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Objectives: The relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and, especially harm avoidance, self-directedness, and cooperativeness has been determined based on Cloninger's psychobiological personality model; there are not enough studies in the literature on the role of the subdimensions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the patients with MDD and healthy controls in terms of temperament and character traits and especially subdimensions and thus to determine the role and predictive value of temperament and character subdimensions in major depression patients. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 105 participants, 65 of whom were MDD patients, and 40 healthy controls, who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Sociodemographic data form, temperament and character inventory, and Hamilton depression rating scale were administered to the participants. Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients with MDD had lower self-directedness (p<0.001), cooperativeness (p=0.017), persistence (p<0.001), self-transcendence (p=0.001), and higher harm avoidance (p<0.001) scores. While there was no significant difference in novelty seeking (p=0.774); it was determined that MDD patients got higher scores in "Impulsiveness" (p=0.013) and lower scores in "Exploratory excitability" (p=0.001) subscales. Reward dependence has been identified as the only personality trait that there was no significant difference between major depression patients and healthy controls (p=0.511). As a result of the logistic regression analysis performed to determine the predictors of temperament and character subdimensions in major depression patients, only three temperament and character traits "Fatigability, Purposefulness, and Spiritual Acceptance" were determined as significant predictors (p<0.001). Fatigability was determined to be a serious risk factor, increasing the probability of MDD 3.6 times (p<0.001); purposefulness and spiritual acceptance were found to be protective personality traits that together reduced the probability of MDD by 0.8 times (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that the risk of developing MDD is increased in individuals with low self-directedness, cooperativeness, persistence, and self-transcendence profiles, and whereas with prominent Harm avoidance personality traits. Therapeutic interventions, especially considering the temperament and character traits of "Fatigability, Purposefulness, and Spiritual Acceptance" determined in our study, may contribute positively to MDD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: By modifying an interview-based questionnaire (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale: YBOCS-hd), Anton, Moak, and Latham (1995) developed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 14 queries, the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), which includes items to evaluate both total craving and its obsessive and compulsive components. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity and factorial structure of the Turkish translation of the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) in male alcohol dependent inpatients. Method: The study was conducted with hospitalized patients between August 2008 and March 2009 in Bakirkoy State Hospital for Mental Health and Neurological Disorders, AMATEM (Alcohol and Drug Research, Treatment and Education Center) in Istanbul. Participants were 155 consecutively admitted male alcohol dependents. Patients were investigated with the OCDS, the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST), the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The internal consistency of the Turkish version of OCDS was evaluated by the Cronbach's Alpha test, and for validity investigation, the PACS is used. Calculation of both 10 and 14 item solutions according to Dutch (D) and French (F) method and comparison of the results with D, F and Italian studies were done. Results: Turkish version of the both 10 item and 14 item solutions were found to be compatible with original scales. In alcohol dependents, the internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.83 for "Obsessive-D" scale, 0.84 for "Compulsive-D" scale, 0.89 for "OCDS-D", 0.81 for "Obsessive-F" scale, 0.77 for "Compulsive-F" scale and 0.86 for "OCDS-F". For each of the items, the corrected item-total correlation values were between 0.49 and 0.75 (p<0.001) for OCDS-D, whereas they were between 0.52 and 0.78 (p<0.001) for OCDS-F. Test-retest correlations were 0.64 for "Obsessive-D" scale, 0.74 for "Compulsive-D" scale, 0.75 for "OCDS-D", 0.65 for "Obsessive-F" scale, 0.72 for "Compulsive-F" scale, 0.74 for "OCDS-F". Subscale and total scores of OCDS-D and OCDS-F were correlated significantly with MAST, PACS and amount of drinks per day (p<0.001). Discussion: Results which were obtained in this study suggests that the both 10 and 14 item Turkish versions of the OCDS are reliable and valid for alcohol dependent inpatients. Also Turkish version of the scale was found to be compatible with the results of Dutch, French and Italian studies, although 10 item solution did not show superiority to 14 item solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and, especially harm avoidance, self-directedness, and cooperativeness has been determined based on Cloninger's psychobiological personality model; there are not enough studies in the literature on the role of the subdimensions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the patients with MDD and healthy controls in terms of temperament and character traits and especially subdimensions and thus to determine the role and predictive value of temperament and character subdimensions in major depression patients., Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 105 participants, 65 of whom were MDD patients, and 40 healthy controls, who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Sociodemographic data form, temperament and character inventory, and Hamilton depression rating scale were administered to the participants., Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients with MDD had lower self-directedness (p<0.001), cooperativeness (p=0.017), persistence (p<0.001), self-transcendence (p=0.001), and higher harm avoidance (p<0.001) scores. While there was no significant difference in novelty seeking (p=0.774); it was determined that MDD patients got higher scores in "Impulsiveness" (p=0.013) and lower scores in "Exploratory excitability" (p=0.001) subscales. Reward dependence has been identified as the only personality trait that there was no significant difference between major depression patients and healthy controls (p=0.511). As a result of the logistic regression analysis performed to determine the predictors of temperament and character subdimensions in major depression patients, only three temperament and character traits "Fatigability, Purposefulness, and Spiritual Acceptance" were determined as significant predictors (p<0.001). Fatigability was determined to be a serious risk factor, increasing the probability of MDD 3.6 times (p<0.001); purposefulness and spiritual acceptance were found to be protective personality traits that together reduced the probability of MDD by 0.8 times (p<0.001)., Conclusion: This study shows that the risk of developing MDD is increased in individuals with low self-directedness, cooperativeness, persistence, and self-transcendence profiles, and whereas with prominent Harm avoidance personality traits. Therapeutic interventions, especially considering the temperament and character traits of "Fatigability, Purposefulness, and Spiritual Acceptance" determined in our study, may contribute positively to MDD treatment., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None declared., (©Copyright 2022 by The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital - Available online at www.sislietfaltip.org.)