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In this paper we study rigid modules over commutative Noetherian local rings, establish new freeness criteria for certain periodic rigid modules, and extend several results from the literature. Along the way, we prove general Ext vanishing results over Cohen-Macaulay rings and investigate modules which have zero class in the reduced Grothendieck group with rational coefficients., Comment: 12 pages

We prove that the depth formula holds for two finitely generated Tor-independent modules over Cohen-Macaulay local rings if one of the modules considered has finite reducing projective dimension (for example, if it has finite projective dimension, or the ring is a complete intersection). This generalizes a result of Bergh-Jorgensen which shows that the depth formula holds for two finitely generated Tor-independent modules over Cohen-Macaulay local rings if one of the modules considered has reducible complexity and certain additional conditions hold. Each module that has reducible complexity also has finite complexity and finite reducing projective dimension, but not necessarily vice versa. So a new advantage we have is that, unlike modules of reducible complexity, Betti numbers of modules of finite reducing projective dimension can grow exponentially., Comment: 15 pages, Comments are well come

This article investigates the traces of certain modules over rings of invariants associated with finite groups. More precisely, we provide a formula for computing the traces of arbitrary semi-invariants, thereby contributing to the understanding of the non-Gorenstein locus of rings of invariants. Additionally, we discuss applications of this formula, including criteria for rings of invariants to be Gorenstein on the punctured spectrum and nearly Gorenstein, as well as criteria for semi-invariants to be locally free., Comment: 10 pages. Comments are welcome!

We study a modified version of the classical Ulrich modules, which we call $c$-Ulrich. Unlike the traditional setting, $c$-Ulrich modules always exist. We prove that these modules retain many of the essential properties and applications observed in the literature. Additionally, we reveal their significance as obstructions to Cohen-Macaulay properties of tensor products. Leveraging this insight, we show the utility of these modules in testing the finiteness of homological dimensions across various scenarios., Comment: 22 pages

We prove two theorems on the vanishing of Ext over commutative Noetherian local rings. Our first theorem shows that there are no Burch ideals which are rigid over non-regular local domains. Our second theorem reformulates a conjecture of Huneke-Wiegand in terms of the vanishing of Ext, and highlights its relation with the celebrated Auslander-Reiten conjecture. We also discuss several consequences of our results, for example, about the rigidity of the Frobenius endomorphism in prime characteristic p and a generalization of a result of Araya., Comment: 12 pages. Souvik Dey is a new coauthor. One of our main theorems (Theorem 1.2) is improved. Outcomes about the rigidity of the Frobenius endomorphism in prime characteristic are added

We consider fiber products of complete, local, noetherian algebras over a fixed residue field. Some of these rings cannot be minimally resolved with a free resolution using the recent work of the second author. We develop techniques to modify Geller's approach in order to recover the Betti numbers and Poincar\'e series for these fiber products., Comment: 10 pages, comments welcome/encouraged

A semidualizing module is a generalization of Grothendieck's dualizing module. For a local Cohen-Macaulay ring $R$, the ring itself and its canonical module are always realized as (trivial) semidualizing modules. Reasonably, one might ponder the question; when do nontrivial examples exist? In this paper, we study this question in the realm of numerical semigroup rings and completely classify which of these rings with multiplicity at most 9 possess a nontrivial semidualizing module. Using this classification, we construct numerical semigroup rings in any multiplicity at least 9 possesses a nontrivial semidualizing module., Comment: 22 pages, comments welcome

We study the vanishing of (co)homology along ring homomorphisms for modules that admit certain filtrations, and generalize a theorem of O. Celikbas-Takahashi. Our work produces new classes of rigid and test modules, in particular over local rings of prime characteristic. It also gives applications in the study of torsion in tensor products of modules, for example, concerning the Huneke-Wiegand conjecture.

In this paper we consider a question of Roger Wiegand, which is about tensor products of finitely generated modules that have finite projective dimension over commutative Noetherian rings. We construct modules of infinite projective dimension (and of infinite Gorenstein dimension) whose tensor products have finite projective dimension. Furthermore we determine nontrivial conditions under which such examples cannot occur. For example we prove that, if the tensor product of two nonzero modules, at least one of which is totally reflexive (or equivalently Gorenstein-projective), has finite projective dimension, then both modules in question have finite projective dimension., Comment: 14 pages

In this paper we study homological dimensions of finitely generated modules over commutative Noetherian local rings, called reducing homological dimensions. We obtain new characterizations of Gorenstein and complete intersection local rings via reducing homological dimensions. For example, we extend a classical result of Auslander and Bridger, and prove that a local ring is Gorenstein if and only if each finitely generated module over it has finite reducing Gorenstein dimension. Along the way, we prove various connections between complexity and reducing projective dimension of modules., Comment: comments are welcome!

In this paper we are concerned with certain invariants of modules, called reducing invariants, which have been recently introduced and studied by Araya-Celikbas and Araya-Takahashi. We raise the question whether the residue field of each commutative Noetherian local ring has finite reducing projective dimension and obtain an affirmative answer for the question for a large class of local rings. Furthermore, we construct new examples of modules of infinite projective dimension that have finite reducing projective dimension, and study several fundamental properties of reducing dimensions, especially properties under local homomorphisms of local rings., Comment: Comments are welcome!

In this paper we study a long-standing conjecture of Huneke and Wiegand which is concerned with the torsion submodule of certain tensor products of modules over one-dimensional local domains. We utilize Hochster's theta invariant and show that the conjecture is true for two periodic modules. We also make use of a result of Orlov and formulate a new condition which, if true over hypersurface rings, forces the conjecture of Huneke and Wiegand to be true over complete intersection rings of arbitrary codimension. Along the way we investigate the interaction between the vanishing of Tate (co)homology and torsion in tensor products of modules, and obtain new results that are of independent interest., Comment: 18 pages

In this note we study two-dimensional CFTs at large global charge. Since the large-charge sector decouples from the dynamics, it does not control the dynamics and an EFT construction that works in higher-dimensional theories fails. It is however possible to use large charge in a double-scaling limit when another controlling parameter is present. We find some general features of the spectrum of models that admit an NLSM description in a WKB approximation and use the large-charge sector of the solvable $SU(2)_k$ WZW model to argue the regimes of applicability of both the large-Q expansion and the double-scaling limit., Comment: 18 pages. Version accepted in Phys.Rev.D

We introduce and develop the theory of weakly Arf rings, which is a generalization of Arf rings, initially defined by J. Lipman in 1971. We provide characterizations of weakly Arf rings and study the relation between these rings, the Arf rings, and the strict closedness of rings. Furthermore, we give various examples of weakly Arf rings that come from idealizations, fiber products, determinantal rings, and invariant subrings., Comment: 57 pages

In this paper, we consider a depth inequality of Auslander which holds for finitely generated Tor-rigid modules over commutative Noetherian local rings. We raise the question of whether such a depth inequality can be extended for $n$-Tor-rigid modules, and obtain an affirmative answer for 2-Tor-rigid modules that are generically free. Furthermore, in the appendix, we use Dao's eta function and determine new classes of Tor-rigid modules over hypersurfaces that are quotient of unramified regular local rings., Comment: 13 pages, Comments are welcome

We provide a characterization of the almost Gorenstein property of determinantal rings of a symmetric matrix of indeterminates over an infinite field. We give an explicit formula for ranks of the last two modules in the resolution of determinantal rings using Schur functors., Comment: 10 pages

If $M$ is a nonzero finitely generated module over a commutative Noetherian local ring $R$ such that $M$ has finite injective dimension and finite Gorenstein dimension, then it follows from a result of Holm that $M$ has finite projective dimension, and hence a result of Foxby implies that $R$ is Gorenstein. We investigate whether the same conclusion holds for nonzero finitely generated modules that have finite injective dimension and finite reducing Gorenstein dimension, where the reducing Gorenstein dimension is a finer invariant than the classical Gorenstein dimension, in general., Comment: 9 pages

In this paper we study the depth of tensor products of homologically finite complexes over commutative Noetherian local rings. As an application of our main result, we determine new conditions under which nonzero tensor products of finitely generated modules over hypersurface rings can be reflexive only if both of their factors are reflexive. A result of Asgharzadeh shows that nonzero symbolic powers of prime ideals in a local ring cannot have finite projective dimension, unless the ring in question is a domain. We make use of this fact in the appendix and consider the reflexivity of tensor products of prime ideals over hypersurface rings., Comment: 11 pages

We determine the defining equations of the Rees algebra and of the special fiber ring of the ideal of maximal minors of a $2\times n$ sparse matrix. We prove that their initial algebras are ladder determinantal rings. This allows us to show that the Rees algebra and the special fiber ring are Cohen-Macaulay domains, they are Koszul, they have rational singularities in characteristic zero and are F-rational in positive characteristic., Comment: Comments welcome

In this paper, motivated by a work of Luk and Yau, and Huneke and Wiegand, we study various aspects of the cohomological rigidity property of tensor product of modules over commutative Noetherian rings. We determine conditions under which the vanishing of a single local cohomology module of a tensor product implies the vanishing of all the lower ones, and obtain new connections between the local cohomology modules of tensor products and the Tate homology. Our argument yields bounds for the depth of tensor products of modules, as well as criteria for freeness of modules over complete intersection rings. Along the way, we also give a splitting criteria for vector bundles on smooth complete intersections., Comment: Revised version, some typos corrected

In this paper we are concerned with a long-standing conjecture of Huneke and Wiegand. We introduce a new class of ideals and prove thateach ideal from such class satisfies the conclusion of the conjecture in question. We also study the relation between the class of Burch ideals and that of the ideals we define, and construct several examples that corroborate our results., Comment: This is a preprint of an article published in Collectanea Mathematica. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13348-021-00315-8

We analyze the structure of spinor coordinates on resolutions of Gorenstein ideals of codimension four. As an application we produce a family of such ideals with seven generators which are not specializations of Kustin-Miller model., Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables Major changes: 1) Section 2: Background in Representation Theory (new section). 2) Revised section 3 (The background on free resolutions). 3) Revised Definition 4.1, modified the statement of Theorem 4.2, added a new Remark 4.3, and revised the proof of Theorem 4.2. 4) Examples in sections 5, 6, and 7 are also revised

In this paper we study generalized Gorenstein Arf rings; a class of one-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay local Arf rings that is strictly contained in the class of Gorenstein rings. We obtain new characterizations and examples of Arf rings, and give applications of our argument to numerical semigroup rings and certain idealizations. In particular, we generalize a beautiful result of Barucci and Fr\"oberg concerning Arf numerical semigroup rings., Comment: 15 pages

In this paper we revisit an example of Celikbas and Takahashi concerning the reflexivity of tensor products of modules. We study Tor-rigidity and the Hochster--Huneke graph with vertices consisting of minimal prime ideals, and determine a condition with which the aforementioned example cannot occur. Our result, in particular, corroborates the Second Rigidity Theorem of Huneke and Wiegand., Comment: 8 pages

Motivated by a recent result of Yoshino, and the work of Bergh on reducible complexity, we introduce reducing versions of invariants of finitely generated modules over commutative Noetherian local rings. Our main result considers modules which have finite reducing Gorenstein dimension, and determines a criterion for such modules to be totally reflexive in terms of the vanishing of Ext. Along the way we give examples and applications, and in particular, prove that a Cohen-Macaulay local ring with canonical module is Gorenstein if and only if the canonical module has finite reducing Gorenstein dimension.

In this paper we are concerned with absolute, relative and Tate Tor modules. In the first part of the paper we generalize a result of Avramov and Martsinkovsky by using the Auslander-Buchweitz approximation theory, and obtain a new exact sequence connecting absolute Tor modules with relative and Tate Tor modules. In the second part of the paper we consider a depth equality, called the depth formula, which has been initially introduced by Auslander and developed further by Huneke and Wiegand. As an application of our main result, we generalize a result of Yassemi and give a new sufficient condition implying the depth formula to hold for modules of finite Gorenstein and finite injective dimension., Comment: Final version; to appear in Acta Math. Sin. (Engl. Ser.)

We prove that each positive power of the maximal ideal of a commutative Noetherian local ring is Tor-rigid, and strongly-rigid. This gives new characterizations of regularity and, in particular, shows that such ideals satisfy the torsion condition of a long-standing conjecture of Huneke and Wiegand., Comment: 5 pages

In this paper we generalize a result, concerning a depth equality over local rings, proved independently by Araya and Yoshino, and Iyengar. Our result exploits complexity, a concept which was initially defined by Alperin for finitely generated modules over group algebras, introduced and studied in local algebra by Avramov, and subsequently further developed by Bergh., Comment: 8 pages

In this paper we define an interesting family of perfect ideals of codimension three, with five generators, of Cohen-Macaulay type two with trivial multiplication on the Tor algebra. This family is likely to play a key role in classifying perfect ideals with five generators of type two., Comment: 11 pages

Huneke and Wiegand conjectured that, if $M$ is a finitely generated, non-free, torsion-free module with rank over a one-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay local ring $R$, then the tensor product of $M$ with its algebraic dual has torsion. This conjecture, if $R$ is Gorenstein, is a special case of a celebrated conjecture of Auslander and Reiten on the vanishing of self extensions that stems from the representation theory of finite-dimensional algebras. If $R$ is a one-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay ring such that $R=S/(f)$ for some local ring $(S, \mathfrak{n})$, and a non zero-divisor $f \in \mathfrak{n}^2$ on $S$, we make use of Hochster's theta invariant and prove that such $R$-modules $M$ which have finite projective dimension over $S$ satisfy the proposed torsion condition of the conjecture. Along the way we give several applications of our argument pertaining to torsion properties of tensor products of modules.

In 2007 Huneke and Wiegand announced in an erratum that one of the conclusions of their depth formula theorem is flawed due to an incorrect convention for the depth of the zero module. Since then, the deleted claim has remained unresolved. In this paper we give examples to prove that the deleted claim is false, in general. Moreover, we point out several places in the literature which relied upon this deleted claim or the initial argument from 2007., Comment: 5 pages

The long-standing Auslander and Reiten Conjecture states that a finitely generated module over a finite-dimensional algebra is projective if certain Ext-groups vanish. Several authors, including Avramov, Buchweitz, Iyengar, Jorgensen, Nasseh, Sather-Wagstaff, and \c{S}ega, have studied a possible counterpart of the conjecture, or question, for commutative rings in terms of vanishing of Tor. This has led to the notion of Tor-persistent rings. Our main result shows that the class of Tor-persistent local rings is closed under a number of standard procedures in ring theory., Comment: Introduction has been rewritten and terminology has been changed to align with work of Avramov, Iyengar, Nasseh, and Sather-Wagstaff. 5 pages

In this paper we are concerned with the following question: if the tensor product of finitely generated modules $M$ and $N$ over a local complete intersection domain is maximal Cohen-Macaulay, then must $M$ or $N$ be a maximal Cohen-Macaulay? Celebrated results of Auslander, Lichtenbaum, and Huneke and Wiegand, yield affirmative answers to the question when the ring considered has codimension zero or one, but the question is very much open for complete intersection domains that have codimension at least two, even open for those that are one-dimensional, or isolated singularities. Our argument exploits Tor-rigidity and proves the following, which seems to give a new perspective to the aforementioned question: if $R$ is a complete intersection ring which is an isolated singularity such that dim($R$) > codim($R$), and the tensor product $M\otimes_R N$ is maximal Cohen-Macaulay, then $M$ is maximal Cohen-Macaulay if and only if $N$ is maximal Cohen-Macaulay., Comment: This is a pre-print of an article published in Annali di Matematica. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10231-020-01019-9

A conjecture of Huneke and Wiegand claims that, over one-dimensional commutative Noetherian local domains, the tensor product of a finitely generated, non-free, torsion-free module with its algebraic dual always has torsion. Building on a beautiful result of Corso, Huneke, Katz and Vasconcelos, we prove that the conjecture is affirmative for a large class of ideals over arbitrary one-dimensional local domains. Furthermore we study a higher dimensional analog of the conjecture for integrally closed ideals over Noetherian rings that are not necessarily local. We also consider a related question on the conjecture and give an affirmative answer for first syzygies of maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules., Comment: 10 pages and to appear in Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society

Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian Cohen-Macaulay local ring that has positive dimension and prime characteristic. Li proved that the tensor product of a finitely generated non-free $R$-module $M$ with the Frobenius endomorphism ${}^{\varphi^n}\!R$ is not maximal Cohen-Macaulay provided that $M$ has rank and $n\gg 0$. We replace the rank hypothesis with the weaker assumption that $M$ is locally free on the minimal prime ideals of $R$. As a consequence, we obtain, if $R$ is a one-dimensional non-regular complete reduced local ring that has a perfect residue field and prime characteristic, then ${}^{\varphi^n}\!R \otimes_{R}{}^{\varphi^n}\!R$ has torsion for all $n\gg0$. This property of the Frobenius endomorphism came as a surprise to us since, over such rings $R$, there exist non-free modules $M$ such that $M\otimes_{R}M$ is torsion-free.

In 2012, Ananthnarayan, Avramov and Moore gave a new construction of Gorenstein rings from two Gorenstein local rings, called their connected sum. In this article, we investigate conditions on the associated graded ring of a Gorenstein Artin local ring Q, which force it to be a connected sum over its residue field. In particular, we recover some results regarding short, and stretched, Gorenstein Artin rings. Finally, using these decompositions, we obtain results about the rationality of the Poincare series of Q., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1406.7600