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Cerococcus artemisiae (Cockerell) (Fig. 67) Lecaniodiaspis artemisiae Cockerell 1897, 514. Type data: USA, New Mexico, Embudo, on Artemisia sp., 25/09/1897, by T.D.A. Cockerell. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Lambdin & Kosztarab 1977, 60 –64). Type depository: USNM. Solenophora coloradensis Cockerell 1898, 262. Type data: USA, Colorado, Cañon City, on Atriplex canescens, by E. Bethel. Syntypes, female. Type depository: USNM. Junior synonym (Lambdin & Kosztarab 1977, 2). Cerococcus coloradensis (Cockerell); Green 1917, 80. Change of combination. Cerococcus artemisiae (Cockerell); Ferris 1955, 31. Change of combination. Material examined. USA, New Mexico, Embudo, on Artemisia sp. (Compositae), no date, Cockerell coll (USNM, loan 2017544) (Cockerell collection, USNM): 1/1ad ♂ (fair, with head slightly deformed and most of one antenna missing). Mounted material: quite small, total body length about 1.12 mm; antennae distinctly rather short; body with very few setae, fleshy setae (fs) on body possibly absent, fs on legs similar to hs but broader; length of fs on antennae about equal to width of antennal segments. Wings about 3/4 total body length and about 4/9th as wide as long. Head: appearing rather oval in dorsal view; width across genae about 170 μm. Median crest (mc) broadest posteriorly and reticulated; with (on each side) 3–5 hs dorsal head setae (dhs) + 4 simple pore-like structures; preoccipital ridge (por) absent. Mid-cranial ridge: dorsal ridge (dmcr) present but short; ventral ridge (vmcr) apparently absent; with a narrow area of reticulation anteriorly, which quickly broadens posteriorly, fusing with ocular sclerite (ocs); with a total of 7 hs ventral mid-cranial ridge setae (vmcrs) anterior to ocular sclerite. Genae (g) with rather faint polygonal reticulations, each reticulation quite large and without inner microridges; genal setae (gs) absent. Eyes: with two pairs of round simple eyes; dorsal eyes (dse) subequal in width to ventral eyes (vse), each 34–42 μm wide. Ocelli (o) absent. Ocular sclerite (ocs) sclerotised and polygonally reticulated throughout, each reticula- tion quite large, without inner microridges. Preocular ridge (procr) with ventral arm extending to almost level with lateral margin of ventral eyes; dorsal arm extending to anterior margin of dorsal eyes, where it fuses with extension from postocular ridge. Postocular ridge (pocr) strongly developed, extending dorsally past posterior margin of each dorsal eye where it divides, anterior arm extending around margin of simple eye (becoming less sclerotised ventrally, where it fuses with preocular ridge) and posterior arm extending a short distance medially. Dorsal ocular setae (docs) absent. With a strong sclerotised ridge extending posteriorly from between ventral eyes almost to preoral ridge. Ventral head setae (vhs): 7 hs on each side, between and anterior to each ventral eye; without setae posterior and laterad to ventral eyes. Preoral ridge (pror) possibly moderately well developed. Cranial apophysis (ca) possibly rounded but unclear. Antennae: 10-segmented and filiform; 502 μm long (ratio of total body length to antennal length 1:0.45). Scape (scp): 34–37 μm long, 50 μm wide, with 2 hs on ventral surface and 2 hs on dorsal surface. Pedicel (pdc): length 50–53 μm, width 36–39 μm; with a few concentric ridges; with 4 or 5 fs + 6 hs. Segments III–X each 19–23 μm wide: fs 19–23 μm long; lengths of segments (μm): III 68–75; IV 58; V 56; VI 60; VII 50; VIII 46 and IX 42; ap- proximate number of setae per segment: III 0 fs + 2–4 hs + 1 sensilla basiconica; IV 10 fs + 5–7 hs; V 11 fs + 3 hs; VI 17 fs + 2 hs; VII 10 fs + 6 hs; VIII 10 fs + 1 hs; IX 10 fs + 3 hs (bristles, if present, undifferentiated). Segment X 50 μm long; not constricted apically; with 4 capitate setae (cap), 10 fs, 2 sensilla basiconica (sb); and with 3 or 4 bristles but these not obviously differentiated. Thorax. Prothorax: pronotal ridge (prnr) well-developed but not fused dorsally; with a slight, striated, lateral pronotal sclerite (prn); without lateral pronotal (lpns) setae. Medial pronotal setae, post-tergites and post-tergital setae absent. Sternum (stn 1): median ridge not sclerotised but with radial ridges; with a quite strong transverse ridge; without prosternal setae (stn 1 s). Anteprosternal (astn 1 s) and antemesospiracular setae (am 2 s) absent. Mesothorax: prescutum (prsc) 54 μm long but probably laterally folded and therefore probably longer; 124 μm wide; sclerotised but not reticulated; prescutal ridges (pscr) and prescutal suture (pscs) well developed. Scutum (sct): median membranous area 132 μm wide, 62 μm long; scutal setae (scts) absent; lateral margins sclerotised but not reticulated; prealar ridge quite well developed. Scutellum (scl) 145 μm wide, 66 μm long; with an inverted Ushaped scutellar ridge (sclr); probably not tubular but with a large foramen; scutellar setae (scls) absent. Basisternum (stn 2) 251 μm wide, 133 μm long; without a median ridge (mdr), but bounded anteriorly by a strong marginal ridge (mr) and posteriorly by strong precoxal ridges (pcr 2); without basisternal setae (stn 2 s); lateropleurite (lpl) broad, with a fairly strong extension from marginal ridge anteriorly; furca (f) well developed, narrow-waisted, arms very divergent and extending about 2/3rds to marginal ridge. Mesopostnotum (pn 2) and postnotal apophysis (pna) well developed. Area bounded anteriorly by scutellum and laterally and posteriorly by mesopostnotum not sclerotised. Mesepisternum (eps 2) not reticulated; subepisternal ridge well developed. Postalare (pa) not reticulated anteriorly; without postalare setae (pas). Mesothoracic spiracle (sp 2): peritreme 23 μm wide. Postmesospiracular setae (pm 2 s) absent. Tegula (teg) present, with 1 or 2 hs tegular setae (tegs) on each side. Metathorax: with a single pair of metatergal setae (mts). Dorsospiracular setae (dss) absent. Dorsal part of metapleural ridge (plr 3) absent and without a suspensorial sclerite (ss). Ventral part of metapleural ridge well developed; metepisternum (eps 3) unsclerotised anteriorly, without postmetaspiracular setae (eps 3 s) on either side. Metepimeron (epm 3) sclerotised but without setae. Antemetaspiracular setae (am 3 s) absent. Metathoracic spiracle (sp 3): width of peritreme 22–25 μm. Metasternum (stn 3) membranous, without either anterior metasternal setae (amss) or posterior metasternal setae (pmss). Wings: hyaline, possibly 900 μm long, 375–400 μm wide (ratio of length to width 1:0.43; ratio of total body length to wing length 1:0.73); alar lobe (al) and alar setae (als) absent. Hamulohalteres absent. Legs: metathoracic legs possibly marginally longest. Coxae (cx) lengths: I 86–95; II 95–100; III 91 μm long; coxa III with 12–15 fs + 11 hs; long apical setae on each coxa 46–50 μm long. Trochanter (tr) + femur (fm): I 211–216; II 186–191; III 207–220 μm long; trochanter III with about 3 or 4 fs + 3–5 hs; long trochanter seta up to 41–44 μm; femur III with 20–22 fs + 22–25 hs. Tibia (ti): I 165–170; II 161–174; III 195 μm; tibia III with a total of 27–36 setae, mainly fs and hs, a few becoming spur-like on distal third of leg; with one fairly thin apical spur (tibs), length 19–24 μm. Tarsi (ta): I 99–104; II 107–112; III 103–116 μm long (ratio of length of tibia III to tarsus III 1:0.56); tarsus III with 32 or 33 setae, mainly spur-like; tarsal spurs barely differentiated, each 21 μm long; tarsal campaniform pore present; tarsal digitules (tdt) significantly shorter than claw. Claws (c) quite long and thin, rather longer than width of tarsi, slightly curved, with a strong denticle; length: III 26 μm; claw digitules (cdt) slightly longer than claw. Abdomen: segments I–VII: tergites (at) and sternites (as) slightly sclerotised. Caudal extension (ce) of segment VII absent. Dorsal setae (ads) (totals): segments I–VII each with 2 or 3 hs. Pleural setae: dorsopleural setae (dps) (on each side): III–V each with 1 hs; VI & VII each with 0–2 hs; ventropleural setae (vps) (on each side): one seta on one side of segment V. Ventral setae (avs) (totals): II 2 hs; III 3 hs; IV–VII each with 4 hs. Segment VIII: tergite (at) slightly sclerotised, with 4 hs (ante-anal setae (aas)?); sternite (as) more heavily sclerotised, with 2 hs ventral abdominal setae (avs); caudal extension (ce) absent but with 0–3 hs dorsopleural setae. Glandular pouches (gp) absent. Genital segments: penial sheath (segment IX and style fused) forming a single triangular structure; total length from base of sternite VIII 166 μm (ratio of total body length to penial sheath length 1:0.15); width at base of sternite VIII 96 μm. Penial sheath broad anteriorly, with a sclerotised border; ventrally possibly rather membranous but without an obvious basal membranous area; rather more sclerotised dorsally; ventrally with basal rod (bra) dividing anterior end into two lateral areas, each lateral membranous area + margin with 2 or 3 long hs + 4 or 5 short hs; dorsally with 1 long and 1 short setose seta. Penial sheath rapidly tapering to a fine apex posteriorly, sclerotised, particularly posteriorly. Basal rod (bra) extending anteriorly to margin of sternite VIII: length 43 μm anterior to aedeagus and with no posterior extension. Aedeagus (aed) sword-shaped, but with a narrow membranous margin along dorsal surface; probably usually held within groove on ventral surface of penial sheath but displaced to one side on slide; length 116 μm (ratio of aedeagus length to anterior part of basal rod length 1:0.37); apex almost at tip of style. Style with 5 short setae on each margin posterior to base of aedeagus, and with 6 small sensilla near apex. Comment. Cerococcus artemisiae differs from the other two species described here (character-states on other two species in brackets): head: (i) poorly developed dorsal mid-cranial ridge (well developed); (ii) absence of ventral mid-cranial ridge (well developed); (iii) “interocular ridge” joining preocular ridge to postocular ridge present dorsad to dorsal simple eyes (ventral to simple eyes); (iv) presence of small pores on median crest (absent); (v) ocular sclerite with no setae laterad to ventral eyes (abundant laterad to vse), and (viii) preocular ridge well developed (poorly developed or absent). Abdomen: (i) some dorsal abdominal setae present on each segment (absent), and (ii) glandular pouch and glandular pouch setae absent (present). These differences suggest that C. artemisiae (from the New World) is significantly different from the two Antecerococcus species (from the Old World) described below. C. artemisiae shares with A. indicus described below: (i) absence of reticulations on mesothorax; (ii) apparently only one tibial spur per leg, and (iii) absence of dorsospiracular setae (present on A. ornatus)., Published as part of Hodgson, Chris, 2020, A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males, pp. 1-264 in Zootaxa 4765 (1) on pages 170-173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4765.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3774174, {"references":["Cockerell, T. D. A. (1897) New insects from Embudo, New Mexico. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 20 (120), 510 - 515. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939709487392","Lambdin, P. L. & Kosztarab, M. P. (1977) Morphology and systematics of the adult females of the genus Cerococcus (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Cerococcidae). Research Division Bulletin Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 128, 1 - 252.","Cockerell, T. D. A. (1898) The coccid genus Solenophora in the United States. Psyche, 8, 262 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1898 / 12036","Green, E. E. (1917) A list of Coccidae affecting various genera of plants. Annals of Applied Biology, 4, 75 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7348.1917. tb 05905. x","Ferris, G. F. (1955) Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America, v. 7, the Families Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae and Lacciferidae. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California, 233 pp."]}

Cerococcus corymbosus Fletcher, nomen nudum. Cerococcus corymbosus Ftcher, 1917: 252. Note: Fletcher refers to Cerococcus corymbosus but gives no description and does not cite an author for this species (Miller et al. 2005)., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus indonesiensis Lambdin & Kosztarab Cerococcus indonesiensis Lambdin & Kosztarab 1977: 125���128. Type details. INDONESIA, on Piper nigrum, 14.iv. 1955, H.V. Gouldman. Depository: USNM: holotype adf (USNM, type no. 55���1052, on left side of slide) + a paratype adf on right side. These are the only type specimens. Material studied. Holotype and paratype ff: INDONESIA, on Piper nigrum (Piperaceae), 14.iv. 1955, H.V. Gouldman (USNM): 1 / 2 adff (g). Comment. This species does not fit into the genera Cerococcus, Cerochiton or Antecerococcus as defined here. In lacking both anteroventral sclerotizations on the anal lobes and large 8 -shaped pores marginally on the dorsum of the posterior abdominal segments, it does not fall within Antecerococcus, whilst the fleshy setae on the dorsal surface of each anal lobe are quite long and fleshy and there is no line of three setose setae along the inner margins of each lobe, and so it appears not to belong to Cerococcus. It also lacks a lattice-like pattern of 8 -shaped pores and the stigmatic pore bands typical of species of Cerochiton. Also, as it has abundant 8 -shaped pores throughout the dorsum, it does does not fit into Asterococcus. On the other hand, it does have a (short and spinose) seta ventrally near the apex of each anal lobe (typical of Antecerococcus). It also differs from all other known species of Cerococcidae in having a single, large cone-like spine in a deep cavity in each antenna and perhaps no other fleshy or setose antennal setae. It is also very unusual in having an incomplete posterior stigmatic pore band, with the spiracular disc-pores restricted to a group just anterior to each peritreme. Antecerococcus eremobius also has aborted stigmatic pore bands but the latter is otherwise a typical species of Antecerococcus. Our observations differ from those of Lambdin and Kosztarab (1977) as follows: (i) the antennal spine is deeply embedded in a cavity in each antenna (in their key, Lambdin and Kosztarab state ���antennae without slender and/or fleshy setae but with a median spinelike sclerotization��� whilst in their description, they state ���... with fleshy and slender setae��� and do not mention the spine!); (ii) multilocular disc-pores are present on the metathorax, with four or five laterad to each leg stub and 11 medially (not found); (iii) the apex of each stigmatic pore band is divided by a transverse band of 8 -shaped pores (not mentioned), and (iv) a few ventral 8 -shaped pores are present near the mouthparts. The adult female of C. indonesiensis is characterised by the following combination of character-states of Kosztarab and Lambdin in brackets: (i) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum randomly distributed, not in a lattice-like pattern; (ii) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum of three sizes, all quite small; (iii) larger pores restricted to near stigmatic pore bands; intermediate-sized and smallest pores abundant throughout rest of dorsum; (iv) cribriform plates in a submedial group of two on each side of abdominal segment IV; (v) tubular ducts on dorsum of one size only; (vi) multilocular disc-pores in bands across all abdominal segments and on metathorax; (vii) anterior stigmatic pore bands complete, posterior stigmatic pore bands each aborted, restricted to a small group of spiracular disc-pores just anterior to each peritreme; (viii) antennae with a large cone-like spine embedded in a cavity in each antenna; other setae possibly absent, and (ix) leg stubs present., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on page 163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus andinus Leonardi Cerococcus andinus Leonardi 1911: 11. Type details. ARGENTINA, Cacheuta, on Tricycla patagonica, 15.ii. 1909, L. Iches. Syntype ff (see note below). Depositories: USNM: 1 / 2 adff (labelled cotype) + 3 / 6 adff and 1 / 1 second-instar + 1 first-instar nymph (all dated 15 th Feb. 1909; remounted by Lambdin, PL 213 a-c). BMNH: ARGENTINA, on Tricycla cachueta, 15 th Feb, 1909, G. Leonardi (BM 80-241): 1 / 1 bits. IEAP: 2 / 4 adff (not checked). Notes: Miller et al. (2005 a) indicate that, although Lambdin & Kosztarab (1977 a) state that adult female paratypes are in the USNM, Miller et al. could find no evidence of a type designation and therefore suggest that these specimens must be considered syntypes. Also the slides studied below, clearly dated August, are therefore probably not part of the type series although Miller (pers. comm.) considers that it is possible that the dates could have been incorrectly written. Miller et al. also point out that there has been some confusion about the collector of the type material. Lambdin & Kosztarab (1977) give the collector as Leonardi, but Miller et al. consider that it is clear from Leonardi's original description that the material was collected by L. Iches and sent to Leonardi by F. Lahille. Also, the International Plant Name Index does not list either Tricycla patagonica or T. cachueta; it is not clear as to which species these names refer. Material studied. ARGENTINA, Cachueta, on Tricycla cachueta (Nyctaginaceae), Aug. 15 1909, Leonardi (USNM): 1 / 2 adff (f���g); also Cachueta, on Tricycla ��� patagonica ��� (=? T. peruviana), Aug. 15 1909, prob. Leonardi (USNM): 2 / 6 adff (f). Comment. Cerococcus andinus is currently only known from Argentina. The material studied agrees well with the description in Lambdin and Kosztarab (1977). The multilocular disc-pores are only present in five bands across the abdominal segments. It is here considered that the most anterior band is on abdominal segment II and so the most posterior band is on segment VI. There are therefore no multilocular disc-pores on segments VII and VIII or on the metathorax. Cerococcus andinus is somewhat similar to C. parrotti (see key) but is immediately separable due to the absence of leg stubs (present in the latter species) and the oval-shaped cribriform plates (roundish in C. parrotti). The adult female of C. andinus is characterised by the following combination of character-states: (i) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum not in a reticulate pattern but in a sparse swirled pattern; (ii) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum of just one size; (iii) apex of each stigmatic band with two or three 8 -shaped pores; (iv) two���four cribriform plates present submedially on each side of abdominal segment IV; (v) tubular ducts of 2 sizes present, broadest medially on posterior abdominal segments, narrower abundant elsewhere; (vi) multilocular disc-pores present in bands onepore wide across abdominal segments II���VI but absent on metathorax; (vii) stigmatic pore bands bifurcated; (viii) stigmatic pore bands with few spiracular disc-pores, and (ix) leg stubs absent. In the key to adult females of Cerococcus, C. andinus keys out close to C. parrotti from North America., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on page 152, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus quercus Comstock (Plate 2) Cerococcus quercus Comstock 1882: 213. Type details. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Arizona, on Quercus oblongifolia, 24.iii. 1881. Depository: USNM: lectotype adf (designated by Lambdin & Kosztarab 1977: 194) (on left side of slide) + a fragmented paralectotype adf on right side; also 2 / 6 paralectotype adff (vp), 1 / 2 paralectotype adff (remounted by Lambdin (PL080c), 2 / 15 first-instar nymphs (mounted by Lambdin PL080e and 080k) and wax from test and numerous eggs and embryos (Miller, pers. comm.). Material examined: USA, California, Riverside Co., Beaumont, on Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 15.xii. 1974, D. Mittersel (BMNH): 1 / 1 adf (g); California, Arathorn, on oak, no date, G.F. Ferris (BMNH): 1 / 3 adff (f). Comment. Lambdin and Kosztarab (1977) provide a good description. In the above examined material, the posterior-most group of multilocular disc-pores is on abdominal segment VIII and the anterior disc-pores are across the metathorax. Also, the stigmatic pore bands are extremely broad but sparse and lack 8 -shaped pores within each apex. Unlike most other Cerococcus species, the fleshy setae on the dorsal surface of each anal lobe are strongly spinose. The adult female of C. quercus is characterised by the following combination of characters: (i) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum randomly distributed, not in a lattice-like pattern; (ii) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum of two sizes, both quite small; (iii) larger pores restricted to near stigmatic pore bands and cribriform plates; smaller pores throughout rest of dorsum; (iv) cribriform plates subcircular, present in submedial groups of 2���5 on each side of abdominal segment IV; (v) tubular ducts of two sizes, broader ducts restricted to posterior abdominal segments; narrower ducts frequent elsewhere; (vi) multilocular disc-pores in broad bands across almost all abdominal segments and metathorax; (vii) stigmatic pore bands bifurcated; (viii) stigmatic pore bands with abundant spiracular disc-pores, and (ix) leg stubs absent. In the key to adult females of Cerococcus, C. quercus keys out in the group with two types of dorsal tubular ducts, but is rather different from all of the other species., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on pages 161-162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus koebelei (Cockerell) Solenophora koebelei Cockerell 1898 b: 429. Solenococcus koebelei; Cockerell 1899: 392. Change of combination. Cerococcus koebelei; Ferris 1955: 38. Change of combination. Type details. MEXICO, Tulare (probably Toluca), on Crataegus sp. and Prunus demissa (Rosaceae), 8.viii. 1897, A. Koebele. Depositories: USNM: lectotype adf (designated by Lambdin & Kosztarab 1977: 140): labelled Solenococcus (crossed out) koebelei (Ckll) on Crataegus and Prunus emissa, Tulon (probably Toluca), Mexico Koebele # 1659, Aug. 8 ��� 97: 1 / 2 adff [lectotype specimen circled] + 1 / 1 paralectotype first-instar nymph, same data as lectotype. Also 1 / 7 adff, labelled paralectotypes (label data: Solenophora koebeli (Ckll), on Crataegus, Toluca-Mex., Koebele # 1362, Aug 8 ��� 97, Type). Also a slide with same data labelled just Cotype. Miller (pers. comm.) considered that the correct locality is Toluca, not Tulare or Tulon. BME: paralectotype? ff: slide labelled ��� Solenococcus koebelei Ckll, Mexico, (with a red label stating type material), on Crataegus sp., Bremner coll. No. 225. GFF���: 1 / 1 adff + 2 nymphs (dried specimens mounted on slide); also 4 / 7 adff with same data (probably f-p). Also from Koebele collection, no. 1632: Solenococcus koebelei Ckll, on?host, Mexico City: 1 / 2 adff (possibly quite g) and 1 / 2 adff (dried specimens mounted on slide); also S. koebelei, Mexico, Toluca or Amecameca, on Tejocote (Crataegus mexicanus) or Crataegus sp.: 1 / 1 adf (f). Material examined. MEXICO, Zinacantepec, Manzana, no host, 1.iii. 1960, L. Leyva Guz (BMNH): 1 / 2 adff (f���g). Comment. Lambdin and Kosztarab (1977) provide a good description. In the above material, the apex of each stigmatic pore band is transversely split by a band of small 8 -shaped pores, and there is a seta in amongst the discpores near the apex. The adult female of C. koebelei is characterised by the following combination of character-states: (i) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum randomly distributed, not in a lattice-like pattern; (ii) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum of three sizes, all quite small; (iii) larger 8 -shaped pores restricted to near stigmatic pore bands; smallest pores restricted to within stigmatic pore bands; (iv) cribriform plates elliptical, present in submedial groups of two on each side of abdominal segment IV, anterior plate larger and more elliptical than posterior plate; (v) dorsal tubular ducts of two sizes present, broader ducts restricted to posterior abdominal segments; narrower ducts frequent elsewhere; (vi) multilocular disc-pores present in broad bands across all abdominal segments and also metathorax; (vii) stigmatic pore bands bifurcated; (viii) stigmatic pore bands with fairly abundant spiracular disc-pores, and (ix) leg stubs present. In the key to adult females of Cerococcus, C. koebelei keys out close to C. catenarius from South America., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on pages 159-160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus michaeli Lambdin Cerococcus michaeli Lambdin 1998: 297���300. Type details. NEW ZEALAND, North Island, Coromandel, on Dysoxylum spectabile (Meliaceae). Note: Lambdin (1998) states that the types series (holotype adf + 4 paratype adff on same slide) were deposited in the USNM, but these could not be located in Autumn, 2014 (Miller, pers. comm.); nor could they be located in NZAC (Robert Hoare, pers. comm.). Comment. Specimens of this species were not seen in this study. Although C. michaeli has most of the main characteristics of adult females of Cerococcidae, Lambdin (1998) states that this species has: (i) asterolecaniid-type tubular ducts, which lack an inner ductule, but that there are 1���3 teeth within the cup-shaped invagination; (ii) a very small anal ring with six very short anal ring setae; (iii) an opening at the anterior end of the median anal plate for ���waste elimination���, and (iv) anal lobes covered in small fleshy scale-like structures. All of these characteristics are unique and suggest that this species should probably be in a monotypic genus rather than Cerococcus. However, the type specimen could not be located in the USNM nor anywhere else and so this species has not been studied further. The suggestion by Lambdin (1998) that there is an opening at the anterior end of the medial plate sounds highly unlikely. However, the anal ring is much reduced and has short setae. The long setae associated with the anal ring of other cerococcids are used for honeydew elimination as in Coccidae (see Malumphy, 1997). Clearly, because the anal ring setae are so short in C. michaeli, they are not designed for this and thus may not be able to expel the honeydew in the normal manner. It is possible, therefore, that Lambdin���s suggestion may be true although how the female would prevent itself from becoming clogged by honeydew is unclear! Perhaps it no longer feeds on phloem sap. On all other cerococcids, the anterior margin of the medial plate actually lies over the entrance to the anal tube so that the sclerotized anterior margin of the plate extends down around the anal ring. What happens on C. michaeli is not clear. Based on the desciprion of Lambdin (1998), the main character-states diagnosing C. michaeli are: (i) 8 -shaped pores of one size, very sparse throughout dorsum and submarginally on venter; (ii) tubular ducts more similar to those of the Asterolecaniidae, without an inner ductule, perhaps most abundant in marginal areas; (iii) cribriform plates each with large micropores and a very narrow border; with two submedial pairs, anterior pair possibly on abdominal segment IV/V and posterior pair on VI/VII; (iv) simple pores absent; (v) medial anal plate triangular, and possibly with an opening along anterior border; (vi) each anal lobe with overlapping scale-like structures on both dorsal and ventral surface; (vii) apical setae on each anal lobe short and spinose; (viii) another spinose seta present on posterolateral margins of each anal lobe; (ix) anal ring small with only six anal ring setae; (x) leg stubs absent; (xi) posterior stigmatic band bifurcated but disc-pores in posterior branch few; (xii) multilocular disc-pores absent; (xiii) antennae one-segmented, but perhaps with some setae on pronounced cones; (xiv) loculate pores near antennae absent, and (xv) vulva particularly large. As indicated above, this combination of characeristics is very different from those typical of other cerococcid genera. This species clearly needs further study., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on pages 163-164, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus artemisiae (Cockerell) Lecaniodiaspis artemisiae Cockerell 1897: 514 Solenophora coloradensis Cockerell 1898 a: 262. Synonymy by Lambdin & Kosztarab 1977: 2. Solenococcus coloradensis; Cockerell, 1899: 392. Change of combination. Solenococcus artemisiae; Hunter 1899: 76. Change of combination. Solenophora artemisiae; Cockerell 1900: 368. Change of combination Cerococcus coloradensis; Green 1917: 80. Change of combination. Cerococcus artemisiae; Ferris 1955: 31. Change of combination. Type details. Solenococcuss artemisiae, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA , New Mexico, Embudo, on Artemisia sp., 25.ix. 1897, T.D.A. Cockerell. Depository: USNM: Lectotype adf (designated by Lambdin & Kosztarab 1977: 60���64) + 3 / 5 paralectotype adff + 1 slide with a first-instar nymph. Type details. Solenophora coloradensis, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA , Colorado, Ca��on City, on Atriplex canescens, E. Bethel. Depository: USNM: Lectotype here designated, 1 / 1 adf, also 3 / 11 paralectotype adff, 1 / 6 first-instar nymphs + 1 / 1 second-instar nymph. Material studied. C. artemisiae: lectotype and paralectotype ff: MEXICO, Embudo, on Artemisia sp. (Asteraceae), no date, T.D.A. Cockerell (USNM): 2 / 2 adff (g). Cerococcus coloradensis, lectotype, Canon City, on Atriplex canescens (Amaranthaceae), no date, E. Bethal (USNM): 1 / 1 ad f (g) Comment. The material seen here agreed well with the description in Lambdin and Kosztarab (1977) apart from: (i) the dorsal 8 -shaped pores did not appear to be in two distinct sizes, rather they appear to be variable in size although the larger pores did tend to be near the stigmatic pore bands and the cribriform plates as suggested by Lambdin and Kosztarab; (ii) no minute sclerotized leg stubs could be detected, and (iii) occasionally there are one or two multilocular disc-pores on each side of abdominal segment VII, and so the anterior band Lambdin and Kosztarab illustrate is on segment II; there are also 0���2 multilocular disc-pores submarginally on the metathorax. The adult female of C. artemisiae is characterised by the following combination of character-states: (i) 8 - shaped pores on dorsum not in a reticulate pattern but fairly randomly distributed; (ii) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum of one or two sizes, both quite small; (iii) apex of each stigmatic pore band with one to three 8 -shaped pores; (iv) cribriform plates fused into submedial groups of two���four on each side of abdominal segment IV; (v) tubular ducts of two sizes present, broadest medially on posterior abdominal segments, narrower ducts abundant elsewhere; (vi) multilocular disc-pores present in narrow bands 1 -pore wide across abdominal segments II���VI and on metathorax; occasionally with one or two submarginally on VII; (vii) stigmatic pore bands bifurcated; (viii) stigmatic pore bands with few spiracular disc-pores, and (ix) small leg stubs perhaps sometimes present. In the key to adult females of Cerococcus, C. artemisiae keys out close to C. andinus from Argentina and C. parrotti from North America., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on page 153, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus russellae Kosztarab & Vest Cerococcus russellae Kosztarab & Vest 1966: 374���375. Type details. MEXICO, Morelos, Cuernavaca, on Gossypium herbaceum, 3.ix. 1923, E.G. Smyth. Depository: USNM: holotype adf + 2 paratype adff on same slide and 2 / 5 paratype adff. Material examined: paratype ff: MEXICO, Morelos, Cuernavaca, on Gossypium herbaceum (Malvaceae), 3.ix. 1923, E.G. Smyth (USNM): 1 / 2 adff (g). Also: GUATAMALA, San Lucas Taliman, on coffee (Coffea sp., Rubiaceae), 1.vii. 1959, Jesus Castro (USNM): 1 / 3 adff (g). Comment. Kosztarab and Vest (1966) and Lambdin and Kosztarab (1977) provide good descriptions. In the the type specimens, many of the leg stubs have distinct digitules and several small pores, here believed to be setal sockets; this has not been noted in other species. The leg stubs on the non-type specimens from Guatamala are different in shape and lack digitules. Other differences between the two lots of material are (character-states for Guatamala specimens): (i) many fewer quinquelocular disc-pores and 8 -shaped pores in the apices of each stigmatic pore band, and (ii) there are many fewer loculate pores near each antenna. Like C. deklei and C. kalmiae, C. russellae has the 8 -shaped pores on the dorsum arranged in a lattice-like pattern, as also found in species of Cerochiton (described as new above). However, the structure of the apices of the stigmatic pore bands is very different from that on species of Cerochiton as is the distribution of the larger dorsal tubular ducts. The adult female of C. russellae is characterised by the following combination of character-states: (i) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum in a lattice-like pattern; (ii) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum of two sizes, both quite small; (iii) larger pores restricted to near stigmatic pore bands; smaller pores throughout rest of dorsum; (iv) cribriform plates in two submedial groups of 15���24 on each side of abdominal segment IV; (v) tubular ducts of one size; (vi) multilocular disc-pores absent; (vii) stigmatic pore bands bifurcated; (viii) stigmatic pore bands with abundant spiracular discpores, and (ix) leg stubs present. In the key to adult females of Cerococcus, C. russellae keys out close to C. deklei from North America., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on page 162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus asteris Hodgson & Williams, sp. nov. (Fig. 53) Material studied. Holotype and paratype ff: MEXICO, San Lorenzo, Puebla, on stem of Pedilanthus sp. (Euphorbiaceae), 24.vii. 1978, Riddlehuber et al. (USNM): 1 / 3 adff (holotype specimen g, clearly arrowed, specimen furthest from species label; 2 paratype specimens (f). Note. Data taken from all specimens. Mounted material. Body roundly pear-shaped, 2.4���3.1 mm long, 2.1���2.7 mm wide, with only a short abdominal extension posteriorly. Dorsum. Eight-shaped pores absent from large areas of dorsum; pores of 2 sizes: (i) medium to small pores, each 8���10 x 5.0��� 5.5 ��m (largest perhaps near margin), in a complex pattern medially but mainly in 20���22 radial lines extending out from center of dorsum, each line 1���3 pores wide; and (ii) smaller pores, each about 7 x 5 ��m, in groups within apex of each stigmatic pore band, each group with 10���16 pores; large 8 -shaped pores absent. Simple pores very sparse, each about 1.5 ��m wide. Cribriform plates, each about 8 ��m wide, in two groups of 3���7 plates on each side of abdominal segment IV, each group in a mildly sclerotized cavity, each cavity variable in size but most about 40 ��m wide; micropores in each plate quite large. Dorsal setae few, each setose, and mainly 3���5 ��m long. Tubular ducts of 1 size, abundant, each outer ductule 23���25 ��m long. Anal lobes mainly sclerotized throughout most of dorsal surface but becoming more distinctly sclerotized on inner margins; each lobe about 95 ��m long with a long apical seta (all broken); each lobe with 2 bullet-shaped fleshy setae, each 7���8 ��m long, near apex on dorsal surface; also with 3 strong short setae, each 7���12 ��m long, on each inner margin, and 2 or 3 short setae on ventral surface; each lobe also with a longitudinal line of 4 or 5 eight-shaped pores dorsally and a few laterally. Median anal plate 68���70 ��m long, 58���63 ��m wide at base; apex bluntly pointed. Anal ring with 4 pairs of setae, each 53���66 ��m long, all narrowing rather gently towards apex; anal ring with 2 rows of pores. Venter. Derm unsclerotized apart from anal lobes that appear to be sclerotized ventrally. Eight-shaped pores similar to those on dorsum but slightly larger, each 11���13 x 6.0��� 6.5 ��m; in a broad sparse marginal and submarginal band extending medially to well mesad of each antenna and spiracles; a few areas perhaps pore free near margin, each related to radial bands on dorsum; none medially near mouthparts. Simple pores not detected. Small bilocular pores, each 5���8 ��m wide, sparse medially in head and thorax. Spiracular disc-pores small, each 3.5 ���5.0 ��m wide (largest near apex of band) with mainly 5 loculi, in narrow bands 1���3 pores wide, broadening on dorsum into a large and distinct group, each group with 20���35 disc-pores (mainly with 7 loculi) plus a medial group of 10���16 small 8 -shaped pores; posterior band bifurcated; each band with a total of 50���90 pores; also with 10���15 pores near each antenna, in a radial group extending towards margin. Multilocular disc-pores entirely absent. Tubular ducts, similar to those on dorsum, present throughout but perhaps not as frequent, and some ducts with an area of mild sclerotization around outer opening. Ventral setae slightly more abundant than on dorsum but all setose and short; preanal setae short, each 35���37 ��m long; companion setae quite long, each 23���25 ��m long. Antennae unsegmented, each 30���35 ��m long, 35 ��m wide, with 4 fleshy setae and 3���5 setose setae. Clypeolabral shield 170���175 ��m long. Holotype specimen with a small sclerotized tube-like structure near base of one lobe; anteroventral sclerotizations on each anal lobe laterad to anal ring absent. Comment. The lace-like arrangement of the dorsal 8 -shaped pores on the adult female of C. asteris is unique in Cerococcus for, although lines or bands of 8 -shaped pores are also present on other Cerococcus species, in the latter species they are in an evenly spaced lattice-like pattern with 8 -shaped pores frequent between the lines, whilst in C. asteris, the lines or bands of pores are not evenly spaced and there are no 8 -shaped pores between them. In addition, the adult female of C. asteris also has the following unusual features: (i) large and obvious groups of spiracular disc-pores and smaller 8 -shaped pores in apex of each pore band (somewhat similar to the arrangement in Cerochiton); (ii) cribriform plates in two submedial clusters on each side of abdominal segment IV, each cluster formed of 3���7 plates fused together in a mildly sclerotized cavity, and (iii) ventral marginal band of 8 ���shaped pores extending some distance mesad of each spiracle. The odd single sclerotized pore or duct on outer base of one lobe on the holotype specimen cannot be found on the other specimens, although it is very distinct. This is not thought to be homologous with the anteroventral sclerotizations typical of Antecerococcus species. The adult female of C. asteris is characterised by the following combination of character-states: (i) anteroventral sclerotizations absent; (ii) three finely spinose setae present along inner margin of each anal lobe; (iii) dorsal fleshy setae on anal lobes spinose and bullet-shaped; (iv) posteroventral seta on each anal lobe absent; (v) dorsum with two sizes of 8 -shaped pores, both quite small; (vi) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum in a lace-like pattern; (vii) smallest 8 -shaped pores restricted to 10���16 pores within apex of each stigmatic pore band; (viii) large areas of dorsum without 8 -shaped pores; (ix) cribriform plates present in submedial clusters of 3���7 plates fused into two groups on each side of abdominal segment IV; (x) tubular ducts of one size only present; (xi) leg stubs absent; (xii) posterior stigmatic bands bifurcated; (xiii) multilocular disc-pores entirely absent; (xiv) ventral 8 -shaped pores in a very broad marginal band extending medially well past antennae and spiracles, and (xv) antennae without either a cone-like apex or setal cavity. In the key to adult females of Cerococcus, C. asteris keys out close to C. deklei and C. russellae. All three are from southern USA and Central and South America. Name derivation: asteris is derived from the Latin word aster, meaning a star, referring to the radiating pattern of 8 -shaped pores on the dorsum, and is in the genitive singular., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on pages 153-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus catenarius (Fonseca), comb. nov. (Fig. 54) Cerococcus catenarius Fonseca 1957: 123. Cerococcus cantenarius Fonseca: Fonseca 1958: 23. Misspelling of species name. Type details. BRAZIL, S��o Paulo, Pirajui, on Coffea arabica, -. vi. 1954, J.P. da Fonseca. Depositories: IBSP, Brazil: syntypes, adf (IBSP, Brazil; type no. 4205). No other information. BMNH: 3 / 5 syntype adff. USNM: 1 / 1 syntype adf. Note: Lambdin and Kosztarab (1977) state there should be 2 slides in USNM but only one was found by Miller (pers. comm.). Material studied. Syntype ff: BRAZIL, S��o Paulo, Pirajui, on coffee (Coffea sp., Rubiaceae), -. iv. 1954, J.P. Fonseca (BMNH): 2 / 3 adff (fair���ex type material; note that all anal areas are extremely poor); also Estado de S��o (Paulo?), on coffee (Coffea sp.), June 1954, J.P. Fonseca (BMNH): 1 / 1 adf (very poor). Also: AUSTRALIA, no other locality data, on Eucalyptus cladocalyx (Myrtaceae), 27.vii. 1903, D. Clark (USNM): 4 / 4 adff (fair to poor) (but see Comments below on the identity of this collection). Note: the following description is made from the Brazilian ex-type material. Data for the Australian material in [...] brackets where it differs from or adds to the description. Mounted material. Roundly pear-shaped. Body 3.7 ���4.0 [2.7���3.1] mm long, 3.0��� 3.75 [2.85���3.1] mm wide. Dorsum. Eight-shaped pores of about 3 sizes: (i) largest 10���12 x 6.5 ���7.0 ��m, those furthest from margin often difficult to separate from medium-sized pores; sparse in a narrow marginal band, most abundant near stigmatic pore bands; (ii) medium-sized pores, each 6.0��� 6.5 x 4.0��� 4.5 [6.5���8.5 x 5] ��m, sparse throughout most of dorsum, and intermingling among larger pores near margin; absent just anterior to anal plate; tending to be largest near margin; and (iii) small pores, each about 6 x 4 [5.5 ���6.0 x 3.5] ��m, present in a band of 13���22 [15���22] dividing each apical group into a more marginal part and an apical part; also present across posterior abdominal segments. Simple pores, each about 1.5 ��m wide, extremely sparse, possibly present throughout. Cribriform plates present in 2 submedial groups of 5���7 plates on abdominal segment IV [one Australian specimen with a single plate on segment III], each plate very variable in size but mainly roundish; each 10���25 [10���35] ��m wide, with a narrow sclerotized margin and very small micropores. Setae extremely sparse, but usually with 1 just anterior to apex of each group of spiracular disc-pores, each 8���10 ��m long. Tubular ducts of 2 types: (i) a duct with a very broad outer ductule, each 23���27 ��m long and 5 ��m wide, with a much narrower inner ductule about 18 ��m long; abundant medially on about abdominal segments VI���VIII, and (ii) a narrow, slightly longer, duct 1.5 ���2.0 ��m wide, abundant throughout rest of dorsum. Anal lobes membranous except for sclerotized inner margins; each lobe of unknown length [about 75 ��m], with a long apical seta, all broken; each lobe also with a pair of bullet-shaped fleshy setae, subequal in length, both about 8 ��m long [one slightly larger (about 8 ��m long) than other (about 6.5 ��m long)] on dorsal surface near apex; other setae not visible [inner margins of each lobe with 3 slightly spinose setae, each 10���12 ��m long; medioventral/ outer margin setae each 6���7 ��m long; each lobe with about 4 or 5 eight-shaped pores dorsally and ventrally]. Median anal plate triangular, longer than broad, with a pointed apex; 58���60 [65] ��m long and 40���55 [45���50] ��m wide at base. Anal ring with 4 pairs of setae, 1 pair noticeably narrower than others; length unknown [each 65���75 ��m long], each seta tending to narrow gradually towards apex. Venter. Larger 8 -shaped pores in a broad band near each spiracle [rare near margin]; medium-sized pores similar to or slightly larger than those on dorsum, each 9.5���10.5 x 6.0��� 6.5 [8��� 9 x 4���6] ��m, forming a broad band on head and thorax, extending medially well past spiracles and antennae, and in transverse bands 4���5 pores wide across abdominal segments, smallest medially. Simple pore as on dorsum, sparse. Small bilocular pores oval, each 4.0��� 4.5 [4���5] ��m wide, present medially on head and thorax. Spiracular disc-pores small, each 3���5 [4���5] ��m wide, with 5���7 loculi (many with 7 on dorsum), without an obvious group near spiracle; in a fairly narrow band about 3 pores wide extending onto dorsum, each band with a total of more than 120 pores, band barely broadening on dorsum until near apical group; posterior band bifurcated; apical group large, often with a few pores extending radially onto dorsum; each group bisected by a band of 13���22 [15���22] smaller 8 -shaped pores; with a group of 30��� 40 [25���35] 5 -locular pores in a radial band near each antenna. Multilocular disc-pores, each 5.0���6.0 [5.5 ���7.0] ��m wide with mostly 10 loculi, distributed in very broad bands (at least 4���7 pores wide) across segments II���VI; each band with well over 100 pores; also with 40���50 [at least 35���40] in metathorax between metathoracic leg stubs; absent from abdominal segments VIII & VII; also occasionally with single pores near pro- and mesothoracic leg stubs [not detected]. Tubular ducts similar to narrow type on dorsum; present throughout. Ventral setae slightly more abundant than on dorsum but all setose and short; length of preanal setae unknown [each 40 ��m long]; length of companion setae unknown [13���15 ��m long]. Anteroventral sclerotizations on anal lobes absent. Leg stubs small [only metathoracic leg stubs detected]. Antennae possibly 2 segmented, each 30���33 [30���38] ��m long, with 4 or 5 fleshy setae and 2���4 thinner setae. Clypeolabral shield 165���175 ��m long. Spiracular peritremes each 45���53 [50��� 55] ��m wide. Comment. The adult female of C. catenarius is characterised by the following combination of characterstates: (i) anteroventral sclerotizations absent; (ii) three finely spinose setae present along inner margin of each anal lobe; (iii) dorsal fleshy setae on anal lobes bullet-shaped; (iv) posteroventral seta on each anal lobe absent; (v) dorsum with three sizes of 8 -shaped pore, all quite small, larger pore restricted to near stigmatic pore bands; (vi) 8 - shaped pores on dorsum randomly distributed, not in whorls or in a reticulate pattern; (vii) smallest 8 -shaped pores on dorsum in a transverse band across apex of each stigmatic pore band, dividing each large apical group of spiracular disc-pores into two halves; also present on posterior abdominal segments; (viii) stigmatic pore bands with abundant spiracular disc pores, forming a large apical group that sometimes extends a short way medially; (ix) cribriform plates present in a submedial group of 5���7 on each side of abdominal segment IV; (x) leg stubs present; (xi) stigmatic pore bands bifurcated; (xii) tubular ducts of two sizes, broadest ducts restricted to medially on posterior abdominal segments, narrower ducts abundant elsewhere; (xiii) multilocular disc-pores present in broad bands across abdominal segments II���VI and medially on metathorax; (xiv) ventral 8 -shaped pores extending medially well past antennae and spiracles, and (xv) antennae without either a cone-like apex or a setal cavity. Initially, it was considered that the specimens on eucalypts from Australia could not be A. catenarius, which is only otherwise known from Argentina and Brazil on Cajanus cajan (Fabaceae), Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) and Camellia sinensis (Theaceae). However, a comparison of the slide material from Brazil (ex type material) with that from Australia found no differences and so it is considered that the ���Australian��� material does belong to A. catenarius. However, it is here considered that it is most likely that these slides have had the wrong label stuck on them and therefore, whilst the specimens are indeed C. catenarius, they did not originate from Australia. Lambdin & Kosztarab (1977) also redescribed this species but their redescription differs significantly from that above. They considered that the broader tubular ducts were on the abdominal venter whereas they are clearly dorsal on all of the material seen in this study, including that from Brazil. They also make no mention of the extraordinary expansion of the stigmatic pore bands on the dorsum, nor of the band of 8 -shaped pores that bisect each band. This is clear on all material. Lastly, they illustrate multilocular disc-pores as being present on some of the posterior abdominal segments, but none could be found on the specimens studied here. In the key to adult females of Cerococcus, C. catenarius keys out close to C. koebeli from Central America., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on pages 156-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus parrotti (Hunter) Lecaniodiaspis parrotti Hunter 1899: 76. Solenococcus parrotti; Fernald 1903: 59. Change of combination. Cerococcus parrotti; Lawson 1917: 170. Change of combination. Type details. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Kansas, Lawrence, on Aesculus glabra (Sapindaceae), 9.ii. 1899. Depository unknown. The original type material is thought to consist of a single female test plus a specimen that had been almost totally destroyed by a parasite (Howell et al. 1971). Although Lambdin and Kosztarab apparently looked at a test from the type series, Miller was unable to trace this specimen. It is possible that type specimens have been lost (D. Miller, pers. comm.). However, it is generally accepted that there is no doubt about its identity. Material studied. U.S.A., Virginia, Sea Shore State Park, Virginia Beach, on Acer rubrum (Sapindaceae), 19.iii. 1969, M.L. Williams & J. Howell (USNM): 1 / 3 adff (fg); Virginia, Montgomery Co., Blacksburg, UPI Campus, on Tilia europea (Malvaceae), 5.iii. 1968, M.L. Williams & J.O. Howell (USNM): 1 / 1 adf (g); Georgia, Albany, on ��� Pecan terminal ��� (it is unclear to what plant this name refers; the Pecan species in Georgia is Carya illinoinensis (Juglandaceae)), 27.ii. 1975, W.L. Tedders (USNM): 2 / 6 adff (f���g). Comment. Lambdin and Kosztarab (1977) provide a good description, while Howell et al. (1971) describe and illustrate most instars and the female and male tests, and also provide information on its life cycle, host plants and distribution. However, our findings differ slightly from those of Lambdin and Kosztarab in that the above material has the apex of each stigmatic band almost split by a band of small 8 -shaped pores; and there are two multilocular disc-pores on abdominal segment VIII, and the anteriormost band is on segment II, and therefore there are no discpores on the metathorax. The adult female of C. parrotti is characterised by the following combination of character-states: (i) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum ���closely spaced, usually in swirls although difficult to distinguish��� (Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1977, p. 173 ���but shown as forming a faint reticulate pattern in their figure); (ii) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum of three sizes, all quite small; (iii) larger pores restricted to near stigmatic pore bands; smallest pores on posterior abdominal segments and associated with apex of each stigmatic pore band; (iv) cribriform plates subcircular to elliptical, present in submedial groups of two on each side of abdominal segment IV, with anterior plate slightly larger than posterior plate; (v) tubular ducts of two sizes, broader ducts restricted to posterior abdominal segments; narrower ducts frequent elsewhere; (vi) multilocular disc-pores in narrow bands about one pore wide across almost all abdominal segments but absent from metathorax; (vii) stigmatic pore bands bifurcated; (viii) stigmatic pore bands with few spiracular disc-pores, and (ix) leg stubs present. In the key to adult females of Cerococcus, C. parrotti keys out close to C. andinus from South America., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on pages 160-161, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus tuberculus (Hempel) Solenococcus tuberculus Hempel 1900: 390���392. Cerococcus tuberculus; Green 1917: 81. Change of combination. Type details. BRAZIL, S��o Paulo, on Baccharis sp., 1900, A. Hempel. Depository: USNM: lectotype adf (designated by Lambdin & Kosztarab 1977: 223) and 1 / 1 paralectotype adf; also 10 / 61 first-instar nymphs. There is almost certainly other type material in Brazilian depositories. Material examined. Paralectotype f: BRAZIL, S��o Paulo, on Baccharis sp. (Asteraceae), 1900, no collector (USNM): 1 / 1 adf (p). Comment. The single available specimen was in very poor condition and little detail could be seen. Lambdin and Kosztarab (1977) provide a good description. However, on the available specimen, the multilocular disc-pore bands on the posterior abdominal segments appeared to be broad but no pores could be found on segment VII as illustrated by Lambdin and Kosztarab. The adult female of C. tuberculus is characterised by the following combination of character-states: (i) 8 - shaped pores on dorsum in a lattice-like pattern; (ii) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum of three sizes, all quite small; (iii) larger 8 -shaped pores restricted to near stigmatic pore bands; smallest pores on posterior abdominal segments; (iv) cribriform plates present in submedial groups on each side of probably two segments, with 8���16 plates in anterior cluster on abdominal segment III, and 6���9 plates in posterior cluster on segment IV; (v) tubular ducts of two sizes, broader ducts restricted to posterior abdominal segments; narrower ducts frequent elsewhere; (vi) multilocular disc-pores in broad bands across abdominal segments II���VI, but absent from metathorax; (vii) stigmatic pore bands bifurcated; (viii) stigmatic pore bands with abundant spiracular disc-pores, and (ix) leg stubs present. In the key to adult females of Cerococcus, C. tuberculus keys out close to C. kalmiae from North America., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on pages 162-163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus Comstock Cerococcus Comstock 1882: 213. Type species: Cerococcus quercus Comstock, by monotypy. Ccrococcus; Ramakrishna Ayyar 1919: 627. Misspelling of genus name. Cerveoccus; Archangelskaya 1930: 81. Misspelling of genus name. Cerrococcus; Kiritchenko 1936: 70. Misspelling of genus name. Ceriococcus; Mahdihassan 1946: 197. Misspelling of genus name. Note. With the recognition of Antecerococcus Green, the names Phenacobryum Cockerell, Amelococcus Marchal, Cercococcus Scott and Coricoccus Mahdihassan become junior synonyms of Antecerococcus rather than of Cerococcus, because their type species fall within Antecerococcus. Generic description and diagnosis. Adult female. Mounted material. Basic body structure typical of Cerococcidae (Figs 53, 54). Anal lobes rarely sclerotized throughout, otherwise with well-sclerotized inner margins, each occasionally with diagonal ridges, each lobe with 3 spinose setae on inner margin and either 2 short bullet-shaped fleshy setae or, more rarely, strong setose setae on dorsal surface, 1 near apex and other slightly more anteriorly; ventral surface of each lobe without a seta near apex; each lobe also generally with 2 short setae more or less medially plus a small seta on outer margin (Fig. 3 E). Median anal plate present. Anal ring with 4 pairs of setae, each seta gradually narrowing to a flagellate apex. Dorsum without very large 8 -shaped pores (i.e. none with greatest width larger than 15 + ��m); usually with 2 or 3 sizes of 8 -shaped pore: largest pores associated with each stigmatic band; 8 -shaped pores rarely forming swirls or broad bands across dorsum, but several species with 8 -shaped pores in a lattice-like pattern; never with a line or band of large pores along margins of posterior abdominal segments; smaller 8 -shaped pore most common type medially; smallest pores generally present across posterior abdominal segments (posterior to cribriform plates) and within apex of each stigmatic band, but latter occasionally with larger pores. Simple pores present, typical of family. Tubular ducts often of 2 widths on dorsum, broadest ducts (when present) restricted to a group medially on posterior abdominal segments; narrower dorsal ducts subequal in size to those on venter; ducts generally slightly more abundant on dorsum than on venter. Cribriform plates always present in a submedial group on each side of abdominal segment IV; of highly variable size and structure, sometimes also in bands on segments anterior to abdominal segment IV. Ventrally, with stigmatic pore bands generally long, extending onto dorsum, posterior bands always bifurcated; each band with 5 - locular disc-pores but many pores with more loculi in apical group; each apical group often with a small seta closeby; loculate pores (generally 5 -locular) also present in a group near each antenna. Small bilocular pores typical of family, restricted to cephalothorax. Multilocular disc-pores occasionally entirely absent but, when present, each generally with 10 loculi; in segmental lines across abdominal segments and sometimes also on metathorax; each band normally with a submarginal group and a medial band on most segments; multilocular disc-pores on segment VII generally only represented by submarginal groups on each side of vulva but occasionally forming a complete band anterior to vulva; those on segments VIII+IX also generally in submarginal groups but occasionally forming a band posterior to vulva; multilocular disc-pores rarely present associated with spiracles. Small convex closed pores absent. Anteroventral sclerotized areas on anal lobes laterad to anal ring absent. Leg stubs present or absent. Antennae generally unsegmented, usually with about seven fleshy or setose setae (C. indonesiensis with a conelike spine); cone-shaped extensions to antennae and setal cavities absent. Spiracles as normal for Cerococcidae, each with spiracular disc-pores in a group anterior to peritreme, not in a semi-circle around atrium; without a sclerotized bar extending anteriorly over each spiracle. Key to species of Cerococcus 1. Dorsum with tubular ducts of 2 widths, those on posterior abdominal segments significantly broader than elsewhere...... 2 - Dorsum with tubular ducts of only one width, those on posterior abdominal segments same as elsewhere............... 9 2. Setae on dorsal surface of each anal lobe short and finely spinose. Multilocular disc-pores on abdominal segments in broad bands several pores wide. Largest 8 -shaped pores on dorsum sparse along margins and close to cribriform plates. Leg stubs absent. (North America: USA).......................................................... C. quercus Comstock - Setae on dorsal surface of each anal lobe short convex or bullet-shaped. Other characters not in this combination......... 3 3. Cribriform plates in a single broad band or large medial group of 15���32 plates on about abdominal segment IV. (North America: USA).............................................................................. C. kalmiae Ferris - Cribriform plates not in a broad band or large medial group but in submedial groups on segment III and/or IV........... 4 4. Cribriform plates in 2 submedial groups, each group with 6���16 plates, anterior groups on each side of about abdominal segment III and posterior groups on each side of segment IV. Largest 8 -shaped pores restricted to near apex of each stigmatic pore band. Intermediate pores forming a lattice-like pattern on dorsum. (South America: Brazil)......... C. tuberculus (Hempel) - Cribriform plates restricted to a submedial group on each side of abdominal segment IV only, each group with few plates. Largest 8 -shaped pores not restricted to apex of each stigmatic pore band and intermediate-sized pores not in a lace-like pattern on dorsum.......................................................................................... 5 5. Almost all bands of multilocular disc-pores 2���4 + pores wide, including abdominal segments III and IV................ 6 - Almost all bands of multilocular disc-pore bands only 1 pore wide............................................. 7 6. Each group of cribriform plates with 5���8 plates. Multilocular disc-pore bands very broad, mostly 4 + pores wide. Ventral marginal band of 8 -shaped pores extending medially past spiracles and antennae. (South America, Brazil; Australasia: Australia).................................................................................... C. catenarius Fonseca - Each group of cribriform plates with 2 plates, anterior plate elliptical and larger than posterior plate. Multilocular disc-pore bands mostly 1���3 pores wide. Ventral marginal band of 8 -shaped pores not extending medially past spiracles and antennae. (Central America: Mexico)........................................................... C. koebelei (Cockerell) 7. Cribriform plates in a submedial group of 2���4 on each side of abdominal segment IV, each group tending to be fused and in a deep cavity. Leg stubs present but small. (North America: south-west USA)................... C. artemisiae (Cockerell) - Cribriform plates each separate, not fused and not in a deep cavity. Leg stubs present or absent....................... 8 8. Leg stubs absent. Cribriform plates in a submedial group on each side of abdominal segment IV, each group with 2���4 plates, each plate oval, anterior plates approximately twice width of posterior plates. Dorsum with 8 -shaped pores of 1 size only. (South America: Argentina)............................................................. C. andinus Leonardi - Leg stubs present. Cribriform plates in a submedial group of 2 plates on each side of abdominal segment IV, each plate approximately round and subequal in size. Dorsum with 8 -shaped pores of 3 sizes. (North America: USA).... C. parrotti (Hunter) 9. Eight-shaped pores on dorsum arranged in a lattice- or lace-like pattern. Antennae with fleshy and/or setose setae....... 10 - Eight-shaped pores on dorsum not arranged in a lattice- or lace-like pattern but in swirls. Antennae without either fleshy or setose setae, replaced by a large sunken cone. (Oriental: Indonesia)................. C. indonesiensis Lambdin & Kosztarab 10. Largest 8 -shaped pores in a complex lace-like pattern medially. Smallest 8 -shaped pores restricted to groups of 10���16 pores within apex of each stigmatic pore band. Leg stubs absent. Submarginal band of ventral 8 -shaped pores extending medially well past each spiracle. (Central America: Mexico).................................. C. asteris Hodgson & Williams - Largest 8 -shaped pores restricted to each side of stigmatic pore bands. Smaller 8 -shaped pores absent from apex of each stigmatic pore band but forming lattice-like pattern. Leg stubs present. Submarginal band of ventral 8 -shaped pores not extending medially past each spiracle............................................................................ 11 11. Stigmatic pore bands each about 1 pore wide, each usually with fewer than 150 disc-pores. With 2���8 quinquelocular disc-pores near each antenna. (Widespread in Central and southern North America)...................... C. deklei Kostarab & Vest - Stigmatic pore bands each about 2���3 pores wide, each with more than 150 disc-pores. With 16���29 quinquelocular disc-pores near each antenna. (Central America: Guatamala, Mexico)......................... C. russellae Lambdin & Kozstarab Note. That it is here considered that C. indonesiensis is not congeneric with C. quercus but is being left in Cerococcus pending further study (see under ���Unplaced species��� below). Also we consider that species of Cerococcus are restricted to the Holarctic., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on pages 150-152, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus deklei Kosztarab & Vest Cerococcus sp. Dekle 1962: 74. Unavailable name. Cerococcus deklei Kosztarab & Vest 1966: 369���374. Type details. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Florida, North Miami, on Hibiscus sp., 18.xii. 1963, K. Hickman. Depository: USNM: holotype adf + many paratype adff. Material examined: BAHAMAS, New Providenca, Church Gardens, Hibiscus sp. (Malvaceae), 24.viii. 2001, ENT/NP/ 159 /01 (BMNH): 1 / 3 adff (g); as previous but dated 4.ix. 2001 (BMNH): 4 / 4 adff (f). JAMAICA, St. Andrews, on Hibiscus sp., 4.iv. 1973, J.R.R. Suah (BMNH): 1 / 3 adff (g). Comment. This is one of the Holarctic species that has a lattice-like pattern of 8 -shaped pores on the dorsum and is well described by Kosztarab and Vest (1966) and Lambdin and Kosztarab (1977). The adult female of C. deklei is characterised by the following combination of character-states: (i) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum in a latticelike pattern; (ii) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum of two sizes, both quite small; (iii) larger pores restricted to near stigmatic pore bands; smaller 8 -shaped pores frequent elsewhere on dorsum; (iv) cribriform plates present in a submedial group of 5���16 on each side of abdominal segment IV; (v) tubular ducts of only one size present; (vi) multilocular disc-pores absent on abdominal segments and metathorax, but occasionally present associated with spiracular disc-pores; (vii) stigmatic pore bands bifurcated; (viii) stigmatic pore bands with few spiracular discpores, and (ix) leg stubs present. In the key to adult females of Cerococcus, C. deklei keys out close to C. russellae from Central America., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on pages 158-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332

Cerococcus kalmiae Ferris Cerococcus kalmiae Ferris 1955: 36. Type details. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Pennsylvania, on Kalmia latifolia (Ericaceae), G. Rau. Depository: BME: lectotype adf (designated by Lambdin & Kosztarab 1977: 136) + 1 paralectotype adf together on 1 slide and 1 / 2 paralectotype adff. Mounted material. USA, Haverford, Pennsylvania, on ���mountain laurel��� (Kalmia latifolia, Ericaceae), 29.i. 1938, S.W. Bromley (BMNH): 1 / 1 adf (g); Pennsylvania, Haverford, 29.i. 1938, Estate of Judge W. Schagger, Col, Robertson (BMNH): 1 / 3 (g). Comment. The number of transverse rows of multilocular disc-pores in the illustration of this species by Lambdin and Kosztarab (1977) is unclear as a line is missing. In fact, there are multilocular disc-pores on abdominal segments II���VIII inclusive and medially across the metathorax. In addition, Lambdin & Kosztarab indicate that they found minute leg stubs but we did not locate these on the specimens listed above. Like C. deklei and C. russellae, C. kalmiae has its 8 -shaped pores on the dorsum arranged in a lattice-like pattern, as also found in species of Cerochiton. However, the structure of the apices of the stigmatic pore bands is very different from that on Cerochiton species, and C. kalmiae has the broader tubular ducts on the dorsum restricted to just anterior to the anal plate and so has only one size of dorsal tubular ducts medially on the cephalothorax. The adult female of C. kalmiae is characterised by the following combination of character-states: (i) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum in a lattice-like pattern; (ii) 8 -shaped pores on dorsum of two sizes, both quite small; (iii) larger pores restricted to near stigmatic pore bands and along margins; smaller 8 -shaped pores frequent elsewhere on dorsum; (iv) cribriform plates present in a transverse band of 17���32 on abdominal segment IV; (v) tubular ducts of two sizes, broader ducts restricted to posterior abdominal segments; narrower ducts frequent elsewhere; (vi) multilocular disc-pores present in narrow bands one or two pores wide across abdominal segments II���VIII and metathorax; (vii) stigmatic pore bands bifurcated; (viii) stigmatic pore bands with few spiracular disc-pores, and (ix) leg stubs perhaps present (Lambdin & Kosztarab) or absent (here). In the key to adult females of Cerococcus, C. kalmiae keys out closest to C. tuberculus from Brazil., Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on page 159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332