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2. The computational and energy cost of simulation and storage for climate science : lessons from CMIP6

Author

Acosta, Mario C., Palomas, Sergi, Ticco, Stella V. Paronuzzi, Utrera, Gladys, Biercamp, Joachim, Bretonniere, Pierre-Antoine, Budich, Reinhard, Castrillo, Miguel, Caubel, Arnaud, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, Epicoco, Italo, Fladrich, Uwe, Joussaume, Sylvie, Gupta, Alok Kumar, Lawrence, Bryan, Le Sager, Philippe, Lister, Grenville, Moine, Marie-Pierre, Rioual, Jean-Christophe, Valcke, Sophie, Zadeh, Niki, Balaji, Venkatramani, Acosta, Mario C., Palomas, Sergi, Ticco, Stella V. Paronuzzi, Utrera, Gladys, Biercamp, Joachim, Bretonniere, Pierre-Antoine, Budich, Reinhard, Castrillo, Miguel, Caubel, Arnaud, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, Epicoco, Italo, Fladrich, Uwe, Joussaume, Sylvie, Gupta, Alok Kumar, Lawrence, Bryan, Le Sager, Philippe, Lister, Grenville, Moine, Marie-Pierre, Rioual, Jean-Christophe, Valcke, Sophie, Zadeh, Niki, and Balaji, Venkatramani

Published
2024
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3. The computational and energy cost of simulation and storage for climate science: lessons from CMIP6

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. PM - Programming Models, Acosta Cobos, Mario César, Palomas Martínez, Sergi, Paronuzzi Ticco, Stella Valentina, Utrera Iglesias, Gladys Miriam, Biercamp, Joachim, Bretonnière, Pierre-Antoine, Budich, Reinhard, Castrillo Melguizo, Miguel, Caubel, Arnaud, Doblas Reyes, Francisco, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. PM - Programming Models, Acosta Cobos, Mario César, Palomas Martínez, Sergi, Paronuzzi Ticco, Stella Valentina, Utrera Iglesias, Gladys Miriam, Biercamp, Joachim, Bretonnière, Pierre-Antoine, Budich, Reinhard, Castrillo Melguizo, Miguel, Caubel, Arnaud, and Doblas Reyes, Francisco

Abstract

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is one of the biggest international efforts aimed at better understanding the past, present, and future of climate changes in a multi-model context. A total of 21 model intercomparison projects (MIPs) were endorsed in its sixth phase (CMIP6), which included 190 different experiments that were used to simulate 40 000 years and produced around 40 PB of data in total. This paper presents the main findings obtained from the CPMIP (the Computational Performance Model Intercomparison Project), a collection of a common set of metrics, specifically designed for assessing climate model performance. These metrics were exclusively collected from the production runs of experiments used in CMIP6 and primarily from institutions within the IS-ENES3 consortium. The document presents the full set of CPMIP metrics per institution and experiment, including a detailed analysis and discussion of each of the measurements. During the analysis, we found a positive correlation between the core hours needed, the complexity of the models, and the resolution used. Likewise, we show that between 5 %–15 % of the execution cost is spent in the coupling between independent components, and it only gets worse by increasing the number of resources. From the data, it is clear that queue times have a great impact on the actual speed achieved and have a huge variability across different institutions, ranging from none to up to 78 % execution overhead. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that the estimated carbon footprint of running such big simulations within the IS-ENES3 consortium is 1692 t of CO2 equivalent. As a result of the collection, we contribute to the creation of a comprehensive database for future community reference, establishing a benchmark for evaluation and facilitating the multi-model, multi-platform comparisons crucial for understanding climate modelling performance. Given the diverse range of applications, configurations, and hardware ut, This research has been supported by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (grant nos. PID2020116324RA-I00 (OEMES) and H2020-GA-824084 (ISENES))., Peer Reviewed, Article signat per 22 autors/es: Mario C. Acosta 1, Sergi Palomas 1, Stella V. Paronuzzi Ticco 1, Gladys Utrera 1, Joachim Biercamp 2, Pierre-Antoine Bretonniere 1, Reinhard Budich 3, Miguel Castrillo 1, Arnaud Caubel 4, Francisco Doblas-Reyes 1,14, Italo Epicoco 5, Uwe Fladrich 6, Sylvie Joussaume 4, Alok Kumar Gupta 7, Bryan Lawrence 8, Philippe Le Sager 9, Grenville Lister 8, Marie-Pierre Moine 10, Jean-Christophe Rioual 11, Sophie Valcke 10, Niki Zadeh 12, and Venkatramani Balaji 13 / 1- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Plaça d’Eusebi Güell, 1–3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; 2- German Climate Computing Centre, Bundesstraße 45a, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; 3- Max Planck Institute, Hofgartenstr. 8, 80539 Munich, Germany; 4- Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, 11 Bd d’Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France; 5- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Via della Libertà, 12, 30121 Venice, Italy; 6- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, 601 76 Norrköping, Sweden; 7- Norwegian Research Centre, Nygårdsgaten 112, 5008 Bergen, Norway; 8- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Fairbairn House, 71–75 Clarendon Rd, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9PH, United Kingdom; 9- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, Utrechtseweg 297, 3731 GA De Bilt, the Netherlands; 10- European Center for Advanced Research and Training in Scientific Computing, 42 Av. Gaspard Coriolis, 31100 Toulouse, France; 11- Meteorological Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; 12- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1401 Constitution Avenue NW, Room 5128, Washington, DC 20230, USA; 13- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Room 129, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, USA; 14- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain, Postprint (published version)

Published
2024

4. Leveraging RALI‐THINICE Observations to Assess How the ICOLMDZ Model Simulates Clouds Embedded in Arctic Cyclones.

Author

Raillard, Lea, Vignon, Étienne, Rivière, Gwendal, Madeleine, Jean‐Baptiste, Meurdesoif, Yann, Delanoë, Julien, Caubel, Arnaud, Jourdan, Olivier, Baudoux, Antoine, Fromang, Sébastien, and Conesa, Philippe

Subjects
CLIMATE change models, LIQUID crystals, ICE crystals, ATMOSPHERIC models, RADAR in aeronautics, ICE clouds, SEA ice
Abstract

Despite their essential role in the high‐latitude climate, the representation of mixed‐phase clouds is still a challenge for Global Climate Models (GCMs)'s cloud schemes. In this study we propose a methodology for robustly assessing Arctic mixed‐phase cloud properties in a climate model using airborne measurements. We leverage data collected during the RALI‐THINICE airborne campaign that took place near Svalbard in August 2022 to evaluate the simulation of mid‐level clouds associated with Arctic cyclones. Simulations are carried out with the new limited‐area configuration of the ICOLMDZ model which combines the recent icosahedral dynamical core DYNAMICO and the physics of LMDZ, the atmospheric component of the IPSL‐CM Earth System Model. Airborne radar and microphysical probes measurements are then used to evaluate the simulated clouds. A comparison method has been set‐up to guarantee as much as possible the spatiotemporal co‐location between observed and simulated cloud fields. We mostly focus on the representation of ice and liquid in‐cloud contents and on their vertical distribution. Results show that the model overestimates the amount of cloud condensates and exhibits a poor cloud phase spatial distribution, with too much liquid water far from cloud top and too much ice close to it. The downward gradual increase in snowfall flux is also not captured by the model. This in‐depth model evaluation thereby pinpoints priorities for further improvements in the ICOLMDZ cloud scheme. Plain Language Summary: Mixed‐phase clouds, where ice crystals and supercooled liquid droplets coexist at sub‐zero temperatures, are ubiquitous in the polar regions. Albeit essential for the high‐latitude climate, they are still poorly represented by climate models. In this study, original measurements from the RALI‐THINICE airborne campaign, which took place in the Svalbard region in August 2022, are used to assess how the ICOLMDZ atmospheric model represents Arctic mixed phase clouds. A methodology is developed to make robust and co‐located model‐aircraft observation comparisons. In situ cloud probes and onboard radars are then used to evaluate the simulated amounts of liquid water and ice in clouds as well as the snowfall flux in deep clouds associated with the transit of Arctic cyclones. The results of the model evaluation show an overall overestimation of cloud condensates with too much liquid water far from cloud top and too much ice close to it. Key Points: Airborne RALI‐THINICE observations are used to evaluate Arctic clouds in the new limited area version of the ICOLMDZ modelA methodology has been developed to make robust and co‐located model‐observation comparisonsICOLMDZ simulates overly high amounts of liquid and ice in clouds particularly near cloud top [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. The computational and energy cost of simulation and storage for climate science: lessons from CMIP6.

Author

Acosta, Mario C., Palomas, Sergi, Paronuzzi Ticco, Stella V., Utrera, Gladys, Biercamp, Joachim, Bretonniere, Pierre-Antoine, Budich, Reinhard, Castrillo, Miguel, Caubel, Arnaud, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, Epicoco, Italo, Fladrich, Uwe, Joussaume, Sylvie, Kumar Gupta, Alok, Lawrence, Bryan, Le Sager, Philippe, Lister, Grenville, Moine, Marie-Pierre, Rioual, Jean-Christophe, and Valcke, Sophie

Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY, ENERGY industries, ATMOSPHERIC models, INTERNATIONAL relations, ECOLOGICAL impact, CLIMATE change
Abstract

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is one of the biggest international efforts aimed at better understanding the past, present, and future of climate changes in a multi-model context. A total of 21 model intercomparison projects (MIPs) were endorsed in its sixth phase (CMIP6), which included 190 different experiments that were used to simulate 40 000 years and produced around 40 PB of data in total. This paper presents the main findings obtained from the CPMIP (the Computational Performance Model Intercomparison Project), a collection of a common set of metrics, specifically designed for assessing climate model performance. These metrics were exclusively collected from the production runs of experiments used in CMIP6 and primarily from institutions within the IS-ENES3 consortium. The document presents the full set of CPMIP metrics per institution and experiment, including a detailed analysis and discussion of each of the measurements. During the analysis, we found a positive correlation between the core hours needed, the complexity of the models, and the resolution used. Likewise, we show that between 5 %–15 % of the execution cost is spent in the coupling between independent components, and it only gets worse by increasing the number of resources. From the data, it is clear that queue times have a great impact on the actual speed achieved and have a huge variability across different institutions, ranging from none to up to 78 % execution overhead. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that the estimated carbon footprint of running such big simulations within the IS-ENES3 consortium is 1692 t of CO 2 equivalent. As a result of the collection, we contribute to the creation of a comprehensive database for future community reference, establishing a benchmark for evaluation and facilitating the multi-model, multi-platform comparisons crucial for understanding climate modelling performance. Given the diverse range of applications, configurations, and hardware utilised, further work is required for the standardisation and formulation of general rules. The paper concludes with recommendations for future exercises aimed at addressing the encountered challenges which will facilitate more collections of a similar nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Scalability on pre-exascale EuroHPC systems - Deliverable D1.3

Author

Dueben, Peter, Duras, Julia, Hatfield, Samuel, Bricaud, Clement, Caubel, Arnaud, Meurdesoif, Yann, Ly, Mouhamadou, Fladrich, Uwe, Castrillo, Miguel, and Budich, Reinhard

Subjects
ESiWACE2, Centre of Excellence in Simulation of Weather and Climate in Europe Phase 2, ESiWACE
Abstract

The central objectives of Work Package 1 of ESiWACE2 is to develop and run coupled model simulations at a resolution as high as possible and with a throughput rate of at least one simulated year per day (1 SYPD) producing full model output. This throughput would be sufficient to use these simulations for operational weather predictions and potentially also to run the models for a couple of decades, to address scientific questions that are related to climate change. Four model configurations are considered: EC-Earth with OpenIFS coupled to NEMO, the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) coupled to NEMO, the ICON model with both atmosphere and ocean, the DYNAMICO model coupled to NEMO, covering both weather and climate configurations as well as well-established models and models that are currently under development. Furthermore, ocean-only simulations with the NEMO models are also pushed to very high spatial resolution (1/36 ◦ ; ∼3 km). According to the initial plan, the main aim of this deliverable was to perform scalability tests on the pre-exascale EuroHPC systems. However, this was impossible as these machines are only just becoming available. The deliverable is therefore focusing on the ongoing work to make the models more efficient and to enable the porting of the codes to heterogeneous hardware. As the European pre-exascale machines were not available, some tests of the models on other European HPC systems and some of the world’s fastest supercomputers (Summit and Fugaku) are also documented. Furthermore, the work on the treatment of output from ensemble simulations using XIOS that was moved from Deliverable D1.1 is also documented here, showing the successful use of XIOS to generate ensemble model output straight from ensemble simulations., ESiWACE2 stands for Centre of Excellence in Simulation of Weather and Climate in Europe Phase 2. ESiWACE2 is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (H2020-INFRAEDI-2018-1 call) under grant agreement 823988.

Published
2023
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8. Using XIOS to manage ensemble simulations with the IPSL-ESM model

Author

Caubel, Arnaud and Meurdesoif, Yann

Abstract

Ensemble simulations are used to better estimate the uncertainty of climate model results. The production of ensemble simulations with current IPSL model requires to run independently as many simulations as there are members in the ensemble, producing a very large number of inodes as a consequence of writing files for each member. In 2022, we have developed a functionality that allows several simulations to be carried out simultaneously, all simulation writing its results in a common single file. This new functionality has required developments in IPSL's XIOS IO server (in its version 2) in order to handle an additional "ensemble" dimension in the result file, as well as in OASIS coupler to provide MPI inter-communicators for all of the coupled members. The IPSL libIGCM runtime environment library was also adapted to manage efficiently the use of different types of files (forcing, parameters, restart, results) by several members within the same computing job. This job allows now "by itself" to simultaneously perform simulations of several members of an ensemble. The number of files resulting from these ensemble simulations matches (without any post-processing step) with criteria required by computing centers filesystems. Finally, the results of all the members of an ensemble are available in a single file, thus facilitating statistical processing and scientific analysis. This development is used in several IPSL scientific applications : the reconstruction of paleoclimate and historical periods by data assimilation methods and the simulation of extreme events (heat waves) in Western Europe.

Published
2023
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10. The computational and energy cost of simulation and storage for climate science: lessons from CMIP6.

Author

Acosta, Mario C., Palomas, Sergi, Paronuzzi, Stella, Andre, Jean-Claude, Biercamp, Joachim, Bretonniere, Pierre-Antoine, Budich, Reinhard, Castrillo, Miguel, Caubel, Arnaud, Doblas-Reyes, Francisco, Epicoco, Italo, Fladrich, Uwe, Gupta, Alok Kumar, Lawrence, Bryan, Le Sager, Philippe, Lister, Grenville, Moine, Marie-Pierre, Rioual, Jean-Christophe, Sylvie, Joussame, and Valcke, Sophie

Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY, ENERGY industries, INTERNATIONAL relations, STORAGE, CLIMATE change
Abstract

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is one of the biggest international efforts to better understand past, present and future climate changes in a multi-model context. A total of 21 Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) were endorsed in its 6th phase (CMIP6), which included 190 different experiments that were used to simulate 40000 years and produced around 40 PB of data in total. This paper shows the main results obtained from the collection of performance metrics done for CMIP6 (CPMIP). The document provides the list of partners involved, the CPMIP metrics per institution/model, and the approach used for the collection and the coordination behind this process. Furthermore, a section has been included to analyze the results and prove the usefulness of the metrics for the community. Moreover, we describe the main difficulties faced during the collection and propose recommendations for future exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. Presentation and Evaluation of the IPSL-CM6A-LR Climate Model

Author

Boucher, Olivier, Servonnat, Jérôme, Albright, Anna Lea, Aumont, Olivier, Balkanski, Yves, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Bekki, Slimane, Bonnet, Rémy, Bony, Sandrine, Bopp, Laurent, Braconnot, Pascale, Brockmann, Patrick, Cadule, Patricia, Caubel, Arnaud, Cheruy, Frédérique, Codron, Francis, Cozic, Anne, Cugnet, David, d'Andrea, Fabio, Davini, Paolo, de Lavergne, Casimir, Denvil, Sébastien, Deshayes, Julie, Devilliers, Marion, Ducharne, Agnès, Dufresne, Jean-Louis, Dupont, Eliott, Éthé, Christian, Fairhead, Laurent, Falletti, Lola, Flavoni, Simona, Foujols, Marie-Alice, Gardoll, Sébastien, Gastineau, Guillaume, Ghattas, Josefine, Grandpeix, Jean-Yves, Guenet, Bertrand, Guez, Lionel, Guilyardi, Éric, Guimberteau, Matthieu, Hauglustaine, Didier, Hourdin, Frédéric, Idelkadi, Abderrahmane, Joussaume, Sylvie, Kageyama, Masa, Khodri, Myriam, Krinner, Gerhard, Lebas, Nicolas, Levavasseur, Guillaume, Lévy, Claire, Li, Laurent, Lott, François, Lurton, Thibaut, Luyssaert, Sebastiaan, Madec, Gurvan, Madeleine, Jean-Baptiste, Maignan, Fabienne, Marchand, Marion, Marti, Olivier, Mellul, Lidia, Meurdesoif, Yann, Mignot, Juliette, Musat, Ionela, Ottle, Catherine, Peylin, Philippe, Planton, Yann, Polcher, Jan, Rio, Catherine, Rochetin, Nicolas, rousset, clement, Rousset, Clément, Sepulchre, Pierre, Sima, Adriana, Swingedouw, Didier, Thiéblemont, Rémi, Traore, Abdoul Khadre, Vancoppenolle, Martin, Vial, Jessica, Vialard, Jérôme, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Calcul Scientifique (CALCULS), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e Del Clima [Torino] (isac), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-17-EURE-0006,IPSL-CGS,IPSL Climate graduate school(2017), ANR-15-JCLI-0004,GOTHAM,Globally Observed Teleconnections and their role and representation in Hierarchies of Atmospheric Models(2015), ANR-18-CE01-0012,ARiSE,Rôle de la non-linéarité de la réponse atmosphérique à la température de l'océan dans la physique d'ENSO (El Niño Oscillation Australe)(2018), ANR-13-MONU-0008,CONVERGENCE,Convergence en Science du Climat à l'ère du Big Data et des challenges de l'Exascale.(2013), ANR-18-MPGA-0001,ARCHANGE,Changement climatique et Arctique et circulation océanique globale(2018), European Project: 641816,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,CRESCENDO(2015), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Sorbonne Université (SU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo France, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Systems Ecology

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, climate model, IPSL‐CM6A‐LR, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, lcsh:Oceanography, climate metrics, Range (statistics), SDG 13 - Climate Action, Environmental Chemistry, lcsh:GC1-1581, Precipitation, lcsh:Physical geography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CMIP6, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Coupled model intercomparison project, Intertropical Convergence Zone, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Middle latitudes, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Climate sensitivity, climate sensitivity, Climate model, lcsh:GB3-5030, IPSL-CM6A-LR
Abstract

International audience This study presents the global climate model IPSL-CM6A-LR developed at Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) to study natural climate variability and climate response to natural and anthropogenic forcings as part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). This article describes the different model components, their coupling, and the simulated climate in comparison to previous model versions. We focus here on the representation of the physical climate along with the main characteristics of the global carbon cycle. The model's climatology, as assessed from a range of metrics (related in particular to radiation, temperature, precipitation, and wind), is strongly improved in comparison to previous model versions. Although they are reduced, a number of known biases and shortcomings (e.g., double Intertropical Convergence Zone [ITCZ], frequency of midlatitude wintertime blockings, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation [ENSO] dynamics) persist. The equilibrium climate sensitivity and transient climate response have both increased from the previous climate model IPSL-CM5A-LR used in CMIP5. A large ensemble of more than 30 members for the historical period (1850–2018) and a smaller ensemble for a range of emissions scenarios (until 2100 and 2300) are also presented and discussed.

Published
2020
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12. Production-mode simulation with NEMO, ICON-ESM, ECMWF, EC-Earth, IPSL model - Milestone MS2

Author

Dueben, Peter, Serradell, Kim, Castrillo, Miguel, Valcke, Sophie, Caubel, Arnaud, Meurdesoif, Yann, Duras, Julia, Frauen, Claudia, Ziemen, Florian, Adamidis, Panos, Hatfield, Sam, Budich, Reinhard, Klocke, Daniel, Bricaud, Clément, and Fladrich, Uwe

Subjects
weather, hpc, ESiWACE2, ESiWACE, climate
Abstract

We have documented the current progress during the implementation of the production mode simulations on supercomputers of the consortium in deliverable D1.1 (https://zenodo.org/record/5795991) which is submitted together with this Milestone document. The model development teams are making good progress when preparing the model configurations for the pre-exacscale EuroHPC systems. We now hope to be able to get access to those machines soon, to make the final scalability tests in 2022.

Published
2021
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15. The Tuning Strategy of IPSL‐CM6A‐LR

Author

Mignot, Juliette, primary, Hourdin, Frédéric, additional, Deshayes, Julie, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Gastineau, Guillaume, additional, Musat, Ionela, additional, Vancoppenolle, Martin, additional, Servonnat, Jérôme, additional, Caubel, Arnaud, additional, Chéruy, Frédérique, additional, Denvil, Sébastien, additional, Dufresne, Jean‐Louis, additional, Ethé, Christian, additional, Fairhead, Laurent, additional, Foujols, Marie‐Alice, additional, Grandpeix, Jean‐Yves, additional, Levavasseur, Guillaume, additional, Marti, Olivier, additional, Menary, Matthew, additional, Rio, Catherine, additional, Rousset, Clément, additional, and Silvy, Yona, additional

Published
2021
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16. IPSL-CM5A2 – an Earth system model designed for multi-millennial climate simulations

Author

Sepulchre, Pierre, primary, Caubel, Arnaud, additional, Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Braconnot, Pascale, additional, Brockmann, Patrick, additional, Cozic, Anne, additional, Donnadieu, Yannick, additional, Dufresne, Jean-Louis, additional, Estella-Perez, Victor, additional, Ethé, Christian, additional, Fluteau, Frédéric, additional, Foujols, Marie-Alice, additional, Gastineau, Guillaume, additional, Ghattas, Josefine, additional, Hauglustaine, Didier, additional, Hourdin, Frédéric, additional, Kageyama, Masa, additional, Khodri, Myriam, additional, Marti, Olivier, additional, Meurdesoif, Yann, additional, Mignot, Juliette, additional, Sarr, Anta-Clarisse, additional, Servonnat, Jérôme, additional, Swingedouw, Didier, additional, Szopa, Sophie, additional, and Tardif, Delphine, additional

Published
2020
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17. LMDZ6A: The Atmospheric Component of the IPSL Climate Model With Improved and Better Tuned Physics

Author

Hourdin, Frédéric, primary, Rio, Catherine, additional, Grandpeix, Jean‐Yves, additional, Madeleine, Jean‐Baptiste, additional, Cheruy, Frédérique, additional, Rochetin, Nicolas, additional, Jam, Arnaud, additional, Musat, Ionela, additional, Idelkadi, Abderrahmane, additional, Fairhead, Laurent, additional, Foujols, Marie‐Alice, additional, Mellul, Lidia, additional, Traore, Abdoul‐Khadre, additional, Dufresne, Jean‐Louis, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Lefebvre, Marie‐Pierre, additional, Millour, Ehouarn, additional, Vignon, Etienne, additional, Jouhaud, Jean, additional, Diallo, F. Bint, additional, Lott, François, additional, Gastineau, Guillaume, additional, Caubel, Arnaud, additional, Meurdesoif, Yann, additional, and Ghattas, Josefine, additional

Published
2020
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18. IPSL-CM5A2. An Earth System Model designed for multi-millennial climate simulations

Author

Sepulchre, Pierre, primary, Caubel, Arnaud, additional, Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Braconnot, Pascale, additional, Brockmann, Patrick, additional, Cozic, Anne, additional, Donnadieu, Yannick, additional, Estella-Perez, Victor, additional, Ethé, Christian, additional, Fluteau, Frédéric, additional, Foujols, Marie-Alice, additional, Gastineau, Guillaume, additional, Ghattas, Josefine, additional, Hauglustaine, Didier, additional, Hourdin, Frédéric, additional, Kageyama, Masa, additional, Khodri, Myriam, additional, Marti, Olivier, additional, Meurdesoif, Yann, additional, Mignot, Juliette, additional, Sarr, Anta-Clarisse, additional, Servonnat, Jérôme, additional, Swingedouw, Didier, additional, Szopa, Sophie, additional, and Tardif, Delphine, additional

Published
2019
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19. Dossier technique IPSL : Demande d’allocation de temps de calcul pour DARI A5

Author

Foujols, Marie‐Alice, Caubel, Arnaud, Denvil, Sébastien, Boucher, Olivier, Cozic, Anne, Ethé, C., Ghattas, Josephine, Marti, Olivier, Meurdesoif, Yann, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Calcul Scientifique (CALCULS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), IPSL, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Published
2018

20. CPMIP : measurements of real computational performance of Earth system models in CMIP6

Author

Balaji, Venkatramani, Maisonnave, Eric, Zadeh, Niki, Lawrence, Bryan N., Biercamp, Joachim, Fladrich, Uwe, Aloisio, Giovanni, Benson, Rusty, Caubel, Arnaud, Durachta, Jeffrey, Foujols, Marie-Alice, Lister, Grenville, Mocavero, Silvia, Underwood, Seth, Wright, Garrett, Balaji, Venkatramani, Maisonnave, Eric, Zadeh, Niki, Lawrence, Bryan N., Biercamp, Joachim, Fladrich, Uwe, Aloisio, Giovanni, Benson, Rusty, Caubel, Arnaud, Durachta, Jeffrey, Foujols, Marie-Alice, Lister, Grenville, Mocavero, Silvia, Underwood, Seth, and Wright, Garrett

Published
2017
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21. Dimensionnement de la chaîne de calcul IPSL en mode recherche et en mode production CMIP

Author

Foujols, Marie‐alice, Caubel, Arnaud, Denvil, Sébastien, Dufresne, Jean-Louis, Cozic, Anne, Ethé, C., Ghattas, Josephine, Marti, Olivier, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Calcul Scientifique (CALCULS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), IPSL, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Published
2015

22. CPMIP: measurements of real computational performance of Earth system models in CMIP6

Author

Balaji, Venkatramani, primary, Maisonnave, Eric, additional, Zadeh, Niki, additional, Lawrence, Bryan N., additional, Biercamp, Joachim, additional, Fladrich, Uwe, additional, Aloisio, Giovanni, additional, Benson, Rusty, additional, Caubel, Arnaud, additional, Durachta, Jeffrey, additional, Foujols, Marie-Alice, additional, Lister, Grenville, additional, Mocavero, Silvia, additional, Underwood, Seth, additional, and Wright, Garrett, additional

Published
2017
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23. Audit de la chaîne de calcul de l’IPSL sur les centres de calcul du TGCC et de l’IDRIS

Author

Pierre, G., Caubel, Arnaud, Denvil, Sébastien, Foujols, Marie‐alice, Marti, Olivier, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Calcul Scientifique (CALCULS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), IPSL, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Published
2013

24. Recent and futur climate change as simulated by the CNRM and IPSL models

Author

Dufresne, Jean-Louis, Salas Y Mélia, David, Denvil, Sébastien, Tyteca, Sophie, Arzel, Olivier, Bony, Sandrine, Braconnot, Pascale, Brockmann, Patrick, Cadule, Patricia, Caubel, Arnaud, Chauvin, Fabrice, Déqué, Michel, Douville, Hervé, Fairhead, Laurent, Fichefet, Thierry, Foujols, Marie-Alice, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Guérémy, Jean-François, Hourdin, Frédéric, Idelkadi, Abderrahmane, Lévy, Claire, Madec, Gurvan, Marquet, Pascal, Marti, Olivier, Musat, Ionela, Planton, Serge, Royer, Jean-François, Swingedouw, Didier, Voldoire, Aurore, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître (UCL-ASTR), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract

National audience; In support of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that should appear in early 2007, modelling groups world-wide have performed a huge coordinated exercise of climate change runs for the 20th and 21st century. In this paper we present the results of the two french climate models, from CNRM and IPSL. In particular we emphasise the progress made since the previous IPCC report and we identify which results are comparable among models and which strongly differ.; Dans le cadre de la préparation du 4e rapport du Groupe Intergouvernemental sur l'Evolution du Climat (GIEC) qui doit paraître début 2007, les principales équipes de modélisation du climat de part le monde ont réalisé un important exercice coordonné de simulation de l'évolution du climat au cours du 20e et du 21e siècle. Nous présentons ici les résultats obtenus par les modèles du CNRM et de l'IPSL, en évoquant les progrès réalisés depuis le précédent rapport du GIEC. Nous replacerons également nos résultats par rapport à ceux des autres modèles, et indiquerons les résultats qui sont communs à l'ensemble des modèles et ceux qui peuvent être différents.

Published
2006
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25. The new IPSL climate system model: IPSL-CM4

Author

Marti, Olivier, Braconnot, Pascale, Bellier, Jacques, Benshila, Rachid, Bony, Sandrine, Brockmann, Patrick, Cadule, Patricia, Caubel, Arnaud, Denvil, Sébastien, Dufresne, Jean-Louis, Fairhead, Laurent, Filiberti, Marie-Angèle, Foujols, Marie-Alice, Fichefet, Thierry, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Gosse, H., Grandpeix, Jean-Yves, Hourdin, Frédéric, Krinner, Gerhard, Lévy, Claire, Madec, Gurvan, Musat, I., de Noblet, Nathalie, Polcher, Jan, Talandier, Claude, Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Calcul Scientifique (CALCULS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), IPSL, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Aptel, Florence

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

The estimate of future climate change and of its impact on the environment requires to increase our knowledge of the complex interactions between the atmosphere, the ocean, sea-ice, land surfaces and glaciers. These components are coupled through the cycles of energy and water, but also through biogeochemical cycles such as the carbon or the ozone cycles. One of the goals of the IPSL modeling community is to study how these different couplings can modulate climate and climate variability, and to determine how feedbacks in the Earth system control the response of climate to a perturbation such as the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. For this purpose, the Earth system model of the IPSL is developed as a modular suite of model components of the Earth system that can be use either as stand alone models or coupled to each other. This note presents the new features and results of the last version of the global IPSL coupled model that will be used to run the set of simulations planned for the next IPCC assessment. In particular, chapter 2 presents the model components of the coupled system, highlighting important features for the coupling or the quality of model simulations. Chapter 3 synthesise all the coupling procedures and the coupling environment, and chapter 4 discussed the major characteristics of the model climatology.

Published
2006

26. Mid-Holocene and last glacial maximum climate simulations with the IPSL model: part II: model-data comparisons

Author

Kageyama, Masa, primary, Braconnot, Pascale, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Mariotti, Véronique, additional, Roy, Tilla, additional, Woillez, Marie-Noëlle, additional, Caubel, Arnaud, additional, Foujols, Marie-Alice, additional, Guilyardi, Eric, additional, Khodri, Myriam, additional, Lloyd, James, additional, Lombard, Fabien, additional, and Marti, Olivier, additional

Published
2012
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27. Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum climate simulations with the IPSL model—part I: comparing IPSL_CM5A to IPSL_CM4

Author

Kageyama, Masa, primary, Braconnot, Pascale, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Caubel, Arnaud, additional, Foujols, Marie-Alice, additional, Guilyardi, Eric, additional, Khodri, Myriam, additional, Lloyd, James, additional, Lombard, Fabien, additional, Mariotti, Véronique, additional, Marti, Olivier, additional, Roy, Tilla, additional, and Woillez, Marie-Noëlle, additional

Published
2012
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28. Simulations of global high-resolution climate and weather models in production mode (D1.1)

Author

Serradell, Kim, Dueben, Peter, Castrillo, Miguel, Valcke, Sophie, Caubel, Arnaud, Meurdesoif, Yann, Duras, Julia, Frauen, Claudia, Ziemen, Florian, Adamidis, Panos, Hatfield, Sam, Budich, Reinhard, Klocke, Daniel, Bricaud, Clément, and Fladrich, Uwe

Subjects
13. Climate action, weather, hpc, ESiWACE2, ESiWACE, 7. Clean energy, climate
Abstract

The central objective of work package 1 of ESiWACE2 is to develop and run coupled model simulations at a resolution as high as possible and with a throughput rate of at least one simulated year per day (1 SYPD) producing full model output. This throughput would be sufficient to use these simulations for operational weather predictions and potentially also to run the models for a couple of decades, to address scientific questions that are related to climate change. Four model configurations are considered (EC-Earth with OpenIFS coupled to NEMO, the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) coupled to NEMO, the ICON model with both atmosphere and ocean, the DYNAMICO model coupled to NEMO) covering both weather and climate configurations as well as well-established models and models that are currently under development. Furthermore, Ocean-only simulations with the NEMO models are also pushed to high spatial resolution (1/36 degree; ~3 km). This deliverable will give an overview of the main components and algorithms that are used by the different models and outline challenges for the use of pre-exascale machines for weather and climate simulations at very high resolution. The document also includes scalability plots when running the various models on several supercomputers. Furthermore, the efforts in work package 1 regarding the coupling infrastructure and model in- and output (I/O) will be described.

29. Simulations of global high-resolution climate and weather models in production mode (D1.1)

Author

Serradell, Kim, Dueben, Peter, Castrillo, Miguel, Valcke, Sophie, Caubel, Arnaud, Meurdesoif, Yann, Duras, Julia, Frauen, Claudia, Ziemen, Florian, Adamidis, Panos, Hatfield, Sam, Budich, Reinhard, Klocke, Daniel, Bricaud, Clément, and Fladrich, Uwe

Subjects
13. Climate action, weather, hpc, ESiWACE2, ESiWACE, 7. Clean energy, climate
Abstract

The central objective of work package 1 of ESiWACE2 is to develop and run coupled model simulations at a resolution as high as possible and with a throughput rate of at least one simulated year per day (1 SYPD) producing full model output. This throughput would be sufficient to use these simulations for operational weather predictions and potentially also to run the models for a couple of decades, to address scientific questions that are related to climate change. Four model configurations are considered (EC-Earth with OpenIFS coupled to NEMO, the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) coupled to NEMO, the ICON model with both atmosphere and ocean, the DYNAMICO model coupled to NEMO) covering both weather and climate configurations as well as well-established models and models that are currently under development. Furthermore, Ocean-only simulations with the NEMO models are also pushed to high spatial resolution (1/36 degree; ~3 km). This deliverable will give an overview of the main components and algorithms that are used by the different models and outline challenges for the use of pre-exascale machines for weather and climate simulations at very high resolution. The document also includes scalability plots when running the various models on several supercomputers. Furthermore, the efforts in work package 1 regarding the coupling infrastructure and model in- and output (I/O) will be described.

30. Activities between CNRS and ESC under MOU

Author

Madec, Gurvan, Levy, Marina, TAKAHASHI, KEIKO, Talandier, Claude, Benshila, Rachid, Foujols, Marie-Alice, Caubel, Arnaud, Maisonnave, Eric, Deltel, Charles, 高橋, 桂子, Madec, Gurvan, Levy, Marina, TAKAHASHI, KEIKO, Talandier, Claude, Benshila, Rachid, Foujols, Marie-Alice, Caubel, Arnaud, Maisonnave, Eric, Deltel, Charles, and 高橋, 桂子

32. CPMIP : measurements of real computational performance of Earth system models in CMIP6

Author

Jeffrey Durachta, Venkatramani Balaji, Rusty Benson, Garrett Wright, Joachim Biercamp, Bryan Lawrence, Marie-Alice Foujols, Giovanni Aloisio, Grenville Lister, Niki Zadeh, Arnaud Caubel, Uwe Fladrich, Eric Maisonnave, Silvia Mocavero, Seth Underwood, Princeton University, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), Engility Inc., Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading (UOR), Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum [Hamburg] (DKRZ), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Università del Salento (Università del Salento), Università del Salento, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Calcul Scientifique (CALCULS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Balaji, Venkatramani, Maisonnave, Eric, Zadeh, Niki, Lawrence, Bryan N., Biercamp, Joachim, Fladrich, Uwe, Aloisio, Giovanni, Benson, Rusty, Caubel, Arnaud, Durachta, Jeffrey, Foujols, Marie Alice, Lister, Grenville, Mocavero, Silvia, Underwood, Seth, Wright, Garrett, CERFACS, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)

Subjects
Butterfly effect, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Basis (linear algebra), business.industry, Computer science, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), lcsh:Geology, Set (abstract data type), Earth system science, Software, Computer engineering, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 020204 information systems, Performance engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Climate model, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, business, Simulation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

A climate model represents a multitude of processes on a variety of timescales and space scales: a canonical example of multi-physics multi-scale modeling. The underlying climate system is physically characterized by sensitive dependence on initial conditions, and natural stochastic variability, so very long integrations are needed to extract signals of climate change. Algorithms generally possess weak scaling and can be I/O and/or memory-bound. Such weak-scaling, I/O, and memory-bound multi-physics codes present particular challenges to computational performance. Traditional metrics of computational efficiency such as performance counters and scaling curves do not tell us enough about real sustained performance from climate models on different machines. They also do not provide a satisfactory basis for comparative information across models. codes present particular challenges to computational performance. We introduce a set of metrics that can be used for the study of computational performance of climate (and Earth system) models. These measures do not require specialized software or specific hardware counters, and should be accessible to anyone. They are independent of platform and underlying parallel programming models. We show how these metrics can be used to measure actually attained performance of Earth system models on different machines, and identify the most fruitful areas of research and development for performance engineering. codes present particular challenges to computational performance. We present results for these measures for a diverse suite of models from several modeling centers, and propose to use these measures as a basis for a CPMIP, a computational performance model intercomparison project (MIP).

Published
2017
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