, Jessica R., Jacobs, Peter G., Cargill, Robert S., Ward, W. Kenneth, Conley Jr., John F., and Herman, Gregory S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

This study details the use of printing and other additive processes to fabricate a novel amperometric glucose sensor. The sensor was fabricated using a Au coated 12.7 micron polyimide film as a starting material, where micro-contact printing, electrochemical plating and chloridization, electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing, and spin coating were used to pattern, deposit, print, and coat functional materials, respectively. We have found that e-jet printing was effective for the deposition and patterning of glucose oxidase inks between ~5 to 1000 micron in width, and we have demonstrated that the enzyme was still active after printing. The thickness of the permselective layer was optimized to obtain a linear response to glucose concentration up to 32 mM. For these sensors no response to acetaminophen, a common interfering compound, was observed., Comment: This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to a crucial error in Figure 4 and 6

Published
2014
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14. Combining uncertainty-aware predictive modeling and a bedtime Smart Snack intervention to prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections

Author

Mosquera-Lopez, Clara, primary, Roquemen-Echeverri, Valentina, additional, Tyler, Nichole S, additional, Patton, Susana R, additional, Clements, Mark A, additional, Martin, Corby K, additional, Riddell, Michael C, additional, Gal, Robin L, additional, Gillingham, Melanie, additional, Wilson, Leah M, additional, Castle, Jessica R, additional, and Jacobs, Peter G, additional

Published
2023
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15. Consensus Recommendations for the Use of Automated Insulin Delivery Technologies in Clinical Practice

Author

Phillip, Moshe, Nimri, Revital, Bergenstal, Richard M, Barnard-Kelly, Katharine, Danne, Thomas, Hovorka, Roman, Kovatchev, Boris P, Messer, Laurel H, Parkin, Christopher G, Ambler-Osborn, Louise, Amiel, Stephanie A, Bally, Lia, Beck, Roy W, Biester, Sarah, Biester, Torben, Blanchette, Julia E, Bosi, Emanuele, Boughton, Charlotte K, Breton, Marc D, Brown, Sue A, Buckingham, Bruce A, Cai, Albert, Carlson, Anders L, Castle, Jessica R, Choudhary, Pratik, Close, Kelly L, Cobelli, Claudio, Criego, Amy B, Davis, Elizabeth, de Beaufort, Carine, de Bock, Martin I, DeSalvo, Daniel J, DeVries, J Hans, Dovc, Klemen, Doyle, Francis J, Ekhlaspour, Laya, Shvalb, Naama Fisch, Forlenza, Gregory P, Gallen, Geraldine, Garg, Satish K, Gershenoff, Dana C, Gonder-Frederick, Linda A, Haidar, Ahmad, Hartnell, Sara, Heinemann, Lutz, Heller, Simon, Hirsch, Irl B, Hood, Korey K, Isaacs, Diana, Klonoff, David C, Kordonouri, Olga, Kowalski, Aaron, Laffel, Lori, Lawton, Julia, Lal, Rayhan A, Leelarathna, Lalantha, Maahs, David M, Murphy, Helen R, Nørgaard, Kirsten, O'Neal, David, Oser, Sean, Oser, Tamara, Renard, Eric, Riddell, Michael C, Rodbard, David, Russell, Steven J, Schatz, Desmond A, Shah, Viral N, Sherr, Jennifer L, Simonson, Gregg D, Wadwa, R Paul, Ward, Candice, Weinzimer, Stuart A, Wilmot, Emma G, Battelino, Tadej, General Internal Medicine, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism

Subjects
closed-loop, Endocrinology, consensus recommendations, automated insulin delivery, type 1 diabetes, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 610 Medicine & health, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract

The significant and growing global prevalence of diabetes continues to challenge people with diabetes (PwD), healthcare providers, and payers. While maintaining near-normal glucose levels has been shown to prevent or delay the progression of the long-term complications of diabetes, a significant proportion of PwD are not attaining their glycemic goals. During the past 6 years, we have seen tremendous advances in automated insulin delivery (AID) technologies. Numerous randomized controlled trials and real-world studies have shown that the use of AID systems is safe and effective in helping PwD achieve their long-term glycemic goals while reducing hypoglycemia risk. Thus, AID systems have recently become an integral part of diabetes management. However, recommendations for using AID systems in clinical settings have been lacking. Such guided recommendations are critical for AID success and acceptance. All clinicians working with PwD need to become familiar with the available systems in order to eliminate disparities in diabetes quality of care. This report provides much-needed guidance for clinicians who are interested in utilizing AIDs and presents a comprehensive listing of the evidence payers should consider when determining eligibility criteria for AID insurance coverage.

Published
2023

16. Combining uncertainty-aware predictive modeling and a bedtime Smart Snack intervention to prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections.

Author

Mosquera-Lopez, Clara, Roquemen-Echeverri, Valentina, Tyler, Nichole S, Patton, Susana R, Clements, Mark A, Martin, Corby K, Riddell, Michael C, Gal, Robin L, Gillingham, Melanie, Wilson, Leah M, Castle, Jessica R, and Jacobs, Peter G

Abstract

Objective Nocturnal hypoglycemia is a known challenge for people with type 1 diabetes, especially for physically active individuals or those on multiple daily injections. We developed an evidential neural network (ENN) to predict at bedtime the probability and timing of nocturnal hypoglycemia (0-4 vs 4-8 h after bedtime) based on several glucose metrics and physical activity patterns. We utilized these predictions in silico to prescribe bedtime carbohydrates with a Smart Snack intervention specific to the predicted minimum nocturnal glucose and timing of nocturnal hypoglycemia. Materials and methods We leveraged free-living datasets collected from 366 individuals from the T1DEXI Study and Glooko. Inputs to the ENN used to model nocturnal hypoglycemia were derived from demographic information, continuous glucose monitoring, and physical activity data. We assessed the accuracy of the ENN using area under the receiver operating curve, and the clinical impact of the Smart Snack intervention through simulations. Results The ENN achieved an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.80 and 0.71 to predict nocturnal hypoglycemic events during 0-4 and 4-8 h after bedtime, respectively, outperforming all evaluated baseline methods. Use of the Smart Snack intervention reduced probability of nocturnal hypoglycemia from 23.9 ± 14.1% to 14.0 ± 13.3% and duration from 7.4 ± 7.0% to 2.4 ± 3.3% in silico. Discussion Our findings indicate that the ENN-based Smart Snack intervention has the potential to significantly reduce the frequency and duration of nocturnal hypoglycemic events. Conclusion A decision support system that combines prediction of minimum nocturnal glucose and proactive recommendations for bedtime carbohydrate intake might effectively prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia and reduce the burden of glycemic self-management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings

Author

Klonoff, David C., Wang, Jing, Rodbard, David, Kohn, Michael A., Li, Chengdong, Liepmann, Dorian, Kerr, David, Ahn, David, Peters, Anne L., Umpierrez, Guillermo E., Seley, Jane Jeffrie, Xu, Nicole Y., Nguyen, Kevin T., Simonson, Gregg, Agus, Michael S.D., Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E., Armaiz-Pena, Gustavo, Bailey, Timothy S., Basu, Ananda, Battelino, Tadej, Bekele, Sewagegn Yeshiwas, Benhamou, Pierre Yves, Bequette, B. Wayne, Blevins, Thomas, Breton, Marc D., Castle, Jessica R., Chase, James Geoffrey, Chen, Kong Y., Choudhary, Pratik, Clements, Mark A., Close, Kelly L., Cook, Curtiss B., Danne, Thomas, Doyle, Francis J., Drincic, Angela, Dungan, Kathleen M., Edelman, Steven V., Ejskjaer, Niels, Espinoza, Juan C., Fleming, G. Alexander, Forlenza, Gregory P., Freckmann, Guido, Galindo, Rodolfo J., Gomez, Ana Maria, Gutow, Hanna A., Heinemann, Lutz, Hirsch, Irl B., Hoang, Thanh D., Hovorka, Roman, Jendle, Johan H., Ji, Linong, Joshi, Shashank R., Joubert, Michael, Koliwad, Suneil K., Lal, Rayhan A., Lansang, M. Cecilia, Lee, Wei An, Leelarathna, Lalantha, Leiter, Lawrence A., Lind, Marcus, Litchman, Michelle L., Mader, Julia K., Mahoney, Katherine M., Mankovsky, Boris, Masharani, Umesh, Mathioudakis, Nestoras N., Mayorov, Alexander, Messler, Jordan, Miller, Joshua D., Mohan, Viswanathan, Nichols, James H., Nørgaard, Kirsten, O’Neal, David N., Pasquel, Francisco J., Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Pieber, Thomas, Phillip, Moshe, Polonsky, William H., Pop-Busui, Rodica, Rayman, Gerry, Rhee, Eun Jung, Russell, Steven J., Shah, Viral N., Sherr, Jennifer L., Sode, Koji, Spanakis, Elias K., Wake, Deborah J., Waki, Kayo, Wallia, Amisha, Weinberg, Melissa E., Wolpert, Howard, Wright, Eugene E., Zilbermint, Mihail, Kovatchev, Boris, Klonoff, David C., Wang, Jing, Rodbard, David, Kohn, Michael A., Li, Chengdong, Liepmann, Dorian, Kerr, David, Ahn, David, Peters, Anne L., Umpierrez, Guillermo E., Seley, Jane Jeffrie, Xu, Nicole Y., Nguyen, Kevin T., Simonson, Gregg, Agus, Michael S.D., Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E., Armaiz-Pena, Gustavo, Bailey, Timothy S., Basu, Ananda, Battelino, Tadej, Bekele, Sewagegn Yeshiwas, Benhamou, Pierre Yves, Bequette, B. Wayne, Blevins, Thomas, Breton, Marc D., Castle, Jessica R., Chase, James Geoffrey, Chen, Kong Y., Choudhary, Pratik, Clements, Mark A., Close, Kelly L., Cook, Curtiss B., Danne, Thomas, Doyle, Francis J., Drincic, Angela, Dungan, Kathleen M., Edelman, Steven V., Ejskjaer, Niels, Espinoza, Juan C., Fleming, G. Alexander, Forlenza, Gregory P., Freckmann, Guido, Galindo, Rodolfo J., Gomez, Ana Maria, Gutow, Hanna A., Heinemann, Lutz, Hirsch, Irl B., Hoang, Thanh D., Hovorka, Roman, Jendle, Johan H., Ji, Linong, Joshi, Shashank R., Joubert, Michael, Koliwad, Suneil K., Lal, Rayhan A., Lansang, M. Cecilia, Lee, Wei An, Leelarathna, Lalantha, Leiter, Lawrence A., Lind, Marcus, Litchman, Michelle L., Mader, Julia K., Mahoney, Katherine M., Mankovsky, Boris, Masharani, Umesh, Mathioudakis, Nestoras N., Mayorov, Alexander, Messler, Jordan, Miller, Joshua D., Mohan, Viswanathan, Nichols, James H., Nørgaard, Kirsten, O’Neal, David N., Pasquel, Francisco J., Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Pieber, Thomas, Phillip, Moshe, Polonsky, William H., Pop-Busui, Rodica, Rayman, Gerry, Rhee, Eun Jung, Russell, Steven J., Shah, Viral N., Sherr, Jennifer L., Sode, Koji, Spanakis, Elias K., Wake, Deborah J., Waki, Kayo, Wallia, Amisha, Weinberg, Melissa E., Wolpert, Howard, Wright, Eugene E., Zilbermint, Mihail, and Kovatchev, Boris

Abstract

Background: A composite metric for the quality of glycemia from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) tracings could be useful for assisting with basic clinical interpretation of CGM data. Methods: We assembled a data set of 14-day CGM tracings from 225 insulin-treated adults with diabetes. Using a balanced incomplete block design, 330 clinicians who were highly experienced with CGM analysis and interpretation ranked the CGM tracings from best to worst quality of glycemia. We used principal component analysis and multiple regressions to develop a model to predict the clinician ranking based on seven standard metrics in an Ambulatory Glucose Profile: very low–glucose and low-glucose hypoglycemia; very high–glucose and high-glucose hyperglycemia; time in range; mean glucose; and coefficient of variation. Results: The analysis showed that clinician rankings depend on two components, one related to hypoglycemia that gives more weight to very low-glucose than to low-glucose and the other related to hyperglycemia that likewise gives greater weight to very high-glucose than to high-glucose. These two components should be calculated and displayed separately, but they can also be combined into a single Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) that corresponds closely to the clinician rankings of the overall quality of glycemia (r = 0.95). The GRI can be displayed graphically on a GRI Grid with the hypoglycemia component on the horizontal axis and the hyperglycemia component on the vertical axis. Diagonal lines divide the graph into five zones (quintiles) corresponding to the best (0th to 20th percentile) to worst (81st to 100th percentile) overall quality of glycemia. The GRI Grid enables users to track sequential changes within an individual over time and compare groups of individuals. Conclusion: The GRI is a single-number summary of the quality of glycemia. Its hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia components provide actionable scores and a graphical display (the GRI Grid) that can be used by cl

Published
2023

18. Accuracy of Wrist-Worn Activity Monitors During Common Daily Physical Activities and Types of Structured Exercise: Evaluation Study

Author

Reddy, Ravi Kondama, Pooni, Rubin, Zaharieva, Dessi P, Senf, Brian, El Youssef, Joseph, Dassau, Eyal, Doyle III, Francis J, Clements, Mark A, Rickels, Michael R, Patton, Susana R, Castle, Jessica R, Riddell, Michael C, and Jacobs, Peter G

Subjects
Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundWrist-worn activity monitors are often used to monitor heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) in a variety of settings including more recently in medical applications. The use of real-time physiological signals to inform medical systems including drug delivery systems and decision support systems will depend on the accuracy of the signals being measured, including accuracy of HR and EE. Prior studies assessed accuracy of wearables only during steady-state aerobic exercise. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to validate the accuracy of both HR and EE for 2 common wrist-worn devices during a variety of dynamic activities that represent various physical activities associated with daily living including structured exercise. MethodsWe assessed the accuracy of both HR and EE for two common wrist-worn devices (Fitbit Charge 2 and Garmin vívosmart HR+) during dynamic activities. Over a 2-day period, 20 healthy adults (age: mean 27.5 [SD 6.0] years; body mass index: mean 22.5 [SD 2.3] kg/m2; 11 females) performed a maximal oxygen uptake test, free-weight resistance circuit, interval training session, and activities of daily living. Validity was assessed using an HR chest strap (Polar) and portable indirect calorimetry (Cosmed). Accuracy of the commercial wearables versus research-grade standards was determined using Bland-Altman analysis, correlational analysis, and error bias. ResultsFitbit and Garmin were reasonably accurate at measuring HR but with an overall negative bias. There was more error observed during high-intensity activities when there was a lack of repetitive wrist motion and when the exercise mode indicator was not used. The Garmin estimated HR with a mean relative error (RE, %) of −3.3% (SD 16.7), whereas Fitbit estimated HR with an RE of −4.7% (SD 19.6) across all activities. The highest error was observed during high-intensity intervals on bike (Fitbit: −11.4% [SD 35.7]; Garmin: −14.3% [SD 20.5]) and lowest error during high-intensity intervals on treadmill (Fitbit: −1.7% [SD 11.5]; Garmin: −0.5% [SD 9.4]). Fitbit and Garmin EE estimates differed significantly, with Garmin having less negative bias (Fitbit: −19.3% [SD 28.9], Garmin: −1.6% [SD 30.6], P

Published
2018
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20. The Type 1 Diabetes and EXercise Initiative (T1DEXI): Examining the acute glycemic effects of different types of structured exercise sessions in type 1 diabetes in a real-world setting

Author

Riddell, Michael C., primary, Li, Zoey, primary, Gal, Robin L., primary, Calhoun, Peter, primary, Jacobs, Peter G., primary, Clements, Mark A., primary, Martin, Corby K., primary, III, Francis J. Doyle,, primary, Patton, Susana R., primary, Castle, Jessica R., primary, Gillingham, Melanie B., primary, Beck, Roy W., primary, and Rickels, Michael R., primary

Published
2023
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21. “The Times They Are A-Changin’” at Diabetes Care

Author

Kahn, Steven E., primary, Anderson, Cheryl A.M., additional, Buse, John B., additional, Selvin, Elizabeth, additional, Angell, Sonia Y., additional, Aroda, Vanita R., additional, Castle, Jessica R., additional, Cheng, Alice Y.Y., additional, Danne, Thomas, additional, Echouffo-Tcheugui, Justin B., additional, Florez, Jose C., additional, Gadgil, Meghana D., additional, Gastaldelli, Amalia, additional, Green, Jennifer B., additional, Jastreboff, Ania M., additional, Kanaya, Alka M., additional, Kandula, Namratha R., additional, Kovesdy, Csaba P., additional, Laiteerapong, Neda, additional, Nadeau, Kristen J., additional, Pop-Busui, Rodica, additional, Powe, Camille E., additional, Rebholz, Casey M., additional, Rickels, Michael R., additional, Sattar, Naveed, additional, Shaw, Jonathan E., additional, Sims, Emily K., additional, Utzschneider, Kristina M., additional, Vella, Adrian, additional, and Zhang, Cuilin, additional

Published
2022
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22. Assessment of a Decision Support System for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes on Multiple Daily Insulin Injections

Author

Castle, Jessica R., primary, Wilson, Leah M., additional, Tyler, Nichole S., additional, Espinoza, Alejandro Z., additional, Mosquera-Lopez, Clara M., additional, Kushner, Taisa, additional, Young, Gavin M., additional, Pinsonault, Joseph, additional, Dodier, Robert H., additional, Hilts, Wade W., additional, Oganessian, Sos M., additional, Branigan, Deborah L., additional, Gabo, Virginia B., additional, Eom, Jae H., additional, Ramsey, Katrina, additional, Youssef, Joseph El, additional, Cafazzo, Joseph A., additional, Winters-Stone, Kerri, additional, and Jacobs, Peter G., additional

Published
2022
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23. Supplemental Materials for 'Quantifying Insulin-Mediated and Non-Insulin-Mediated Changes in Glucose Dynamics during Resistance Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes'

Author

Young, Gavin, Jacobs, Peter G., Tyler, Nichole, Nguyen, Thanh Tin, Castle, Jessica R., Wilson, Leah M., Branigan, Deborah, Gabo, Virginia, H. Guillot, Florian, Riddell, Michael C., and Youssef, Joseph El

Abstract

These are the supplementary materials for the paper "Quantifying Insulin-Mediated and Non-Insulin-Mediated Changes in Glucose Dynamics during Resistance Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes".

Published
2023
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24. Consensus Recommendations for the Use of Automated Insulin Delivery Technologies in Clinical Practice

Author

Phillip, Moshe, primary, Nimri, Revital, additional, Bergenstal, Richard M, additional, Barnard-Kelly, Katharine, additional, Danne, Thomas, additional, Hovorka, Roman, additional, Kovatchev, Boris P, additional, Messer, Laurel H, additional, Parkin, Christopher G, additional, Ambler-Osborn, Louise, additional, Amiel, Stephanie A, additional, Bally, Lia, additional, Beck, Roy W, additional, Biester, Sarah, additional, Biester, Torben, additional, Blanchette, Julia E, additional, Bosi, Emanuele, additional, Boughton, Charlotte K, additional, Breton, Marc D, additional, Brown, Sue A, additional, Buckingham, Bruce A, additional, Cai, Albert, additional, Carlson, Anders L, additional, Castle, Jessica R, additional, Choudhary, Pratik, additional, Close, Kelly L, additional, Cobelli, Claudio, additional, Criego, Amy B, additional, Davis, Elizabeth, additional, de Beaufort, Carine, additional, de Bock, Martin I, additional, DeSalvo, Daniel J, additional, DeVries, J Hans, additional, Dovc, Klemen, additional, Doyle, Francis J, additional, Ekhlaspour, Laya, additional, Shvalb, Naama Fisch, additional, Forlenza, Gregory P, additional, Gallen, Geraldine, additional, Garg, Satish K, additional, Gershenoff, Dana C, additional, Gonder-Frederick, Linda A, additional, Haidar, Ahmad, additional, Hartnell, Sara, additional, Heinemann, Lutz, additional, Heller, Simon, additional, Hirsch, Irl B, additional, Hood, Korey K, additional, Isaacs, Diana, additional, Klonoff, David C, additional, Kordonouri, Olga, additional, Kowalski, Aaron, additional, Laffel, Lori, additional, Lawton, Julia, additional, Lal, Rayhan A, additional, Leelarathna, Lalantha, additional, Maahs, David M, additional, Murphy, Helen R, additional, Nørgaard, Kirsten, additional, O’Neal, David, additional, Oser, Sean, additional, Oser, Tamara, additional, Renard, Eric, additional, Riddell, Michael C, additional, Rodbard, David, additional, Russell, Steven J, additional, Schatz, Desmond A, additional, Shah, Viral N, additional, Sherr, Jennifer L, additional, Simonson, Gregg D, additional, Wadwa, R Paul, additional, Ward, Candice, additional, Weinzimer, Stuart A, additional, Wilmot, Emma G, additional, and Battelino, Tadej, additional

Published
2022
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25. 241-OR: Increased Time in Range on Days with Structured Aerobic, Interval, or Resistance Exercise as Compared with Sedentary Days, in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Author

LI, ZOEY, primary, RIDDELL, MICHAEL, additional, RICKELS, MICHAEL R., additional, BECK, ROY, additional, CASTLE, JESSICA R., additional, CLEMENTS, MARK A., additional, DOYLE, FRANCIS J., additional, GAL, ROBIN L., additional, GILLINGHAM, MELANIE B., additional, JACOBS, PETER G., additional, MARTIN, CORBY K., additional, PATTON, SUSANA R., additional, and CALHOUN, PETER, additional

Published
2022
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26. 771-P: Acceptance of Decision Support Recommendations Improves Time in Range for People Living with Type 1 Diabetes on Multiple Daily Injections

Author

CASTLE, JESSICA R., primary, ESPINOZA, ALEJANDRO Z., additional, TYLER, NICHOLE S., additional, WILSON, LEAH M., additional, MOSQUERA-LOPEZ, CLARA M., additional, PINSONAULT, JOSEPH, additional, DODIER, ROBERT, additional, OGANESSIAN, SOS M., additional, BRANIGAN, DEBORAH, additional, GABO, VIRGINIA, additional, EOM, JAE H., additional, EL YOUSSEF, JOSEPH, additional, RAMSEY, KATRINA, additional, KUSHNER, TAISA, additional, WINTERS-STONE, KERRI, additional, CAFAZZO, JOSEPH A., additional, and JACOBS, PETER G., additional

Published
2022
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27. 292-OR: Changes in Glycemia during Exercise Differ for Aerobic, Interval, and Resistance Workouts with No Impact of Insulin Delivery Modality for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Author

RIDDELL, MICHAEL, primary, PATTON, SUSANA R., additional, MARTIN, CORBY K., additional, LI, ZOEY, additional, JACOBS, PETER G., additional, GILLINGHAM, MELANIE B., additional, GAL, ROBIN L., additional, DOYLE, FRANCIS J., additional, CLEMENTS, MARK A., additional, CALHOUN, PETER, additional, CASTLE, JESSICA R., additional, BECK, ROY, additional, and RICKELS, MICHAEL R., additional

Published
2022
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28. 240-OR: Quantifying Glucose Utilization and Endogenous Glucose Production during Resistance Exercise in People with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Author

YOUNG, GAVIN, primary, JACOBS, PETER G., additional, TYLER, NICHOLE S., additional, NGUYEN, THANH-TIN P., additional, CASTLE, JESSICA R., additional, WILSON, LEAH M., additional, BRANIGAN, DEBORAH, additional, GABO, VIRGINIA, additional, GUILLOT, FLORIAN H., additional, RIDDELL, MICHAEL, additional, and YOUSSEF, JOSEPH EL, additional

Published
2022
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29. 291-OR: Using the Performance in Exercise and Knowledge (PEAK) Guidelines Incorporated in a Smartphone-Based Decision Support System Improves Glucose Outcomes during Free-Living Exercise

Author

WILSON, LEAH M., primary, JACOBS, PETER G., additional, GUILLOT, FLORIAN H., additional, TYLER, NICHOLE S., additional, KUSHNER, TAISA, additional, ESPINOZA, ALEJANDRO Z., additional, MOSQUERA-LOPEZ, CLARA M., additional, PINSONAULT, JOSEPH, additional, DODIER, ROBERT, additional, OGANESSIAN, SOS M., additional, BRANIGAN, DEBORAH, additional, GABO, VIRGINIA, additional, EOM, JAE H., additional, YOUSSEF, JOSEPH EL, additional, WINTERS-STONE, KERRI, additional, and CASTLE, JESSICA R., additional

Published
2022
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30. Examining the Acute Glycemic Effects of Different Types of Structured Exercise Sessions in Type 1 Diabetes in a Real-World Setting: The Type 1 Diabetes and Exercise Initiative (T1DEXI).

Author

Riddell, Michael C., Li, Zoey, Gal, Robin L., Calhoun, Peter, Jacobs, Peter G., Clements, Mark A., Martin, Corby K., Doyle III, Francis J., Patton, Susana R., Castle, Jessica R., Gillingham, Melanie B., Beck, Roy W., Rickels, Michael R., T1DEXI Study Group, Dalton, Deniz, Bocchino, Laura E., Beaulieu, Lindsey C., Bell, Steven, Bugielski, Brian, and Cardenas Villamil, Gabriela

Subjects
TYPE 1 diabetes, GLYCEMIC control, RESISTANCE training, AEROBIC exercises, SMARTPHONES
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Maintenance of glycemic control during and after exercise remains a major challenge for individuals with type 1 diabetes. Glycemic responses to exercise may differ by exercise type (aerobic, interval, or resistance), and the effect of activity type on glycemic control after exercise remains unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative (T1DEXI) was a real-world study of at-home exercise. Adult participants were randomly assigned to complete six structured aerobic, interval, or resistance exercise sessions over 4 weeks. Participants self-reported study and nonstudy exercise, food intake, and insulin dosing (multiple daily injection [MDI] users) using a custom smart phone application and provided pump (pump users), heart rate, and continuous glucose monitoring data. RESULTS: A total of 497 adults with type 1 diabetes (mean age ± SD 37 ± 14 years; mean HbA1c ± SD 6.6 ± 0.8% [49 ± 8.7 mmol/mol]) assigned to structured aerobic (n = 162), interval (n = 165), or resistance (n = 170) exercise were analyzed. The mean (± SD) change in glucose during assigned exercise was −18 ± 39, −14 ± 32, and −9 ± 36 mg/dL for aerobic, interval, and resistance, respectively (P < 0.001), with similar results for closed-loop, standard pump, and MDI users. Time in range 70–180 mg/dL (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) was higher during the 24 h after study exercise when compared with days without exercise (mean ± SD 76 ± 20% vs. 70 ± 23%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Adults with type 1 diabetes experienced the largest drop in glucose level with aerobic exercise, followed by interval and resistance exercise, regardless of insulin delivery modality. Even in adults with well-controlled type 1 diabetes, days with structured exercise sessions contributed to clinically meaningful improvement in glucose time in range but may have slightly increased time below range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings

Author

Klonoff, David C., primary, Wang, Jing, additional, Rodbard, David, additional, Kohn, Michael A., additional, Li, Chengdong, additional, Liepmann, Dorian, additional, Kerr, David, additional, Ahn, David, additional, Peters, Anne L., additional, Umpierrez, Guillermo E., additional, Seley, Jane Jeffrie, additional, Xu, Nicole Y., additional, Nguyen, Kevin T., additional, Simonson, Gregg, additional, Agus, Michael S. D., additional, Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E., additional, Armaiz-Pena, Gustavo, additional, Bailey, Timothy S., additional, Basu, Ananda, additional, Battelino, Tadej, additional, Bekele, Sewagegn Yeshiwas, additional, Benhamou, Pierre-Yves, additional, Bequette, B. Wayne, additional, Blevins, Thomas, additional, Breton, Marc D., additional, Castle, Jessica R., additional, Chase, James Geoffrey, additional, Chen, Kong Y., additional, Choudhary, Pratik, additional, Clements, Mark A., additional, Close, Kelly L., additional, Cook, Curtiss B., additional, Danne, Thomas, additional, Doyle, Francis J., additional, Drincic, Angela, additional, Dungan, Kathleen M., additional, Edelman, Steven V., additional, Ejskjaer, Niels, additional, Espinoza, Juan C., additional, Fleming, G. Alexander, additional, Forlenza, Gregory P., additional, Freckmann, Guido, additional, Galindo, Rodolfo J., additional, Gomez, Ana Maria, additional, Gutow, Hanna A., additional, Heinemann, Lutz, additional, Hirsch, Irl B., additional, Hoang, Thanh D., additional, Hovorka, Roman, additional, Jendle, Johan H., additional, Ji, Linong, additional, Joshi, Shashank R., additional, Joubert, Michael, additional, Koliwad, Suneil K., additional, Lal, Rayhan A., additional, Lansang, M. Cecilia, additional, Lee, Wei-An (Andy), additional, Leelarathna, Lalantha, additional, Leiter, Lawrence A., additional, Lind, Marcus, additional, Litchman, Michelle L., additional, Mader, Julia K., additional, Mahoney, Katherine M., additional, Mankovsky, Boris, additional, Masharani, Umesh, additional, Mathioudakis, Nestoras N., additional, Mayorov, Alexander, additional, Messler, Jordan, additional, Miller, Joshua D., additional, Mohan, Viswanathan, additional, Nichols, James H., additional, Nørgaard, Kirsten, additional, O’Neal, David N., additional, Pasquel, Francisco J., additional, Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, additional, Pieber, Thomas, additional, Phillip, Moshe, additional, Polonsky, William H., additional, Pop-Busui, Rodica, additional, Rayman, Gerry, additional, Rhee, Eun-Jung, additional, Russell, Steven J., additional, Shah, Viral N., additional, Sherr, Jennifer L., additional, Sode, Koji, additional, Spanakis, Elias K., additional, Wake, Deborah J., additional, Waki, Kayo, additional, Wallia, Amisha, additional, Weinberg, Melissa E., additional, Wolpert, Howard, additional, Wright, Eugene E., additional, Zilbermint, Mihail, additional, and Kovatchev, Boris, additional

Published
2022
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33. sj-pdf-1-dst-10.1177_19322968221085273 – Supplemental material for A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings

Author

Klonoff, David C., Wang, Jing, Rodbard, David, Kohn, Michael A., Li, Chengdong, Liepmann, Dorian, Kerr, David, Ahn, David, Peters, Anne L., Umpierrez, Guillermo E., Seley, Jane Jeffrie, Xu, Nicole Y., Nguyen, Kevin T., Simonson, Gregg, Agus, Michael S. D., Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E., Armaiz-Pena, Gustavo, Bailey, Timothy S., Basu, Ananda, Battelino, Tadej, Bekele, Sewagegn Yeshiwas, Benhamou, Pierre-Yves, Bequette, B. Wayne, Blevins, Thomas, Breton, Marc D., Castle, Jessica R., Chase, James Geoffrey, Chen, Kong Y., Choudhary, Pratik, Clements, Mark A., Close, Kelly L., Cook, Curtiss B., Danne, Thomas, Doyle, Francis J., Drincic, Angela, Dungan, Kathleen M., Edelman, Steven V., Ejskjaer, Niels, Espinoza, Juan C., Fleming, G. Alexander, Forlenza, Gregory P., Freckmann, Guido, Galindo, Rodolfo J., Gomez, Ana Maria, Gutow, Hanna A., Heinemann, Lutz, Hirsch, Irl B., Hoang, Thanh D., Hovorka, Roman, Jendle, Johan H., Ji, Linong, Joshi, Shashank R., Joubert, Michael, Koliwad, Suneil K., Lal, Rayhan A., Lansang, M. Cecilia, Lee, Wei-An (Andy), Leelarathna, Lalantha, Leiter, Lawrence A., Lind, Marcus, Litchman, Michelle L., Mader, Julia K., Mahoney, Katherine M., Mankovsky, Boris, Masharani, Umesh, Mathioudakis, Nestoras N., Mayorov, Alexander, Messler, Jordan, Miller, Joshua D., Mohan, Viswanathan, Nichols, James H., Nørgaard, Kirsten, O’Neal, David N., Pasquel, Francisco J., Philis-Tsimikas, Athena, Pieber, Thomas, Phillip, Moshe, Polonsky, William H., Pop-Busui, Rodica, Rayman, Gerry, Rhee, Eun-Jung, Russell, Steven J., Shah, Viral N., Sherr, Jennifer L., Sode, Koji, Spanakis, Elias K., Wake, Deborah J., Waki, Kayo, Wallia, Amisha, Weinberg, Melissa E., Wolpert, Howard, Wright, Eugene E., Zilbermint, Mihail, and Kovatchev, Boris

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, FOS: Clinical medicine, 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified, Medicine, FOS: Health sciences, 110306 Endocrinology
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-dst-10.1177_19322968221085273 for A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings by David C. Klonoff, Jing Wang, David Rodbard, Michael A. Kohn, Chengdong Li, Dorian Liepmann, David Kerr, David Ahn, Anne L. Peters, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Jane Jeffrie Seley, Nicole Y. Xu, Kevin T. Nguyen, Gregg Simonson, Michael S. D. Agus, Mohammed E. Al-Sofiani, Gustavo Armaiz-Pena, Timothy S. Bailey, Ananda Basu, Tadej Battelino, Sewagegn Yeshiwas Bekele, Pierre-Yves Benhamou, B. Wayne Bequette, Thomas Blevins, Marc D. Breton, Jessica R. Castle, James Geoffrey Chase, Kong Y. Chen, Pratik Choudhary, Mark A. Clements, Kelly L. Close, Curtiss B. Cook, Thomas Danne, Francis J. Doyle, Angela Drincic, Kathleen M. Dungan, Steven V. Edelman, Niels Ejskjaer, Juan C. Espinoza, G. Alexander Fleming, Gregory P. Forlenza, Guido Freckmann, Rodolfo J. Galindo, Ana Maria Gomez, Hanna A. Gutow, Lutz Heinemann, Irl B. Hirsch, Thanh D. Hoang, Roman Hovorka, Johan H. Jendle, Linong Ji, Shashank R. Joshi, Michael Joubert, Suneil K. Koliwad, Rayhan A. Lal, M. Cecilia Lansang, Wei-An (Andy) Lee, Lalantha Leelarathna, Lawrence A. Leiter, Marcus Lind, Michelle L. Litchman, Julia K. Mader, Katherine M. Mahoney, Boris Mankovsky, Umesh Masharani, Nestoras N. Mathioudakis, Alexander Mayorov, Jordan Messler, Joshua D. Miller, Viswanathan Mohan, James H. Nichols, Kirsten Nørgaard, David N. O’Neal, Francisco J. Pasquel, Athena Philis-Tsimikas, Thomas Pieber, Moshe Phillip, William H. Polonsky, Rodica Pop-Busui, Gerry Rayman, Eun-Jung Rhee, Steven J. Russell, Viral N. Shah, Jennifer L. Sherr, Koji Sode, Elias K. Spanakis, Deborah J. Wake, Kayo Waki, Amisha Wallia, Melissa E. Weinberg, Howard Wolpert, Eugene E. Wright, Mihail Zilbermint and Boris Kovatchev in Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology

Published
2022
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37. 32-LB: Interstitial Glucose Levels during Exercise in Persons with and without Type 1 Diabetes

Author

RIDDELL, MICHAEL, primary, LI, ZHAOMIAN, additional, DSOUZA, NINOSCHKA, additional, YEUNG, CHRISTOPHER, additional, KESIBI, DURMALOUK, additional, PATTON, SUSANA R., additional, BECK, ROY, additional, JACOBS, PETER G., additional, CLEMENTS, MARK A., additional, GAL, ROBIN L., additional, DOYLE, FRANCIS J., additional, MARTIN, CORBY K., additional, CALHOUN, PETER, additional, SHERR, JENNIFER, additional, CASTLE, JESSICA R., additional, and RICKELS, MICHAEL R., additional

Published
2021
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40. More Time in Glucose Range During Exercise Days than Sedentary Days in Adults Living with Type 1 Diabetes

Author

Riddell, Michael C., primary, Li, Zoey, additional, Beck, Roy W., additional, Gal, Robin L., additional, Jacobs, Peter G., additional, Castle, Jessica R., additional, Gillingham, Melanie B., additional, Clements, Mark, additional, Patton, Susana R., additional, Dassau, Eyal, additional, Doyle III, Francis J., additional, Martin, Corby K., additional, Calhoun, Peter, additional, and Rickels, Michael R., additional

Published
2021
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41. Separating insulin-mediated and non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake during and after aerobic exercise in type 1 diabetes

Author

Nguyen, Thanh-Tin P., primary, Jacobs, Peter G., additional, Castle, Jessica R., additional, Wilson, Leah M., additional, Kuehl, Kerry, additional, Branigan, Deborah, additional, Gabo, Virginia, additional, Guillot, Florian, additional, Riddell, Michael C., additional, Haidar, Ahmad, additional, and El Youssef, Joseph, additional

Published
2021
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42. Assessing Mealtime Macronutrient Content: Patient Perceptions Versus Expert Analyses via a Novel Phone App

Author

Gillingham, Melanie B., primary, Li, Zoey, additional, Beck, Roy W., additional, Calhoun, Peter, additional, Castle, Jessica R., additional, Clements, Mark, additional, Dassau, Eyal, additional, Doyle, Francis J., additional, Gal, Robin L., additional, Jacobs, Peter, additional, Patton, Susana R., additional, Rickels, Michael R., additional, Riddell, Michael, additional, and Martin, Corby K., additional

Published
2021
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47. Measuring glucose at the site of insulin delivery with a redox-mediated sensor

Author

Jacobs, Peter G., primary, Tyler, Nichole S., additional, Vanderwerf, Scott M., additional, Mosquera-Lopez, Clara, additional, Seidl, Thomas, additional, Cargill, Robert, additional, Branigan, Deborah, additional, Ramsey, Katrina, additional, Morris, Kristin, additional, Benware, Sheila, additional, Ward, W. Kenneth, additional, and Castle, Jessica R., additional

Published
2020
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49. Dual-hormone closed loop system using a liquid stable glucagon formulation versus insulin-only closed loop system compared to a predictive low glucose suspend system: an open label, outpatient, single center, crossover, randomized control trial

Author

Wilson, Leah M., primary, Jacobs, Peter G., primary, Ramsey, Katrina L., primary, Resalat, Navid, primary, Reddy, Ravi, primary, Branigan, Deborah, primary, Leitschuh, Joseph, primary, Gabo, Virginia, primary, Guillot, Florian, primary, Senf, Brian, primary, Youssef, Joseph El, primary, Steineck, Isabelle Isa Kristin, primary, and Castle, Jessica R., primary

Published
2020
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50. Dual-Hormone Closed-Loop System Using a Liquid Stable Glucagon Formulation Versus Insulin-Only Closed-Loop System Compared With a Predictive Low Glucose Suspend System: An Open-Label, Outpatient, Single-Center, Crossover, Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Wilson, Leah M., primary, Jacobs, Peter G., additional, Ramsey, Katrina L., additional, Resalat, Navid, additional, Reddy, Ravi, additional, Branigan, Deborah, additional, Leitschuh, Joseph, additional, Gabo, Virginia, additional, Guillot, Florian, additional, Senf, Brian, additional, El Youssef, Joseph, additional, Steineck, Isabelle Isa Kristin, additional, Tyler, Nichole S., additional, and Castle, Jessica R., additional

Published
2020
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