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Your search keyword '"Cautín, Ricardo"' showing total 11 results
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11 results on '"Cautín, Ricardo"'

3. Underutilized Fruit Crops at a Crossroads: The Case of Annona cherimola—From Pre-Columbian to Present Times

Author

Larranaga, Nerea, Agustín, Jorge A., Albertazzi, Federico, Fontecha, Gustavo, Vásquez-Castillo, Wilson, Cautín, Ricardo, Quiroz, Edward, Ragonezi, Carla, Hormaza, Jose I., Larranaga, Nerea, Agustín, Jorge A., Albertazzi, Federico, Fontecha, Gustavo, Vásquez-Castillo, Wilson, Cautín, Ricardo, Quiroz, Edward, Ragonezi, Carla, and Hormaza, Jose I.

Abstract

Fruits of the cherimoya tree (Annona cherimola Mill.) were consumed by native cultures in Central America, from where the crop was disseminated to South America in pre-Columbian times. Despite its historical significance and cultivation in subtropical regions worldwide, cherimoya remains an underutilized crop, particularly in its area of origin where the conservation of its genetic diversity is under threat. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of the research performed on this fruit tree over the past two decades, shedding light on its current status in terms of commercial production and germplasm conservation efforts in the main cherimoya producing countries in the Americas and Europe.

Published
2024

4. In Vitro Micropropagation of the Vulnerable Chilean Endemic Alstroemeria pelegrina L.

Author

Guerra, Francesca, Cautín, Ricardo, and Castro, Mónica

Subjects
CONSERVATION of mass, ENDEMIC species, LIGHT emitting diodes, DEMOGRAPHIC change, SURVIVAL rate
Abstract

The Chilean rhizomatous geophyte Alstroemeria pelegrina (A. pelegrina), a species endemic to the Coquimbo (31°45′ S) and Valparaíso (33°12′ S) regions, is currently classified as vulnerable and experiencing population decline due to loss of habitat. This heightened threat underscores the need to develop effective mass propagation techniques to support its conservation efforts. Consequently, the present study aimed to establish an optimized in vitro propagation protocol tailored specifically for A. pelegrina to facilitate its large-scale propagation and promote the preservation of this vulnerable geophyte. In our experiment, explants obtained from in vitro germination were used. These explants were then cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium solidified with agar (6 g L−1) and supplemented with 2.22 μM 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 30 g L−1 sucrose. The results indicated an average of 4.6 new shoots produced per initial explant. The implementation of light-emitting diode (LED) illumination with a red:blue ratio of 3:1 and 2.22 μM BAP resulted in an average shoot length of 6.2 cm. For rhizome induction, the addition of either 5.37 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 5.37 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) resulted in average rhizome lengths of 1.9 cm and 1.7 cm, respectively, with fresh weights of the vitroplants ranging from 2.9 g to 3.1 g, and rooting percentages between 100% and 96%, respectively. Notably, the survival rate of rooted plants obtained through in vitro propagation was 90% after a 4-week acclimatization period in a cold greenhouse, indicating the efficacy of the developed protocol for mass propagation and conservation efforts of this vulnerable geophyte species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Seed Maturity and Its In Vitro Initiation of Chilean Endemic Geophyte Alstroemeria pelegrina L.

Author

Guerra, Francesca, Peñaloza, Patricia, Vidal, Alexis, Cautín, Ricardo, and Castro, Mónica

Subjects
GERMINATION, EFFECT of human beings on climate change, SEED dormancy, SEEDS, MANUFACTURING processes
Abstract

Alstroemeria pelegrina (A. pelegrina), a Chilean endemic, is considered vulnerable as its natural habitat is currently threatened. The decline in the reproductive capacity of the species due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change has made it imperative to address the problem by developing large-scale propagation methods. The objective of this study was to establish protocols for breaking the dormancy and in vitro germination of A. pelegrina seeds to speed up the germination and seedling production processes. The research began with morphological observations of the reproductive process, followed by in vitro sowing. The results showed that the seeds reached full maturity in 51 days, and physiological maturity in 41 days, at which point the seeds could be harvested for in vitro germination. The mechanical scarification pretreatment improves the in vitro germination rate to 96% and the germination time to 7 days, showing that the species is characterized by physical seed dormancy. On the other hand, if the seed coat incisions are deeper than 0.5 mm, 30% of the potential plants are lost due to embryo damage. The study provides scientific evidence for the feasibility of large-scale in vitro propagation of the species and establishes an efficient method of seedling production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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9. Clonal propagation of the avocado: effects of the rooting step on graft union formation and development

Author

Estay, Carmen, Cautín, Ricardo, Neaman, Alexander, and Castro, Monica

Subjects
Grafting, histological cross section, rhizogenesis, Cortes histológicos, rizogénesis, injertación, Persea americana Mill
Abstract

The etiolation and layering technique that is used on avocados has two critical steps, namely, the rooting of clonal rootstock and graft union formation between the commercial variety and clonal rootstock. This study analyzed the rooting step of the clonal rootstock regarding its influence on graft union formation and development. The optimum times for grafting the commercial variety onto clonal avocado rootstock were determined under two greenhouse conditions, heating and no heating. The results showed that under greenhouse conditions without heating, there was higher survival (%) in plants that were grafted 60 days after the rooting steps in the clonal scion, and, in the experiments in a heated greenhouse, the highest survival rate (%) was observed in plants that were grafted 15 days after the rooting treatments. For both assays, the lowest survival rate was observed for grafts performed 30 days after the wounding and auxin application process. In histological cross sections of rootstocks at the wounding zone and in auxin treatments, a large number of emerging adventitious roots were developed at 30 days. La técnica de etiolación y acodo utilizada en palto presenta dos etapas críticas: el enraizamiento del portainjerto clonal y el prendimiento del injerto entre la variedad comercial y el portainjerto clonal. En este estudio se evaluó la influencia de la fase de enraizamiento del portainjerto clonal sobre el prendimiento y desarrollo del injerto. Definiendo los momentos óptimos para realizar la injertación de la variedad comercial sobre el portainjerto clonal de palto, en dos condiciones de invernadero con y sin calefacción. Los resultados mostraron para las condiciones de invernadero sin calefacción, mayor prendimiento (%) en plantas injertadas a los 60 días después de los pasos de enraizamiento en la púa clonal, mientras que en el ensayo realizado en invernadero calefaccionado el mayor prendimiento (%) se observó en plantas injertadas a los 15 días después de realizados los tratamientos de enraizamiento. Para ambos ensayos, el menor prendimiento (%) se observó en plantas injertadas a los 30 días después de realizado el lesionado y la aplicación de auxinas. En cortes histológicos realizados al portainjerto, en la zona del lesionado y aplicación de la mezcla auxínica, a los 30 días, se observó gran cantidad de raíces adventicias emergiendo.

Published
2016

11. Propagation Techniques and Grafting Modify the Morphological Traits of Roots and Biomass Allocation in Avocado Trees.

Author

Fassio, Claudia, Cautín, Ricardo, Pérez-Donoso, Alonso, Bonomelli, Claudia, and Castro, Mónica

Subjects
AVOCADO, PLANT root morphology, PLANT biomass, SEEDLINGS, PLANT cuttings, PLANT growth
Abstract

Root morphological traits and biomass allocation were studied in 2-year-old 'Duke 7' avocado (Persea americana) trees propagated using seedling and clonal techniques. The plants either were or were not grafted with the scion 'Hass'. Whole tree excavation 1 year after planting revealed that the propagation technique affected the root growth angle of the main roots (third order roots), the root length density (defined as the total length of roots per volume of soil), and the number of first and second order roots present. The root system of clonal trees showed a typical morphology of rooted cuttings, with a crown of roots originating from a relatively short stem, resulting in a shallow root system. Clonal trees, compared with seedlings, produced main framework roots with shallower angles and more fine roots (first and second order roots) that increased the root length density (defined as the total length of roots per volume of soil). Nongrafted seedlings exhibited a main taproot and lateral roots with narrow angles that penetrated deeper into the soil and increased the aboveground biomass but had a lower root-to-shoot ratio than nongrafted clonal trees. The grafting of both clonal and seedling trees resulted in similar root architecture and revealed that grafting significantly decreased the soil volume explored and the shoot and root biomass. Although both root systems were shallow, grafted clonal trees had a higher root-to-shoot ratio than grafted seedlings. In this study, a distinct class of roots with large diameter and unbranched growth was more abundant in the root systems of clonal trees. These types of roots (previously undescribed in avocado trees), called pioneer roots, may enhance soil exploration in clonal trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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