8,974 results on '"Cavalleri A"'
Search Results
2. Generation of Ultrafast Magnetic Steps for Coherent Control
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De Vecchi, G., Jotzu, G., Buzzi, M., Fava, S., Gebert, T., Fechner, M., Kimel, A., and Cavalleri, A.
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
A long-standing challenge in ultrafast magnetism and in functional materials research in general, has been the generation of a universal, ultrafast stimulus able to switch between stable magnetic states. Solving it would open up many new opportunities for fundamental studies, with potential impact on future data storage technologies. Ideally, step-like magnetic field transients with infinitely fast rise time would serve this purpose. Here, we develop a new approach to generate ultrafast magnetic field steps, based on an ultrafast quench of supercurrents in a superconductor. Magnetic field steps with millitesla amplitude, picosecond risetimes and slew rates approaching 1 GT/s are achieved. We test the potential of this technique by coherently rotating the magnetization in a ferrimagnet. With suitable improvements in the geometry of the device, these magnetic steps can be made both larger and faster, leading to new applications that range from quenches across phase transitions to complete switching of magnetic order parameters., Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures with supplementary material
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- 2024
3. An ontology-based knowledge graph for representing interactions involving RNA molecules
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Cavalleri, Emanuele, Cabri, Alberto, Soto-Gomez, Mauricio, Bonfitto, Sara, Perlasca, Paolo, Gliozzo, Jessica, Callahan, Tiffany J, Reese, Justin, Robinson, Peter N, Casiraghi, Elena, Valentini, Giorgio, and Mesiti, Marco
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Biological Sciences ,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology ,Genetics ,Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) ,RNA ,Humans ,Biological Ontologies - Abstract
The "RNA world" represents a novel frontier for the study of fundamental biological processes and human diseases and is paving the way for the development of new drugs tailored to each patient's biomolecular characteristics. Although scientific data about coding and non-coding RNA molecules are constantly produced and available from public repositories, they are scattered across different databases and a centralized, uniform, and semantically consistent representation of the "RNA world" is still lacking. We propose RNA-KG, a knowledge graph (KG) encompassing biological knowledge about RNAs gathered from more than 60 public databases, integrating functional relationships with genes, proteins, and chemicals and ontologically grounded biomedical concepts. To develop RNA-KG, we first identified, pre-processed, and characterized each data source; next, we built a meta-graph that provides an ontological description of the KG by representing all the bio-molecular entities and medical concepts of interest in this domain, as well as the types of interactions connecting them. Finally, we leveraged an instance-based semantically abstracted knowledge model to specify the ontological alignment according to which RNA-KG was generated. RNA-KG can be downloaded in different formats and also queried by a SPARQL endpoint. A thorough topological analysis of the resulting heterogeneous graph provides further insights into the characteristics of the "RNA world". RNA-KG can be both directly explored and visualized, and/or analyzed by applying computational methods to infer bio-medical knowledge from its heterogeneous nodes and edges. The resource can be easily updated with new experimental data, and specific views of the overall KG can be extracted according to the bio-medical problem to be studied.
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- 2024
4. Complete non-compact $\operatorname{Spin}(7)$-manifolds from $T^2$-bundles over AC Calabi Yau manifolds
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Cavalleri, Nicolò
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Mathematics - Differential Geometry ,53C10, 53C25, 53C29, 53C80 - Abstract
We develop a new construction of complete non-compact 8-manifolds with Riemannian holonomy equal to $\operatorname{Spin}(7)$. As a consequence of the holonomy reduction, these manifolds are Ricci-flat. These metrics are built on the total spaces of principal $T^2$-bundles over asymptotically conical Calabi Yau manifolds. The resulting metrics have a new geometry at infinity that we call asymptotically $T^2$-fibred conical ($AT^2C$) and which generalizes to higher dimensions the ALG metrics of 4-dimensional hyperk\"ahler geometry, analogously to how ALC metrics generalize ALF metrics. As an application of this construction, we produce infinitely many diffeomorphism types of $AT^2C$ $\operatorname{Spin}(7)$-manifolds and the first known example of complete toric $\operatorname{Spin}(7)$-manifold., Comment: 49 pages, no figures
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- 2024
5. Multi-scale assessment of high-resolution reanalysis precipitation fields over Italy
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Cavalleri, Francesco, Lussana, Cristian, Viterbo, Francesca, Brunetti, Michele, Bonanno, Riccardo, Manara, Veronica, Lacavalla, Matteo, Sperati, Simone, Raffa, Mario, Capecchi, Valerio, Cesari, Davide, Giordani, Antonio, Cerenzia, Ines Maria Luisa, and Maugeri, Maurizio
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Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Abstract
This study focuses on the validation of high-resolution regional reanalyses to understand their effectiveness in reproducing precipitation patterns over Italy, a climate change hotspot characterized by coastal sea-land interaction and complex orography. Nine reanalysis products were evaluated, with the ECMWF global reanalysis ERA5 serving as a benchmark. These included both European (COSMO-REA6, CERRA) and Italy-specific (BOLAM, MERIDA, MERIDA-HRES, MOLOCH, SPHERA, VHR-REA\_IT) datasets, using different models and parametrizations. The inter-comparison involved determining the effective resolution of daily precipitation fields using wavelet techniques and assessing intense precipitation statistics through frequency distributions. In-situ observations and observational gridded datasets were used to independently validate reanalysis precipitation fields. The capability of reanalyses to depict daily precipitation patterns was assessed, highlighting a maximum radius of precipitation misplacement of about 15 km, with notably lower skills during summer. An overall overestimation of precipitation was identified in the reanalysis climatological fields over the Po Valley and the Alps, whereas multiple products showed an underestimation of precipitations across the North-West coast, the Apennines, and Southern Italy. Finally, a comparison with a time-consistent observational dataset (UniMi/ISAC-CNR) revealed a non-stable deviation from observations in the annual precipitation cumulate of the reanalysis products analyzed. This should be taken into account when interpreting precipitation trends over Italy.
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- 2024
6. Breaking symmetry with light: photo-induced chirality in a non-chiral crystal
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Zeng, Z., Först, M., Fechner, M., Buzzi, M., Amuah, E., Putzke, C., Moll, P. J. W., Prabhakaran, D., Radaelli, P., and Cavalleri, A.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
Chirality is a pervasive form of symmetry that is intimately connected to the physical properties of solids, as well as the chemical and biological activity of molecular systems. However, its control with light is challenging, because inducing chirality in a non-chiral material requires that all mirrors and all roto-inversions be simultaneously broken. Electromagnetic fields exert only oscillatory forces that vanish on average, mostly leading to entropy increase that does not break symmetries, per se. Here, we show that chirality of either handedness can be generated in the non-chiral piezoelectric material BPO$_4$, in which two compensated sub-structures of opposite handedness coexist within the same unit cell. By resonantly driving either one of two orthogonal, doubly degenerate vibrational modes at Terahertz frequency, we rectify the lattice distortion and exert a displacive force onto the crystal. The staggered chirality is in this way uncompensated in either direction, inducing chiral structure with either handedness. The rotary power of the photo-induced phases is comparable to the static value of prototypical chiral alpha-quartz, limited by the strength of the pump laser pulse., Comment: 27 pages, including Supplementary Materials
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- 2024
7. Tilt-to-length coupling in LISA Pathfinder: long-term stability
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Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M de Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Johann, U, Johlander, B, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Killow, C J, Korsakova, N, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, Martino, J, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Sanjuan, J, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P J, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The tilt-to-length coupling during the LISA Pathfinder mission has been numerically and analytically modeled for particular timespans. In this work, we investigate the long-term stability of the coupling coefficients of this noise. We show that they drifted slowly (by 1\,$\mu$m/rad and 6$\times10^{-6}$ in 100 days) and strongly correlated to temperature changes within the satellite (8\,$\mu$m/rad/K and 30$\times10^{-6}$/K). Based on analytical TTL coupling models, we attribute the temperature-driven coupling changes to rotations of the test masses and small distortions in the optical setup. Particularly, we show that LISA Pathfinder's optical baseplate was bent during the cooldown experiment, which started in late 2016 and lasted several months.
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- 2024
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8. Precision measurements of the magnetic parameters of LISA Pathfinder test masses
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Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M De Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Korsakova, N, Killow, C J, Liu, L, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martino, J, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Pivato, P, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Serrano, D, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
A precise characterization of the magnetic properties of LISA Pathfinder free falling test-masses is of special interest for future gravitational wave observatory in space. Magnetic forces have an important impact on the instrument sensitivity in the low frequency regime below the millihertz. In this paper we report on the magnetic injection experiments performed throughout LISA Pathfinder operations. We show how these experiments allowed a high precision estimate of the instrument magnetic parameters. The remanent magnetic moment was found to have a modulus of $(0.245\pm0.081)\,\rm{nAm}^2$, the x-component of the background magnetic field within the test masses position was measured to be $(414 \pm 74)$ nT and its gradient had a value of $(-7.4\pm 2.1)\,\mu$T/m. Finally, we also measured the test mass magnetic susceptibility to be $(-3.35\pm0.15)\times$10$^{-5}$ in the low frequency regime. All results are in agreement with on-ground estimates.
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- 2024
9. Magnetic-induced force noise in LISA Pathfinder free-falling test masses
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Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M De Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Korsakova, N, Killow, C J, Liu, L, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martino, J, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Pivato, P, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Serrano, D, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
LISA Pathfinder was a mission designed to test key technologies required for gravitational wave detection in space. Magnetically driven forces play a key role in the instrument sensitivity in the low-frequency regime, which corresponds to the measurement band of interest for future space-borne gravitational wave observatories. Magnetic-induced forces couple to the test mass motion, introducing a contribution to the relative acceleration noise between the free falling test masses. In this Letter we present the first complete estimate of this term of the instrument performance model. Our results set the magnetic-induced acceleration noise during the February 2017 noise run of $\rm 0.25_{-0.08}^{+0.15}\,fm\,s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ at 1 mHz and $\rm 1.01_{-0.24}^{+0.73}\, fm\,s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ at 0.1 mHz. We also discuss how the non-stationarities of the interplanetary magnetic field can affect these values during extreme space weather conditions.
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- 2024
10. In-depth analysis of LISA Pathfinder performance results: Time evolution, noise projection, physical models, and implications for LISA
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Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Chiavegato, V., Cruise, A. M., Bosco, D. Dal, Danzmann, K., Silva, M. De Deus, Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Giardini, D., Gibert, F., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Hartig, M. S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Johlander, B., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Lopez-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martın, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martin-Porqueras, F., Martino, J., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Meshksar, N., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Rivas, F., Robertson, D. I., Russano, G., Sala, L., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zanoni, C., and Zweifel, P.
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
We present an in-depth analysis of the LISA Pathfinder differential acceleration performance over the entire course of its science operations, spanning approximately 500 days. We find that: 1) the evolution of the Brownian noise that dominates the acceleration amplitude spectral density (ASD), for frequencies $f\gtrsim 1\,\text{mHz}$, is consistent with the decaying pressure due to the outgassing of a single gaseous species. 2) between $f=36\,\mu\text{Hz}$ and $1\,\text{mHz}$, the acceleration ASD shows a $1/f$ tail in excess of the Brownian noise of almost constant amplitude, with $\simeq 20\%$ fluctuations over a period of a few days, with no particular time pattern over the course of the mission; 3) at the lowest considered frequency of $f=18\,\mu\text{Hz}$, the ASD significantly deviates from the $1/f$ behavior, because of temperature fluctuations that appear to modulate a quasi-static pressure gradient, sustained by the asymmetries of the outgassing pattern. We also present the results of a projection of the observed acceleration noise on the potential sources for which we had either a direct correlation measurement, or a quantitative estimate from dedicated experiments. These sources account for approximately $40\%$ of the noise power in the $1/f$ tail. Finally, we analyze the possible sources of the remaining unexplained fraction, and identify the possible measures that may be taken to keep those under control in LISA.
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- 2024
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11. Magnetic field expulsion in optically driven YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6.48}$
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Fava, Sebastian, De Vecchi, Giovanni, Jotzu, Gregor, Buzzi, Michele, Gebert, Thomas, Liu, Yiran, Keimer, Bernhard, and Cavalleri, Andrea
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
Coherent optical driving in quantum solids is emerging as a new research frontier, with many demonstrations of exotic non-equilibrium quantum phases. These are based on engineered band structures, and on stimulated nonlinear interactions between driven modes. Enhanced functionalities like ferroelectricity, magnetism and superconductivity have been reported in these non-equilibrium settings. In high-Tc cuprates, coherent driving of certain phonon modes induces a transient state with superconducting-like optical properties, observed far above T$_c$ and throughout the pseudogap phase. Questions remain not only on the microscopic nature of this phenomenon, but also on the macroscopic properties of these transient states, beyond the documented optical conductivities. Crucially, it is not clear if driven cuprates exhibit Meissner-like diamagnetism. Here, the time-dependent magnetic-field amplitude surrounding a driven YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6.48}$ sample is probed by measuring Faraday rotation in a GaP layer adjacent to the superconductor. For the same driving conditions that result in superconducting-like optical properties, an enhancement of magnetic field at the edge of the sample is detected, indicative of induced diamagnetism. The dynamical field expulsion measured after pumping is comparable in size to the one expected in an equilibrium type II superconductor of similar shape and size with a volume susceptibility $\chi_v$ of order -0.3. Crucially, this value is incompatible with a photo-induced increase in mobility without superconductivity. Rather, it underscores the notion of a pseudogap phase in which incipient superconducting correlations are enhanced or synchronized by the optical drive., Comment: 37 pages, including supplementary information
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- 2024
12. Observation of polarization density waves in SrTiO3
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Orenstein, Gal, Krapivin, Viktor, Huang, Yijing, Zhan, Zhuquan, Munoz, Gilberto de la Pena, Duncan, Ryan A., Nguyen, Quynh, Stanton, Jade, Teitelbaum, Samuel, Yavas, Hasan, Sato, Takahiro, Hoffmann, Matthias C., Kramer, Patrick, Zhang, Jiahao, Cavalleri, Andrea, Comin, Riccardo, Dean, Mark P. M., Disa, Ankit S., Forst, Michael, Johnson, Steven L., Mitrano, Matteo, Rappe, Andrew M., Reis, David, Zhu, Diling, Nelson, Keith A., and Trigo, Mariano
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The nature of the "failed" ferroelectric transition in SrTiO3 has been a long-standing puzzle in condensed matter physics. A compelling explanation is the competition between ferroelectricity and an instability with a mesoscopic modulation of the polarization. These polarization density waves, which should become especially strong near the quantum critical point, break local inversion symmetry and are difficult to probe with conventional x-ray scattering methods. Here we combine a femtosecond x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) with THz coherent control methods to probe inversion symmetry breaking at finite momenta and visualize the instability of the polarization on nanometer lengthscales in SrTiO3. We find polar-acoustic collective modes that are soft particularly at the tens of nanometer lengthscale. These precursor collective excitations provide evidence for the conjectured mesoscopic modulated phase in SrTiO3.
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- 2024
13. Assessment of prostate tissue remodeling in rats exposed to bisphenol A and the phytoestrogens genistein and indole-3-carbinol during the perinatal period/Avaliação da remodelaçao tecidual prostatica em ratos expostos ao bisfenol A e aos fitoestrógenos genisteína e indol-3-carbinol durante o período perinatal
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Bueno, Ericka Stephanny Brandao, Neto, Carlos Domingos Vieira, Rodrigues, Alessandro, Sousa, Thaina Cavalleri, Hinokuma, Karianne Delalibera, Aquino, Ariana Musa De, Scarano, Wellerson Rodrigo, Brandt, Joyce Zalotti, and Mendes, Leonardo De Oliveira
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- 2024
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14. Magnetic field expulsion in optically driven YBa2Cu3O6.48
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Fava, S., De Vecchi, G., Jotzu, G., Buzzi, M., Gebert, T., Liu, Y., Keimer, B., and Cavalleri, A.
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- 2024
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15. Principles of 2D terahertz spectroscopy of collective excitations: the case of Josephson plasmons in layered superconductors
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Salvador, Alex Gómez, Dolgirev, Pavel E., Michael, Marios H., Liu, Albert, Pavicevic, Danica, Fechner, Michael, Cavalleri, Andrea, and Demler, Eugene
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
Two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy (2DTS), a terahertz analogue of nuclear magnetic resonance, is a new technique poised to address many open questions in complex condensed matter systems. The conventional theoretical framework used ubiquitously for interpreting multidimensional spectra of discrete quantum level systems is, however, insufficient for the continua of collective excitations in strongly correlated materials. Here, we develop a theory for 2DTS of a model collective excitation, the Josephson plasma resonance in layered superconductors. Starting from a mean-field approach at temperatures well below the superconducting phase transition, we obtain expressions for the multidimensional nonlinear responses that are amenable to intuition derived from the conventional single-mode scenario. We then consider temperatures near the superconducting critical temperature $T_c$, where dynamics beyond mean-field become important and conventional intuition fails. As fluctuations proliferate near $T_c$, the dominant contribution to nonlinear response comes from an optical parametric drive of counter-propagating Josephson plasmons, which gives rise to 2D spectra that are qualitatively different from the mean-field predictions. As such, and in contrast to one-dimensional spectroscopy techniques, such as third harmonic generation, 2DTS can be used to directly probe thermally excited finite-momentum plasmons and their interactions. Our theory provides a clear interpretation of recent 2DTS measurements on cuprates, and we discuss implications beyond the present context of Josephson plasmons.
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- 2024
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16. Squeezed Josephson plasmons in driven YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$
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Taherian, N., Först, M., Liu, A., Fechner, M., Pavicevic, D., von Hoegen, A., Rowe, E., Liu, Y., Nakata, S., Keimer, B., Demler, E., Michael, M. H., and Cavalleri, A.
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity - Abstract
The physics of driven collective modes in quantum materials underpin a number of striking non-equilibrium functional responses, which include enhanced magnetism, ferroelectricity and superconductivity. However, the coherent coupling between multiple modes at once are difficult to capture by single-pump probe (one-dimensional) spectroscopy, and often remain poorly understood. One example is phonon-mediated amplification of Josephson plasmons in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$, in which at least three normal modes of the solid are coherently mixed as a source of enhanced superconductivity. Here, we go beyond previous pump-probe experiments in this system and acquire two-dimensional frequency maps using pairs of mutually delayed, carrier envelope phase stable mid-infrared pump pulses, combined with measurements of the time-modulated second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility. We find that the driven zone-center phonons amplify coherent pairs of opposite-momentum Josephson plasma polaritons, generating a squeezed state of interlayer phase fluctuations. The squeezed state is a potentially important ingredient in the microscopic physics of photo-induced superconductivity in this and other materials., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures
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- 2024
17. An open source knowledge graph ecosystem for the life sciences
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Callahan, Tiffany J, Tripodi, Ignacio J, Stefanski, Adrianne L, Cappelletti, Luca, Taneja, Sanya B, Wyrwa, Jordan M, Casiraghi, Elena, Matentzoglu, Nicolas A, Reese, Justin, Silverstein, Jonathan C, Hoyt, Charles Tapley, Boyce, Richard D, Malec, Scott A, Unni, Deepak R, Joachimiak, Marcin P, Robinson, Peter N, Mungall, Christopher J, Cavalleri, Emanuele, Fontana, Tommaso, Valentini, Giorgio, Mesiti, Marco, Gillenwater, Lucas A, Santangelo, Brook, Vasilevsky, Nicole A, Hoehndorf, Robert, Bennett, Tellen D, Ryan, Patrick B, Hripcsak, George, Kahn, Michael G, Bada, Michael, Baumgartner, William A, and Hunter, Lawrence E
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Information and Computing Sciences ,Artificial Intelligence ,Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) ,Bioengineering ,Data Science ,Algorithms ,Biological Science Disciplines ,Pattern Recognition ,Automated ,Translational Research ,Biomedical ,Knowledge Bases - Abstract
Translational research requires data at multiple scales of biological organization. Advancements in sequencing and multi-omics technologies have increased the availability of these data, but researchers face significant integration challenges. Knowledge graphs (KGs) are used to model complex phenomena, and methods exist to construct them automatically. However, tackling complex biomedical integration problems requires flexibility in the way knowledge is modeled. Moreover, existing KG construction methods provide robust tooling at the cost of fixed or limited choices among knowledge representation models. PheKnowLator (Phenotype Knowledge Translator) is a semantic ecosystem for automating the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) construction of ontologically grounded KGs with fully customizable knowledge representation. The ecosystem includes KG construction resources (e.g., data preparation APIs), analysis tools (e.g., SPARQL endpoint resources and abstraction algorithms), and benchmarks (e.g., prebuilt KGs). We evaluated the ecosystem by systematically comparing it to existing open-source KG construction methods and by analyzing its computational performance when used to construct 12 different large-scale KGs. With flexible knowledge representation, PheKnowLator enables fully customizable KGs without compromising performance or usability.
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- 2024
18. Functional EPAS1/HIF2A missense variant is associated with hematocrit in Andean highlanders
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Lawrence, Elijah S, Gu, Wanjun, Bohlender, Ryan J, Anza-Ramirez, Cecilia, Cole, Amy M, Yu, James J, Hu, Hao, Heinrich, Erica C, O’Brien, Katie A, Vasquez, Carlos A, Cowan, Quinn T, Bruck, Patrick T, Mercader, Kysha, Alotaibi, Mona, Long, Tao, Hall, James E, Moya, Esteban A, Bauk, Marco A, Reeves, Jennifer J, Kong, Mitchell C, Salem, Rany M, Vizcardo-Galindo, Gustavo, Macarlupu, Jose-Luis, Figueroa-Mujíca, Rómulo, Bermudez, Daniela, Corante, Noemi, Gaio, Eduardo, Fox, Keolu P, Salomaa, Veikko, Havulinna, Aki S, Murray, Andrew J, Malhotra, Atul, Powel, Frank L, Jain, Mohit, Komor, Alexis C, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Huff, Chad D, Villafuerte, Francisco C, and Simonson, Tatum S
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Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Clinical Research ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Humans ,Adaptation ,Physiological ,Altitude ,East Asian People ,Hematocrit ,Hypoxia ,Mutation ,Missense ,South American People - Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor pathway genes are linked to adaptation in both human and nonhuman highland species. EPAS1, a notable target of hypoxia adaptation, is associated with relatively lower hemoglobin concentration in Tibetans. We provide evidence for an association between an adaptive EPAS1 variant (rs570553380) and the same phenotype of relatively low hematocrit in Andean highlanders. This Andean-specific missense variant is present at a modest frequency in Andeans and absent in other human populations and vertebrate species except the coelacanth. CRISPR-base-edited human cells with this variant exhibit shifts in hypoxia-regulated gene expression, while metabolomic analyses reveal both genotype and phenotype associations and validation in a lowland population. Although this genocopy of relatively lower hematocrit in Andean highlanders parallels well-replicated findings in Tibetans, it likely involves distinct pathway responses based on a protein-coding versus noncoding variants, respectively. These findings illuminate how unique variants at EPAS1 contribute to the same phenotype in Tibetans and a subset of Andean highlanders despite distinct evolutionary trajectories.
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- 2024
19. NanoNewton electrostatic force actuators for femtoNewton-sensitive measurements: system performance test in the LISA Pathfinder mission
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Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Bassan, M, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Chiavegato, V, Cruise, A M, Bosco, D Dal, Danzmann, K, Silva, M De Deus, De Rosa, R, Di Fiore, L, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferroni, L Ferraioli V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grado, A, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Johlander, B, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Korsakova, N, Killow, C J, Liu, L, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, Martino, J, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Moerschell, J, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Plagnol, E, Praplan, C, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Sala, L, Sarra, P, Schule-Walewski, S L, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Stanga, R, Sumner, T, Pierick, J ten, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, Zanoni, C, and Zweifel, P
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
Electrostatic force actuation is a key component of the system of geodesic reference test masses (TM) for the LISA orbiting gravitational wave observatory and in particular for performance at low frequencies, below 1 mHz, where the observatory sensitivity is limited by stray force noise. The system needs to apply forces of order 10$^{-9}$ N while limiting fluctuations in the measurement band to levels approaching 10$^{-15}$ N/Hz$^{1/2}$. We present here the LISA actuation system design, based on audio-frequency voltage carrier signals, and results of its in-flight performance test with the LISA Pathfinder test mission. In LISA, TM force actuation is used to align the otherwise free-falling TM to the spacecraft-mounted optical metrology system, without any forcing along the critical gravitational wave-sensitive interferometry axes. In LISA Pathfinder, on the other hand, the actuation was used also to stabilize the TM along the critical $x$ axis joining the two TM, with the commanded actuation force entering directly into the mission's main differential acceleration science observable. The mission allowed demonstration of the full compatibility of the electrostatic actuation system with the LISA observatory requirements, including dedicated measurement campaigns to amplify, isolate, and quantify the two main force noise contributions from the actuation system, from actuator gain noise and from low frequency ``in band'' voltage fluctuations. These campaigns have shown actuation force noise to be a relevant, but not dominant, noise source in LISA Pathfinder and have allowed performance projections for the conditions expected in the LISA mission.
- Published
- 2023
20. Probing photo-induced granular superconductivity in K$_{3}$C$_{60}$ thin films with an ultrafast on-chip voltmeter
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Adelinia, Joseph D., Wang, Eryin, Chavez-Cervantes, Mariana, Matsuyama, Toru, Fechner, Michael, Buzzi, Michele, Meier, Guido, and Cavalleri, Andrea
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
The physics of optically-induced superconductivity remains poorly understood, with questions that range from the underlying microscopic mechanism to the macroscopic electrical response of the non-equilibrium phase. In this paper, we study optically-induced superconductivity in K$_{3}$C$_{60}$ thin films, which display signatures of granularity both in the equilibrium state below T$_{c}$ and in the nonequilibrium photo-induced phase above T$_{c}$. Photo-conductive switches are used to measure the ultrafast voltage drop across a K$_{3}$C$_{60}$ film as a function of time after irradiation, both below and above T$_{c}$. These measurements reveal fast changes associated with the kinetic inductance of in-grain superconductivity, and a slower response attributed to the Josephson dynamics at the weak links. Fits to the data yield estimates of the in-grain photo-induced superfluid density after the drive and the dynamics of phase slips at the weak links. This work underscores the increasing ability to make electrical measurements at ultrafast speeds in optically-driven quantum materials, and demonstrates a striking new platform for optoelectronic device applications.
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- 2023
21. RNA-KG: An ontology-based knowledge graph for representing interactions involving RNA molecules
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Cavalleri, Emanuele, Cabri, Alberto, Soto-Gomez, Mauricio, Bonfitto, Sara, Perlasca, Paolo, Gliozzo, Jessica, Callahan, Tiffany J., Reese, Justin, Robinson, Peter N, Casiraghi, Elena, Valentini, Giorgio, and Mesiti, Marco
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Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
The "RNA world" represents a novel frontier for the study of fundamental biological processes and human diseases and is paving the way for the development of new drugs tailored to the patient's biomolecular characteristics. Although scientific data about coding and non-coding RNA molecules are continuously produced and available from public repositories, they are scattered across different databases and a centralized, uniform, and semantically consistent representation of the "RNA world" is still lacking. We propose RNA-KG, a knowledge graph encompassing biological knowledge about RNAs gathered from more than 50 public databases, integrating functional relationships with genes, proteins, and chemicals and ontologically grounded biomedical concepts. To develop RNA-KG, we first identified, pre-processed, and characterized each data source; next, we built a meta-graph that provides an ontological description of the KG by representing all the bio-molecular entities and medical concepts of interest in this domain, as well as the types of interactions connecting them. Finally, we leveraged an instance-based semantically abstracted knowledge model to specify the ontological alignment according to which RNA-KG was generated. RNA-KG can be downloaded in different formats and also queried by a SPARQL endpoint. A thorough topological analysis of the resulting heterogeneous graph provides further insights into the characteristics of the "RNA world". RNA-KG can be both directly explored and visualized, and/or analyzed by applying computational methods to infer bio-medical knowledge from its heterogeneous nodes and edges. The resource can be easily updated with new experimental data, and specific views of the overall KG can be extracted according to the bio-medical problem to be studied.
- Published
- 2023
22. Donor genetic burden for cerebrovascular risk and kidney transplant outcome
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Collins, Kane E., Gilbert, Edmund, Mauduit, Vincent, Benson, Katherine A., Elhassan, Elhussein A. E., O’Seaghdha, Conall, Hill, Claire, McKnight, Amy Jayne, Maxwell, Alexander P., van der Most, Peter J., de Borst, Martin H., Guan, Weihua, Jacobson, Pamala A., Israni, Ajay K., Keating, Brendan J., Lord, Graham M., Markkinen, Salla, Helanterä, Ilkka, Hyvärinen, Kati, Partanen, Jukka, Madden, Stephen F., Limou, Sophie, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L., and Conlon, Peter J.
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- 2024
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23. Beyond nectar: exploring the effects of ant presence on the interaction of flower visitors of a rosette in grassland
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Carvalho, Daniel A., Costa, Lucas M., Silva, Izadora M., Amoza, Natália A., Sendoya, Sebastian F., and Cavalleri, Adriano
- Published
- 2024
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24. Hemodynamic evaluation in preterm infants using ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM)
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Doni, Daniela, Faraguna, Martha Caterina, Zannin, Emanuela, Rinaldi, Alessandro, Cafolla, Claudia, Iozzi, Lucia, Cavalleri, Valeria, Rigotti, Camilla, Sinelli, Mariateresa, Fedeli, Tiziana, and Ventura, Maria Luisa
- Published
- 2024
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25. Ultrafast Raman thermometry in driven YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6.48}$
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Chou, T. -H., Först, M., Fechner, M., Henstridge, M., Roy, S., Buzzi, M., Nicoletti, D., Liu, Y., Nakata, S., Keimer, B., and Cavalleri, A.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
Signatures of photo-induced superconductivity have been reported in cuprate materials subjected to a coherent phonon drive. A 'cold' superfluid was extracted from the transient Terahertz conductivity and was seen to coexist with 'hot' uncondensed quasi-particles, a hallmark of a driven-dissipative system of which the interplay between coherent and incoherent responses are not well understood. Here, time resolved spontaneous Raman scattering was used to probe the lattice temperature in the photo-induced superconducting state of YBa2Cu3O6.48. An increase in lattice temperature of approximately 80 K was observed by measuring the time dependent Raman scattering intensity of an undriven 'spectator' phonon mode. This is to be compared with an estimated increase in quasi-particle temperatures of nearly 200 K. These temperature changes provide quantitative information on the nature of the driven state and its decay, and may provide a strategy to optimize this effect., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures
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- 2023
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26. Probing Inhomogeneous Cuprate Superconductivity by Terahertz Josephson Echo Spectroscopy
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Liu, Albert, Pavicevic, Danica, Michael, Marios H., Salvador, Alex G., Dolgirev, Pavel E., Fechner, Michael, Disa, Ankit S., Lozano, Pedro M., Li, Qiang, Gu, Genda D., Demler, Eugene, and Cavalleri, Andrea
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
Inhomogeneities play a crucial role in determining the properties of quantum materials. Yet methods that can measure these inhomogeneities are few, and apply to only a fraction of the relevant microscopic phenomena. For example, the electronic properties of cuprate materials are known to be inhomogeneous over nanometer length scales, although questions remain about how such disorder influences supercurrents and their dynamics. Here, two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy is used to study interlayer superconducting tunneling in near-optimally-doped La1.83Sr0.17CuO4. We isolate a 2 THz Josephson echo signal with which we disentangle intrinsic lifetime broadening from extrinsic inhomogeneous broadening. We find that the Josephson plasmons are only weakly inhomogeneously broadened, with an inhomogeneous linewidth that is three times smaller than their intrinsic lifetime broadening. This extrinsic broadening remains constant up to 0.7Tc, above which it is overcome by the thermally-increased lifetime broadening. Crucially, the effects of disorder on the Josephson plasma resonance are nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than the in-plane variations in the superconducting gap in this compound, which have been previously documented using Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) measurements. Hence, even in the presence of significant disorder in the superfluid density, the finite frequency interlayer charge fluctuations exhibit dramatically reduced inhomogeneous broadening. We present a model that relates disorder in the superfluid density to the observed lifetimes.
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- 2023
27. Tilt-to-length coupling in LISA Pathfinder: a data analysis
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Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M de Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Johann, U, Johlander, B, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Killow, C J, Korsakova, N, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, Martino, J, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Sanjuan, J, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Tevlin, L, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P J, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
We present a study of the tilt-to-length coupling noise during the LISA Pathfinder mission and how it depended on the system's alignment. Tilt-to-length coupling noise is the unwanted coupling of angular and lateral spacecraft or test mass motion into the primary interferometric displacement readout. It was one of the major noise sources in the LISA Pathfinder mission and is likewise expected to be a primary noise source in LISA. We demonstrate here that a recently derived and published analytical model describes the dependency of the LISA Pathfinder tilt-to-length coupling noise on the alignment of the two freely falling test masses. This was verified with the data taken before and after the realignments performed in March (engineering days) and June 2016, and during a two-day experiment in February 2017 (long cross-talk experiment). The latter was performed with the explicit goal of testing the tilt-to-length coupling noise dependency on the test mass alignment. Using the analytical model, we show that all realignments performed during the mission were only partially successful and explain the reasons why. In addition to the analytical model, we computed another physical tilt-to-length coupling model via a minimising routine making use of the long cross-talk experiment data. A similar approach could prove useful for the LISA mission.
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- 2023
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28. Initial achievements in relation extraction from RNA-focused scientific papers
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Cavalleri, E, Soto-Gomez, M, Pashaeibarough, A, Malchiodi, D, Caufield, H, Reese, J, Mungall, CJ, Robinson, PN, Casiraghi, E, Valentini, G, and Mesiti, M
- Subjects
Information systems - Abstract
Relation extraction from the scientific literature to comply with a domain ontology is a well-known problem in natural language processing and is particularly critical in precision medicine. The advent of large language models (LLMs) has paved the way for the development of new effective approaches to this problem, but the extracted relations can be affected by issues such as hallucination, which must be minimized. In this paper, we present the initial design and preliminary experimental validation of SPIREX, an extension of the SPIRES-based system for the extraction of RDF triples from scientific literature involving RNA molecules. Our system exploits schema constraints in the formulations of LLM prompts along with our RNA-based KG, RNA-KG, for evaluating the plausibility of the extracted triples. RNA-KG contains more than 9M edges representing different kinds of relationships in which RNA molecules can be involved. Initial experimental results on a controlled data set are quite encouraging.
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- 2024
29. An ontology-based knowledge graph for representing interactions involving RNA molecules
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Emanuele Cavalleri, Alberto Cabri, Mauricio Soto-Gomez, Sara Bonfitto, Paolo Perlasca, Jessica Gliozzo, Tiffany J. Callahan, Justin Reese, Peter N. Robinson, Elena Casiraghi, Giorgio Valentini, and Marco Mesiti
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract The “RNA world” represents a novel frontier for the study of fundamental biological processes and human diseases and is paving the way for the development of new drugs tailored to each patient’s biomolecular characteristics. Although scientific data about coding and non-coding RNA molecules are constantly produced and available from public repositories, they are scattered across different databases and a centralized, uniform, and semantically consistent representation of the “RNA world” is still lacking. We propose RNA-KG, a knowledge graph (KG) encompassing biological knowledge about RNAs gathered from more than 60 public databases, integrating functional relationships with genes, proteins, and chemicals and ontologically grounded biomedical concepts. To develop RNA-KG, we first identified, pre-processed, and characterized each data source; next, we built a meta-graph that provides an ontological description of the KG by representing all the bio-molecular entities and medical concepts of interest in this domain, as well as the types of interactions connecting them. Finally, we leveraged an instance-based semantically abstracted knowledge model to specify the ontological alignment according to which RNA-KG was generated. RNA-KG can be downloaded in different formats and also queried by a SPARQL endpoint. A thorough topological analysis of the resulting heterogeneous graph provides further insights into the characteristics of the “RNA world”. RNA-KG can be both directly explored and visualized, and/or analyzed by applying computational methods to infer bio-medical knowledge from its heterogeneous nodes and edges. The resource can be easily updated with new experimental data, and specific views of the overall KG can be extracted according to the bio-medical problem to be studied.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Human glioblastoma-derived cell membrane nanovesicles: a novel, cell-specific strategy for boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors
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Alice Balboni, Giorgia Ailuno, Sara Baldassari, Giuliana Drava, Andrea Petretto, Nicole Grinovero, Ornella Cavalleri, Elena Angeli, Andrea Lagomarsino, Paolo Canepa, Alessandro Corsaro, Beatrice Tremonti, Federica Barbieri, Stefano Thellung, Paola Contini, Katia Cortese, Tullio Florio, and Gabriele Caviglioli
- Subjects
Cell membrane ,Cancer treatment ,Bioinspired vesicles ,Cell internalization ,Proteomics ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the deadliest brain tumors, accounts for approximately 50% of all primary malignant CNS tumors, therefore novel, highly effective remedies are urgently needed. Boron neutron capture therapy, which has recently repositioned as a promising strategy to treat high-grade gliomas, requires a conspicuous accumulation of boron atoms in the cancer cells. With the aim of selectively deliver sodium borocaptate (BSH, a 12 B atoms-including molecule already employed in the clinics) to GBM cells, we developed novel cell membrane-derived vesicles (CMVs), overcoming the limits of natural extracellular vesicles as drug carriers, while maintaining their inherent homing abilities that make them preferable to fully synthetic nanocarriers. Purified cell membrane fragments, isolated from patient-derived GBM stem-like cell cultures, were used to prepare nanosized CMVs, which retained some membrane proteins specific of the GBM parent cells and were devoid of potentially detrimental genetic material. In vitro tests evidenced the targeting ability of this novel nanosystem and ruled out any cytotoxicity. The CMVs were successfully loaded with BSH, by following two different procedures, i.e. sonication and electroporation, demonstrating their potential applicability in GBM therapy.
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- 2024
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31. 'How long is life worth living for the horse?' A focus group study on how Austrian equine stakeholders assess quality of life for chronically ill or old horses
- Author
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Mariessa Long, Herwig Grimm, Florien Jenner, Jessika-M. V. Cavalleri, and Svenja Springer
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Horse welfare ,Quality of life ,End-of-life decisions ,Euthanasia ,Veterinary care decisions ,A good life ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Quality of life (QoL) provides a comprehensive concept underpinning veterinary decision-making that encompasses factors beyond physical health. It becomes particularly pertinent when seeking responsible choices for chronically ill or old horses that emphasise their well-being and a good QoL over the extension of life. How different stakeholders use the concept of QoL is highly relevant when considering the complexity of these decisions in real-life situations. Methods Seven focus group discussions (N = 39) were conducted to gain insights into how stakeholders assess and use equine QoL in veterinary care decisions for chronically ill and/or old horses. The discussions included horse owners (n = 17), equine veterinarians (n = 7), veterinary officers (n = 6), farriers (n = 4), and horse caregivers (n = 5). The combination of deductive and inductive qualitative content analysis of the group discussions focused on identifying both similarities and differences in the views of these groups regarding QoL for old and/or chronically ill horses. Results Findings show agreement about two issues: the importance of the individuality of the horse for assessing QoL and the relevance of QoL in making decisions about veterinary interventions. We identified differences between the groups with respect to three issues: the time required to assess QoL, stakeholders’ contributions to QoL assessments, and challenges resulting from those contributions. While owners and caregivers of horses emphasised their knowledge of a horse and the relevance of the time they spend with their horse, the veterinarians in the study focused on the differences between their own QoL assessments and those of horse owners. In response to challenges regarding QoL assessments and decision-making, stakeholders described different strategies such as drawing comparisons to human experiences. Conclusions Differences between stakeholders regarding equine QoL assessments contribute to challenges when making decisions about the care of chronically ill or old horses. The results of this study suggest that individual and collaborative reflection about a horse’s QoL should be encouraged, for example by developing practicable QoL assessment tools that support relevant stakeholders in this process.
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- 2024
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32. Optically Induced Avoided Crossing in Graphene
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Buchenau, Sören, Grimm-Lebsanft, Benjamin, Biebl, Florian, Glier, Tomke, Westphal, Lea, Reichstetter, Janika, Manske, Dirk, Fechner, Michael, Cavalleri, Andrea, Herres-Pawlis, Sonja, and Rübhausen, Michael
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
Degenerate states in condensed matter are frequently the cause of unwanted fluctuations, which prevent the formation of ordered phases and reduce their functionalities. Removing these degeneracies has been a common theme in materials design, pursued for example by strain engineering at interfaces. Here, we explore a non-equilibrium approach to lift degeneracies in solids. We show that coherent driving of the crystal lattice in bi- and multilayer graphene, boosts the coupling between two doubly-degenerate modes of E1u and E2g symmetry, which are virtually uncoupled at equilibrium. New vibronic states result from anharmonic driving of the E1u mode to large amplitdues, boosting its coupling to the E2g mode. The vibrational structure of the driven state is probed with time-resolved Raman scattering, which reveals laser-field dependent mode splitting and enhanced lifetimes. We expect this phenomenon to be generally observable in many materials systems, affecting the non-equilibrium emergent phases in matter., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2023
33. An Open-Source Knowledge Graph Ecosystem for the Life Sciences
- Author
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Callahan, Tiffany J., Tripodi, Ignacio J., Stefanski, Adrianne L., Cappelletti, Luca, Taneja, Sanya B., Wyrwa, Jordan M., Casiraghi, Elena, Matentzoglu, Nicolas A., Reese, Justin, Silverstein, Jonathan C., Hoyt, Charles Tapley, Boyce, Richard D., Malec, Scott A., Unni, Deepak R., Joachimiak, Marcin P., Robinson, Peter N., Mungall, Christopher J., Cavalleri, Emanuele, Fontana, Tommaso, Valentini, Giorgio, Mesiti, Marco, Gillenwater, Lucas A., Santangelo, Brook, Vasilevsky, Nicole A., Hoehndorf, Robert, Bennett, Tellen D., Ryan, Patrick B., Hripcsak, George, Kahn, Michael G., Bada, Michael, Baumgartner Jr, William A., and Hunter, Lawrence E.
- Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science - Abstract
Translational research requires data at multiple scales of biological organization. Advancements in sequencing and multi-omics technologies have increased the availability of these data, but researchers face significant integration challenges. Knowledge graphs (KGs) are used to model complex phenomena, and methods exist to construct them automatically. However, tackling complex biomedical integration problems requires flexibility in the way knowledge is modeled. Moreover, existing KG construction methods provide robust tooling at the cost of fixed or limited choices among knowledge representation models. PheKnowLator (Phenotype Knowledge Translator) is a semantic ecosystem for automating the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) construction of ontologically grounded KGs with fully customizable knowledge representation. The ecosystem includes KG construction resources (e.g., data preparation APIs), analysis tools (e.g., SPARQL endpoints and abstraction algorithms), and benchmarks (e.g., prebuilt KGs and embeddings). We evaluated the ecosystem by systematically comparing it to existing open-source KG construction methods and by analyzing its computational performance when used to construct 12 large-scale KGs. With flexible knowledge representation, PheKnowLator enables fully customizable KGs without compromising performance or usability.
- Published
- 2023
34. Comment on 'Light-induced melting of competing stripe orders without introducing superconductivity in La$_{1.875}$Ba$_{0.125}$CuO$_4$' (arXiv:2306.07869v1)
- Author
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Nicoletti, D., Buzzi, M., Först, M., and Cavalleri, A.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
In the manuscript arXiv:2306.07869v1, N. L. Wang and co-authors report the results of a near-infrared pump / terahertz probe study in the stripe-ordered cuprate La$_{1.875}$Ba$_{0.125}$CuO$_4$. They measured a change in optical conductivity, but did not find signatures of transient superconductivity. From this observation they extrapolate that in all cuprates in which striped states have been excited with light, there must be no light-induced superconductivity. They conclude that "transient superconductivity cannot be induced by melting of the competing stripe orders with pump pulses whose photon energy is much higher than the superconducting gap of cuprates." Here we show that this extrapolation is unwarranted. First, the absence of light-induced superconductivity in this particular compound was already reported in a previous paper, which instead showed positive evidence for La$_{1.885}$Ba$_{0.115}$CuO$_4$. In addition, the experiment discussed here used photo-excitation with too low fluence and at a suboptimal wavelength. More broadly, a negative result in one compound is rarely compelling indication of the absence of an effect in an entire class of materials., Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, comment on arXiv:2306.07869v1
- Published
- 2023
35. Strongly-Correlated Electron-Photon Systems
- Author
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Bloch, Jacqueline, Cavalleri, Andrea, Galitski, Victor, Hafezi, Mohammad, and Rubio, Angel
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
An important goal of modern condensed matter physics involves the search for states of matter with new emergent properties and desirable functionalities. Although the tools for material design remain relatively limited, notable advances have been recently achieved by controlling interactions at hetero-interfaces, precise alignment of low-dimensional materials and the use of extreme pressures . Here, we highlight a new paradigm, based on controlling light-matter interactions, which provides a new way to manipulate and synthesize strongly correlated quantum matter. We consider the case in which both electron-electron and electron-photon interactions are strong and give rise to a variety of novel phenomena. Photon-mediated superconductivity, cavity-fractional quantum Hall physics and optically driven topological phenomena in low dimensions are amongst the frontiers discussed in this perspective, which puts a spotlight on a new field that we term here "strongly-correlated electron-photon science.", Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures
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- 2023
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36. Human glioblastoma-derived cell membrane nanovesicles: a novel, cell-specific strategy for boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors
- Author
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Balboni, Alice, Ailuno, Giorgia, Baldassari, Sara, Drava, Giuliana, Petretto, Andrea, Grinovero, Nicole, Cavalleri, Ornella, Angeli, Elena, Lagomarsino, Andrea, Canepa, Paolo, Corsaro, Alessandro, Tremonti, Beatrice, Barbieri, Federica, Thellung, Stefano, Contini, Paola, Cortese, Katia, Florio, Tullio, and Caviglioli, Gabriele
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
37. “How long is life worth living for the horse?” A focus group study on how Austrian equine stakeholders assess quality of life for chronically ill or old horses
- Author
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Long, Mariessa, Grimm, Herwig, Jenner, Florien, Cavalleri, Jessika-M. V., and Springer, Svenja
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Comparison of “IN-REC-SUR-E” and LISA in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial (IN-REC-LISA trial)
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Vento, Giovanni, Paladini, Angela, Aurilia, C., Ozdemir, S. Alkan, Carnielli, V. P., Cools, F., Costa, S., Cota, F., Dani, C., Davis, P. G., Fattore, S., Fè, C., Finer, N., Fusco, F. P., Gizzi, C., Herting, E., Jian, M., Lio, A., Lista, G., Mosca, F., Nobile, S., Perri, A., Picone, S., Pillow, J. J., Polglase, G., Pasciuto, T., Pastorino, R., Tana, M., Tingay, D., Tirone, C., van Kaam, A. H., Ventura, M. L., Aceti, A., Agosti, M., Alighieri, G., Ancora, G., Angileri, V., Ausanio, G., Aversa, S., Balestri, E., Baraldi, E., Barbini, M. C., Barone, C., Beghini, R., Bellan, C., Berardi, A., Bernardo, I., Betta, P., Binotti, M., Bizzarri, B., Borgarello, G., Borgione, S., Borrelli, A., Bottino, R., Bracaglia, G., Bresesti, I., Burattini, I., Cacace, C., Calzolari, F., Campagnoli, M. F., Capasso, L., Capozza, M., Capretti, M. G., Caravetta, J., Carbonara, C., Cardilli, V., Carta, M., Castoldi, F., Castronovo, A., Cavalleri, E., Cavigioli, F., Cecchi, S., Chierici, V., Cimino, C., Cocca, F., Cocca, C., Cogo, P., Coma, M., Comito, V., Condò, V., Consigli, C., Conti, R., Corradi, M., Corsello, G., Corvaglia, L. T., Costa, A., Coscia, A., Cresi, F., Crispino, F., D’Amico, P., De Cosmo, L., De Maio, C., Del Campo, G., Di Credico, S., Di Fabio, S., Di Nicola, P., Di Paolo, A., Di Valerio, S., Distilo, A., Duca, V., Falcone, A., Falsaperla, R., Fasolato, V. A., Fatuzzo, V., Favini, F., Ferrarello, M. P., Ferrari, S., Nastro, F. Fiori, Forcellini, C. A., Fracchiolla, A., Gabriele, A., Galdo, F., Gallini, F., Gangemi, A., Gargano, G., Gazzolo, D., Gentile, M. P., Ghirardello, S., Giardina, F., Giordano, L., Gitto, E., Giuffrè, M., Grappone, L., Grasso, F., Greco, I., Grison, A., Guglielmino, R., Guidotti, I., Guzzo, I., La Forgia, N., La Placa, S., La Torre, G., Lago, P., Lanciotti, L., Lavizzari, A., Leo, F., Leonardi, V., Lestingi, D., Li, J., Liberatore, P., Lodin, D., Lubrano, R., Lucente, M., Luciani, S., Luvarà, D., Maffei, G., Maggio, A., Maggio, L., Maiolo, K., Malaigia, L., Mangili, G., Manna, A., Maranella, E., Marciano, A., Marcozzi, P., Marletta, M., Marseglia, L., Martinelli, D., Martinelli, S., Massari, S., Massenzi, L., Matina, F., Mattia, L., Mescoli, G., Migliore, I. V., Minghetti, D., Mondello, I., Montano, S., Morandi, G., Mores, N., Morreale, S., Morselli, I., Motta, M., Napolitano, M., Nardo, D., Nicolardi, A., Nider, S., Nigro, G., Nuccio, M., Orfeo, L., Ottaviano, C., Paganin, P., Palamides, S., Palatta, S., Paolillo, P., Pappalardo, M. G., Pasta, E., Patti, L., Paviotti, G., Perniola, R., Perotti, G., Perrone, S., Petrillo, F., Piazza, M. S., Piccirillo, A., Pierro, M., Piga, E., Pingitore, G. A., Pisu, S., Pittini, C., Pontiggia, F., Pontrelli, G., Primavera, A., Proto, A., Quartulli, L., Raimondi, F., Ramenghi, L., Rapsomaniki, M., Ricotti, A., Rigotti, C., Rinaldi, M., Risso, F. M., Roma, E., Romanini, E., Romano, V., Rosati, E., Rosella, V., Rulli, I., Salvo, V., Sanfilippo, C., Sannia, A., Saporito, A., Sauna, A., Scapillati, E., Schettini, F., Scorrano, A., Mantelli, S. Semeria, Sepporta, V., Sindico, P., Solinas, A., Sorrentino, E., Spaggiari, E., Staffler, A., Stella, M., Termini, D., Terrin, G., Testa, A., Tina, G., Tirantello, M., Tomasini, B., Tormena, F., Travan, L., Trevisanuto, D., Tuling, G., Tulino, V., Valenzano, L., Vedovato, S., Vendramin, S., Villani, P. E., Viola, S., Viola, V., Vitaliti, G., Vitaliti, M., Wanker, P., Yang, Y., Zanetta, S., and Zannin, E.
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- 2024
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39. Correction: Colorectal carcinoma peritoneal metastases‑derived organoids: results and perspective of a model for tailoring hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy from bench‑to‑bedside
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Varinelli, Luca, Battistessa, Davide, Guaglio, Marcello, Zanutto, Susanna, Illescas, Oscar, Lorenc, Ewelina J., Pisati, Federica, Kusamura, Shigeki, Cattaneo, Laura, Sabella, Giovanna, Milione, Massimo, Perbellini, Alessia, Noci, Sara, Paolino, Cinzia, Kuhn, Elisabetta, Galassi, Margherita, Cavalleri, Tommaso, Deraco, Marcello, Gariboldi, Manuela, and Baratti, Dario
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- 2024
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40. Potent drug delivery enhancement of betulinic acid and NVX-207 into equine skin in vitro – a comparison between a novel oxygen flow-assisted transdermal application device and microemulsion gels
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Zscherpe, Paula, Kalbitz, Jutta, Weber, Lisa A., Paschke, Reinhard, Mäder, Karsten, von Rechenberg, Brigitte, Cavalleri, Jessika-M. V., Meißner, Jessica, and Klein, Karina
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- 2024
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41. Sensory nerve conduction stimulus threshold measurements of the infraorbital nerve and its applicability as a diagnostic tool in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking
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Nessler, Jasmin Nicole, Delarocque, Julien, Kloock, Tanja, Twele, Lara, Neudeck, Stephan, Meyerhoff, Nina, Riese, Franziska, Cavalleri, Jessica-M. V., Tipold, Andrea, Feige, Karsten, and Niebuhr, Tobias
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- 2024
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42. Colorectal carcinoma peritoneal metastases-derived organoids: results and perspective of a model for tailoring hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy from bench-to-bedside
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Varinelli, Luca, Battistessa, Davide, Guaglio, Marcello, Zanutto, Susanna, Illescas, Oscar, Lorenc, Ewelina J., Pisati, Federica, Kusamura, Shigeki, Cattaneo, Laura, Sabella, Giovanna, Milione, Massimo, Perbellini, Alessia, Noci, Sara, Paolino, Cinzia, Kuhn, Elisabetta, Galassi, Margherita, Cavalleri, Tommaso, Deraco, Marcello, Gariboldi, Manuela, and Baratti, Dario
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- 2024
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43. Cerebral autoregulation in traumatic brain injury: ultra-low-frequency pressure reactivity index and intracranial pressure across age groups
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Gritti, Paolo, Bonfanti, Marco, Zangari, Rosalia, Bonanomi, Ezio, Farina, Alessia, Pezzetti, Giulio, Pelliccioli, Isabella, Longhi, Luca, Di Matteo, Maria, Viscone, Andrea, Lando, Gabriele, Cavalleri, Gaia, Gerevini, Simonetta, Biroli, Francesco, and Lorini, Ferdinando Luca
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- 2024
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44. Quenched lattice fluctuations in optically driven SrTiO3
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Fechner, M., Först, M., Orenstein, G., Krapivin, V., Disa, A. S., Buzzi, M., von Hoegen, A., de la Pena, G., Nguyen, Q. L., Mankowsky, R., Sander, M., Lemke, H., Deng, Y., Trigo, M., and Cavalleri, A.
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- 2024
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45. Bipolar Disorder: Identity, Social Support, Religiosity and Spirituality. Can Religiosity/Spirituality be a Mood Balancing Factor? An Italian Case Report
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Santambrogio, Jacopo, Maissen, Jessica, Calini, Cosima, Filippo, Maria Cristina, Frigerio, Roberto, Rampin, Roberto, Locorotondo, Giovanna, Pontiggia, Adriana, Riboldi, Stefania, Chiorazzo, Rossella, Amatulli, Antonio, De Berardis, Domenico, Clerici, Massimo, Milani, Simona, and Cavalleri, Pietro Riccardo
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- 2024
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46. Metastable Photo-Induced Superconductivity far above $T_{\textrm{c}}$
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Chattopadhyay, Sambuddha, Eckhardt, Christian J., Kennes, Dante M., Sentef, Michael A., Shin, Dongbin, Rubio, Angel, Cavalleri, Andrea, Demler, Eugene A., and Michael, Marios H.
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
Inspired by the striking discovery of metastable superconductivity in $\mathrm{K}_3\mathrm{C}_{60}$ at 100K, far above $T_{\textrm{c}}=20K$, we discuss possible mechanisms for long-lived, photo-induced superconductivity. Starting from a model of optically-driven Raman phonons coupled to inter-band electronic transitions, we develop a microscopic mechanism for photo-controlling the pairing interaction. Leveraging this mechanism, we first investigate long-lived superconductivity arising from the thermodynamic metastable trapping of the driven phonon. We then propose an alternative route, where the superconducting gap created by an optical drive leads to a dynamical bottleneck in the equilibration of quasi-particles. We conclude by discussing implications of both scenarios for experiments that can be used to discriminate between them. Our work provides falsifiable explanations for the nanosecond-scale photo-induced superconductivity found in $\mathrm{K}_3\mathrm{C}_{60}$, while simultaneously offering a theoretical basis for exploring metastable superconductivity in other quantum materials., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures; significant update from v1
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- 2023
47. Comment on arXiv:2210.01114: Optical Saturation Produces Spurious Evidence for Photoinduced Superconductivity in K$_3$C$_{60}$
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Buzzi, M., Nicoletti, D., Rowe, E., Wang, E., and Cavalleri, A.
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Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
In the manuscript arXiv:2210.01114, Dodge and co-authors discuss the influence of pump-probe profile deformations on the reconstructed non-equilibrium optical conductivity of K$_3$C$_{60}$. They state that when pump-induced saturation of the probe response is taken into account, the reconstructed optical properties are not superconducting-like, as was claimed in a number of experimental reports by our group. We show here that the conclusion reached by Dodge et al. is unjustified. In fact, independent of the specific model, including the problematic saturation profile proposed by the authors, the reconstructed optical properties are those of a finite temperature superconductor. The true fingerprint of superconductivity, which is the $1/\omega$ divergence of the imaginary conductivity, $\sigma_{2}(\omega)$, is retained and is virtually independent of the chosen model. The only model-dependent feature is the degree of gapping in $\sigma_{1}(\omega)$. In all cases the extracted optical properties reflect the presence of residual quasiparticles, which at finite temperatures are inevitably present alongside the superfluid., Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, comment on arXiv:2210.01114
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- 2023
48. Generation of narrowband, high-intensity, carrier-envelope phase-stable pulses tunable between 4 and 18 THz
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Liu Biaolong, Först Michael, Bromberger Hubertus, Cartella Andrea, Gebert Thomas, and Cavalleri Andrea
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Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of narrowband (
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- 2019
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49. Subclinical infection and potential shedding routes of equine parvovirus‐hepatitis among hospitalized horses in Austria
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Dilara Lale, Esther E. Dirks, Irina Preining, Manolis Lyrakis, Andre Gömer, Eike Steinmann, Jessika‐M. V. Cavalleri, and Anna Sophie Ramsauer
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hepatic viruses ,horizontal transmission ,horse ,hospital hygiene ,prevalence ,Theiler's disease ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV‐H) can cause Theiler's disease and subclinical hepatitis in horses. Objectives Assess the frequency of subclinical EqPV‐H infection in hospitalized horses and to study viral transmission by investigating potential shedding routes. Animals One hundred sixteen equids, that presented to the University Equine Hospital of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna between February 2021 and March 2022, for causes other than hepatopathy. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, samples (serum, feces, nasal, and buccal swabs) of hospitalized horses were collected. Sera were screened for the presence of anti‐EqPV‐H antibodies by a luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay. Quantitative PCR was used for the detection of EqPV‐H DNA in the samples and a nested PCR was used for further validation. Results Seroprevalence was 10.3% (12/116) and viremia occurred in 12.9% (15/116) of the serologically positive horses. The detected viral load in serum varied from non‐quantifiable amount to 1.3 × 106 genome equivalents per milliliter of serum. A low viral load of EqPV‐H DNA was detected in 2 nasal swabs and 1 fecal sample. Conclusion and Clinical Importance EqPV‐H DNA was detected in nasal secretions and feces of viremic horses, which could pose a risk to naive hospitalized horses. It is advisable to screen hospitalized horses that are potential donors of blood or plasma to reduce the risk of iatrogenic EqPV‐H transmission.
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- 2024
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50. Comparison of 'IN-REC-SUR-E' and LISA in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial (IN-REC-LISA trial)
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Giovanni Vento, Angela Paladini, C. Aurilia, S. Alkan Ozdemir, V. P. Carnielli, F. Cools, S. Costa, F. Cota, C. Dani, P. G. Davis, S. Fattore, C. Fè, N. Finer, F. P. Fusco, C. Gizzi, E. Herting, M. Jian, A. Lio, G. Lista, F. Mosca, S. Nobile, A. Perri, S. Picone, J. J. Pillow, G. Polglase, T. Pasciuto, R. Pastorino, M. Tana, D. Tingay, C. Tirone, A. H. van Kaam, M. L. Ventura, A. Aceti, M. Agosti, G. Alighieri, G. Ancora, V. Angileri, G. Ausanio, S. Aversa, E. Balestri, E. Baraldi, M. C. Barbini, C. Barone, R. Beghini, C. Bellan, A. Berardi, I. Bernardo, P. Betta, M. Binotti, B. Bizzarri, G. Borgarello, S. Borgione, A. Borrelli, R. Bottino, G. Bracaglia, I. Bresesti, I. Burattini, C. Cacace, F. Calzolari, M. F. Campagnoli, L. Capasso, M. Capozza, M. G. Capretti, J. Caravetta, C. Carbonara, V. Cardilli, M. Carta, F. Castoldi, A. Castronovo, E. Cavalleri, F. Cavigioli, S. Cecchi, V. Chierici, C. Cimino, F. Cocca, C. Cocca, P. Cogo, M. Coma, V. Comito, V. Condò, C. Consigli, R. Conti, M. Corradi, G. Corsello, L. T. Corvaglia, A. Costa, A. Coscia, F. Cresi, F. Crispino, P. D’Amico, L. De Cosmo, C. De Maio, G. Del Campo, S. Di Credico, S. Di Fabio, P. Di Nicola, A. Di Paolo, S. Di Valerio, A. Distilo, V. Duca, A. Falcone, R. Falsaperla, V. A. Fasolato, V. Fatuzzo, F. Favini, M. P. Ferrarello, S. Ferrari, F. Fiori Nastro, C. A. Forcellini, A. Fracchiolla, A. Gabriele, F. Galdo, F. Gallini, A. Gangemi, G. Gargano, D. Gazzolo, M. P. Gentile, S. Ghirardello, F. Giardina, L. Giordano, E. Gitto, M. Giuffrè, L. Grappone, F. Grasso, I. Greco, A. Grison, R. Guglielmino, I. Guidotti, I. Guzzo, N. La Forgia, S. La Placa, G. La Torre, P. Lago, L. Lanciotti, A. Lavizzari, F. Leo, V. Leonardi, D. Lestingi, J. Li, P. Liberatore, D. Lodin, R. Lubrano, M. Lucente, S. Luciani, D. Luvarà, G. Maffei, A. Maggio, L. Maggio, K. Maiolo, L. Malaigia, G. Mangili, A. Manna, E. Maranella, A. Marciano, P. Marcozzi, M. Marletta, L. Marseglia, D. Martinelli, S. Martinelli, S. Massari, L. Massenzi, F. Matina, L. Mattia, G. Mescoli, I. V. Migliore, D. Minghetti, I. Mondello, S. Montano, G. Morandi, N. Mores, S. Morreale, I. Morselli, M. Motta, M. Napolitano, D. Nardo, A. Nicolardi, S. Nider, G. Nigro, M. Nuccio, L. Orfeo, C. Ottaviano, P. Paganin, S. Palamides, S. Palatta, P. Paolillo, M. G. Pappalardo, E. Pasta, L. Patti, G. Paviotti, R. Perniola, G. Perotti, S. Perrone, F. Petrillo, M. S. Piazza, A. Piccirillo, M. Pierro, E. Piga, G. A. Pingitore, S. Pisu, C. Pittini, F. Pontiggia, G. Pontrelli, A. Primavera, A. Proto, L. Quartulli, F. Raimondi, L. Ramenghi, M. Rapsomaniki, A. Ricotti, C. Rigotti, M. Rinaldi, F. M. Risso, E. Roma, E. Romanini, V. Romano, E. Rosati, V. Rosella, I. Rulli, V. Salvo, C. Sanfilippo, A. Sannia, A. Saporito, A. Sauna, E. Scapillati, F. Schettini, A. Scorrano, S. Semeria Mantelli, V. Sepporta, P. Sindico, A. Solinas, E. Sorrentino, E. Spaggiari, A. Staffler, M. Stella, D. Termini, G. Terrin, A. Testa, G. Tina, M. Tirantello, B. Tomasini, F. Tormena, L. Travan, D. Trevisanuto, G. Tuling, V. Tulino, L. Valenzano, S. Vedovato, S. Vendramin, P. E. Villani, S. Viola, V. Viola, G. Vitaliti, M. Vitaliti, P. Wanker, Y. Yang, S. Zanetta, and E. Zannin
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Preterm infants ,Lung recruitment ,HFOV ,INRECSURE ,LISA ,Surfactant ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Surfactant is a well-established therapy for preterm neonates affected by respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The goals of different methods of surfactant administration are to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); however, the optimal administration method remains unknown. This study compares the effectiveness of the INtubate-RECruit-SURfactant-Extubate (IN-REC-SUR-E) technique with the less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA) technique, in increasing BPD-free survival of preterm infants. This is an international unblinded multicenter randomized controlled study in which preterm infants will be randomized into two groups to receive IN-REC-SUR-E or LISA surfactant administration. Methods In this study, 382 infants born at 24+0–27+6 weeks’ gestation, not intubated in the delivery room and failing nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) during the first 24 h of life, will be randomized 1:1 to receive IN-REC-SUR-E or LISA surfactant administration. The primary outcome is a composite outcome of death or BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age. The secondary outcomes are BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age; death; pulse oximetry/fraction of inspired oxygen; severe intraventricular hemorrhage; pneumothorax; duration of respiratory support and oxygen therapy; pulmonary hemorrhage; patent ductus arteriosus undergoing treatment; percentage of infants receiving more doses of surfactant; periventricular leukomalacia, severe retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis; total in-hospital stay; systemic postnatal steroids; neurodevelopmental outcomes; and respiratory function testing at 24 months of age. Randomization will be centrally provided using both stratification and permuted blocks with random block sizes and block order. Stratification factors will include center and gestational age (24+0 to 25+6 weeks or 26+0 to 27+6 weeks). Analyses will be conducted in both intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations, utilizing a log-binomial regression model that corrects for stratification factors to estimate the adjusted relative risk (RR). Discussion This trial is designed to provide robust data on the best method of surfactant administration in spontaneously breathing preterm infants born at 24+0–27+6 weeks’ gestation affected by RDS and failing nCPAP or NIPPV during the first 24 h of life, comparing IN-REC-SUR-E to LISA technique, in increasing BPD-free survival at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age of life. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05711966. Registered on February 3, 2023.
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- 2024
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