Search

Abstract Background Core training is the foundation of physical exercise. The activation of the lateral abdominal wall (LAW) muscles in the core muscles, particularly the transversus abdominal (TrA) muscles, has a stabilizing effect on the chest and abdomen. Therefore, we need to focus on the training effect of the TrA. There are many ways to measure the LAW. Ultrasound can assess the effect of training in real time and intuitively. Therefore, we intend to evaluate the activation of the LAW in different types of core training using ultrasound, to determine the best movements that can activate the TrA and train the core muscles. Methods 22 healthy subjects (male 10, female 12, age 22.82 ± 0.98, BMI 20.78 ± 2.27) were included. The subjects were given the following instructions to perform breathing exercises at different positions: calm breathing and deep breathing at 0° hip flexion and 0° knee flexion; calm breathing, deep breathing, abdominal crunches and ball crunches at 45° hip flexion and 90° knee flexion; and calm breathing, deep breathing, abdominal crunches and ball crunches at 90° hip flexion and 90° knee flexion. The muscle thicknesses of the bilateral transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and LAW muscles were measured using ultrasonography at the end of expiration during the above movements. Results (1) The action with the greatest contraction ratio of the TrA was deep exhalation, which was significantly greater than crunch and ball crunch; (2) During deep exhalation, the TrA had the greatest contraction ratio, significantly greater than the IO and EO. (3) The TrA was thinnest during deep exhalation at 90°, followed by 45° and 0°. Conclusion In healthy young people, deep expiration with 90° hip flexion and 90° knee flexion was the optimal action for activating the LAW, especially the TrA.

Background: Core training is the foundation of physical exercise. The activation of the lateral abdominal wall (LAW) muscles in the core muscles, particularly the transversus abdominal (TrA) muscles, has a stabilizing effect on the chest and abdomen. Therefore, we need to focus on the training effect of the TrA. There are many ways to measure the LAW. Ultrasound can assess the effect of training in real time and intuitively. Therefore, we intend to evaluate the activation of the LAW in different types of core training using ultrasound, to determine the best movements that can activate the TrA and train the core muscles. Methods: 22 healthy subjects (male 10, female 12, age 22.82 ± 0.98, BMI 20.78 ± 2.27) were included. The subjects were given the following instructions to perform breathing exercises at different positions: calm breathing and deep breathing at 0° hip flexion and 0° knee flexion; calm breathing, deep breathing, abdominal crunches and ball crunches at 45° hip flexion and 90° knee flexion; and calm breathing, deep breathing, abdominal crunches and ball crunches at 90° hip flexion and 90° knee flexion. The muscle thicknesses of the bilateral transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and LAW muscles were measured using ultrasonography at the end of expiration during the above movements. Results: (1) The action with the greatest contraction ratio of the TrA was deep exhalation, which was significantly greater than crunch and ball crunch; (2) During deep exhalation, the TrA had the greatest contraction ratio, significantly greater than the IO and EO. (3) The TrA was thinnest during deep exhalation at 90°, followed by 45° and 0°. Conclusion: In healthy young people, deep expiration with 90° hip flexion and 90° knee flexion was the optimal action for activating the LAW, especially the TrA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionThe pandemic caused by COVID-19 has accentuated the debate on the need for vaccination and called into question the need to increasingly bring this topic, which is widely disseminated in the scientific world, to school classes at all schooling phases. In this scenario, science education plays a key role in disseminating knowledge about the importance of vaccination and the impacting factors of a lack of immunization. In order to better understand this movement, it is necessary to understand the representations of individuals as a way of broadening paths to change this scenario.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify and analyse Brazilian primary school children’s social representations of vaccination.MethodsUsing the free word recall technique, the term “vaccination” was applied to evoke children’s ideas. The analysis of co-occurrences of evocations permitted us to identify their representations’ centrality.ResultsThe results showed that the centralizing elements guiding these children’s social representations were “needle,” “pain,” and “health center.”ConclusionThese results show the need to prevent the phobia of needles that arises in the first vaccination experiences and reinforce the importance of discussing the subject of vaccination in science teaching. This issue is even more critical, given the spread and impact of “fake news” on social media. There is an increasing need to emphasize the importance of vaccination, not only as a factor of individual protection but also as a commitment to collective health. This study also showed that the school, as usual, must become an ally in tackling this reality with children and their families.

Forensic psychological expertise is at the beginning of its development and establishment, being used rarely in criminal/civil proceedings. The “status” of forensic psychological expertise is undefined, mainly because of the lack of specialists, as well as because psychologists face negative and skeptical attitudes from legal workers. In this context, the purpose of this research is to reveal the social representations of forensic psychological expertise among specialists working in the legal field. The given research has involved 417 specialists in the legal field (officers of criminal investigation, lawyers, attorneys), aged between 24-62, men and women, with different professional experience in the legal field, who have completed a questionnaire (elaborated by the author). The analysis of the results emphasized the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of specialists regarding the forensic psychological expertise integrated in the structure and silent zone of the social representation.

In this study, we applied a strategy which is systematically varying the central' core in non-fused NFA structure to modulate the optical-electrochemical properties and photovoltaic performance. The optical and structural calculation was analyzed via UV–Vis spectroscopy and DFT calculation. The results exhibit that strong NIR absorption and good planar backbone structure on those non-fused NFAs. Consequently, photovoltaic device based on TT linked acceptor delivered a promising photovoltaic efficiency of 8.37% for as-cast device. These results suggest that the change of central unit is an effective strategy to improve the optoelectronic properties of non-fused NFAs in organic solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Siberian high-pressure system is one of the components of atmospheric circulation affecting the climate of Iran, especially in the cold season of the year. In this research, the place of the initial formation of this system and its synoptic features have been investigated. For this purpose, the lower tropospheric levels of atmospheric data for the three months December to February data from NCEP / NCAR were received for 22 years. Systems with thermal characteristics were isolated. Then, the central core of this system was determined daily for all months and their geographical coordinates were calculated. The results show that in the vast majority of the months from December to February, the main Siberian high-pressure core is located in the lower atmosphere of the Altai Mountains. The study also found that more than half of the days of Siberian high-pressure had two central nuclei. Thus, contrary to popular belief, the Siberian high-pressure core forms not on the low Siberian plains but the high altitudes of the Altai and Sayan Mountains. Adaptation of isothermal, isobaric, and height maps also showed that the core of the cold in the cold three months was generally on the north or northeast of the Siberian desert. However, the high-pressure core was located on these two high mountains for almost a day. Therefore, in addition to cold, the topographic factor (northwest-southeast extension) plays a very important role in the formation of the high-pressure core. According to the general results of research, this high pressure, directly or indirectly, is the cause of colds and cold waves in the cold period of the year, as well as early and late waves in the country.

The research of social representation allow as to shape the social reality of a variety of phenomena, values, objects, etc., and everything around us through the collectiveindividualistic view of society members. At present time, the topic of war has a primary actuality worldwide taking into consideration military actions that take place in Ukraine. The research was started before the military actions initiated by Russian Federation on Ukrainian territory, and continued after – February-April 2022. We would like to mention that the given situation marked as well the results of our research, taking into account the fact that our main topic is military field. In this order of ideas, we researched the social representation of military profession and social representation of military actions. The subjects involved in research are employers with active military status.

INTRODUCTION: During the last two decades, advances in molecular analysis techniques, as well as in gene therapy, have generated changes in the way neuromuscular diseases are approached. Congenital myopathies (CM) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases that primarily affect the muscle fiber, especially the contractile apparatus and the different components that condition its normal functioning. CASE: We present the case of a female patient 9 years and 3 months, with orthopedic alterations since she was 2 months old, hip dysplasia, clubfoot, thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis with genetic study with mutation of the RYR1 gene, compatible with central core myopathy. CONCLUSIONS: The early diagnosis of this pathology allows to improve the quality of life of the patient, as well as an adequate genetic advice to the parents. The objective of the description is to know the main diagnostic manifestations and how to carry out a diagnostic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Swimmer’s shoulder syndrome (SSS) is the most common overuse injury affecting swimmers and surfers. Core stability is crucial to prevent SSS. The study investigated the effect of isokinetic core strength of trunk flexors and extensors and core endurance on shoulder stability in adolescent swimmers with SSS. Methods. The study involved 30 swimmers, assigned to 2 equal groups. The experimental group (A) suffered from SSS; the control group (B) included healthy swimmers with no history of shoulder pain or instability. The mean values of age, body mass, and height were 12.86 ± 1.59 years, 41.73 ± 3.99 kg, and 142.0 ± 3.96 cm, respectively, in group A and 13.2 ± 1.56 years, 42.66 ± 3.9 kg, and 142.26 ± 4.39 cm, respectively, in group B. Isokinetic peak torque (PT) for trunk flexors and extensors was measured with a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. Four functional tests assessed core endurance: side bridge endurance test, static back endurance test, ball bridge test, and unilateral bridge test. Results. There was a statistically significant between-group difference in mean PT of trunk extension at both angular velocities: 60°/s, 180°/s. No significant differences were detected in mean PT of trunk flexion. All functional core stability tests revealed a greater endurance time in group B. Conclusions. Weak core inhibits shoulder muscles, which is a major risk factor for shoulder instability and SSS. It is crucial to incorporate core stability training into the rehabilitation plan to provide proximal stability for obtaining safe and proper distal mobility across the shoulder joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) transports two Ca2+ ions per ATP hydrolyzed from the cytoplasm to the lumen. However, how the ATP hydrolysis remotely drives the Ca2+ transport is unclear. In the SERCA1a crystal structures, the ATP hydrolysis is accompanied by the notably increasing tilting angle of the central core (CC) and the Ca2+ transport, and the CC tilting angle dramatically decreases in the E2 to E1 transition. We demonstrated that the significantly increasing tilting motion of the CC drove the Ca2+ release in the molecular dynamics simulation of the R836A variant, and the dramatic spontaneous decrease in the CC tilting angle of the E2 state triggers the restart of the SERCA1a's transport cycle. The repulsion between the phosphorylated D351 and the phosphate groups in ADP triggers the release of ADP from the SERCA1a headpiece. We proposed a novel SERCA transport mechanism in which ATP hydrolysis drives a significant tilting motion of the CC, which drives Ca2+ transport and the A domain rotational motion in the E1P-ADP-2Ca2+ to E2P transition. The dramatic spontaneous decrease in the CC tilting angle of the E2 state drives the restart of the transport cycle. • The increasing tilting motion of the central core drove the Ca2+ release in the MD simulation of the R836A variant. • The dramatic decrease in the CC tilting angle of the E2 state initiates the restart of the SERCA1a's transport cycle. • The repulsion between the phosphorylated D351 and the phosphate groups in ADP triggers the release of ADP from the headpiece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to display the anatomical landmarks, surgical technique, and clinical outcome of transsylvian transopercular peri-central core hemispherotomy (TTPH) for treating refractory epilepsy., Methods: From 2011 to 2023, 26 patients (12 with Rasmussen syndrome, 8 with hemimegalencephaly/cortical malformations, and 6 with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; mean [range] age 11.3 years [16 months to 35 years]; 13 females; and 13 with right-side pathology) underwent TTPH. The mean (range) follow-up was 88 (14-156) months. The intradural surgical time, use and amount of blood transfusion, postoperative fever, hospital stay, weight at surgery, and seizure onset to surgery interval are reported., Results: TTPH consists of 1) sylvian fissure opening, 2) coagulation of the M2 and M3 branches, 3) frontoparietal opercula removal, 4) suprainsular resection, 5) insula removal, 6) selective amygdalohippocampectomy, 7) disconnection of the posterior temporal and occipital lobes using the tentorium and falx as landmarks, 8) intraventricular callosotomy, and 9) disconnection of the basal frontal lobe. In cortical malformation, the gray-white matter interface serves as a landmark. The average intradural operating time was 7 hours 18 minutes (3 hours 33 minutes to 13 hours 45 minutes); all patients were Engel class I; and 2 patients presented with procedure-related complications (meningitis and transient abducens nerve palsy). No patient required shunt surgery or reoperation., Conclusions: TTPH offers anatomical landmarks as intraoperative guides and has achieved good seizure control and low complication rates.

• A novel dominant mutation (Gly50Ser) in ACTA1 causes mild late onset core-rod myopathy. • Peculiar areas of fuzzy-dark material deposition corresponded to unstructured cores. • Affected members showed mild weakness with high arched palate and sternocleidomastoideus atrophy. • Muscle MRI showed the same pattern of fibro-fatty replacement in all examined probands. • Fiber contractility essay demonstrates a higher calcium sensitivity of force in type i fibers. ACTA1 gene encodes the skeletal muscle alpha-actin, the core of thin filaments of the sarcomere. ACTA1 mutations are responsible of several muscle disorders including nemaline, cores, actin aggregate myopathies and fiber-type disproportion. We report clinical, muscle imaging, histopatological and genetic data of an Italian family carrying a novel ACTA1 mutation. All affected members showed a late-presenting, diffuse muscle weakness with sternocleidomastoideus and temporalis atrophy. Mild dysmorphic features were also detected. The most affected muscles by muscle MRI were rectus abdominis, gluteus minimus, vastus intermedius and both gastrocnemii. Muscle biopsy showed the presence of nemaline bodies with several unusual dark areas at Gomori Trichrome, corresponding to unstructured cores with abundant electrodense material by electron microscopy. The molecular analysis revealed missense variant c.148G> A ; p.(Gly50Ser) in the exon 3 of ACTA1 , segregating with affected members in the family. We performed a functional essay of fibre contractility showing a higher pCa 50 (a measure of the calcium sensitivity of force) of type 1 fibers compared to control subjects' type 1 muscle fibers. Our findings expand the clinico-pathological spectrum of ACTA1 -related congenital myopathies and the genetic spectrum of core-rod myopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to identify the structure and content of the Social Representation (SR) of health professionals regarding elderly subjects with mental health disorders and compare the latter to the lay Social Representation identified in the literature. The structure and content of the SR of health professionals was examined in 790 careproviders from the 'Grand Est' region of France through the use of the free and hierarchical associations methodology of Abric and Vergés. A prototypical and categorical analysis as well as a similarity analysis and factorial correspondence analysis were applied to the results. Analysis of the collated data revealed that the items 'chronic', 'dependent', 'behavior disorders', 'memory disorders', 'solitude' and 'social isolation' were the characteristic components of the central core of the social representation. Only the peripheral elements were more sensitive to the field of practice of each profession. These findings thus highlight that the SR of health professionals is substantially identical to that of the all-comer SR on several dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidisciplinary which is articulated around savings, puts into perspective an object of scientific research with symbolic, relational and institutional dimensions far beyond its economic dimension. This article analyzes the cognitive dimension and more specifically the structure (central core and peripheral system) of the social representation of savings through the use of the object recognition technique. It shows, after mixed surveys (qualitative and quantitative), carried out among households of cocoa farmers, that the modes of informal savings constitute the central structure and the modes of formal savings, the elements constituting the peripheral system of the social representation of savings. As a result, the mobilization of savings in this specific context is much more dependent on social functions such as maintaining relationships (affinity, marriage, solidarity), belonging to social groups (cooperative, association, mutual). more than productive and investment functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Previous research on bracing members show that the ductility of bracing members is compromised due to the buckling phenomena. Therefore, many researchers have tried to use special considerations to increase the fracture life of bracing members. Some of these recommendations such as increasing the slenderness ratio, using lower width to thickness ratio, increasing the out-of-plane stiffness of middle connection to increase the fracture life of the bracing members can be used in seismic upgrading of bracing members. In this paper, the buckling behavior of a special type of concentrically braced frame termed as yielding damped braced core is investigated for different percentage of central core. Empirical studies shows that separation of X-braces by central frame, influence the buckling behavior of the system and leads to occurrence of buckling in second mode shape in accordance with two half-sine wave. The theoretical studies shows that the buckling strength of the system increases in proportion to increase in central core rigidity. Using more flexible central core, results in increase the possibility of instability and vice versa. Hence, to enhance the buckling behavior of the system, it is strongly recommended to use a central core with proper rigidity.

Background and Objective: Pathogenic variants of RYR1, the gene encoding the principal sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel (RyR1) with a crucial role in excitation-contraction coupling, are among the most common genetic causes of non-dystrophic neuromuscular disorders. We recently conducted a questionnaire study focusing on functional impairments, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with RYR1-related diseases (RYR1-RD) throughout the recognized disease spectrum. In this previous questionnaire study the medical perspective was taken, reflective of a study protocol designed by neurologists and psychologists. With this present study we wanted to specifically address the patient perspective., Methods: Together with affected individuals, family members, and advocates concerned with RYR1-RD, we developed an online patient survey that was completed by 227 patients or their parents/other caretakers (143 females and 84 males, 0-85 years). We invited 12 individuals, representing most of the patient group based on age, sex, race, and type and severity of diagnosis, to share their personal experiences on living with a RYR1-RD during an international workshop in July 2022. Data were analyzed through a mixed-methods approach, employing both a quantitative analysis of the survey results and a qualitative analysis of the testimonials., Results: Data obtained from the combined quantitative and qualitative analyses provide important insights on six topics: 1) Diagnosis; 2) Symptoms and impact of the condition; 3) Physical activity; 4) Treatment; 5) Clinical research and studies; and 6) Expectations., Conclusions: Together, this study provides a unique patient perspective on the RYR1-RD spectrum, associated disease impact, suitable physical activities and expectations of future treatments and trials, and thus, offers an essential contribution to future research.

This article aims at studying a possible articulation between the theory of the central core of social representations and the theory of the organizing principles. The confrontation of the results of three research undertaken in connection with the social representation of the studies (two already published and one original) in three distinct populations indicates deep differences in terms of core between these populations but an important transversality of the organizing principles of the standpoints. The assumption thus is put forth that the organizing principles constitute the common base of diversified standpoints according to the social position of the groups and that, among these standpoints, some are the object of strong consensus inside the groups and thus constitute the central system of their representation. This assumption implies that common organizing principles could report different representations in terms of central system.

Copyright of Saber, Ciencia y Libertas is the property of Saber, Ciencia y Libertad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research is part of the project of generalization of the 30 km/h in Angers (France) that funded the study. It aims at providing material to build awareness campaigns for young drivers. The goal is to understand their representations of the 30 km/h within the structural approach of social representations. We focus on the “calling into question” technique in order to confirm the central core composition. The sample is composed of French students living in Angers. Results reveal the role of both historical aspects and the experience of driving in the structuration of the representation. Drivers and non-drivers do not have the same representation of the 30 km/h. Men and women share the same representation under the definition of the central core theory. But our results highlight peripheral differences related to individuals’ practices. Finally, we discuss the definition of representational elements and we explain the relevance of this study for communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basándose en la teoría del núcleo central (Abric, 1976, 1987), el objetivo del estudio fue analizar la representación social que jóvenes en formación profesional tienen sobre el desempleo masculino y femenino. En el estudio participaron 231 jóvenes de 3 centros de formación tecnológica elegidos intencionadamente del Departamento de los Pirineos Atlánticos en Francia, los que respondieron a un cuestionario con preguntas de evocación y de refutación. Los resultados del análisis lexicográfico y categorial mostraron las especificidades del desempleo femenino, organizado en relación a la dimensión familiar, y las del masculino, organizado en relación a la dimensión individual. Los porcentajes de refutación, por su parte, mostraron que los elementos centrales del desempleo femenino y del masculino son los mismos. Estos resultados evidencian la organización en base al género de la representación social del desempleo, en la que sigue vigente la asignación tradicional de los roles de género.Based on the theory of the central core (Abric, 1976, 1987), the aim of the study was to analyze the social representation of male and female unemployment held by young people with vocational training studies. In the study 231 students from 3 purposively chosen technology training centers in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Department in France completed a questionnaire containing evocation and refutation items. The results of the lexicographic and categorical analysis showed the specificities of female unemployment, organized along the family dimension and of male unemployment, organized around the individual dimension. In contrast, percentages related to the refutation questionnaires showed the same core elements in both female and male unemployment. These results suggest that the social representation of unemployment is differently organized as a function of gender, thus implying that the traditional views of gender roles still persist.

Este artículo describe la representación social de la vida cotidiana de jóvenes entre 20 y 30 años, de distintos niveles socio-económicos, combinando un abordaje procesual y otro estructural. Se presentan resultados preliminares sobre la estructura -núcleo central y elementos periféricos- de la representación social de vida cotidiana. Se administró un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos construido ad hoc, la evocación jerarquizada de palabras y una escala Likert sobre vida cotidiana, realizada a partir de las entrevistas en profundidad de la primera etapa de la investigación. Las asociaciones libres jerarquizadas se analizaron a través del software SPSS 11.5. Los resultados indican la centralidad de la representación social de la familia y de los vínculos afectivos cercanos. Las actividades denotan la existencia de contradicciones entre diferentes niveles sociales, teniendo mayor dispersión las calificaciones individuales con asociaciones semánticamente opuestas que pueden responder a la presencia de grupos minoritarios y representaciones sociales polémicas.This article describes everyday life social representations of young people, ages between 20 and 30 years old, of different social-economic levels, combining a processual and a structural approach. Preliminary results about the identification of the structure - the central core and the periphery elements - of everyday life social representation are presented. A sociodemographic data questionnaire constructed ad hoc, an hierarchical words evocation and a Likert scale on everyday life, constructed starting from depth interviews fulfilled in the first research stage, were administered. Free hierarchical associations were analyzed with the SPSS 11.5 software. The results show the centrality of family and near affective bonds social representations. The activities indicate the existence of contradictions between different social levels. There is a higher dispersion of individual judgments with opposite semantic associations which show the presence of minority groups and polemic social representations.

Neste estudo, a depressão pós-parto foi abordada sob a ótica psicossociológica, objetivando apreender e descrever a estrutura central e periférica das representações sociais de mães puérperas. Foram aplicados a técnica de associação livre de palavras, um questionário biodemográfico e a Escala de Edinburg, em 84 participantes de baixa renda e usuárias de um serviço público de saúde. Observou-se uma incidência de 33% de mães puérperas com sintomatologia de depressão. Para o estímulo indutor "depressão", emergiram, no núcleo central, os elementos de tristeza e aperreio, e na zona periférica evidenciaram-se as representações sociais que se alternaram entre paraíso e padecimento. A condição de ser mãe e ter filho, de acordo com o núcleo central, causa contentamento, gera alegria e prazer e, simultaneamente, está associada ao sofrimento psíquico, à representação social da depressão pós-parto. A constatação desses elementos antagônicos presentes nas representações sociais sinaliza para a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados.In this study, the postpartum depression was dealt with under the psychosociologic view, aiming to learn and describe the central and peripheral structure of postnatal mothers' social representations. To eighty-four participants of low income and users of health public service were applied the free words association, a bio-demografic questionnaire and the Edinburg's Scale. An incidency of 33% of postnatal mothers with depression symptomatology was noticed. For the inductor stimulus "depression", emerged, on the central core, the elements of sadness and harassment, and on the peripheral zone became evident the social representations that changed between paradise and suffering. The condition of being mother and have child, in accordance with the central core, causes contentment, produces happiness and pleasure and, simultaneously, is associated to the psychic suffering, the social representation of postpartum depression. The verification of these antagonistic elements present on the social representations signalize for the necessity of more deepen studies.

The essence of architectural design rests upon in kind of manipulation between dualism central core and external envelope of any architectural composition; there are some compositions that are concerned with the external envelope,while other compositions the outer shell is result of the interned division. Besides there are other compositions that blend the central core and the external envelope in a harmonious dialogue. This combination between central core and the external envelope touch this diversity in houses of Biskra city through different periods of time to create a comfortable thermal environment. The dry areas, which are distributed on a large scale over the space of Algeria, characterized by climate is hot and dry. We found Morphological diversity in houses of this region that reflects primarily adaptation to climatic conditions, social and economic through different periods. In our research, we depend on the experimental method through digital simulation technology program ECOTECT to calculate data, for various thermal models. in addition in the selection of network studied models we adopted to the variables morphology of both core and the external envelope of the dwelling which are: 1) the oceanic layer, 2) type of the core 3) type of the external envelope. Then we calculated the temperature of various houses layers to make comparisons between various layers and various models. The results of this study came to show the laws that control heat in the atmosphere and that is affected by alphabet elements of local architecture of Biskra region. These laws allow the architect to manipulate to these elements to search for improved thermal yield of the building and control of energy consumption in the range of what is available to him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A "Abordagem Estrutural" das representações sociais define uma representação social como uma organização, que é atravessada por diferentes dimensões e não como um conjunto de eventos e processos puramente cognitivos. No estado atual da teoria, propomos o princípio que a dimensão afetiva observa uma relação "não-aleatória" com o núcleo central. Dois estudos anteriores são brevemente descritos, assim como os resultados acerca de três representações, ("menino de rua", "estudos superiores"e "família"), com o intuito de apresentar uma perspectiva de estudo que parece indicar que as relações entre elementos "semânticos" e "afetivamente carregados" não são aleatórias. Os dados corroboram a tese de que o Núcleo Central das representações organiza igualmente a distribuição das cargas afetivas no conjunto da representação social. As pesquisas, aqui apresentadas, correspondem a uma primeira aproximação exploratória das relações existentes entre a estrutura e a impregnação afetiva dos elementos de uma representação.The "Structural Approach" of social representations defines a social representation as an organization which comprises different dimensions and not as a group of purely cognitive events and processes. In the present state of theory, we propose the principle that the affective dimension maintains a random relationship with the Central Core. Two previous studies are briefly described as well as the results concerning three representations ("street children", "higher education" and "family") in order to present a perspective that seems to indicate that the relationships between "semantic" and "affectively charged" elements are random. The data seem to confirm the principle that the Central Core of social representations equally organizes the distribution of the affective charges on the social representation as a whole. The studies presented here correspond to a first exploratory approach of the relationships between the structure of a representation and the affective impregnation of representation elements.

The "Structural Approach" of social representations defines a social representation as an organization which comprises different dimensions and not as a group of purely cognitive events and processes. In the present state of theory, we propose the principle that the affective dimension maintains a random relationship with the Central Core. Two previous studies are briefly described as well as the results concerning three representations ("street children", "higher education" and "family") in order to present a perspective that seems to indicate that the relationships between "semantic" and "affectively charged" elements are random. The data seem to confirm the principle that the Central Core of social representations equally organizes the distribution of the affective charges on the social representation as a whole. The studies presented here correspond to a first exploratory approach of the relationships between the structure of a representation and the affective impregnation of representation elements.

Based on the theories of social representation (SC) and Central Core (CC), a structural study was undertaken regarding the neologism hanseníase (Hansen's disease), the term adopted by Brazil's Ministry of Health in the 1970s. Carried out during 2001, this study interviewed eight hundred housewives residing in the Rio de Janeiro and Duque de Caxias municipalities. It found that Hansen's disease is part of a process of modernization of common thinking, anchored in the traditional representation of leprosy. This finding is understandable from the perspective that the central structure of a social representation has a historical determination, so short- and middle-term changes are not to be expected. Furthermore, there has been no ongoing investment in social marketing to make the new terminology more widely known. The authors discuss the relation between social representation and the concept of the history of mentalities.

The article classifies the different structural arrangements of tall buildings, providing examples of each group and indicating their working principles and range of application. These groups are classified as: frame buildings, shear walls, the tube in all its variations of tube in tube, bundled tube and trussed tube, structures with central core, with or without lateral support, space trusses and a final diverse group of new proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Psychology / Psihologie Socială is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Onco.news is the property of Portuguese Association of Oncology Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)