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Supplemental material, suplem_method_Clinicopathologic_data_26-5-2020_CH for Characterization of Chilean patients with sporadic colorectal cancer according to the three main carcinogenic pathways: Microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype and Chromosomal instability by Ana María Wielandt, Claudia Hurtado, Mauricio Moreno C, Cynthia Villarroel, Magdalena Castro, Marlene Estay, Daniela Simian, Maripaz Martinez, Maria Teresa Vial, Udo Kronberg and Francisco López-Köstner in Tumor Biology

Supplemental material, TableS2_26-05-20 for Characterization of Chilean patients with sporadic colorectal cancer according to the three main carcinogenic pathways: Microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype and Chromosomal instability by Ana María Wielandt, Claudia Hurtado, Mauricio Moreno C, Cynthia Villarroel, Magdalena Castro, Marlene Estay, Daniela Simian, Maripaz Martinez, Maria Teresa Vial, Udo Kronberg and Francisco López-Köstner in Tumor Biology

En la tesis titulada El maltrato infantil en el comportamiento agresivo de los niños de educación inicial de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Cuipari del distrito Teniente César López Rojas provincia Alto Amazonas – Loreto, ¿Cómo afecta el maltrato infantil en el comportamiento agresivo de los niños de educación inicial de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Cuipari del Distrito Teniente César López Rojas, Provincia Alto Amazonas – Loreto?, Determinar cómo afecta el maltrato infantil en el comportamiento agresivo de los niños de educación inicial de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Cuipari del Distrito Teniente César López Rojas, Provincia Alto Amazonas – Loreto. El constante maltrato infantil afecta significativamente en el comportamiento agresivo de los niños de educación inicial de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Cuipari del Distrito Teniente César López Rojas, Provincia Alto Amazonas – Loreto, Variable Independiente: El maltrato infantil y Variable Dependiente: Comportamiento Agresivo. Fue una investigación cuantitativa, Fue de tipo Experimental – Cuasi experimental. Hay relación significativa entre los tipos de maltrato infantil y el comportamiento agresivo de los niños de educación inicial de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Cuipari del Distrito Teniente César López Rojas, Provincia Alto Amazonas – Loreto, porque el valor obtenido mediante el coeficiente r de Pearson (r = 0.747) se ubica en la región de rechazo y, por lo tanto, no se acepta la hipótesis nula y se acepta la hipótesis alternativa. Dar a conocer a la Institución educativa Cuipari del distrito Teniente César López Provincia del alto Amazonas Loreto el trabajo de investigación. El maltrato infantil en el comportamiento agresivo de los niños de educación inicial de 5 años, para su aplicación correspondiente. Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle Tesis

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 16 años de edad quien acude por presentar dolor hipogástrico intenso, tipo cólico, de inicio súbito. Al examen físico se detecta la presencia de una masa a este nivel. Los exámenes complementarios no ayudan mayormente. Al realizar la lapartomía exploratoria descubrimos unamasa con pedículo torcido la cual se implanta en el epliplon mayor. Posteriormente el resultado histopatológico resporta que dicha masa esta formada por tejido esplénico, llegando de esta forma a establecer nuestro diagnóstico de bazo accesorio.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an heterogeneous disease. Three carcinogenic pathways determine its molecular profile: microsatellite instability (MSI), chromosomal instability (CIN) and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Based on the new molecular classification, four consensus CRC molecular subtypes (CMS) are established, which are related to clinical, pathological and biological characteristics of the tumor. Aim: To classify Chilean patients with sporadic CRC according to the new consensus molecular subtypes of carcinogenic pathways. Material and Methods: Prospective analytical study of 53 patients with a mean age of 70 years (55% males) with CRC, operated at a private clinic, without neoadjuvant treatment. From normal and tumor tissue DNA of each patient, CIN, MSI and CIMP were analyzed. Combining these variables, tumors were classified as CMS1/MSI-immune, CMS2/canonical, CMS3/metabolic and CMS4/mesenchymal. Results: CMS1 tumors (19%) were located in the right colon, were in early stages, had MMR complex deficiencies and 67% had an activating mutation of the BRAF oncogene. CMS2 tumors (31%) were located in the left colon, had moderate differentiation, absence of vascular invasion, lymphatic and mucin. CMS3 tumors (29%) were also left-sided, with absence of vascular and lymphatic invasion, and 29% had an activating mutation of the KRAS oncogene. CMS4 tumors (21%) showed advanced stages and presence of metastases. Conclusions: This new molecular classification contributes to understanding the heterogeneity of tumors. It is possible to differentiate molecular subgroups of a single pathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, opening the door to personalized medicine.

Background: Approximately, 15% of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are diagnosed at 60 years of age or more. Aim: To characterize and compare clinical variables between patients with IBD aged 60 years or more and their younger counterparts. Material and Methods: Retrospective study based on a registry of IBD patients diagnosed between the years 1976 and 2014. Results: Four hundred and nine IBD patients were included. Among them, 294 had Ulcerative Colitis (UC), 104 had Crohn's Disease (CD) and eleven had an indeterminate IBD. Forty-six patients (11.2%) were older than 60 years and 16 (3.9%) had been diagnosed after this age. When comparing patients by age, those aged 60 years or more had a higher frequency of CD and indeterminate IBD (p < 0.01) and a lower ileocolic location in CD (p = 0.02). Both groups were similar in terms of hospitalization due to IBD flare, surgery, use of steroids, immunosuppressive or biological therapies and drug-related adverse events. When analyzing age at diagnosis of IBD, patients diagnosed at ages of 60 years or more had a lower frequency of UC (p < 0.01), a higher frequency of exclusive colonic involvement (p = 0.01), and lower use of mesalamine (p < 0.01). There were no differences in drug-related adverse events, hospitalizations due to IBD flares and surgery according to age at diagnosis. Conclusions: In this population, clinical features of IBD in older patients were similar to those in younger patients.

Background: The molecular testing of KRAS mutation status in metastatic colorectal cancer patients is mandatory to identify patients eligible for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody therapy. Aim: To report the frequency of KRAS gene mutations in Chilean patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Material and Methods: A cohort of 262 Chilean patients with CRC aged 26 to 90 years (53% males), was studied. KRAS mutation status was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and correlated with clinicopathological data. Results: Ninety-eight patients (37%) were positive for KRAS mutations. G12D was the most common mutation with a frequency of 36.7%, followed by G12V (25.5%), G13D (17.3%), G12A (7.1%), G12C (6.1%), G12S (5.1%) and G12R (2%). The frequency of the mutation in left, right colon and rectal tumors was 37.8, 32.6 and 44.9%, respectively. Among tumors with mutations, 86.7% were well or moderately differentiated tumors and the rest were poorly differentiated. No significant associations between KRAS gene mutations and other clinicopathological features of the tumor were observed. Conclusions: The frequencies of KRAS mutations reported in this study are similar to frequencies reported for European and North-American populations, lower than in a Spanish study and higher than in a Peruvian study.

Chlamydia trachomatis y Neisseria gonorrhoeae son causantes de 3 a 10% de las infecciones de transmisión sexual en adolescentes. Las normas internacionales recomiendan su detección anual en mujeres sexualmente activas menores de 26 años. La adherencia a este tamizaje en mujeres jóvenes está limitada por el temor al examen ginecológico y alto costo del examen. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de detección de C. trachomatis y N. gonorrhoeae por un método de auto-toma de muestra vaginal y su aceptabilidad en un grupo de adolescentes y jóvenes adultas. Pacientes y Método: Se incluyeron mujeres de 18 a 25 años atendidas en Clínica Las Condes y el Servicio de Salud Estudiantil de la Universidad de Chile, que fueron instruidas para autotoma de muestra vaginal. Luego de dar su consentimiento, las muestras fueron estudiadas mediante reacción de polimerasa en cadena para la detección de C. trachomatis y N. gonorrhoeae. Se recopilaron datos sobre conductas sexuales y percepción de la autotoma mediante encuesta. Se determinó la relación entre estos factores y la aceptabilidad del método. Resultados: Se reclutaron 344 mujeres, con una edad promedio de 21,7 años. La detección de C. trachomatis fue de 7,9% y no se encontró muestra positiva para N. gonorrhoeae. El reporte de flujo vaginal por la paciente se asoció a 1,5 veces mayor riesgo de C. trachomatis. El 98% consideró las instrucciones de la autotoma fáciles de entender, 87,5% se sintió cómoda al tomar la muestra. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de C. trachomatis en la población estudiada fue similar a lo descrito en otras series nacionales e internacionales; no se encontró N. gonorrhoeae en esta serie, lo que coincide con lo reportado en el extranjero. La técnica de autotoma de muestra vaginal fue bien aceptada por las pacientes; sin embargo, manifestaron ansiedad acerca de la seguridad de una toma adecuada. De acuerdo a nuestros resultados, es importante insistir en la detección anual de estos patógenos siendo la técnica de autotoma una alternativa válida. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are responsible for 3-10% of sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents. 75% are asymptomatic. International standards recommend annual screening for C. trachomatis in sexually active women under 26 years. Self-collected vaginal swab is one of the less invasive screening methods, it is well accepted by patients and rarely used in our country. Aim: To determine the frequency of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae by a self-sampling method of vaginal swab and its acceptability in a group of adolescents and young adults. Patients and Methods: Women 18 to 25 years old. Vaginal samples were processed by nucleic acid amplification tests, Gen Probe APTIMA Combo2. Data were collected on sexual behavior and perception of self-sampling by survey. Results: We studied 344 patients with an average age of 21.7 years. Detection of C. trachomatis was positive in 7.9% women and it was not found in any of the patients studied for N. gonorrhoeae. 98% considered self-sampling instructions easy to understand, 87.5% felt comfortable taking the sample. Conclusions: Prevalence of C. trachomatis in the study population was similar to that described in other national and international studies. N. gonorrhoeae was not found in this series, which is consistent with literature reports. The self-sampling technique of vaginal sample was well accepted by the patients. However, they were anxious about the quality of the sample. According to our results, it is important to emphasize the importance of annual detection of these pathogens and that self-sampling technique is a valid alternative.