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The American Cancer Society estimates that 60,050 cases of endometrial cancer will be diagnosed in 2016 and that 10,470 will die from endometrial cancer during 2016. Since 1988, incidence rates have increased by 1.3 per cent per year for women under 50 and by 1.9 per cent per year. In women age 50 and older, uterine cancers are usually treated with surgery, radiation, hormones, and/or chemotherapy. Uterine cancer is the most common form of gynecologic cancer. Surgery is the mainstay for staging and optimizing treatment for women with endometrial carcinoma. The surgical approach has evolved rapidly since the late 1980s with the introduction of laparoscopy in the surgical staging of endometrial cancer. An alternative to conventional laparoscopy or robotic surgery is single-port Laparoendoscopic 3-incision surgery which further enhances the cosmetic benefits of minimally invasive surgery, avoiding the potential morbidity associated with multiple incisions. Since it has been observed that it offers greater visibility and accuracy of the area of operation. Althoughmost of the advantages are in cases, such as patients with previous abdominal surgeries and obesity

Urinary tract infections are caused by an erroneous placement of catheters, This is because it is considered an invasive technique of very common hospital use, which will provide a great benefit to the patient and quite useful for the doctor. The identification in the different hospital centres of the correct technique has to be achieved to achieve an effective sterile placement and obtain a benefit rather than a harm to the patient. However, the fact of having to identify the correct techniques has shown certain deficiencies among health personnel who are in charge of these procedures. It is known that the placement of catheters by extraluminal route, has a higher incidence of infection because it is placed ascendingly and is the most common way to cause a urinary tract infection. In a large majority of infections, its causative agents are given by Gram-negative bacteria and with the appearance of resistance to antimicrobials, it has become a great concern on the part of health personnel. At the same time, it is necessary to recognize the need to indicate antimicrobial therapy when placing the catheter. &nbsp

Today Neurofibromatosis type 1 belongs to a genetic disorder in which there is a mutation of a gene that is on chromosome 17 which will cause at some point in the patient's life the development and growth of tumors in the central nervous system or even outside it. Epidemiologically it is known that there is no predilection for sex or person, but it is known and common, that the onset of presentation of symptoms is given after birth, for this reason, it is a disorder that occurs more frequently in children, it is important to recognize the disorder to be able to attend to the complications that occur with the evolution of the disease, remembering that a specific treatment is not known exactly. It is considered necessary the integral attention to the multiple complications that could come present, which mentions some of the most serious are: Musculoskeletal disorders, as well as presenting skin problems, being frequent presentation in the first year of life. Eye problems, learning problems at school age and even worse prognosis can reach a degree of mental retardation.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health problem. Patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis are at a higher risk of infection and mortality than the general population. Worldwide, a vaccination campaign has been developed that has been shown to reduce severe infections and deaths in the general population. However, there are currently limited data on the clinical efficacy of vaccinations in the hemodialysis population.A national multicenter observational cohort was performed in Chile to evaluate the clinical efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in end-stage renal disease patients on chronic hemodialysis from February 2021 to August 2021. In addition, the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccines were evaluated. The efficacy of vaccination in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalizations, and deaths associated with COVID-19 was determined.A total of 12,301 patients were evaluated; 10,615 (86.3%) received a complete vaccination (2 doses), 490 (4.0%) received incomplete vaccination, and 1196 (9.7%) were not vaccinated. During follow-up, 1362 (11.0%) patients developed COVID-19, and 150 died (case fatality rate: 11.0%). The efficacy of the complete vaccination in preventing infection was 18.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]:11.8-23.8%), and prevention of death was 66.0% (95% CI:60.6-70.7%). When comparing both vaccines, BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were effective in reducing infection and deaths associated with COVID-19. Nevertheless, the BNT162b2 vaccine had higher efficacy in preventing infection (42.6% vs. 15.0%) and deaths (90.4% vs. 64.8%) compared to CoronaVac.The results of our study suggest that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients on chronic hemodialysis was effective in preventing infection and death associated with COVID-19.

Abdominoperineal Resection is a method which has been used as the gold standard for the curative treatment of distal rectal cancer. Because it is classified as a radical and invasive surgery, we have considered the importance of assessing the long-term quality of life in patients which is its best alternative, in turn the degree of psychological impact for which patients could study. Among the factors that could contribute to the performance of the procedure are: that they are in a high-advanced stage, male sex, narrow pelvis, advanced age, and the alteration of the function of the preoperative sphincter to avoid postoperative incontinence. It is important to mention that unfortunately some of these risk factors are independent of a mto the post-surgical oncological prognosis. Incontinence, genitourinary function, pain,dysfunction xual, unpleasant odor and leaks, selflimitations in social activities and even repercussions on body image, reaching depressive symptoms and varying levels of anxiety, andthese complications are what we focus on because it represents aserious problem in the quality of life of the patient undergoing abdominoperineal resection.

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) -the most widely used herbicides in agriculture worldwide-are frequently generalized by the name of “glyphosate”. However, GBH encompass a variety of glyphosate salts as active ingredient and different adjuvants, which differ between products. These herbicides reach water bodies and produce diverse impacts over aquatic communities. Yet, the risk assessment assays required for the approval focus mostly on active ingredients. Herein, we compared the effect of five different GBH as well as of monoisopropylamine salt of glyphosate (GIPA) on aquatic microbial communities from natural shallow lakes that were mixed and allowed to evolve in an outdoor pond. We performed an 8-day long assay under indoor control conditions to evaluate the effects of exposure on the structure of nano-plus microphytoplankton (net phytoplankton, with sizes between 2 and 20 μm and >20 μm, respectively) and picoplankton (size ranging between 0.2 and 2 μm) communities through microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. Significantly different effects were evident on the structure of microbial communities dependent on the GBH, even with herbicides sharing similar active ingredients. Each GBH evoked increases of different magnitude in bacterioplankton abundance. Furthermore, GIPA and a formulation decreased the abundance of a phycocyanin-rich (PC-rich) picocyanobacteria (Pcy) cytometric population and GIPA further altered Pcy composition. Also, two GBH increased net phytoplankton total abundance and, unlike the tested GBH, no apparent effect of GIPA was detected on this community structure. These results demonstrate that GBH effects on aquatic microbial communities should not be summarized as “glyphosate” effects considering that the formulations have effects beyond those exerted by the active ingredients alone. This work intends to alert on the lack of real knowledge regarding the consequences of the variety of GBH on natural aquatic ecosystems. Indeed, the wide use of the term “glyphosate effect” should be thoroughly rethought.

VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Nutrición. ¿Nutrición basada en la videncia o en la evidencia?

O mapatizeiro produz frutos suculentos e muito apreciados pelos povos da regiao amazonica. Por ser uma frutifera que ainda esta em processo de domesticacao, pouco se conhece acerca das caracteristicas morfologicas dos frutos e sementes para determinacao de padroes no manejo e conservacao, pos-colheita. Neste sentido, o presente estudo buscou evidenciar caracteristicas biometricas em frutos e sementes de mapati originario de progenie selecionada na Amazonia. Para avaliacao foi colhido frutos em diferentes extratos da planta e fenofases de maturacao (maduro, semi-maduro e verde) conferindo as seguintes caracteristicas nos frutos: massa fresca; largura; comprimento; espessura da polpa; solidos soluveis totais, e nas sementes: massa fresca; largura e comprimento. O teste F (p

Peru is the main supplier of "tara ", because our country has a variety of climates and soil types, by allowing the crop during most of the year. Junín department has natural populations of "tara" who have not yet been characterized biochemical or genetically, which could be harnessed for the benefit of local communities. In this work we report the antioxidant capacity of "tara" from the localities of Picoy and Santa Fe, both located in Tarma, Junin. We used the technique of DPPH and ABTS to evaluate the antioxidant capacity for the determination of phenols and flavonoids were used Folin-Ciocalteau reagent according to the technique of Singleton. Picoy sample reported a higher amount of phenols being of 563.70 mg/g dry extract, while the amount of flavonoids was 0.664 mg/g. The antioxidant capacity showed a better response in the sample of Picoy, reporting through a DPPH IC50 1.244 mg/ml and 35.3% ABTS inhibition. These data could be used to increase the added value and improve the supply of this resource in this area due to better antioxidantl characteristics.

Introduction Despite recommendations to integrate reproductive and preconception health care services with primary health care, integration of such services is uncommon. The purpose of this study was to explore the acceptability and utility of integrating an assessment of reproductive plans into primary care encounters. Methodology Using a purposive sampling strategy, we purposively selected 144 African-American and Hispanic females and males from publicly-funded clinics. We assessed their desire for a child and contraceptive practices via a reproductive plans questionnaire. Patients’ written responses were attached to the medical record for provider use. After the encounter, we administered semi-structured interviews to elicit patients’ opinions about the questionnaire. We audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim responses and qualitatively analyzed them by content analysis. Results Overall, 58/72 (81%) of females and 30/72 (42%) of males reported the reproductive plans assessment was important to their encounter, with variation in the reason according to reported desire for a child. According to reported contraceptive practices, >45% who reported never wanting a child or not wanting a child for at least one year were ‘at-risk for unintended pregnancy.’ A substantial proportion of patients reported uncertainty about desiring a child, and a minority of these reported consistent contraception use. Discussion Questions to assess patients’ reproductive plans were viewed as important by the majority of female and a substantial proportion of male primary care patients, and a substantial proportion were at-risk for unintended pregnancy. Primary care practices should consider implementing a reproductive plans assessment to facilitate linkage of patients to appropriate family planning, preconception, and sexually-transmitted infection services.

Se reconoce al siglo XX como el siglo de la revolución de las mujeres, debido al avance sustancial en la conquista de derechos civiles, políticos, reproductivos y sexuales; con distintos ritmos y legitimidades, con avances y retrocesos.Tanto para planificar el desarrollo local/regional como para fortalecer la democracia sustantiva, es necesario garantizar la soberanía sobre el primer territorio de ejercicio: el propio cuerpo. Nada más personal que el cuerpo y nada más político. Desde esta concepción política, el cuerpo se ubica en la intersección entre lo público y lo privado, vinculado a lo global, lo local, lo social, tornándose un campo de actuación del Estado (por acción u omisión), la comunidad, la familia, el mercado, las religiones y también las fuerzas fundamentalistas. Las fronteras entre las esferas constitutivas de la modernidad —lo público y lo privado— estallan cuando pensamos la democracia con relación a los derechos sobre el propio cuerpo.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE PETRÓLEO O petróleo raramente é produzido puro, na maioria das vezes ele é produzido junto com água, podendo assumir a forma de emulsão. A formação de emulsões durante a produção de petróleo é altamente problemática para o escoamento e processamento do óleo, causando problemas de garantia de escoamento e aumentando o custo de separação das fases. Esse processo de emulsificação começa no interior do reservatório, no escoamento de água e óleo pelo meio poroso e continua no escoamento bifásico no poço, no fluxo turbulento nas bombas, válvulas e nas instalações de superfície. Existe incerteza em relação às condições que favorecem a emulsificação dentro dos reservatórios. Este trabalho é focado na formação de emulsões no fluxo multifásico de óleo e água em meios porosos. Um estudo experimental foi desenvolvido para analisar o efeito das variáveis do processo e das características do meio poroso e dos fluidos, na morfologia das emulsões formadas. Água e óleo foram injetados como fases separadas num meio poroso formado por micro-esferas de vidro. Os fluidos produzidos foram coletados e analisados para determinar o tipo de emulsão produzida e suas características morfológicas. Os resultados dos experimentos mostraram que a morfologia das emulsões depende principalmente das condições operacionais nas quais os fluidos são produzidos. O tamanho das gotas da fase dispersa diminui com o aumento da vazão total e aumenta com o incremento da razão de vazão água-óleo. Constatou-se também que as características do meio poroso são determinantes nas características físicas das emulsões. Um meio poroso de maior permeabilidade levou à produção de emulsões com distribuições de tamanho de gota mais dispersas e maior diâmetro médio de massa. Nesse meio poroso observou-se também em algumas condições, produção simultânea de emulsões a/o e o/a, enquanto num meio poroso de menor permeabilidade ocorreu inversão total das fases. Depois da inversão foi comum a presença de emulsões múltiplas. Crude oil is rarely produced alone. Usually it is produced together with water in the form of emulsion. Emulsion formation during oil production is extremely problematic in terms of flow characteristics and further processing of the produced fluids. It can cause flow assurance problems and increase the cost of phase separation. The emulsification process starts inside the reservoir with the flow of oil and water through the porous media and continues in the multi phase flow inside the well, the turbulent flow through valves, pumps and in surface facilities. There are still uncertainties related to the conditions that promote emulsification inside the reservoirs. This dissertation is focused in the emulsion formation in multi phase flow of oil and water in porous media. An experimental study was carried out to analyze the effects of process variables and properties of the fluids and porous media in the morphology of the emulsions formed. Water and oil were injected as separate phases into a porous media formed of glass micro spheres. The produced fluids were collected and analyzed to determine the type of emulsion and its morphological characteristics. The results of the experiments indicate that the morphology of the emulsions depends strongly on the operational conditions in which the fluids are produced. Emulsion drop sizes decrease at higher total flow rates and increase as the water-oil ratio falls. It was also established that the characteristics of the porous media have a strong effect on the morphology of emulsions. The use of a porous media with higher permeability resulted in the production of emulsions with broader droplet size distributions and larger mass medium diameters. Simultaneous production of w/o and o/w emulsions was observed in that porous media, while only total phase inversion was observed in a less permeable porous media. Multiple emulsions were common after total phase inversion.

In addition to four new pimarane derivatives, the aerial parts of Calceolaria lepida yielded a new bisditerpene and two novel stemarane diterpenes. The structure of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations.

Introducción: El gen dopaminérgico catecol-o-metil transferasa (COMT), tiene un polimorfismo funcional Val108/158Met que da lugar a variantes de la enzima que cataliza la o-metilación de las catecolaminas activas, participando en el metabolismo de las drogas y neurotransmisores, como la L-dopa, norepinefrina, epinefrina y dopamina y, por consiguiente, puede asociarse a condiciones neuropsiquiátricas. Objetivos: Determinar las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas del polimorfismo Val108/158Met del gen COMT en sujetos saludables de una población mixta peruana y establecer las implicancias para el estudio genético de enfermedades y otras condiciones neuropsiquiátricas. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal. Lugar: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición ‘Alberto Guzmán Barrón’. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Participantes: Ciento seis personas, hombres y mujeres, clínicamente saludables, sin enfermedades neurológicas ni mentales u otra patología similar, voluntarios con consentimiento informado, sin relación de parentesco, todos residentes en Lima, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre los 18 y 50 años. Intervenciones: Extracción del ADN genómico a partir de células de epitelio bucal, según metodología estándar. Amplificación mediante la PCR con primers específicos y digestión con la enzima de restricción NlaIII. Detección de fragmentos de restricción de longitud polimórfica (RFLP) por electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida al 6%, teñido con nitrato de plata. Principales medidas de resultados: Frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas del gen COMT en población mixta peruana. Resultados: Se encontró las frecuencias genotípicas Met/Met=0,0661, Val/Met=0,5094 y Val/Val=0,4245, siendo la distribución consistente con el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (X² =3,0317, g.l.=1, p >0,05). Las frecuencias alélicas encontradas fueron alelo Val=0,68 y el alelo Met=0,32. Conclusiones: El genotipo heterocigoto Val/Met y el alelo Val del gen dopaminérgico COMT son los más frecuentes en esta población mixta estudiada. Este polimorfismo Val108/158Met, en interacción gen-gen y gen-medioambiente, debe ser considerado en los estudios de genética neuropsiquiátrica, tanto en poblaciones mixtas como en nativas. Introduction: Dopaminergic catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) gene has a functional polymorphism Val108/158Met that originates enzyme variants that catalyze o-methylation of active catecholamines and participates in drugs and neurotransmitters metabolism including L-dopa, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine and thus may be associated to neuropsychiatric conditions. Objectives: To determine COMT gene genotypes and alleles frequencies in mestizo Peruvian population healthy subjects and its importance in neuropsychiatric genetic studies. Design: Descriptive, observational, transversal study. Setting: Alberto Guzman Barron Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Participants: One hundred and six healthy subjects, male and female volunteers with informed consent, without family relationship or mental and neurological disorders as determined by clinical assessment, all Lima residents, aged between 18 and 50 years. Interventions: Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal epithelium cells to 106 individuals seemingly healthy, previous informed consent, using standard methodology. We typed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the relevant region followed by digestion with N1aIII enzyme and polyacrilamyde gel electrophoresis and silver nitrate stain. Main outcomes measures: COMT gene genotypes and alleles frequencies in mixed Peruvian population. Results: We found frequencies Met/Met genotype=0,0661, Val/Met genotype=0,5094, and Val/Val genotype=0,4245, distribution consistent with Hardy-Weinberg expectations (X² = 3,0317, g.l.=1, p >0,05). Alleles frequencies were Val allele=0,679 and Met allele=0,321. Conclusions: Val/Met heterozygote and Val allele were significantly more common in the mixed Peruvian population. In gene-gene interaction and gene-environment Val108/158Met polymorphism must be considered in neuropsychiatric genetic studies in both mixed and native populations.

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación, es un análisis de los precedentes jurídicos expresados por la Corte Constitucional sobre la procedencia del habeas data, el derecho a la intimidad y la figura de la prescripción cuando las personas son erróneamente reportadas en las centrales de riesgo. Para lograr tal propósito se toma como referencia la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991 en el Artículo 15, que establece que todas las personas tienen derecho a su intimidad personal y familiar y a su buen nombre y el Estado se encuentra en la obligación respetarlos y hacerlos respetar. De igual modo, tienen derecho a conocer, actualizar y rectificar la información que se hayan recogido sobre ellos en Banco de Datos y en archivos de entidades públicas y privadas. La figura de la prescripción se encuentra consagrada en el Artículo 2512 del Código Civil colombiano de 1887. Por esta razón el Habeas Data y la prescripción, se convierten en una herramienta para el ciudadano colombiano con la cual hacen valer la protección al buen nombre, a la intimidad personal y familiar y protección de su información como derecho fundamental

Associate Degree Nursing Programs are firmly entrenched in the academic environment. Creating library services for such programs presents unique challenges to nursing educators and medical librarians who must create an appropriate collection within an established library. Decisions which will affect the way nursing students search for information and which will determine research skills learned must be made in this context. Such decisions as whether to establish a separate collection or integrate it into the general academic collection, and how to best organize such a collection had to be made when Midland College began a new Associate Degree Nursing Program. This article discusses these and other decisions made, the underlying philosophy influencing them, and the way the subsequent problems were handled.V

In addition to four new 9- epi -pimarane diterpenes, the aerial part of Calceolaria foliosa yielded a new bis-diterpene, foliosate, derived from the esterification of malonic acid by two 17-hydroxy-9- ent -7,15-isopimaradiene units. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations.

El Perú es el principal abastecedor de “tara”, gracias a que nuestro país posee una gran variedad de climas y tipos de suelos, haciendo posible la obtención de este cultivo durante la mayor parte del año. El departamento de Junín cuenta con poblaciones naturales de “tara” que aun no han sido caracterizadas bioquímica ni genéticamente, que podrían aprovecharse en beneficio de las comunidades locales. En este trabajo se reporta la capacidad antioxidante de “tara” provenientes de las localidades de Picoy y Santa Fe, ambas ubicadas en Tarma, Junín. Se utilizó la técnica del DPPH y del ABTS para valorar la capacidad antioxidante; para la determinación de fenoles y flavonoides se utilizó el reactivo de Folin-Ciocalteau según la técnica de Singleton. La muestra de Picoy reportó mayor cantidad de fenoles siendo de 563.70 mg/g de extracto seco, mientras que la cantidad de flavonoides fue de 0.664 mg/g. La capacidad antioxidante mostro una mejor respuesta en la muestra de Picoy, reportándose mediante el DPPH un IC50 1.244 mg/ml y con el ABTS un 35.3% de inhibición. Estos datos podrían aprovecharse para incrementar el valor agregado y mejorar la oferta de este recurso en dicha localidad debido a sus mejores características antioxidantes.

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son una de las principales causas de muerte en todo el mundo. El promotor del gen de la lipasa hepática presenta un polimorfismo funcional C-514T que se relaciona con la actividad de la enzima, la variación de los niveles de lipoproteínas y un posible riesgo para desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivos: Establecer la relación del polimorfismo C-514T del promotor del gen de la lipasa hepática con indicadores nutricionales y los niveles de lipoproteínas plasmáticas en una muestra de peruanos saludables. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, asociativo. Lugar: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición Alberto Guzmán Barrón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Participantes: Noventiuna personas sanas de ambos sexos, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 18 y 58 años, voluntarios con consentimiento informado. Intervenciones: Extracción del ADN genómico a partir de muestras sanguíneas según metodología estándar. Toma de medidas antropométricas, estableciéndose los indicadores nutricionales, determinación del perfil lipídico por el método enzimático. Análisis del polimorfismo C-514T mediante la técnica de PCR/RFLP, con primers específicos y digestión con la enzima de restricción NlaIII, detectándose los fragmentos de RFLP por electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida (PAGE) y tinción con nitrato de plata. Principales medidas de resultados: Frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas del gen de la lipasa hepática y relación con parámetros lipídicos y nutricionales. Resultados: Se encontró las frecuencias genotípicas CC=0,143; CT=0,593 y TT = 0,264, siendo la distribución consistente con el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (X2 =3,8024, g.l.=1, p = 0,086). Las frecuencias alélicas fueron alelo C = 0,4395 y el alelo T = 0,5605. Los niveles de colesterol, HDLc, LDLc, TG y los promedios de pliegue subcutáneo, el IMC y el porcentaje de grasa en los genotipos CC, CT y TT, no mostraron diferencias significativas (p > 0,05). Sin embargo, cuando se analizó solo al alelo T (genotipos CT y TT), según rangos de edad y sexo, se verificó diferencias significativas en algunos parámetros. Conclusiones: El genotipo heterocigoto CT y el alelo T, relacionado con una actividad baja de la lipasa hepática, fueron los más frecuentes en esta muestra peruana; además, la presencia del alelo T se asoció a variaciones en los niveles de lipoproteínas e indicadores nutricionales, lo que pudiera tener influencia sobre las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are major causes de death in the world. The hepatic lipase (HL) gene promoter region presents a C-514T functional polymorphism related to enzyme activity, variation of lipoproteins levels and possible cardiovascular disease risk. Objectives: To determine the association of HL gene promoter region polymorphism with both nutritional indicators and lipoproteins levels in a healthy Peruvian sample. Design: Descriptive, transversal, associative study. Setting: Alberto Guzman Barron Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Participants: Ninety healthy male and female volunteers aged 18 to 58 years. Interventions: Genomic DNA was obtained from serum samples according to standard methodology. Anthropometric measurements and lipid profile by enzymatic methods were performed. Polymorphism C-514T in the HL gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were digested with NlaIII and fragments separated by polyacrilamyde gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and stained with silver nitrate. Main outcome measures: HL gene genotypes and alleles frequencies and relation with both lipid and nutritional parameters. Results: We found genotype frequencies CC=0,143; CT=0,593 and TT = 0,264, consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (X2 =3,8024, g.l. = 1, p = 0,086). Alleles frequencies were C allele = 0,4395 and T allele = 0,5605. HDLc, LDLc, TAG cholesterol levels and subcutaneous fold, BMI and fat percentage averages in CC, CT and TT genotypes did not show significant differences (p>0,05). Nevertheless, when T allele was analyzed alone (genotypes CT and TT) according to age and sex there were significant differences (p

polimorfismo funcional Val108/158Met que da lugar a variantes de la enzima que cataliza la o-metilación de las catecolaminas activas, participando en el metabolismo de las drogas y neurotransmisores, como la L-dopa, norepinefrina, epinefrina y dopamina y, por consiguiente, puede asociarse a condiciones neuropsiquiátricas. Objetivos: Determinar las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas del polimorfismo Val108/158Met del gen COMT en sujetos saludables de una población mixta peruana y establecer las implicancias para el estudio genético de enfermedades y otras condiciones neuropsiquiátricas. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal. Lugar: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición ‘Alberto Guzmán Barrón’. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Participantes: Ciento seis personas, hombres y mujeres, clínicamente saludables, sin enfermedades neurológicas ni mentales u otra patología similar, voluntarios con consentimiento informado, sin relación de parentesco, todos residentes en Lima, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre los 18 y 50 años. Intervenciones: Extracción del ADN genómico a partir de células de epitelio bucal, según metodología estándar. Amplificación mediante la PCR con primers específicos y digestión con la enzima de restricción NlaIII. Detección de fragmentos de restricción de longitud polimórfica (RFLP) por electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida al 6%, teñido con nitrato de plata. Principales medidas de resultados: Frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas del gen COMT en población mixta peruana. Resultados: Se encontró las frecuencias genotípicas Met/Met=0,0661, Val/Met=0,5094 y Val/Val=0,4245, siendo la distribución consistente con el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (X2 =3,0317, g.l.=1, p >0,05). Las frecuencias alélicas encontradas fueron alelo Val=0,68 y el alelo Met=0,32. Conclusiones: El genotipo heterocigoto Val/Met y el alelo Val del gen dopaminérgico COMT son los más frecuentes en esta población mixta estudiada. Este polimorfismo Val108/158Met, en interacción gen-gen y gen-medioambiente, debe ser considerado en los estudios de genética neuropsiquiátrica, tanto en poblaciones mixtas como en nativas., Introduction: Dopaminergic catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) gene has a functional polymorphism Val108/158Met that originates enzyme variants that catalyze o-methylation of active catecholamines and participates in drugs and neurotransmitters metabolism including L-dopa, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine and thus may be associated to neuropsychiatric conditions. Objectives: To determine COMT gene genotypes and alleles frequencies in mestizo Peruvian population healthy subjects and its importance in neuropsychiatric genetic studies. Design: Descriptive, observational, transversal study. Setting: Alberto Guzman Barron Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Participants: One hundred and six healthy subjects, male and female volunteers with informed consent, without family relationship or mental and neurological disorders as determined by clinical assessment, all Lima residents, aged between 18 and 50 years. Interventions: Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal epithelium cells to 106 individuals seemingly healthy, previous informed consent, using standard methodology. We typed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the relevant region followed by digestion with N1aIII enzyme and polyacrilamyde gel electrophoresis and silver nitrate stain. Main outcomes measures: COMT gene genotypes and alleles frequencies in mixed Peruvian population. Results: We found frequencies Met/Met genotype=0,0661, Val/Met genotype=0,5094, and Val/Val genotype=0,4245, distribution consistent with Hardy-Weinberg expectations (X2 = 3,0317, g.l.=1, p >0,05). Alleles frequencies were Val allele=0,679 and Met allele=0,321. Conclusions: Val/Met heterozygote and Val allele were significantly more common in the mixed Peruvian population. In gene-gene interaction and gene-environment Val108/158Met polymorphism must be considered in neuropsychiatric genetic studies in both mixed and native populations.