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Backgroud: Turkey is considered an important gene pool for the distribution of herbaceous Paeonia species. Twelve taxons were recorded in Turkey and all definitions are morphologically and/or anatomically performed. No studies have been conducted based on DNA barcode sequences. In this study, The matK and rbcL genes and ITS region were sequenced to determine phylogenetic relationships of 12 Turkish Paeonia taxa and chemical comparison was performed with root samples. Methods and results: The taxons were collected between May and June 2021 from nine different cities. Leaf materials were used for DNA isolation and ITS, matK and rbcL regions were amplified and sequenced. There was no difference among taxa in terms of rbcL sequences. But the ITS and matK regions distinguished 12 taxa. The genotypes were structured in two groups by ITS and matK data. ITS region distinguished P. peregrina, P. arietina, and P. tenuifolia from other taxa, while matK region distinguished P. arietina and P. witmanniana from other taxa. Both barcode sequences actually showed that the registration of P. mascula subsp. arasicola was faulty and it is 100% similar to P. arietina. Twelve taxa were each found to have characteristic polymorphisms in both the ITS and matK regions that could be used to distinguish the species from each other. The most polymorphism was determined in the ITS region (n=54), while the matK region showed less variability (n=9). We also detected the barcode sequences could successfully discriminate the hybrid polyploid Paoenia species from diploid P. tenuifolia. Except for P. tenuifolia, the other Paeonia species were seen to be hybrid. The methanolic root extracts were examined for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities (by FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH). The results revealed significant variation in extracts, polyphenolic content, and antioxidant properties. In 100 g root, TPC ranged from 204.23 to 2343.89 mg, TFC ranged from 7.73 to 66.16 mg, and FRAP ranged from 523.81 to 4338.62 mg. SC50 values of ABTS ranged from 115.08 to 1115.52 μg/ml and DPPH ranged from 73.83 to 963.59 μg/ml. Conclusion: For the first time, genetic diversity and chemical comparison were performed among Paeonia species along Turkey. It was concluded that 11 of 12 taxa had differences in terms of ITS and matK sequences. It has been shown that barcode sequences must be used for the correct identification of Turkish Paeonia.

Migraine is a neurovascular disorder characterized by autonomic nervous system dysfunction and severe headache attacks. Studies have shown that changes in the intracranial vessels during migraine have an important role in the pathophysiology. Many studies have been conducted on the increased risk of stroke in patients with migraine, but insufficient data are available on the mechanism underlying the increase. This study aimed to evaluate basal cerebral blood flow velocity and vasomotor reactivity in patients with chronic migraine. We evaluated 38 patients with chronic migraine. Three of them were excluded because they had auras and four of them were excluded because of their use of medication that can affect cerebral blood flow velocity and breath holding index (beta or calcium channel blockers). Our study population consisted of 31 patients with chronic migraine without aura and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals who were not taking any medication. The mean blood flow velocity and breath holding index were measured on both sides from the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery, with temporal window insonation. The breath holding index for middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery was significantly lower in the migraine group compared to that of the control group (p < 0.05).The vasomotor reactivity indicates the dilatation potential of a vessel, and it is closely related to autoregulation. According to our results, the vasodilator response of cerebral arterioles to hypercapnia was lower in patients with chronic migraine. These findings showed the existence of impairments in the harmonic cerebral hemodynamic mechanisms in patients with chronic migraine. This finding also supports the existing idea of an increased risk of stroke in patients with chronic migraine due to impaired vasomotor reactivity.

Yaratıcı endüstri disiplinlerinde çalışanların, yaratıcı disiplinlerin kendine özgü iş yapma ve uygulama biçimleri ile birlikte, özellikle gelişen ve değişen çalışma şartlarına bağlı olarak yeni çalışma alanlarına olan ihtiyaçları oluşmuştur. Bu ihtiyaç doğrultusunda Richard Florida ve ekibi tarafından yaratıcı olarak endekslenen şehirlerden birisi olan İstanbul'da gelişen ortak çalışma alanları yaratıcı endüstriler bağlamında incelenmiştir. Yaratıcı endüstrilerin içinde bulunan yaratıcı sınıf ve bu sınıfın ortaya çıkardığı yaratıcı ekonominin ortak çalışma alanları ile olan dinamik ilişkisi ve bu durumun özellikle 2014 yılı itibariyle İstanbul'da hızlı gelişimi ilgi çekicidir. Şüphesiz ki bilgi teknolojilerinin gelişmesi, bilgiye kolay ulaşım ve küresel olarak birbirine daha çok entegre olan bir dünyada, çalışma şartlarının değişmesi ve yeni çalışma alanlarının gelişmesi dikkatle incelenmesi gereken bir konudur. Günümüz iş ve çalışma dünyasını, geçmişle kıyaslayarak değişimin boyutu anlatılmıştır. Ortak çalışma alanları, yaşanan bu değişimi somut olarak görebildiğimiz ve inceleyebildiğimiz yeni nesil çalışma mekânlarıdır. Türkiye'nin en dinamik şehirlerinden olan İstanbul'da, bir yüksek lisans tezi olarak ''ortak çalışma alanlarını'' konu edinen ilk tez çalışmasıdır.Anahtar Sözcükler: Sınır, Sınır mekanı, sosyal sanat pratikleri, Amerika-Meksika,İsrail-Filistin, Türkiye-Ermenistan sınır mekanları The need of new workspaces for workers in the creative industry disciplines has arisen along with creative disciplines have their own ways of doing and applying business especially due to developing and changing working conditions. Coworking spaces which develop in the line with this requirement have been examined in İstanbul which is the one of the cities that is creatively indexed by Richard Florida and his team in the context of creative industries. It is interesting to note that the dynamic relationship between the creative classroom found in creative industries and coworking spaces of the creative economy emerged by this class and the rapid development in Istanbul in 2014. Undoubtedly, the development of information technology, easy access to information and globally each is a more integrated business world, the changing working conditions and the development of new fields of study should be carefully examined. The size of change is explained today's business and working world compared to past. Coworking spaces are new generation working spaces where we can see and examine this change in concrete way. İstanbul is one of the most dynamic cities in Turkey. I am also excited by the fact that this is the first study on the subject of coworking spaces as a post graduate thesis in Turkey/Istanbul.Keywords Creative economy, Coworking spaces, Creative industries, Creative class, İstanbul,Creative cities, New economy, Design 117

Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Questionnaire for the Assessment of DYsphagia in MUltiple Sclerosis (DYMUS) that has been developed for evaluating dysphagia in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods This methodological study was conducted in the neurology clinic and outpatient department of a training hospital between March 15 and September 15, 2015. The study included 117 patients aged 18 years and over who had a definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, could communicate in Turkish, and volunteered to be included. Data were collected using a descriptive information form, the DYMUS, and the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). The scale was translated and back translated to determine the language validity, and a specialist was consulted to make sure the content was valid. We used the EAT-10 and Kurtzke's Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) concurrently to test the criterion-related validity. The test-retest procedure was used at 1-week intervals for 37 patients in this study. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Kappa analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results Factor analysis revealed that the scale was bifactorial, and this was consistent with its original form. There were positive and statistically significant relationships between the DYMUS and EAT-10 (r=0.90, p

The effects of acetic acid fumigation, ethanol fumigation, and steam heat treatment on growth of Botrytis cinerea in vitro were investigated. The effect of steam heat treatments in combination with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on Botrytis decay development on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit was also studied. The fungus was grown in Petri dishes on potato dextrose agar. Ethanol fumigation with 100 μl/l for 3 or 6 min, or 200 μl/l for 6 min enhanced the growth of B. cinerea. The effect of acetic acid on growth of B. cinerea was time and dosage-dependent. Fumigation with 1 μl/l for 6 min, 2 μl/l for 3 min, and 4 μl/l for 3 min promoted radial growth of the fungus when compared to the growth of the untreated control. Fumigation with 2 μl/l for 6 min delayed the growth of the fungus for the first 6 days, while fumigation with 6 μl/l for 3 min delayed the growth of the fungus after the sixth day. Fumigation with 4 or 6 μl/l acetic acid for 6 min, and 8 μl/l acetic acid for 3 or 6 min resulted in complete inhibition of fungal growth. Steam heat treatment at 45°C for 6 min, and at 48, 51, and 54°C for 3 or 6 min completely inhibited fungal growth in vitro. Furthermore, steam treatments at 47, 50, and 53°C for 3 or 6 min completely inhibited decay at the stem end of kiwifruit kept at 10°C in MAP for 12 days. However, none of the steam treatments inhibited decay in wounds on the surface of the fruit kept in MAP.

Bu araştırma, Mardin-Kızıltepe ekolojik koşullarında bazı makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinin verim ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada tescil edilmiş 15 adet makarnalık buğday çeşidi (Fırat-93, Şahinbey, Diyarbakır-81, Aydın-93, Zühre, Ceylan-95, Sarıçanak, Eyyubi, Artuklu, Güneyyıldızı, Altıntoprak, Selçuk-87, Harran, Fuatbey ve Amanos) kullanılmıştır. Deneme Mardin-Kızıltepe kuru şartlarda 2012-2013 ve 2013-2014 yetişme sezonunda tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada kullanılan çeşitlerde bitki boyu 88.2-112.9 cm, başak uzunluğu 5.9-7.5 cm; başakta başakçık sayısı, 15.0-29.8 adet; başaktaki tane sayısı, 23.8-52.6 adet; tane verimi, 286.9-477.3 kg/da; bin tane ağırlığı, 37.3-47.1g; hektolitre ağırlığı, 77.1-82.6 kg; protein oranı, % 10.4-15.7 ve zeleny sedimantasyon testi 13.3-27.6 ml arasında değişmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Mardin-Kızıltepe bölgesi için tane verimi bakımından Şarıçanak çeşidi, protein oranı bakımından Zühre ve hem tane verimi hem de kalite bakımından Sarıçanak, Artuklu ve Zühre çeşitleri ön plana çıkmıştır., This research, was conducted to determine the yield and quality characteristics of some durum wheat cultivars in Mardin-Kızıltepe ecological conditions. In this study, 15 bread wheat cultivars ((Fırat93, Şahinbey, Diyarbakır-81, Aydın-93, Zühre, Ceylan-95, Sarıçanak, Eyyubi, Artuklu, Güneyyıldızı, Altıntoprak, Selçuk-87, Harran, Fuatbey and Amanos) were used. Dry conditions based on Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications was established Mardin-Kızıltepe trial in during the growing season 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. In the studied cultivars, plant height range from 88.2 to112.9 cm, spike length range from 5.9 to 7.5 cm, spikelets per spike the range from 15.0 to 29.8 units, the spike in the number of grains range from 23.8 to 52.6 units per spike, grain yield range from 2869 to 4773 kg/ha, thousand grain weight range from 37.3 to 47.1, range from 77.1 to 82.6 kg test weight, range from % 10.4 to 15.7 protein, and zeleny sedimentation test ranged from 13.3 to 27.6 ml. Based on the results, cv. Sarıçanak was recommended for grain yield and cv. Zühre was protein while cultivars Sarıçanak, Artuklu and Zühre were recommended for both grain yield and quality for the Mardin-Kızıltepe region.

Technology is advancing every day. These developments are accelerating the industrialization of energy. Electricity demand is rapidly increasing. Therefore, effective use of the available energy is a very important issue. Smart Grid allows the management of energy and real-time balance between electrical energy supply and demand sides. In this study, we investigate energy management systems for smart grids.

Objective: Cutaneous silent period (CSP) is an inhibitory spinal reflex and the afferent arm of this response involves A-delta nerve fibers. The aim of this study was to investigate CSP parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to examine the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) treatment on CSP. To the best of our knowledge, this investigation has not yet been carried out until date. Methods: Seventeen patients with T2DM and 23 healthy volunteers were studied. CSP latency and duration in the upper and lower extremities of both the groups were examined. In T2DM patients, the variables were examined before and after ALA treatment. Results: CSP latency in T2DM patients was longer than that in the controls. In the patient group, CSP latency in the upper and lower extremities and CSP Latency Differences (LD) shortened in the third month after treatment compared with the pre-treatment values. Conclusions: The results suggest that ALA treatment may alleviate small-fiber neuropathy in T2DM patients and that CSP may be a useful supportive tool to evaluate ALA treatment effectiveness.

Bu araştırma, Mardin-Kızıltepe ekolojik koşullarında bazı makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinin verim ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada tescil edilmiş 15 adet makarnalık buğday çeşidi (Fırat-93, Şahinbey, Diyarbakır-81, Aydın-93, Zühre, Ceylan-95, Sarıçanak, Eyyubi, Artuklu, Güneyyıldızı, Altıntoprak, Selçuklu-97, Harran, Fuatbey ve Amanos) kullanılmıştır. Deneme Mardin-Kızıltepe'de kuru şartlarda 2013-2014 yetişme sezonunda tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada kullanılan çeşitlerde bitki boyu 82.4-108.2 cm, başak uzunluğu 5.7-7.5 cm, başakta başakçık sayısı 14.3-28.2 adet, başaktaki tane sayısı 22.8-52.0 adet, tane verimi 267.4-457.8 kg/da, bin tane ağırlığı 3336.9-46.6 g, hektolitre ağırlığı 77.8-83.4 kg, biyolojik verim 881.3-1163.5 kg/da, hasat indeksi % 30.0-41.0, protein oranı % 11.5-16.2 ve zeleny sedimantasyon testi 12.2-28.3 ml arasında değişmiştir.Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Mardin-Kızıltepe bölgesi için tane verimi bakımında Şarıçanak çeşidi, protein oranı bakımında Zühre, hem tane verimi hem de kalite bakımında Sarıçanak, Artuklu ve Zühre çeşitleri ön plana çıkmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Makarnalık buğday, Adaptasyon, Verim, Kalite, Verim bileşenleri This research, Mardin-Kızıltepe ecological conditions of some durum wheat cultivars was conducted to determine the yield and quality characteristics. In this study, 15 bread wheat cultivars ((Fırat-93, Şahinbey, Diyarbakır-81, Aydın-93, Zühre, Ceylan-95, Sarıçanak, Eyyubi, Artuklu, Güneyyıldızı, Altıntoprak, Selçuklu-97, Harran, Fuatbey and Amanos) were used. Mardin-Kızıltepe trial in dry conditions during the growing season 2013-2014 based on Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications was established. Used in the study of varieties, plant height 82.4-108.2 cm, tiller number per plant 1.5-2.5 units, spike length 5.7-7.5 cm, spikelets per spike the 14.3-28.2 units, the spike in the number of grains 22.8-52.0 units per spike, grain yield 2674-4578 kg/ha, thousand grain weight 36.9-46.6, 77.8-83.4 kg test weight, biological yield 8813-11635 kg/ha, harvest index % 30.0-41.0 % 11.5-16.2 protein, and zeleny sedimentation test ranged from 12.2-28.3 ml.Based on the results, Sarıçanak was recommended for grain yield and Zühre was protein while Sarıçanak, Artuklu and Zühre were recommended for both grain yield and quality for the Mardin-Kızıltepe region.Keywords: Durum wheat, Adaptation, Yield, Quality, Yield components. 70

This paper will present the analysis of the author's compositional work Enfilade: Lamento-Cambiata. The analysis consists of two levels. On the first level, formal outline, timbral discourse, pitch construction are examined in relation to the compositional and aesthetic motivations. The results of these examinations are then carried to the second level of the analysis, which is concerned with the perceptual evaluation of the sounding result. Both levels are informed by the recent research on auditive analysis and spectromorphological categorizations of timbre and gesture. In this respect, a detailed spectromorphological analysis of the piece is performed by applying the taxonomic approach of Lasse Thoresen's work on spectromorphology, as well as UST categorizations of Laboratoire de musique et informatique de Marseille. Finally, the relationship of spectromorphological units with the formal design is compared for the purpose of shedding light to the relationship between the musical structure and listening experience.