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8. A pilot experience with permanent biventricular pacing to treat advanced heart failure

Author

Philippe Ritter, Christophe Leclercq, A. Lazarus, Daniel Gras, Philippe Mabo, Jean-Claude Daubert, Cazeau S, and Christine Alonso

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Heart Ventricles, medicine.medical_treatment, Hemodynamics, Pilot Projects, Severity of Illness Index, Ventricular Function, Left, Electrocardiography, Quality of life, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, cardiovascular diseases, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Heart Failure, Heart transplantation, business.industry, Mortality rate, Cardiac Pacing, Artificial, Stroke Volume, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Myocardial Contraction, United States, Survival Rate, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Echocardiography, Heart failure, Cardiology, Heart Transplantation, Female, Functional status, Intraventricular conduction delay, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Background The prognosis and quality of life of patients with advanced heart failure remain poor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate new nonpharmacologic approaches. Biventricular pacing was proposed in this indication, based on the encouraging results of acute hemodynamics studies. Methods Fifty patients with drug-resistant heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III/IV, 16 of 34) were consecutively implanted with biventricular pacemakers. All patients had severe dilated cardiomyopathy and intraventricular conduction delay. Survival, NYHA class, electrocardiogram, echocardiographic data, and exercise tolerance were assessed over a mean follow-up period of 15.4 ± 10.2 months. Results At the end of follow-up, 55% of patients were alive without heart transplantation or left ventricular assistance device. The mortality rate was significantly lower in class III (12.5%) than in class IV patients (52.5%). In survivors, biventricular pacing significantly improved symptoms (NYHA class 2.2 ± 0.5 at follow-up vs 3.7 ± 0.5 at baseline) and exercise tolerance ( · VO 2 peak 15.5 ± 3.4 mL/min per kilogram at follow-up vs 11.1 ± 3 mL/min per kilogram at baseline). Conclusions Biventricular pacing appears to improve the functional status of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy with advanced heart failure. The technique appears to be attractive as an additive treatment, especially in class III patients. Controlled randomized studies are needed to validate this novel concept. (Am Heart J 2000;140:862-70.)

Published
2000
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9. 2012 EHRA/HRS expert consensus statement on cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure: implant and follow-up recommendations and management

Author

Daubert, J.C., Saxon, L., Adamson, P.B., Auricchio, A., Berger, R.D., Beshai, J.F., Breithard, O., Brignole, M., Cleland, J., DeLurgio, D.B., Dickstein, K., Exner, D.V., Gold, M., Grimm, R.A., Hayes, D.L., Israel, C., Leclercq, C., Linde, C., Lindenfeld, J., Merkely, B., Mont, L., Murgatroyd, F., Prinzen, F., Saba, S.F., Shinbane, J.S., Singh, J., Tang, A.S., Vardas, P.E., Wilkoff, B.L., Zamorano, J.L., Anand, I., Blomstroem-Lundqvist, C., Boehmer, J.P., Calkins, H., Cazeau, S., Delgado, V., Estes, N.A.M., Haines, D., Kusumoto, F., Leyva, P., Ruschitzka, F., Stevenson, L.W., Torp-Pedersen, C.T., Task Force Chairs, Writing Committee Members, and Peer Reviewers

Subjects
Cardiac resynchronization therapy, Non-responder, Follow-up, CRT, Consensus recommendations
Published
2012

13. Poster Session 4

Author

Tada, H., primary, Yamasaki, H., additional, Sekiguchi, Y., additional, Igarashi, M., additional, Kuroki, K., additional, Machino, T., additional, Yoshida, K., additional, Aonuma, K., additional, Heinzel, F. R., additional, Forstner, H., additional, Lercher, P., additional, Bisping, E., additional, Rotman, B., additional, Fruhwald, F. M., additional, Pieske, B. M., additional, Dabrowski, R., additional, Kowalik, I., additional, Borowiec, A., additional, Smolis-Bak, E., additional, Trybuch, A., additional, Sosnowski, C., additional, Szwed, H., additional, Baturova, M. A., additional, Lindgren, A., additional, Shubik, Y. V., additional, Olsson, B., additional, Platonov, P. G., additional, Van Den Broek, K. C., additional, Denollet, J., additional, Widdershoven, J., additional, Kupper, N., additional, Allam, R., additional, Allam, R. A. G. A. B., additional, Galal, W. A. G. D. Y., additional, El-Damnhoury, H. A. Y. A. M., additional, Mortada, A. Y. M. A. N., additional, Jimenez-Candil, J., additional, Martin, A., additional, Hernandez, J., additional, Martin, F., additional, Gallego, M., additional, Martin-Luengo, C., additional, Quintanilla, J. G., additional, Moreno Planas, J., additional, Molina-Morua, R., additional, Archondo, T., additional, Garcia-Torrent, M. J., additional, Perez-Castellano, N., additional, Macaya, C., additional, Perez-Villacastin, J., additional, Saiz, J., additional, Tobon, C., additional, Rodriguez, J. F., additional, Hornero, F., additional, Ferrero, J. M., additional, Ito, K., additional, Date, T., additional, Kawai, M., additional, Hioki, M., additional, Narui, R., additional, Matsuo, S., additional, Yoshimura, M., additional, Yamane, T., additional, Tabatabaei, N., additional, Lin, G., additional, Powell, B. D., additional, Smairat, R., additional, Glockner, J. F., additional, Brady, P. A., additional, Fichtner, S., additional, Czudnochowsky, U., additional, Estner, H., additional, Reents, T., additional, Jilek, C., additional, Ammar, S., additional, Hessling, G., additional, Deisenhofer, I., additional, Shah, D. C., additional, Kautzner, J., additional, Saoudi, N., additional, Herrera, C., additional, Jais, P., additional, Hindricks, G., additional, Neuzil, P., additional, Kuck, K. H., additional, Wong, K. C. K., additional, Jones, M., additional, Qureshi, N., additional, Muthumala, A., additional, Betts, T. R., additional, Bashir, Y., additional, Rajappan, K., additional, Vogtmann, T., additional, Wagner, M., additional, Schurig, J., additional, Hein, P., additional, Hamm, B., additional, Baumann, G., additional, Lembcke, A., additional, Saad, B., additional, Slater, C., additional, Oliveira, L. A., additional, Elias, R., additional, Camiletti, A., additional, Moura, D., additional, Maldonado, P., additional, Camanho, L. E., additional, Bulava, A., additional, Hanis, J., additional, Sitek, D., additional, Novotny, A., additional, Chik, W. B., additional, Lim, T. W., additional, Choon, H. K., additional, See, V. A., additional, Mccall, R., additional, Thomas, L., additional, Ross, D. L., additional, Thomas, S. P., additional, Chen, J., additional, De Bortoli, A., additional, Rossvoll, O., additional, Hoff, P. I., additional, Solheim, E., additional, Sun, L. Z., additional, Schuster, P., additional, Ohm, O. J., additional, Ardashev, A. V., additional, Zhelyakov, E., additional, Rybachenko, M. S., additional, Konev, A. V., additional, Belenkov, Y. U. N., additional, Gunawardene, M., additional, Chun, K. R. J., additional, Schulte-Hahn, B., additional, Windhorst, V., additional, Kulikoglu, M., additional, Nowak, B., additional, Schmidt, B., additional, Albina, G. A., additional, Rivera, R. S., additional, Scazzuso, F., additional, Laino, R. L., additional, Giniger, G. A., additional, Arbelo, E., additional, Calvo, N., additional, Tamborero, D., additional, Andreu, D., additional, Borras, R., additional, Berruezo, A., additional, Brugada, J., additional, Mont, L., additional, Stefan, L., additional, Eisenberger, M., additional, Celentano, E., additional, Peytchev, P., additional, Bodea, O., additional, Geelen, P., additional, De Potter, T., additional, Oliveira, M. M., additional, Silva, N., additional, Cunha, P. S., additional, Feliciano, J., additional, Lousinha, A., additional, Toste, A., additional, Santos, S., additional, Ferreira, R. C., additional, Matsuda, H., additional, Harada, T., additional, Soejima, K., additional, Ishikawa, Y., additional, Mizukoshi, K., additional, Sasaki, T., additional, Mizuno, K., additional, Miyake, F., additional, Adragao, P. P., additional, Cavaco, D., additional, Miranda, R., additional, Santos, M., additional, Morgado, F., additional, Reis Santos, K., additional, Candeias, R., additional, Marcelino, S., additional, Zoppo, F., additional, Grandolino, G., additional, Zerbo, F., additional, Bertaglia, E., additional, Schlueter, S. M., additional, Grebe, O., additional, Vester, E. G., additional, Miracle Blanco, A. L., additional, Arenal Maiz, A., additional, Atienza Fernandez, F., additional, Datino Romaniega, T., additional, Gonzalez Torrecilla, E., additional, Eidelman, G., additional, Hernandez Hernandez, J., additional, Fernandez Aviles, F., additional, Fukumoto, K., additional, Takatsuki, S., additional, Kimura, T., additional, Nishiyama, N., additional, Aizawa, Y., additional, Sato, T., additional, Miyoshi, S., additional, Fukuda, K., additional, Richter, B., additional, Gwechenberger, M., additional, Socas, A., additional, Zorn, G., additional, Albinni, S., additional, Marx, M., additional, Wojta, J., additional, Goessinger, H., additional, Deneke, T., additional, Balta, O., additional, Paesler, M., additional, Buenz, K., additional, Anders, H., additional, Horlitz, M., additional, Muegge, A., additional, Shin, D.- I., additional, Natsuyama, K., additional, Yamaguchi, K. M., additional, Nishida, Y. N., additional, Kosiuk, J., additional, Bode, K., additional, Arya, A., additional, Piorkowski, C., additional, Gaspar, T., additional, Sommer, P., additional, Bollmann, A., additional, Wichterle, D., additional, Peichl, P., additional, Simek, J., additional, Havranek, S., additional, Bulkova, V., additional, Cihak, R., additional, Jurado Roman, A., additional, Salguero Bodes, R., additional, Lopez Gil, M., additional, Fontenla Cerezuela, A., additional, De Riva Silva, M., additional, Arribas Ynsaurriaga, F., additional, Fernandez Herranz, A. I., additional, De Dios Perez, S., additional, Revishvili, A. S., additional, Dishekov, M., additional, Tembotova, Z., additional, Barsamyan, S., additional, Vaccari, D., additional, Alvarenga, C., additional, Jesus, I., additional, Layher, J., additional, Takahashi, A., additional, Singh, N., additional, Siot, P., additional, Elkaim, J. P., additional, Savelieva, I., additional, Mcclelland, L., additional, Lovegrove, A., additional, Jones, S., additional, Camm, J., additional, Folino, A. F., additional, Breda, R., additional, Calzavara, P., additional, Comisso, J., additional, Borghetti, F., additional, Iliceto, S., additional, Buja, G., additional, Mlynarski, R., additional, Mlynarska, A., additional, Sosnowski, M., additional, Wilczek, J., additional, Mabo, P., additional, Carrault, G., additional, Bordachar, P., additional, Makdissi, A., additional, Duchemin, L., additional, Alonso, C., additional, Neri, G., additional, Masaro, G., additional, Vittadello, S., additional, Gardin, A., additional, Barbetta, A., additional, Di Gregorio, F., additional, Sciaraffia, E., additional, Ginks, M. R., additional, Gustafsson, J. S., additional, Hollmark, M. C., additional, Rinaldi, C. A., additional, Blomstrom Lundqvist, C., additional, Brusich, S., additional, Tomasic, D., additional, Ferek-Petric, B., additional, Mavric, Z., additional, Kutarski, A., additional, Malecka, B., additional, Kolodzinska, A., additional, Grabowski, M., additional, Dovellini, E. V., additional, Giurlani, L., additional, Cerisano, G., additional, Carrabba, N., additional, Valenti, R., additional, Antoniucci, D., additional, Opolski, G., additional, Tomassoni, G., additional, Baker, J., additional, Corbisiero, R., additional, Martin, D., additional, Niazi, I., additional, Sheppard, R., additional, Sperzel, J., additional, Gutleben, K., additional, Petru, J., additional, Sediva, L., additional, Skoda, J., additional, Mazzone, P., additional, Ciconte, G., additional, Vergara, P., additional, Marzi, A., additional, Paglino, G., additional, Sora, N., additional, Gulletta, S., additional, Della Bella, P., additional, Pietura, R., additional, Czajkowski, M., additional, Cabanelas, N., additional, Martins, V. P., additional, Alves, M., additional, Valente, F. X., additional, Marta, L., additional, Francisco, A., additional, Silva, R., additional, Ferreira Da Silva, G., additional, Huo, Y., additional, Holmqvist, F., additional, Carlson, J., additional, Wetzel, U., additional, Platonov, P., additional, Nof, E., additional, Abu Shama, R., additional, Kuperstein, R., additional, Feinberg, M. S., additional, Eldar, M., additional, Glikson, M., additional, Luria, D., additional, Kubus, P., additional, Materna, O., additional, Gebauer, R. A., additional, Matejka, T., additional, Gebauer, R., additional, Tlaskal, T., additional, Janousek, J., additional, Muessigbrodt, A., additional, Richter, S., additional, Stockburger, M., additional, Boveda, S., additional, Defaye, P., additional, Stancak Branislav, P., additional, Kaliska, G., additional, Rolando, M., additional, Moreno, J., additional, Ohlow, M.- A. G., additional, Lauer, B., additional, Buchter, B., additional, Schreiber, M., additional, Geller, J. C., additional, Val-Mejias, J. E., additional, Ouali, S., additional, Azzez, S., additional, Kacem, S., additional, Ben Salem, H., additional, Hammas, S., additional, Neffeti, E., additional, Remedi, F., additional, Boughzela, E., additional, Miyazaki, H., additional, Miyanaga, S., additional, Shibayama, K., additional, Tokuda, M., additional, Kudo, T., additional, Coppola, B., additional, Shehada, R. E. N., additional, Costandi, P., additional, Healey, J., additional, Hohnloser, S. H., additional, Gold, M. R., additional, Capucci, A., additional, Van Gelder, I. C., additional, Carlson, M., additional, Lau, C. P., additional, Connolly, S. J., additional, Bogaard, M. D., additional, Leenders, G. E., additional, Maskara, B., additional, Tuinenburg, A. E., additional, Loh, P., additional, Hauer, R. N., additional, Doevendans, P. A., additional, Meine, M., additional, Thibault, B., additional, Dubuc, M., additional, Karst, E., additional, Ryu, K., additional, Paiement, P., additional, Farazi, T., additional, Puetz, V., additional, Berndt, C., additional, Buchholz, J., additional, Dorszewski, A., additional, Mornos, C., additional, Cozma, D., additional, Ionac, A., additional, Petrescu, L., additional, Mornos, A., additional, Pescariu, S., additional, Benser, M., additional, Roscoe, G., additional, De Jong, S., additional, Roberts, G., additional, Boileau, P., additional, Rec, A., additional, Folman, C., additional, Morttada, A., additional, Abd El Kader, M., additional, Samir, R., additional, Roushdy, R., additional, Khaled, S., additional, Abo El Maaty, M., additional, Van Gelder, B., additional, Houthuizen, P., additional, Bracke, F. A., additional, Osca Asensi, J., additional, Tejada, D., additional, Sanchez, J. M., additional, Munoz, B., additional, Cano, O., additional, Rodriguez, M., additional, Sancho-Tello, M. J., additional, Olague, J., additional, Hou, W., additional, Rosenberg, S., additional, Koh, S., additional, Poore, J., additional, Snell, J., additional, Yang, M., additional, Nirav, D., additional, Bornzin, G., additional, Deering, T., additional, Dan, D., additional, Wickliffe, A. C., additional, Cazeau, S., additional, Karimzadeh, K., additional, Mukerji, S., additional, Loghin, C., additional, Kantharia, B., additional, Jones, M. A., additional, Lamba, J., additional, Simpson, C. S., additional, Redfearn, D. P., additional, Michael, K. A., additional, Fitzpatrick, M., additional, Baranchuk, A., additional, Heinke, M., additional, Ismer, B., additional, Kuehnert, H., additional, Surber, R., additional, Haltenberger, A. M., additional, Prochnau, D., additional, Figulla, H. R., additional, Delarche, N., additional, Bizeau, O., additional, Couderc, P., additional, Chapelet, A., additional, Amara, W., additional, Lazarus, A., additional, Krupickova, S., additional, Van Deursen, C. J. M., additional, Strik, M., additional, Vernooy, K., additional, Van Hunnik, A., additional, Kuiper, M., additional, Crijns, H. J. G. M., additional, Prinzen, F. W., additional, Islam, N., additional, Gras, D., additional, Abraham, W., additional, Calo, L., additional, Birgersdotter-Green, U., additional, Clyne, C., additional, Herre, J., additional, Klein, N., additional, Kowalski, O., additional, Lenarczyk, R., additional, Pruszkowska, P., additional, Sokal, A., additional, Kukulski, T., additional, Zielinska, T., additional, Pluta, S., additional, Kalarus, Z., additional, Schwab, J. O., additional, Gasparini, M., additional, Anselme, F., additional, Clementy, J., additional, Santini, M., additional, Martinez Ferrer, J., additional, Burrone, V., additional, Santi, E., additional, Nevzorov, R., additional, Porter, A., additional, Kusniec, J., additional, Golovchiner, G., additional, Ben-Gal, T., additional, Strasberg, B., additional, Haim, M., additional, Rordorf, R., additional, Savastano, S., additional, Sanzo, A., additional, Vicentini, A., additional, Petracci, B., additional, De Amici, M., additional, Striuli, L., additional, Landolina, M., additional, Tolosana, J. M., additional, Martin, A. M., additional, Hernandez-Madrid, A., additional, Macias, A., additional, Fernandez-Lozano, I., additional, Osca, J., additional, Quesada, A., additional, Tada, H., additional, Noguchi, Y., additional, Shahrzad, S., additional, Karim Soleiman, N., additional, Tavoosi, A., additional, Taban, S., additional, Emkanjoo, Z., additional, Fukunaga, M., additional, Goya, M., additional, Hiroshima, K., additional, Ohe, M., additional, Hayashi, K., additional, Iwabuchi, M., additional, Nosaka, H., additional, Nobuyoshi, M., additional, Doiny, D., additional, Perez-Silva, A., additional, Castrejon Castrejon, S., additional, Estrada, A., additional, Ortega, M., additional, Lopez-Sendon, J. L., additional, Merino, J. L., additional, Garcia Fernandez, F. 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W., additional, Baratto, F., additional, Bignami, E., additional, Pappalardo, F., additional, Maccabelli, G., additional, Nicolotti, D., additional, Zangrillo, A., additional, Nagashima, M., additional, An, Y., additional, Okreglicki, A., additional, Russouw, C., additional, Tilz, R., additional, Yoshiga, Y., additional, Mathew, S., additional, Fuernkranz, A., additional, Rillig, A., additional, Wissner, E., additional, Ouyang, F., additional, De Sisti, A., additional, Tonet, J., additional, Gueffaf, F., additional, Touil, F., additional, Aouate, P., additional, Hidden-Lucet, F., additional, Makimoto, H., additional, Satomi, K., additional, Yamada, Y., additional, Okamura, H., additional, Noda, T., additional, Shimizu, W., additional, Aihara, N., additional, Kamakura, S., additional, Perez Silva, A., additional, Castrejon, S., additional, Gonzalez Vasserot, M., additional, Senges, J., additional, Brachmann, J., additional, Andresen, D., additional, Hoffmann, E., additional, Schumacher, B., additional, Willems, S., additional, Springer, B., additional, Kolb, C., additional, Akca, F., additional, Bauernfeind, T., additional, De Groot, N. 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M., additional, Van Rossum, A. C., additional, Allaart, C. P., additional, Berne, P., additional, Porres, J. M., additional, Arnaiz, J. A., additional, Brugada, R., additional, Man, S., additional, Maan, A. C., additional, Thijssen, J., additional, Van Der Wall, E. E., additional, Schalij, M. J., additional, Burattini, L., additional, Burattini, R., additional, Swenne, C. A., additional, Bonny, A., additional, Ditah, I., additional, Larrazet, F., additional, Frank, R., additional, Fontaine, G., additional, Van Der Voort, P. H., additional, Alings, M., additional, Shimane, A., additional, Okajima, K., additional, Kanda, G., additional, Yokoi, K., additional, Yamada, S., additional, Taniguchi, Y., additional, Hayashi, T., additional, Kajiya, T., additional, Santos, M. C., additional, Wright, J., additional, Betts, J., additional, Denman, R., additional, Dominguez-Perez, L., additional, Arias Palomares, M. A., additional, Toquero, J., additional, Diaz-Infante, E., additional, Tercedor, L., additional, Valverde, I., additional, Napp, A., additional, Joosten, S., additional, Stunder, D., additional, Zink, M., additional, Marx, N., additional, Schauerte, P., additional, Silny, J., additional, Trucco, M. E., additional, Arce, M., additional, Palazzolo, J., additional, Femenia, F., additional, Glad, J. M., additional, Szymkiewicz, S. J., additional, Fernandez-Armenta, J., additional, Camara, O., additional, Mont, L. L., additional, Diaz, E., additional, Silva, E., additional, Frangi, A., additional, Brembilla-Perrot, B., additional, Laporte, F., additional, Morinigo, J., additional, Ledesma, C., additional, Hadid, C., additional, Ortiz, M., additional, Wolpert, C., additional, Cobo, E., additional, Navarro, X., additional, Arribas, F., additional, Miki, Y., additional, Naitoh, S., additional, Kumagai, K., additional, Goto, K., additional, Kaseno, K., additional, Oshima, S., additional, Taniguchi, K., additional, Rivera, S., additional, Albina, G., additional, Klein, A., additional, Laino, R., additional, Sammartino, V., additional, Giniger, A., additional, Muggenthaler, M., additional, Raju, H., additional, Papadakis, M., additional, Chandra, N., additional, Bastiaenen, R., additional, Behr, E. R., additional, Sharma, S., additional, Samniah, N., additional, Radezishvsky, Y., additional, Omari, H., additional, Rosenschein, U., additional, Perez Riera, A. R., additional, Ferreira, M., additional, Hopman, W. M., additional, Mcintyre, W. F., additional, Baranchuk, A. R., additional, Wongcharoen, W., additional, Keanprasit, K., additional, Phrommintikul, A., additional, Chaiwarith, R., additional, Yagishita, A., additional, Hachiya, H., additional, Nakamura, T., additional, Tanaka, Y., additional, Higuchi, K., additional, Kawabata, M., additional, Hirao, K., additional, Isobe, M., additional, Stoickov, V., additional, Ilic, S., additional, Deljanin Ilic, M., additional, Aagaard, P., additional, Sahlen, A., additional, Bergfeldt, L., additional, Braunschweig, F., additional, Sousa, A., additional, Lebreiro, A., additional, Sousa, C., additional, Oliveira, S., additional, Correia, A. S., additional, Rangel, I., additional, Freitas, J., additional, Maciel, M. J., additional, Asensio Lafuente, E., additional, Aguilera, A. A. C., additional, Corral, M. A. C. C., additional, Mendoza, K. L. M. C., additional, Nava, P. E. N. D., additional, Rendon, A. L. R. C., additional, Villegas, L. V. C., additional, Castillo, L. C. M., additional, Schaerf, R., additional, Develle, R., additional, Oliver, C., additional, Zinzius, P. Y., additional, Providencia, R. A., additional, Botelho, A., additional, Trigo, J., additional, Nascimento, J., additional, Quintal, N., additional, Mota, P., additional, Leitao-Marques, A. M., additional, Borbola, J., additional, Abraham, P., additional, Foldesi, C. S., additional, Kardos, A., additional, Almeida, S., additional, Santos, M. B., additional, Quaresma, R., additional, Morgado, F. B., additional, Adragao, P., additional, Fatemi, M., additional, Didier, R., additional, Le Gal, G., additional, Etienne, Y., additional, Jobic, Y., additional, Gilard, M., additional, Boschat, J., additional, Mansourati, J., additional, Zubaid, M., additional, Rashed, W., additional, Alsheikh-Ali, A., additional, Almahmeed, W., additional, Shehab, A., additional, Sulaiman, K., additional, Asaad, N., additional, Amin, H., additional, Boersma, L. V. A., additional, Swaans, M., additional, Post, M., additional, Rensing, B., additional, Jarverud, K., additional, Broome, M., additional, Noren, K., additional, Svensson, T., additional, Hjelm, S., additional, Hollmark, M., additional, Bjorling, A., additional, Maeda, K., additional, Takagi, M., additional, Suzuki, K., additional, Tatsumi, H., additional, Yoshiyama, M., additional, Simeonidou, E., additional, Michalakeas, C., additional, Kastellanos, S., additional, Varounis, C., additional, Nikolopoulou, A., additional, Koniari, C., additional, Anastasiou-Nana, M., additional, Furukawa, T., additional, Maggi, R., additional, Bertolone, C., additional, Fontana, D., additional, Brignole, M., additional, Pietrucha, A. Z., additional, Wnuk, M., additional, Bzukala, I., additional, Mroczek-Czernecka, D., additional, Konduracka, E., additional, Kruszelnicka, O., additional, Piwowarska, W., additional, Nessler, J., additional, Edvardsson, N., additional, Rieger, G., additional, Garutti, C., additional, Linker, N., additional, Jorge, C., additional, Silva Marques, J., additional, Veiga, A., additional, Cruz, J., additional, Correia, M. J., additional, Sousa, J., additional, Miltenberger-Miltenyi, G., additional, Nunes Diogo, A., additional, Matic, D., additional, Mrdovic, I., additional, Stankovic, G., additional, Asanin, M., additional, Antonijevic, N., additional, Matic, M., additional, Kocev, N., additional, Vasiljevic, Z., additional, Ramirez-Marrero, M. A., additional, Perez-Villardon, B., additional, Delgado-Prieto, J. L., additional, Jimenez-Navarro, M., additional, De Teresa-Galvan, E., additional, De Mora-Martin, M., additional, Sztefko, K., additional, Malek, A., additional, De Groot, N., additional, Shalganov, T., additional, Schalij, M., additional, Rivas, N., additional, Casaldaliga, J., additional, Roca, I., additional, Pijuan, A., additional, Perez-Rodon, J., additional, Dos, L., additional, Garcia-Dorado, D., additional, Moya, A., additional, Baruteau, A.- E., additional, Behaghel, A., additional, Chatel, S., additional, Schott, J. J., additional, Daubert, J. C., additional, Le Marec, H., additional, Probst, V., additional, Navarro-Manchon, J., additional, Molina, P., additional, Igual, B., additional, Bermejo, M., additional, Giner, J., additional, Bourgonje, V. J. A., additional, Vos, M. A., additional, Ozdemir, S., additional, Doisne, N., additional, Van Der Heyden, M. A. G., additional, Van Veen, A. A. B., additional, Sipido, K., additional, Antoons, G., additional, Altieri, P. I., additional, Escobales, N., additional, Crespo, M., additional, Banchs, H. L., additional, Sciarra, L., additional, Bloise, R., additional, Allocca, G., additional, Marras, E., additional, Lioy, E., additional, Delise, P., additional, Priori, S., additional, and Calo', L., additional

Published
2011
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16. Abstracts: Pacing indications and outcome

Author

Klimusina, J., primary, Faletra, F., additional, Regoli, F., additional, Averaimo, M., additional, Evangelista, A., additional, Moccetti, T., additional, Auricchio, A., additional, Klimusina, J., additional, Conca, C., additional, Pasotti, E., additional, Pedrazzini, G., additional, Silva, E., additional, Sitges, M., additional, Delgado, V., additional, Tamborero, D., additional, Vidal, B., additional, Godoy, M. A., additional, Mont, L., additional, Brugada, J., additional, Occhetta, E., additional, Bortnik, M., additional, Leverone, M., additional, Rondano, E., additional, Plebani, L., additional, Marino, P., additional, Leclercq, C., additional, Donal, E., additional, Cazeau, S., additional, Giorgis, L., additional, Hernandez, A., additional, Jauvert, G., additional, Mabo, P., additional, Khan, F. Z., additional, Read, P. A., additional, Salahshouri, P., additional, Bayrakdar, M. A., additional, Virdee, M. S., additional, Fynn, S. P., additional, and Dutka, D. P., additional

Published
2009
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17. Poster Session 2: CRT: techniques and imaging

Author

Beynon, R. P., primary, Argyle, R. A., additional, Aghamohammadzadeh, R., additional, Pearce, K. A., additional, Ray, S. G., additional, Davidson, N. C., additional, Beynon, R. P., additional, Scott, P. A., additional, Turner, N. G., additional, Yue, A. M., additional, Roberts, P. R., additional, Morgan, J. M., additional, Duparc, A., additional, Delarche, N., additional, Froehlig, G., additional, Brachmann, J., additional, Mondoly, P., additional, Ziglio, F., additional, Cazeau, S., additional, Thomas, D., additional, Fraser, A. G., additional, Penny, A., additional, Yousef, Z. R., additional, Ciarka, A., additional, Bertini, M., additional, Delgado, V., additional, Van Bommel, R. J., additional, Borleffs, C. J. W., additional, Van De Veire, N., additional, Schalij, M. J., additional, Bax, J., additional, Ajmone Marsan, N., additional, Nucifora, G., additional, Bax, J. J., additional, Dabrowski, P., additional, Kleinrok, A., additional, Bordachar, P., additional, De Guillebon, M., additional, Thambo, J. B., additional, Ploux, S., additional, Deplagne, A., additional, Ritter, P., additional, Haissaguerre, M., additional, Clementy, J., additional, Parisi, Q., additional, Messano, L., additional, Santamaria, M., additional, Angeloni, G., additional, Alessandrini, F., additional, Mlynarski, R., additional, Wlodyka, A., additional, Kargul, W., additional, Sosnowski, M., additional, Tomasi, C., additional, Mosconi, R., additional, Corsi, C., additional, Severi, S., additional, Veronesi, F., additional, Ricci, V., additional, Pepoli, R., additional, Margheri, M., additional, Greenberg, S., additional, Gupta, M., additional, Burke, J., additional, Seifert, M., additional, Schau, T., additional, Koglek, W., additional, Neuss, M., additional, Meyhoefer, J., additional, Butter, C., additional, Curcio, A., additional, Cascini, G. L., additional, Cipullo, S., additional, Restuccia, A., additional, Santarpia, G., additional, Cuko, A., additional, Leone, A., additional, Indolfi, C., additional, Gutleben, K., additional, Noelker, G. N., additional, Marschang, H. M., additional, Schmidt, M. S., additional, Ritscher, G. R., additional, Rohkohl, C. R., additional, Brachmann, J. B., additional, Sinha, A. M. S., additional, Min, X., additional, Hellman, H., additional, Lall, C., additional, Rosenberg, S., additional, Ginks, M., additional, Chinchapatnam, P., additional, Hamid, S., additional, Sinclair, S., additional, Totman, J., additional, Carr-White, G., additional, Razavi, R., additional, Rinaldi, C. A., additional, Sztaniszlav, A., additional, Przibille, O., additional, Nowak, B., additional, Schulte-Hahn, B., additional, Bogaard, M. D., additional, Doevendans, P. A., additional, Van Wessel, H., additional, Hauer, R. N., additional, Meine, M., additional, Ryu, K., additional, D'avila, A., additional, Heist, E. K., additional, Chou, J., additional, Yang, M., additional, and Singh, J. P., additional

Published
2009
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26. Optimization of the rate-modulation slope can be achieved by an automatic function

Author

Cazeau, S., Bonnet, J. L., Ritter, Philippe, Walther, K., Clémenty, Jacques, Kubler, Laetitia, Pioger, G., Mugica, J., Grégoire, Jean-Marie, Verbeet, Thierry William, Cazeau, S., Bonnet, J. L., Ritter, Philippe, Walther, K., Clémenty, Jacques, Kubler, Laetitia, Pioger, G., Mugica, J., Grégoire, Jean-Marie, and Verbeet, Thierry William

Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
1994

27. A minute-ventilation single-sensor can provide a fast response at the onset of exercise

Author

Pioger, G., Bonnet, J. L., Ritter, Philippe, Cazeau, S., Walther, K., Clémenty, Jacques, Kubler, Laetitia, Mugica, J., Grégoire, Jean-Marie, Verbeet, Thierry William, Pioger, G., Bonnet, J. L., Ritter, Philippe, Cazeau, S., Walther, K., Clémenty, Jacques, Kubler, Laetitia, Mugica, J., Grégoire, Jean-Marie, and Verbeet, Thierry William

Abstract

3rd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RATE ADAPTIVE CARDIAC PACING AND IMPLANTABLE DEFIBRILLATORS, FLWNA, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
1993

28. Optimisation of the rate-modulation slope can be provided by an automatic function

Author

Ritter, Philippe, Bonnet, J. L., Cazeau, S., Walther, K., Clémenty, Jacques, Kubler, Laetitia, Pioger, G., Mugica, J., Grégoire, Jean-Marie, Verbeet, Thierry William, Ritter, Philippe, Bonnet, J. L., Cazeau, S., Walther, K., Clémenty, Jacques, Kubler, Laetitia, Pioger, G., Mugica, J., Grégoire, Jean-Marie, and Verbeet, Thierry William

Abstract

3rd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RATE ADAPTIVE CARDIAC PACING AND IMPLANTABLE DEFIBRILLATORS, FLWNA, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
1993

31. Four Chamber Pacing in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Author

CAZEAU, S., primary, RITTER, P., additional, BAKDACH, S., additional, LAZARUS, A., additional, LIMOUSIN, M., additional, HENAO, L., additional, MUNDLER, O., additional, DAUBERT, J.C., additional, and MUGICA, J., additional

Published
1994
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33. Use of a New Fallback Function to Prevent Endless-Loop Tachycardias: First Clinical Results.

Author

Nitzsché, R., Girodo, S., Limousin, M., and Cazeau, S.

Subjects
TACHYCARDIA, ATRIOVENTRICULAR node, CARDIAC pacing, CARDIAC pacemakers, MEDICAL equipment, CARDIOLOGY
Abstract

The methods used for preventing endless-loop tachycardias (ELTs) most often consist of initiating a long postventricular atrial refractory period (PVARP) with the sensing of every event likely to induce ELTs, such as sensed premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). A new fallback /unction may be useful to prevent the initiation of ELTs. A window of atrial rate acceleration detection (WARAD) is initiated with the sensing of every sinus event and equals 75% of the preceding PP interval If an atrial event is sensed during this period, as are premature atrial contractions (PACs), no atrioventricular (AV) delay is initiated, but an atrial pulse output is delivered and a subsequent 31-msec AV delay is started. Theoretically retrograde P waves are premature compared to sinus rhythm. They are therefore detected as PACs, and do not initiate AV delay, thus prohibiting the induction of ELTs. This function was tested in six patients, using external or implanted Chorus 2 pacemakers, Short PVARP (203 msec) and high atrial sensibility were programmed. Retrograde conduction was induced either by inefficient atrial pacing or a long programmed AV delay. Two different dual chamber settings were tested; dual chamber pacing with the fallback function On or Off. In every situation, the function proved effective in preventing ELTs: the number of tachycardia episodes went from 124 with the function programmed Off to 5 with the function programmed On for comparable durations. More than 75 ELTs effectively prevented by fallback have been recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1992

35. Autocalibration algorithm in minute ventilation rate adaptive pacing

Author

Cazeau, S., Bonnet, J. L., Ritter, Philippe, Walthier, K., Clémenty, Jacques, Kubler, Laetitia, Pioger, G., Grégoire, Jean-Marie, Cazeau, S., Bonnet, J. L., Ritter, Philippe, Walthier, K., Clémenty, Jacques, Kubler, Laetitia, Pioger, G., and Grégoire, Jean-Marie

Abstract

Chap. 21, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

37. Autocalibration algorithm in minute ventilation rate adaptive pacing

Author

Cazeau, S., Bonnet, J. L., Ritter, Philippe, Walthier, K., Clémenty, Jacques, Kubler, Laetitia, Pioger, G., Grégoire, Jean-Marie, Cazeau, S., Bonnet, J. L., Ritter, Philippe, Walthier, K., Clémenty, Jacques, Kubler, Laetitia, Pioger, G., and Grégoire, Jean-Marie

Abstract

Chap. 21, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

40. CRT51: AGGRAVATION OF THE CLINICAL STATUS OF CRT-P PATIENT DOCUMENTED BY PACEMAKER MEMORIES: A CASE REPORT.

Author

Jauvert, G., Casset, C., Prades, E., and Cazeau, S.

Abstract

Rate-responsive pacemakers (PM) provide meaningful information to permanently follow-up the physical status of implanted patients. We report the case of a CHF patient fitted with a CRT-P device.ELA Medical PMs feature accelerometer and minute ventilation sensors. Cross-check between both sensors allows the calculation of the activity duration (Ad). The accelerometer reflects the mean intensity of physical activity (Ai), and mean minute ventilation (MV) is calculated at rest (MVr) and during activity phases (MVa). A 52 y. old male (LVEF 16%, NYHA class III) received a Talent 3 MSP PM on Oct 2003. The patient had an out-hospital visit due to CHF aggravation on the 01/01/04, then was hospitalized for HF decompensation. CRT appeared to be ineffective, and was deactivated with an increase of drug therapy.Analysis of PM data: Period 1: stable phase. Ad and Ai increase slowly, up to a stable level. MVa/Ai increase independently from Ai level, suggesting that this indicator is independent from patient's daily-life activity. Period 2: hyperactivity. the patient develops unusual high levels of activity (Ai), with an important increase of MVa/Ai. In the same time, MVr, which was stable increases dramatically, which suggests a degradation of his pulmonary function even at rest. Period 3: Drop by 50% in Ai and MVr decrease suggest an impossible sustained exercise. Period 4: MVa/Ai still increases, and MVr increases again. MV vary now independently from Ai. The patient is hospitalized for HF.Data provided by the PM may help in predicting the degradation of the cardio-pulmonary status of CRT patients, allowing a better management of HF therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2005
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41. Cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Author

Cazeau, S., Alonso, C., Jauvert, G., Lazarus, A., and Ritter, P.

Abstract

The first case report introducing the concept of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) was published less than 10 years ago, opening the way to the development of the first successful non-pharmacological treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF). The now routine implantation of CRT systems is applicable to multitudes of patients as adjunctive therapy in advanced CHF. This technique has transformed the traditional concepts associated with stimulation of the heart, and is now applied not only to restore an appropriate heart rate, but also to change the process of cardiac mechanical activation. Since it must be integrated within a comprehensive and multidisciplinary CHF management program, CRT has changed the practice of experts in the field of cardiac pacing. CRT in the management of CHF was ultimately validated in 2 randomised trials. MUSTIC, the first trial, compared in a single-blind, 3 × 3 months crossover design active versus inactive biventricular stimulation in a group of patients in sinus rhythm and another group in atrial fibrillation. Both phases of the trial were completed by 48 patients, with significant positive effects conferred by CRT on the distance walked in 6 min and on peak oxygen consumption. The number of hospitalizations for management of CHF was decreased by 2/3 (P < 0.05), and 85% of patients preferred the atrio-biventricular over the inactive stimulation mode (P < 0.001). These results were amply confirmed by the parallel-design MIRACLE trial. The current indications for CRT, dignostic tools to assist in its implementation, and limitations of this new therapeutic adjunct are further discussed in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2003

45. Should the split format in the third position of the pacemaker code be resurrected?

Author

Barold, S. Serge, Barold, Helen S., Barold, S S, Barold, H S, and Cazeau, S

Subjects
*CARDIAC pacemakers, *HEART conduction system, *CARDIAC pacing
Abstract

It is possible to characterize some of the sensing functions of new multisite pacing systems by resurrecting the split format in the third position of the standard pacemaker code. This approach permits accurate representation of the horizontal and vertical triggering functions of multisite dual-chamber pacemakers without creating a new code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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46. Self-Compassionate Responses to an Imagined Sexual Assault.

Author

Allen AB, Cazeau S, Grace J, and Banos AS

Subjects
Empathy, Female, Humans, Pilot Projects, Self-Compassion, Sex Offenses
Abstract

This research assesses the relationship between self-compassion and well-being following an imagined trauma (i.e., sexual assault) and shows positive outcomes from a self-compassion induction. After a pilot study ( N = 54) established the believability of a sexual assault scenario, the primary study randomly assigned female participants ( N = 141) to a self-compassion or control condition. Participants read educational prompts (self-compassion and verbal learning or verbal learning only), completed comprehension questions, read and wrote about a hypothetical scenario from a compassionate perspective or generally, and completed the trait self-compassion scale. Regression analyses showed trait and induced self-compassion predicted less negative outcomes.

Published
2021
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47. Statistical ranking of electromechanical dyssynchrony parameters for CRT.

Author

Cazeau S, Toulemont M, Ritter P, and Reygner J

Abstract

Objective: Mechanical evaluation of dyssynchrony by echocardiography has not replaced ECG in routine cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) evaluation because of its complexity and lack of reproducibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential correlations between electromechanical parameters (atrioventricular, interventricular and intraventricular from the dyssynchrony model presented in 2000), their ability to describe dyssynchrony and their potential use in resynchrony., Methods: 455 sets of the 18 parameters of the model obtained in 91 patients submitted to various pacing configurations were evaluated two by two using a Pearson correlation test and then by groups according to their ability to describe dyssynchrony, using the Column selection method of machine learning., Results: The best parameter is duration of septal contraction, which alone describes 25% of dyssynchrony. The best groups of 3, 4 and ≥8 variables describe 59%, 73% and almost 100% of dyssynchrony, respectively. Left pre-ejection interval is highly and significantly correlated to a maximum of other variables, and its decrease is associated with the favourable evolution of all other correlated parameters. Increase in filling duration and decrease in duration of septum to lateral wall contraction difference are not associated with the favourable evolution of other parameters., Conclusions: No single electromechanical parameter alone can fully describe dyssynchrony. The 18-parameter model can be simplified, but still requires at least 4-8 parameters. Decrease in left pre-ejection interval favourably drives resynchrony in a maximum of other parameters. Increase in filling duration and decrease in septum-lateral wall difference do not appear to be good CRT targets., Competing Interests: Competing interests: SC is presently the Chief Medical Officer of MicroPort CRM.

Published
2019
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48. Variability in obstructive sleep apnea: Analysis of pacemaker-detected respiratory disturbances.

Author

Moubarak G, Bouzeman A, de Geyer d'Orth T, Bouleti C, Beuzelin C, and Cazeau S

Subjects
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Comorbidity, Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Observer Variation, Polysomnography methods, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Atrial Fibrillation complications, Atrial Fibrillation therapy, Cardiac Pacing, Artificial methods, Respiratory Insufficiency diagnosis, Respiratory Insufficiency etiology, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive complications, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive diagnosis, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive epidemiology, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive physiopathology
Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with several cardiovascular conditions. Some pacemakers feature specific algorithms detecting respiratory cycles and deriving indices well correlated with the identification of polysomnography-confirmed severe OSA., Objectives: The purposes of this study were to analyze respiratory disturbances measured by a validated algorithm in clinical practice and to describe their variability over time and their association with atrial fibrillation., Methods: Fifty-eight patients implanted with dual-chamber LivaNova REPLY 200 DR or KORA 100 DR pacemakers measuring a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) were included. An RDI >20 events per hour of sleep is well correlated with severe OSA as determined by polysomnography. Patients with >10% nights with invalid RDI measurements were excluded., Results: The RDI could be measured during 98% of nights. During a mean follow-up of 187 ± 123 days, the individual mean RDI was 19.9 ± 12.7 and was superior to 20 in 24 patients (41%). An RDI >20 events/h in at least 1 night was observed in 52 patients (90%). The mean day-to-day RDI variability in individual patients was 19% ± 21%. Patients with the highest burden of severe OSA (as defined by ≥75% of nights with RDI >20 events/h) were older, had a higher prevalence of hypertension, and were more often implanted for atrioventricular block than patients with lower burden of severe OSA. No RDI burden or cutoff was a predictor of atrial fibrillation occurrence., Conclusion: OSA is frequent in patients with a pacemaker and is reliably detected by pacemakers. OSA is highly variable and could probably be best analyzed in terms of burden., (Copyright © 2016 Heart Rhythm Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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49. Causes-of-death analysis of patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy: an analysis of the CeRtiTuDe cohort study.

Author

Marijon E, Leclercq C, Narayanan K, Boveda S, Klug D, Lacaze-Gadonneix J, Defaye P, Jacob S, Piot O, Deharo JC, Perier MC, Mulak G, Hermida JS, Milliez P, Gras D, Cesari O, Hidden-Lucet F, Anselme F, Chevalier P, Maury P, Sadoul N, Bordachar P, Cazeau S, Chauvin M, Empana JP, Jouven X, Daubert JC, and Le Heuzey JY

Subjects
Aged, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices, Death, Sudden, Cardiac epidemiology, Defibrillators, Implantable, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Heart Failure therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy mortality, Heart Failure mortality
Abstract

Aims: The choice of resynchronization therapy between with (CRT-D) and without (CRT-P) a defibrillator remains a contentious issue. Cause-of-death analysis among CRT-P, compared with CRT-D, patients could help evaluate the extent to which CRT-P patients would have additionally benefited from a defibrillator in a daily clinical practice., Methods and Results: A total of 1705 consecutive patients implanted with a CRT (CRT-P: 535 and CRT-D: 1170) between 2008 and 2010 were enrolled in CeRtiTuDe, a multicentric prospective follow-up cohort study, with specific adjudication for causes of death at 2 years. Patients with CRT-P compared with CRT-D were older (P < 0.0001), less often male (P < 0.0001), more symptomatic (P = 0.0005), with less coronary artery disease (P = 0.003), wider QRS (P = 0.002), more atrial fibrillation (P < 0.0001), and more co-morbidities (P = 0.04). At 2-year follow-up, the annual overall mortality rate was 83.80 [95% confidence interval (CI) 73.41-94.19] per 1000 person-years. The crude mortality rate among CRT-P patients was double compared with CRT-D (relative risk 2.01, 95% CI 1.56-2.58). In a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, CRT-P remained associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 1.54, 95% CI 1.07-2.21, P = 0.0209), although other potential confounders may persist. By cause-of-death analysis, 95% of the excess mortality among CRT-P subjects was related to an increase in non-sudden death., Conclusion: When compared with CRT-D patients, excess mortality in CRT-P recipients was mainly due to non-sudden death. Our findings suggest that CRT-P patients, as currently selected in routine clinical practice, would not potentially benefit with the addition of a defibrillator., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)

Published
2015
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50. Phrenic nerve stimulation in cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Author

Moubarak G, Bouzeman A, Ollitrault J, Anselme F, and Cazeau S

Subjects
Humans, Risk Factors, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, Phrenic Nerve physiology
Abstract

In cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), the electrical impulse delivered by the left ventricular (LV) lead may incidentally cause phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS). The purpose of this state-of-the-art review is to describe the frequency, risk factors, and clinical consequences of PNS and to present the most recent options to successfully manage PNS. PNS occurs in 2 to 37% of implanted patients and is not always detected in the supine position during implantation. Lateral and posterior veins are at higher risk of PNS than anterior veins, and apical positions are at higher risk of PNS than basal positions. The management of PNS discovered during implantation may include mapping the course of the target vein in order to find a PNS-free site, targeting another vein if available, and pacing with alternative configurations before changing the lead location. Non-invasive options for management of post-operative PNS depend on the difference between PNS and LV stimulation thresholds and include reducing the LV pacing output, automatic determination of LV stimulation threshold and minimal output delivery by the device, increasing the pulse duration, and electronic repositioning. New quadripolar leads allow to pace from different cathodes, and the multiple pacing configurations available have proved superior to bipolar leads in mitigating PNS. This electronic repositioning addresses almost all of the clinically relevant PNS and should markedly reduce the need for invasive lead repositioning or CRT abandon, which is actually the last option for 2% of patients.

Published
2014
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