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2. Stability of Conducting Polymer-Coated Carbon Microfibers for Long-Term Electrical Stimulation of Injured Neural Tissue.

Author

Vara, Hugo, Hernández-Labrado, Gabriel Raúl, Alves-Sampaio, Alexandra, and Collazos-Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
NEURAL stimulation, POLYMER degradation, ELECTRIC stimulation, NERVE tissue, MALEIC acid
Abstract

Electroactive microfiber-based scaffolds aid neural tissue repair. Carbon microfibers (CMFs) coated with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly[(4-styrenesulfonic acid)-co-(maleic acid)] (PEDOT:PSS-co-MA) provide efficient support and guidance to regrowing axons across spinal cord lesions in rodents and pigs. We investigated the electrical and structural performance of PEDOT:PSS-co-MA-coated carbon MFs (PCMFs) for long-term, biphasic electrical stimulation (ES). Chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) allowed the characterization of charge transfer in PCMFs during ES in vitro, and morphological changes were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PCMFs that were 4 mm long withstood two-million-biphasic pulses without reaching cytotoxic voltages, with a 6 mm length producing optimal results. Although EIS and SEM unveiled some polymer deterioration in the 6 mm PCMFs, no significant changes in voltage excursions appeared. For the preliminary testing of the electrical performance of PCMFs in vivo, we used 12 mm long, 20-microfiber assemblies interconnected by metallic microwires. PCMFs-assemblies were implanted in two spinal cord-injured pigs and submitted to ES for 10 days. A cobalt–alloy interconnected assembly showed safe voltages for about 1.5 million-pulses and was electrically functional at 1-month post-implantation, suggesting its suitability for sub-chronic ES, as likely required for spinal cord repair. However, improving polymer adhesion to the carbon substrate is still needed to use PCMFs for prolonged ES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. List of Contributors

Author

Almeida, Armando, primary, Assunção-Silva, Rita C., additional, Barata-Antunes, Sandra, additional, Bosch, Assumpcio, additional, Boulis, Nicholas M., additional, Braga, Alice, additional, Chen, Bing, additional, Chillon, Miguel, additional, Collazos-Castro, Jorge E., additional, Cortinhas, João, additional, Dai, Jianwu, additional, Delgado-Martínez, Ignacio, additional, del Valle, Jaume, additional, Esteves, Madalena, additional, Faraj, Razan, additional, Federici, Thais, additional, Fehlings, Michael G., additional, Fernandes, Aline M., additional, Gago, Miguel, additional, García-Alías, Guillermo, additional, Gendreau, Julian L., additional, Gomes, Eduardo D., additional, Greven, Alex, additional, Hachem, Laureen D., additional, Hamel, Regan, additional, Ichiyama, R.M., additional, Jendelová, Pavla, additional, Kárová, Kristýna, additional, Kekulová, Kristýna, additional, Kissane, R.W.P., additional, Kočí, Zuzana, additional, Kubinová, Šárka, additional, Leite-Almeida, Hugo, additional, Lelos, Mariah, additional, Liang, Zhijia, additional, Lima, Rui, additional, Lopes, Sara Monteiro, additional, Machado, Alvaro, additional, Marques, Cláudia R., additional, Monteiro, Susana, additional, Moreno, Pedro M.D., additional, Navarro, Xavier, additional, Onuwaje, Itse, additional, Pêgo, Ana P., additional, Pereira, Inês M., additional, Pereira de Almeida, Luís, additional, Peruzzotti-Jametti, Luca, additional, Phillips, James B., additional, Pluchino, Stefano, additional, Rocha, Sofia, additional, Romanyuk, Nataliya, additional, Rutigliani, Carola, additional, Salgado, António J., additional, Santos, Nadine Correia, additional, Silva, Nuno A., additional, Smith, Jayden A., additional, Svobodová, Barbora, additional, Teixeira, Fábio G., additional, Teixeira-Castro, Andreia, additional, Texakalidis, Pavlos, additional, Tora, Muhibullah S., additional, Urdzíková, Lucia Machova, additional, Xiao, Zhifeng, additional, Yu, Bryan, additional, and Zhao, Yannan, additional

Published
2020
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24. TAX TAKE: Reconciliation Becomes A Reality And Senate Finance Unveils Draft Legislative Text Of Its International Tax Overhaul

Author

Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
United States. Senate. Committee on Finance -- Powers and duties, Tax reform -- Laws, regulations and rules -- International aspects, Government regulation, Business, international
Abstract

With the House of Representative's narrow passage of the budget resolution the Senate had endorsed the week before, the prospect for passing significant tax provisions via the reconciliation process became [...]

Published
2021

25. TAX TAKE: Talking About A Resolution

Author

Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
United States. Congress -- Tax policy, Tax rates -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international
Abstract

There was significant progress in advancing the Democratic legislative agenda as the Senate passed (i) the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, by a bipartisan vote of 69-30 (the 'bipartisan infrastructure [...]

Published
2021

26. TAX TAKE: Failed Senate Cloture Vote On The Bipartisan Infrastructure Framework: What's The Rush?

Author

Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
Tax reform -- Evaluation -- Political aspects, Infrastructure (Economics) -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Political aspects, Government regulation, Business, international
Abstract

Last week, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer scheduled a highly anticipated cloture vote on the bipartisan infrastructure framework (BIF). We offer a few observations on the likelihood and pathway of [...]

Published
2021

27. TAX TAKE: The Rubber Has Met The Road: Senate Democrats Announce $3.5 Trillion Package

Author

Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
United States. Senate -- Economic policy, Infrastructure (Economics) -- Government finance -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international, Democratic Party (United States) -- Economic policy
Abstract

Last week Senate Democrats, led by Senate Majority Leader Charles Schumer (D-NY), announced an agreement on a $3.5 trillion package that includes President Biden's spending priorities, including 'social infrastructure' proposals [...]

Published
2021

28. TAX TAKE: OECD Is GILTI As Charged?

Author

Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
Tax policy -- International aspects, Income tax -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -- Tax policy
Abstract

Earlier this month, over 130 members of the OECD's Inclusive Framework (IF) signed on to the institution's two-Pillar framework to overhaul the international tax regime. This endorsement encompasses the new [...]

Published
2021

29. TAX TAKE: Bipartisan Infrastructure Agreement Kicks Off Tenuous And Uncertain Path To Passage

Author

Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
Expenditures, Public -- Laws, regulations and rules, Infrastructure (Economics) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international
Abstract

On June 24, 2021, President Biden reached agreement with a bipartisan group of Senators on the $1.2 trillion Bipartisan Infrastructure Framework (the Framework), which makes investments in transportation, clean water [...]

Published
2021

34. Key Senators Introduce Legislation Proposing Reforms To Donor-Advised Funds And Private Foundations

Author

Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
Legislators -- Powers and duties, Donor advised funds -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international
Abstract

On June 9, 2021, Senator Angus King (I-ME) and Senator Charles Grassley (R-IA) introduced the Accelerating Charitable Efforts (ACE) Act (S. 1981). The bipartisan legislation would impose several new restrictions [...]

Published
2021

35. TAX TAKE: The Greenbook: What Is Missing?

Author

Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
United States. Department of the Treasury -- Laws, regulations and rules, Tax policy -- Evaluation, Taxation -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international
Abstract

As policymakers and practitioners analyze the proposals contained in the recently released Treasury Department Greenbook, it is also worth noting what proposals were not included in this important document. A [...]

Published
2021

36. The Treasury Department Greenbook: Initial Observations

Author

Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
United States. Department of the Treasury -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Finance, Taxation -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Company financing, Business, international
Abstract

The Treasury Department released its long-awaited 'General Explanations of the Administration's Fiscal Year 2022 Revenue Proposals' (the so-called 'Greenbook'). This is the first Greenbook since the Obama Administration released one [...]

Published
2021

37. TAX TAKE: The Administration BEATs The SHIELD

Author

Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
Tax rates -- Laws, regulations and rules, Goods and services tax -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international
Abstract

The recent release of the Treasury Department's Greenbook saw the unveiling of significant detail regarding the Administration's Stopping Harmful Inversions and Ending Low-Tax Developments (SHIELD) proposal. Put forth as an [...]

Published
2021

38. TAX TAKE: Do Proposals To Improve Tax Enforcement Score?

Author

Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
Tax administration and procedure -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international
Abstract

Among the revenue offsets contained in the Made In America Tax Plan to fund infrastructure efforts is a proposal to invest in tax enforcement against corporations. The proposal would 'provide [...]

Published
2021

39. TAX TAKE: Do Proposals Improve Tax Enforcement Score?

Author

Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
Corporations -- Taxation, Taxpayer compliance -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international
Abstract

Among the revenue offsets contained in the Made In America Tax Plan to fund infrastructure efforts is a proposal to invest in tax enforcement against corporations. The proposal would 'provide [...]

Published
2021

40. Rickettsia felis as emergent global threat for humans

Author

Perez-Osorio, Carlos E., Zavala-Velazquez, Jorge E., Leon, Juan Jose Arias, and Zavala-Castro, Jorge E.

Subjects
Company distribution practices, Rickettsia -- Health aspects, Rickettsia -- Distribution, Rickettsia -- Influence, Rickettsial diseases -- Risk factors, Rickettsial diseases -- Diagnosis, Rickettsial diseases -- Control, Rickettsial diseases -- Research
Abstract

Rickettsia felis is an emergent pathogen belonging to transitional group rickettsiae. First described in 1990, R. felis infections have been reported to occur worldwide in fleas, mammals, and humans. Because [...]

Published
2008

43. Human rickettsialpox, Southeastern Mexico

Author

Zavala-Castro, Jorge E., Zavala-Velazquez, Jorge E., Peniche-Lara, Gaspar F., and Uicab, Justo E. Sulu

Subjects
Polymerase chain reaction -- Usage, Rickettsial diseases -- Causes of, Rickettsial diseases -- Diagnosis, Rickettsial diseases -- Care and treatment, Rickettsial diseases -- Research, Rickettsial diseases -- Genetic aspects, Genes -- Research
Abstract

Rickettsialpox is an illness characterized by fever, headache, papulovesicular rash over the trunk and extremities, and, in 80% of cases, appearance of an eschar. Rickettsia akari, the etiologic agent of [...]

Published
2009
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44. Murine typhus in child, Yucatan, Mexico

Author

Zavala-Castro, Jorge E., Zavala-Velazquez, Jorge E., and Uicab, Justo Eduardo Sulu

Subjects
Company distribution practices, Antibacterial agents -- Dosage and administration, Rickettsia -- Health aspects
Abstract

Murine typhus is a worldwide febrile illness caused by Rickettsia typhi, which is frequently associated with exposure to reservoir animals and their ectoparasites (1,2). Patients with murine typhus often have [...]

Published
2009

46. Fatal human infection with Rickettsia rickettsii, Yucatan, Mexico

Author

Zavala-Castro, Jorge E., Zavala-Velazquez, Jorge E., Walker, David H., Arcila, Edgar E. Ruiz, Laviada-Molina, Hugo, Olano, Juan P., Ruiz-Sosa, Jose A., Small, Melissa A., and Dzul-Rosado, Karla R.

Subjects
Rickettsial diseases -- Diagnosis, Rickettsial diseases -- Research, Rickettsial diseases -- Causes of, Rickettsial diseases -- Care and treatment
Abstract

The first fatal Rickettsia rickettsii infection was diagnosed in the southwest of Mexico. The patient had fever, erythematous rash, abdominal pain, and severe central nervous system involvement with convulsive crisis. [...]

Published
2006

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