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Objective: This research aimed at evaluating the changing conditions and experiences of urological practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The data of all patients who were admitted to outpatient clinics at Hisar Intercontinental Hospital or the hospital’s online patient portal system between March 11th and May 30th, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Of all patients, 545 in outpatient clinics and 25 in online portal system, (17%) were hospitalized for medical treatment, and 53 underwent surgery. There were 1032 patients admitted to Urology Clinics and 104 patients who underwent surgery in the same period of 2019. The pre-operative assessment of patients who were candidates of urological surgery included certain criteria for COVID-19. Results: Of patients included in this study, the median age was 41 years (18–90). The mean hospital stay was 1 day (1–12), and the mean duration of operation was 25 min (3–250). Thirty-seven patients (69.8%) underwent general anesthesia, while only 11(20.8%) underwent combined spinal epidural anesthesia. Four patients (7.5%) required local and only one patient (1.9%) underwent sedo-analgesia. Complications were encountered in six patients (11.4%), urosepsis in two, pneumonia in one, and urinary tract infection in three patients. Compared to last year’s numbers, the number of patients admitted to the hospital’s outpatient clinic and that of hospitalized patients decreased by 47.2% and 49.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Emergent surgeries in urological practices can be performed safely under routine preoperative testing for COVID-19 and with the use of adequate protective equipment for both the surgical team and the patient.

High-flow priapism is a rare condition characterized by prolonged and painless erection. It is defined as contusion or thrombosis of the cavernous body of the penis usually secondary to blunt trauma. Due to the rarity of the disease, there is no well-defined consensus about treatment. Conservative treatment is often applied with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. We present a case of 58-year-old man with proximal partial priapism that developed secondary to blunt trauma to the penis. The patient did not benefit from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy and then was successfully treated with selective embolization.

Adana İli ikinci ürün susam üretim alanlarında görülen zararlı vefaydalı faunasının saptanması amacıyla 2015 yılı Haziran- Ekim ayları arasındaAdana’nın Seyhan, Yüreğir, Karataş ve Kozan ilçelerinde sörvey çalışmalarıyürütülmüştür. Yapılan sörvey çalışmaları sonucunda; susamda Arthoropodaşubesine bağlı 5 takım ve bu takımlara bağlı 16 familyadan 9 cins ve 41 tür tespitetmiştir. Susam üretim alanlarında Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera veLepidoptera takımlarından 11 familyaya bağlı 7 cinse ait 26 zararlı tür,Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera ve Hemiptera takımlarından 2 cinse ait 15yararlı tür saptanmıştır. Susam üretim alanlarında faydalı türlerden ise Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chyrsopidae)tüm bölgelerde oldukça yüksek yoğunlukta belirlenmiştir. Kozan yöresinin zararlıve faydalı tür çeşitliliği açısından önemli bir zenginlikte olduğu tespitedilmiştir., This study was carried out to determine the fauna of pest and beneficialinsect species in the second crop sesame plantation areas in Seyhan, Yüreğir,Karataş and Kozan locations of Adana province in Turkey between June-October2015. As results; 5 order belonging to Arthropoda and 16 family, 41 species and9 genus, totally 10320 insect were collected from sesame plantations of Adana. Atotal of 26 species and 7 genus pest were found in sesame plantations.Twenty-six species and 7 genus belonging to the Thysanoptera, Coleoptera,Hemiptera and Lepidoptera orders; 15 species and 2 genus belonging to theThysanoptera, Coloptera, Neuroptera and Hemiptera orders as beneficial insects;on the sesame fields. Within benefical species, a significiant density of Chrysoperla carnea, (Stephens) wasobserved. Kozan were found to be an important region having rich harmful anduseful pest species in diversity.

We compared the long-term success of desmopressin sublingual lyophilisate formulation and enuretic alarm therapy in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis, and determined predictive factors for treatment success.A total of 142 children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis were randomized to receive treatment consisting of desmopressin or enuretic alarm for 6 months. Treatment compliance and response were reviewed monthly in each patient using a 30-day bed-wetting diary. Outcomes were assessed according to International Children's Continence Society criteria, and success rates at 6 and 12 months were compared for desmopressin and enuretic alarm. Additional intention to treat analyses were performed, considering cases with missing data as failures. Possible demographic factors predicting success were investigated by logistic regression analysis.Overall 4 children (5.2%) in the desmopressin group and 20 (30.7%) in the enuretic alarm group withdrew after randomization. Based on patients who completed 6 months of treatment, success (more than 90% reduction in wet nights per month) was achieved in 76.8% and 61.8% of children in the desmopressin and enuretic alarm groups, respectively. At 12 months 77.8% of those receiving desmopressin and 75% of those treated with enuretic alarm had success. However, long-term success rate was significantly higher with desmopressin (68.8% vs 46.2%) if intention to treat population was considered. Multivariate analysis revealed treatment group, severity of enuresis and monthly income as independent predictors of cure at 6 months.In compliant patients desmopressin lyophilisate and enuretic alarm provided equivalent success at the end of treatment and after extended followup. Alarm therapy had a high rate of early withdrawal from therapy and consequently lower rates of success on intention to treat analyses. Severe enuresis (more than 5 wet nights weekly) is an important predictive factor for cure after first-line treatment.

Most children referred for urodynamic studies already have specific pathological diagnoses such as spinal dysraphism, spinal cord injury or cerebral palsy as well as voiding dysfunction. When paediatric urologists need to evaluate a child, an understanding of the main complaints, a detailed medical history as well as a focused physical examination are essential for setting up an appropriate management strategy for these patients. The comprehensive history should reflect the general health status in addition to a specific voiding and defecation history. Frequency-volume charts, voiding diaries, and symptom scores will be helpful for a sufficient workup. Physical examination should cover the inspection and palpation of the abdomen, genitalia and with special attention the back of the child. While urological examination focuses on external genitalia, neurological examination includes the assessment of perineal sensation, the perineal reflexes from the sacral segments and anal sphincter tone and control. Asymmetry of the buttocks, legs or feet and other signs of occult spinal dysraphism in the lumbosacral area have to be investigated carefully. Gynaecological examination can provide important information on external genitalia as well as the introitus, the urethral meatus and the perineum.

Objective The use of methylene blue dye (MB) to highlight anatomical structures in urology has been well-established. Urethral stricture may extend about a centimeter beyond the abnormal area seen on urethrogram. Although the current literature suggests a tension-free and end- to- end anastomosis after excision of the strictured urethral segment with spongiofibrosis and surrounding corpus spongiosum in short bulbar strictures, some centers dealing with urethroplasty prefer anastomosis for short bulbar strictures while others prefer augmentation. With this study, use of MB for delineating stricture line and assessing spongiofibrosis in the diagnosis of urethral stricture was evaluated. Material and methods Five cc MB including 10 mg/mL is diluted with 10 cc saline. In the first scenario, MB is gently injected into urethra via the meatus before the urethroplasty procedure. Meanwhile, the extent of urethral segment stained by MB is noted. In the second scenario (MB spongiosography) in short bulbar stricture, insulin needles are inserted in spongiosa of the stricture site distally and proximally. MB is gently injected with distal needle. The two remaining needles are then observed. Presence of MB efflux in proximal needle implies deficiency of significant spongiofibrosis, so buccal augmentation is performed. Absence of efflux of MB implies significant spongiofibrosis and anastomotik site excised. Results Four hundred and ninety-two consecutive cases prospectively evaluated between 2010 and 2014. Precise staining of stricture was successfully observed in 464 (94%) patients. Grossly normal appearing urothelium remained pink. Histopathology confirmed that the stained urethra had a stricture. Of the 22 short bulbar idiopathic strictures, in 18 (82%) MB was seen across the stricture and urethral transection was avoided. Anastomosis was performed in 4 (18%) cases where no MB went across the primary excision. There were no known allergic complications. Conclusion MB aids in delineating the urethral lumen and exact site of stricture that needs augmentation. MB Spongiography in short bulbar strictures could be used as a beneficial guide in relation to the type of urethral repair to be performed in terms of augmentation versus excision and anastomosis.

Benign prostate hyperplasia is frequently diagnosed in elderly chronic renal failure patients. Although it is asymptomatic because urine flow declines in those with chronic renal failure, it may become symptomatic when urine flow increases after renal transplant. Untreated benign prostate hyperplasia may lead to several complications that adversely affect the kidney allograft.Our retrospective study investigated data from 286 male transplant patients. Data obtained included medical history, clinical examination, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, and residual urine volume results. Patients had completed an International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire to assess the low urinary symptoms. Creatinine level, residual urine volume, International Prostate Symptom Score, and uroflow-metry results were reviewed.The average age of patients in our group was 54.8 years. Seven patients were diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia, and transurethral resection of the prostate was performed. The average creatinine levels before and after transurethral resection were 2.53 ± 0.76 mg/dL and 1.66 ± 1.12 mg/dL, respectively. Creatinine levels measured 6 months after transurethral resection versus before resection were statistically significant (P.018). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference (P.017) in the postmicturition residual urine volume between the preoperative and postoperative values, which were 132.14 ± 19.33 and 47.6 ± 18.6 mL, respectively. Maximum urine flow rates before and after transurethral resection were also significantly different (P.017).Although the main reasons for graft function loss after renal transplant are rejection and infections, obstructive pathologies should also be considered. Especially for elderly patients, anamnesis, uroflowmetry, and digital rectal examination play critical roles in the evaluation of benign prostate hyperplasia before and after transplant.

Relapse after cessation of desmopressin is an important problem in treating patients with enuresis. Structured withdrawal of desmopressin tablets has been shown to decrease relapse rates. However, scientific data are lacking on the structured withdrawal of the fast melting oral formulation of desmopressin. We compared relapse rates of structured withdrawal using placebo and direct cessation in a population of patients with enuresis who were desmopressin responders.Patients diagnosed with enuresis and responding to desmopressin from 13 different centers were involved in the study. Patients were randomized into 4 groups. Two different structured withdrawal strategies were compared to placebo and direct withdrawal. Sample size was estimated as 240 (60 patients in each group), with a power of 0.80 and an effect size of 30%. Randomization was performed using NCSS statistical software (NCSS, Kaysville, Utah) from a single center. The relapse rates of the groups were compared using chi-square testing. Logistic regression analysis was performed to define the independent factors having an effect on relapse rates.Desmopressin treatment was initiated in 421 patients, and 259 patients were eligible for randomization. Relapse rates were 39 (1%) and 42 (4%) for the structured withdrawal groups, which were significantly less than for direct withdrawal (55, 3%) and placebo (53, 1%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that initial effective dose of 240 μcg, greater number of wet nights before treatment and nonstructured withdrawal were associated with higher relapse rates.We found that structured withdrawal with the fast melting oral formulation of desmopressin results in decreased relapse rates. Application of a structured withdrawal program was also an independent factor associated with reduced relapse rates, together with lower initial effective dose and number of wet nights per week. Relapse after cessation of desmopressin is an important problem, and in this study structured withdrawal was observed to be associated with decreased relapse rates compared to placebo and direct withdrawal.

Background and aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on erectile dysfunction in hypercholesterolaemic patients. Methods: Ninety consecutive male hypercholesterolaemic patients (mean age 50.4 ± 7.9 years) who were otherwise healthy were included into the study prospectively. None of the patients had any cardiovascular risk factors except hypercholesterolaemia.The patients were divided into two groups. One group received atorvastatin while the other group was given rosuvastatin. All patients were followed for six months and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score and blood samples were re-evaluated. Results: Patients were in similar ages in both groups. There were also no statistical differences in terms of blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglyceride and mean IIEF score in both groups at the beginning. After six months, no IIEF score changes were observed in the rosuvastatin group after the medication. However, the IIEF score was significantly lower in the atorvastatin group (p = 0.019). Conclusions: Rosuvastatin showed no effect on erectile dysfunction, while we observed increased erectile dysfunction with atorvastatin. Our study reveals that different statin types may have different effects on erectile dysfunction.

Bulbar urethra is the most common site of anterior urethral stricture and this stricture develops secondary to idiopathic (40%), iatrogenic (35%), inflammatory (10%), and traumatic (15%) causes. Various techniques and approaches with buccal mucosal graft have been described. We wanted to describe different techniques of repair with specific advantages.

Monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis is the nighttime bed-wetting that occurs among children without lower urinary tract symptoms or bladder dysfunction, and affects a considerable part of the population. In our study the effect of laser acupuncture therapy on patients with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis was evaluated in a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, single-blind study.A total of 91 children with a mean age of 8.6 years who presented to our outpatient clinic with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and had not received any medical therapy were included in the study. The children were randomized into 2 groups. In group 1 laser acupuncture was performed 3 times a week for 4 weeks, whereas the same program via a nonlaser light to the same points was performed on the children in group 2 (placebo group). The number of weekly bed-wetting episodes before therapy was recorded, and the children were reevaluated 15, 30, 90 and 180 days after treatment.The mean number of bed-wetting episodes was 1.7 per week 6 months after laser therapy. In the placebo group the mean number of weekly bed-wetting episodes was 3.1. Laser acupuncture therapy was significantly more beneficial compared to placebo in terms of complete dryness, partial improvement and a decrease in the mean number of weekly bed-wetting episodes.Laser acupuncture therapy, a noninvasive, painless, short-term therapy with a low cost, can be considered as an alternative therapy for patients with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.

We sought to evaluate the efficacy of transdermal dihydrotestosterone treatment based on the results of hypospadias repair in children with primary hypospadias.A total of 75 randomized consecutive children who were a mean of 33.4 +/- 3.7 months old and had primary hypospadias were included in the study between September 2004 and April 2006. While 37 children were treated with 2.5% transdermal gel daily, applied directly onto the penile shaft and glans for 3 months (group 1), 38 children did not receive any treatment preoperatively (group 2). All children underwent hypospadias repair using tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. Postoperative complications were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test with respect to fistulas, urethral strictures, diverticula, meatal stenosis, glanular dehiscence and scar formation according to the results at 1-year followup.Mean ages of the children in groups 1 and 2 were similar (30.8 +/- 5.4 months and 35.1 +/- 5.1 months, respectively). The urethral meatus was coronal in 70%, penile in 24% and penoscrotal in 5% of the patients in group 1, while it was coronal in 84% and penile in 16% of the patients in group 2. Postoperative complications included urethrocutaneous fistula in 4 patients (11%) in group 2, compared to 1 patient (3%) in group 1 (p0.05). While 3 patients (8%) in group 2 had glanular dehiscence, no patient in the dihydrotestosterone group had this complication (p0.05). There were 2 patients with meatal stenosis in group 2 (5%), and no patient with meatal stenosis in group 1 (p0.05). In addition, there were 16 patients (42%) with moderate to severe postoperative scar formation in group 2, compared to only 2 patients (5%) in the dihydrotestosterone group (p0.05). Finally, there was a significant difference between the overall reoperation rates of group 2 (9 patients, 24%) and group 1 (1 patient, 3%, p0.05). None of our patients had signs or symptoms of urethral stricture or urethral diverticulum.Pretreatment with dihydrotestosterone transdermal gel was effective in decreasing the complications and improving the cosmetic results after hypospadias repair.

Aim: To study the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and the impact of associated familial factors in Turkish children with a different socioeconomic status. Methods: A specific questionnaire was distributed to 3,000 parents of primary school children (6–12 years old). Of these children, 1,500 attended primary schools in Umraniye, a suburban region of Istanbul (group 1), and the other 1,500 children visited schools in Suadiye, a well-developed part of Istanbul (group 2). The first part of the survey investigated the familial conditions of the children (financial status, family history of enuresis, and family size). The second part of the questionnaire surveyed the demographic and physical characteristics of the children. The last part was designed to investigate the opinions and beliefs of the parents about nocturnal enuresis and treatment modalities. The prevalence rates of nocturnal enuresis and associated familial factors of these children from two different regions of Istanbul were compared. Results: Of the 3,000 questionnaires distributed, 2,589 (86.3%) were returned and included in the final analysis. The mean age of group 1 and 2 children was 8.88 ± 1.4 and 8.9 ± 1.5 years, respectively (p > 0.05). The gender of the subjects was equally distributed (48.6% males and 51.4% females). Enuresis was present in 334 children (25.5%) of group 1 and in 205 children (16%) of group 2. Enuresis was significantly more common in group 1 (p < 0.01). The families consisted of 4.69 ± 1.4 and 4.1 ± 1.1 persons, respectively (p < 0.01). A yearly income of USD 7,000 was achieved in group 2 by 54%, in group 1 by only 0.7% (p < 0.01). Only 26 children of group 1 (7.8%) and 22 children of group 2 (10.8%) were noted to receive medical enuresis treatments, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.01). The parents of the enuretic children from the suburban region of Istanbul were found to consider the condition a normal developmental entity. They believed that enuresis will resolve spontaneously and that no treatment is necessary. On the contrary, the parents of the enuretic children in the well-developed region of the city believed that enuresis is a psychological problem and that intensive psychological assistance is essential for the management. Conclusions: Our study indicates that the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in Turkey is comparable to that reported in the literature. The parents consider that enuresis nocturna is not a fatal disorder, that the drugs used in the treatment may be harmful, and that no medical assistance is required. Trained health personnel and physicians should inform the parents about enuresis in order to prevent possible behavioral and self-esteem problems.

The hormonal stimulation for the purpose of penile enlargement before the hypospadias repair has been commonly used, but rarely reported. In addition to functional outcome, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) pretreatment has been suggested to improve cosmetic outcome in a preliminary randomized study. Since the randomized and controlled clinical trials on this topic are insufficient, the hormonal agent, the route of administration, dosing schedule, and the timing of treatment has been remained controversial. In order to confirm the efficiency of hormonal treatment, further well designed randomized studies with a larger number of patients and a placebo group are warranted.

Introduction To investigate the effectiveness of manual detorsion (MD) and applicability of extra-scrotal fixation for testicular torsion in a rabbit model. Material and methods Twelve New Zealand male rabbits were randomized into six groups of two rabbits each. A single-side testicular torsion (TT) model (different degrees, time and sides) was performed in all groups except the Sham group. The groups included: Group 1 (180°; 4 h), Group 2 (720°; 6 h), Group 3 (1080°; 9 h), Group 4 (540°; 1 h), Group 5 (900°; 2 h), and Group 6 (sham-only). Testes were examined by another urologist and radiologist with Color Doppler Ultrasonography (CDU). MD was performed with CDU until blood flow was observed in the affected testis. Extra-scrotal fixation was then conducted in these animals. The testes were then harvested for blinded histopathological examinations. Results TT was detected in all animals except the control group. The CDU examination detected decreased blood flow only in Group 1. An opposite rate was observed between the spermatic cord diameter and torsion degree. A wrong direction of MD in the first step was observed in two rabbits in Groups 4 and 5. Torsion signs were observed only in Group 3. Rest torsion was observed in Groups 3 and 5 after extra-scrotal fixation. Histopathological examinations showed that testicular damage increased in parallel to torsion duration. Conclusions Extra-scrotal fixation after MD along with CDU may be a simple and minimally invasive treatment option in TT therapy. However, this must be verified with further studies.

The urinary flow patterns and the Toguri nomogram were compared in the intermediate functional results of the tubularized-incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU) to repair distal and midpenile hypospadias by using uroflowmetry. 28 children who were toilet trained, were able to void volitionally, and had no fistulas following hypospadias repair were eligible for the study. The study did not include children who had persistent fistula, meatal stenosis or urethral stricture, and did not return for follow-up. The mean age was 8.4 years and the mean follow-up period was 18 months. The urinary flow pattern, maximum (Qmax) and average flow rate (Qave) were measured; the results were expressed as percentiles and compared to the Toguri values from normal children. The Qmax and Qave were considered normal if they were in >25th percentile, equivocally obstructed in the 5–25th percentile and obstructed if max above the 25th percentile according to the Toguri nomogram. Of children with Qmax below the 5th percentile, both of them had a plateau flow pattern and were found to have an asymptomatic meatal stenosis, which was improved with urethral dilatation. However, of the 4 patients with Qmax between 5 and 25 percentiles, 2 had a plateau flow pattern and the others had a bell-shaped flow pattern. The flow patterns of the 2 patients determined as obstructive by the Toguri nomogram were plateau-shaped. TIPU provides satisfactory functional results for distal and midpenile hypospadias; uroflowmetry is an important noninvasive tool to evaluate this technique. There are no studies in the literature which only used flow patterns for the evaluation of urination for follow-up after the hypospadias repair. Our study showed that the evaluation of obstruction according to the Toguri nomogram may not be necessary in patients with a normal bell-shaped flow pattern in uroflowmetry.

Measurement of testicular volume is a more readily available method of estimating spermatogenesis in adolescence. Traditionally, testicular volumes have been measured with different type of orchidometers or calipers. The most widely used orchidometer is the Prader orchidometer introduced in 1966. This type of orchidometer, a graded series of ellipsoid beads on a string, is used for testicular volume measurement, which is a useful index of puberty in male in order to evaluate male growth and development. Although it is more practical and inexpensive compared with ultrasonography, this instrument has been questioned in regard to its objectiveness in different hands. We designed a prospective clinical study to investigate the correlation between testicular size measurements of three different clinical investigators by using Prader orchidometer. A total of 100 testes in 50 boys with a mean age of 6.4 years (range 1-15 years) who presented to Urology and Pediatrics outpatient clinics of our hospital without urogenital complaints were enrolled to this study. The volumes of each testis were measured independently using Prader orchidometer by three different clinical investigators (A, B and C). Each investigator repeated testicular volume measurements blinded to measurements obtained by others. The measured volumes were recorded separately. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Pearson's correlation (r) to determine the correlation of orchidometer measurements between the examiners. All statistical analyses and power calculations were performed using computer software. Mean testicular volumes measured by three examiners A, B and C were 4.01+/-3.79 ml (SD) (2-18 ml), 3.66+/-3.46 ml (SD) (1-18 ml) and 3.86+/-3.54 ml (SD) (1-18 ml), respectively. The statistical correlation between the measurements of investigator A and B, A and C, and B and C showed a high correlation {r = 0.954 (P0.01), r = 0.964 (P0.01), and r = 0.979 (P0.01)}, respectively. In the present study, it was shown that testicular size measurement by using Prader orchidometer gives good correlation in different examiners' hands and it is an objective and reliable method in pediatric urological practice.

A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PlasmaKinetic vaporization of prostate (PKVP) relative to standard transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in the surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Between March of 2001 and February of 2003, 75 patients aged 49 to 80 years (median 66 years) with a complaint of lower urinary-tract symptoms and a mean prostate volume of 50 +/- 6 cc were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the operating time, blood transfusion, postoperative irrigation period, and catheter-removal time. Patients were assessed at baseline and during the follow-up using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and maximum urinary flow rate (Q(max)).The mean operation time for PKVP (40.3 +/- 15 minutes) was significantly shorter than that of TURP (55 +/- 11.1 minutes) (P0.001). The postoperative irrigation period was significantly shorter in the PKVP group (mean 6 +/- 3 hours) than in the TURP group (mean 20 +/- 8 hours) (P0.001). The mean catheter-removal time was significantly later after TURP (68 +/- 21 hours) than after PKVP (35 +/- 9 hours) (P0.001). The groups had comparable mean IPSS and Q(max) values at baseline, and both had significant improvement in these parameters after operation. For IPSS, especially at the third month after the operation, PKVP patients showed significantly greater improvement (P0.001). There was no difference in Q(max) values between the groups (P0.05). Whereas blood transfusion was necessary for two patients in the TURP group, there were no transfusions in the PKVP group.Because of the short operating time, smaller blood loss, shorter period of irrigation and catheterization, use of isotonic fluid, and absence of electrical current, PKVP is safe and advantageous. Although these early results have shown that this technique may be a good alternative among the minimally invasive methods for the surgical management of BPH, further studies with longer-term results are essential.

A group of anti-androgens with different mechanisms of action and adverse effects have been investigated in patients with gross hematuria related to benign prostate hyperplasia; however, there is not yet any consensus about the standard management of these patients. The present study aims to identify if any one type of the hormonal intervention is superior in terms of the suppression of microvessel formation in the prostate.A total of 28 mature, healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 +/- 50 g) were used in this study. The rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 7 per group). The effects of three different hormonal therapies on angiogenesis and microvascularity in rat ventral prostate were compared. Groups 1 and 2 were treated for 28 days with finasteride and bicalutamide, respectively, and rats from Group 3 underwent surgical castration. Following treatment, all rats included in the study underwent dissection of the ventral prostate and immunohistochemical analysis of microvessel density by factor VIII-related antigen.The mean number of microvessels in the finasteride and bicalutamide groups was 24.5 (+/-8.44 SE) and 27 (+/-9.89 SE) respectively. In contrast, the castration and control groups had microvessel numbers of 12.9 (+/-5.35 SE) and 40.3 (+/-5.03 SE) respectively. Differences were statistically significant between all three treatment groups and the controls (P0.005); the number of microvessels in rat prostate tissues of the control group was significantly higher than the treatment groups. Mean microvessel densities in the bicalutamide and finasteride groups were significantly higher than microvessel densities in the castration group (P0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between mean microvessel number in rat prostate tissue treated with finasteride or bicalutamide (P0.05).Even though finasteride was not as effective as castration in reducing microvessel number, its effect was equal to that of bicalutamide in terms of suppressing the angiogenesis in prostatic tissue. Based on the findings of the present study, finasteride might offer a viable option in the management of macroscopic hematuria by inhibition of microvessel formation within the prostatic tissue. Further clinical studies are warranted.

OBJECTIVE: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is becoming more prevalent in parallel to the changing demographic structures of the community. Transurethral resection is still considered the most effective treatment. Due to advances in technology, different treatment modalities are being attempted. In our study, we compared the long-term results of standard transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) with plasmakinetic vaporization of prostate (PKVP, Gyrus Medical Ltd., Bucks, UK). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of the 75 patients who were admitted to our outpatient clinic between 2001 and 2003 with lower urinary tract complaints and who were randomized into two groups (transurethral resection (TUR) and PKVP), 36 were enrolled to study and completed a follow-up period of 72 months. RESULTS: Both groups were equal in terms of age and preoperative parameters. The preoperative maximum uroflow rate (Qmax) in the PKVP group was 6 (2.3) mL/s and the rates were 21.8 (3.4) and 20.1 (3.1) during the control visits at 36 and 72 months, respectively. For the PKVP group, these rates were 6 (3.1), 14.4 (2.6), and 15.6 (2.8), respectively. In terms of the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), for the TUR group, these values were 22 (3.8), 5.7 (1.2), and 7.9 (2.6). For the PKVP group, the respective values were 21 (3.4), 7.6 (1.4), and 11 (2.4). The IPSS and Qmax values measured at the 36(th) and 72(nd) months for both groups were significantly different from each other (p

The authors enrolled 32 female partners of sexually active men with premature ejaculation to investigate their sexual functions. An age-matched sample of the same number women whose partners had no sexual dysfunction was also included. Premature ejaculation was defined for all participants as ejaculation that nearly always occurs before or within 2min of vaginal penetration. An invitation letter was given to men with premature ejaculation to ask whether their female partners could be contacted about completing a questionnaire to measure female sexual status. On the basis of the Female Sexual Function Index, the average sexual function score was significantly lower in partners of men with premature ejaculation (21.8 +/- 7.6) compared with that in healthy controls (25.9 +/- 6.6). Female sexual dysfunction was diagnosed in 78% of women who has a male partner with premature ejaculation, while 40% of female partner of healthy men. All of the domain scores of Female Sexual Function Index, except the desire and pain levels, were significantly lower in female partners of men with premature ejaculation group than those of healthy subjects.

Background and aims: To investigate the possible effect of resectoscope size on urethral stricture rate after monopolar TURP. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 71 men undergoing TURP was conducted at two centers’ from November 2009 to May 2013. The patients were divided into one of two groups according to the resectoscope diameter used for TURP. Resectoscope diameter was 24 F in group 1 (n=35) or 26 F in group 2 (n=36). Urethral catheter type, catheter removal time and energy type were kept constant for all patients. Urethral stricture formation in different localizations after TURP was compared between groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, pre-operative prostate gland volume (PV), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), maximal urinary flow rates (Qmax), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and post-voiding residual urine volume (PVR). The resection time and weight of resected prostate tissue were similar for both groups (p>0.05). A statistically significant higher incidence of bulbar stricture was detected in group 2 compared to group1 (p=0.018). Conclusions: The use of small-diameter resectoscope shafts may cause a reduction in the incidence of uretral strictures in relation to urethral friction and mucosal damage.

Lung cancer is among the most common cancers which continue to be a major cause of death in the world and many present with distant metastasis in advanced stages precluding curative treatment. Herein, we report a 62-year-old male patient admitted to our hospital with complaint of a painful mass in his left inguinal region. Surprisingly, a chest radiograph revealed a mass in his left lung with ipsilateral pleural effusion. Thorough radiological and pathologic examinations he was confirmed to have a non-small cell lung cancer with only spermatic cord metastasis and unfortunately the patient died two weeks after admission.

The giant hydroureteronephrosis is a rare condition. We report a case of a unilateral giant hydroureteronephrosis in an adult patient presenting as palpable abdominal mass secondary to ureterovesical junction (UPJ) stricture. A 51-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of a palpable abdominal mass. Physical examination revealed a grossly distended abdomen that the upper margin of distension was at the level of the epigastrium and the lower one at the suprapubic region. Abdominal ultrasound and computerized tomography demonstrated a very large cystic mass in the right side of retroperitoneum involving all the space from superiorly right sub-diaphragmatic area to the bladder inferiorly. The patient underwent exploration and a right giant hydroureteronephrosis as involving all the retroperitoneal space crossing midline to the left with a liquid content of approximately 7 l caused by stricture at the ureterovesical junction was seen. The hydronephrotic sac was thin and right nephroureterectomy was performed by opening the sac and draining-off the liquid. The literature was reviewed and the management of giant hydronephrosis was discussed.

OBJECTIVES Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is of critical importance to understand the histopathology of UPJ obstruction in terms of therapy planning and follow-up. For this purpose, our study was conducted with TNF-α and TGF-β markers to investigate possible underlying problems in intrinsic UPJ obstruction. METHODS Of the patients who had undergone surgery in our clinic, 36 UPJ segments of patients who had undergone dismembered pyeloplasty surgery due to UPJ obstruction and 14 UPJ segments of the patients who had undergone nephrectomy were collected to form 2 groups. All histological sections were examined by applying immunohistochemical transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) monoclonal antibody dyes. RESULTS The mean staining values for TNF-α in mucosal tissue and mucosa were 0.53±0.84 and 0.58±0.84, respectively in the obstruction group, whereas the values observed in the control group were 0.86±0.36 and 0.93±0.47, respectively. While the mean staining values in the obstruction group in mucosal tissue and mucosa for TGF-β3 were 1.75±0.73 and 2.17±0.77, respectively, the values established in the control group were 1.14±0.66 and 1.43±0.93, respectively. The difference between the obstruction and control groups were statistically significant for both values (p

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common systemic vasculitis of childhood. It is usually seen following upper respiratory tract infections. It rarely involves the genital system or causes scrotal edema. With this report, we wanted to bring a different perspective to this clinic of acute scrotum. Herein, we present two HSP patients admitted to our clinic with scrotal involvement, with a review of the literature.

Using phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms continues to draw attention. Despite clinical improvements in patients, it is still debatable whether urinary flow rates are increased or not. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of sildenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, on uroflowmetry parameters. A total of 110 men who had applied to our outpatient clinics and who had had no history of alpha blocker and PDE5 inhibitor use were included in our study. Two uroflowmetries were performed within 24-72 hours without any treatment. Participants received 50 mg of sildenafil at their third visit, and uroflowmetry was repeated after 2 hours. A total of 102 men were included in the analysis, and baseline uroflowmetry values were compared with values obtained after sildenafil use. The mean age of the 102 participants who had attended all three visits (92.7%) was 52.1 ± 12.2 years. Mean of baseline maximal flow rate values were 17.1 ± 5.1 mL/s, mean of baseline maximal flow rate after sildenafil was 18.2 ± 5.1 mL/s; average flow rate values at the baseline and after sildenafil were 9.5 ± 3.5 and 9.9 ± 3.5 mL/s, respectively. Means of postvoid residual urine volume for baseline and after sildenafil were 31.2 ± 20.1 and 27.7 ± 18.4 mL, respectively. Statistically significant difference is determined between baseline and postsildenafil values in terms of average flow rates at baseline and postvoid residual urine values. Results of this study suggest that sildenafil has an effect on uroflowmetric parameters during an acute period.

Civilian penetrating injuries to the penis are quite rare. We present the case of a 48-year-old man with prosthetic implant surgery who referred to the emergency department of our clinic with penetrating gunshot injury to the penis. The damaged implant was removed and the defect on the anterior urethra was repaired primarily. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such report in the literature regarding penile gunshot injury in a patient with penile prosthesis.

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of patient age and education level on the comprehension of the Turkish version of Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and to determine the patient characteristics that make this questionnaire less reliable. In this study, 238 male patients presenting to our clinic were enrolled. The patients were asked to complete the Turkish version of the IIEF questionnaire upon arrival by themselves and then once again during their second visit with the assistance of a physician. 'Accurate' comprehension of the IIEF was considered to be the consistency between the 'self-administered' and 'physician-assisted' IIEF scores. The impact of patient age and education level on the 'accurate' comprehension of the IIEF was analyzed. There was a significant difference between the 'self-administered' and 'physician-assisted' IIEF scores in patients ≥ 60 years of age (P=0.045) and primary school graduates (P=0.015). Age ≥ 60 years and being primary school graduate are factors lowering the comprehension of the Turkish version of the IIEF by the patients. Older patients and patients with lower education could benefit from the assistance of a physician while completing this questionnaire.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the extracellular matrix microenvironment and nerve supply of ureteropelvic junctions (UPJs) in children with intrinsic UPJ obstruction. Congenital UPJ obstruction is the most common cause of neonatal hydronephrosis. Although many studies investigating the molecular changes within this segment have been performed, the underlying mechanisms of UPJ obstruction are still unclear. METHODS Specimens were obtained from 21 children with a mean age of 103.2 months undergoing dismembered pyeloplasty. Control samples included 9 archival specimens from age-matched children without any history of urologic disease. Paraffin-embedded sections were immunostained to detect matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), tenascin C (TN-C), and S-100 (for the neuronal supply). Expression patterns were investigated using semiquantitative high-power field magnification analyses, and the MMP-2 and TN-C immunoreactivity were scored. Differences between the 2 groups were examined statistically. RESULTS All UPJ specimens displayed a resolved muscular coat and replacement of smooth muscle cells by connective tissue. The degree of MMP-2 expression representing matrix turnover was statistically significantly elevated. Similarly, TN-C expression was found to be higher in obstructed specimens. Additionally, the mean S-100 staining was lower than in controls. Although S-100-positive nerve-fibers were more predominant in the adventitia with minimal submucosal and absent intramuscular staining in patient specimens, they were abundant in both adventitia and submucosa with minimal intramuscular staining in the controls. CONCLUSIONS In intrinsic UPJ obstruction samples, a dissolved smooth muscular coat and an overexpression of extracellular matrix proteins, together with depleted nerve supply, was demonstrable.

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital malformation characterized by intrauterine fusion of the spleen and gonad. We present a 13-year-old boy referred to our clinic, with left scrotal mass and impalpable testis on the right. The scrotal mass was diagnosed histologically as discontinuous-type splenogonadal fusion and intra-abdominal displaced right testis as germ cell aplasia (Sertoli cell only).

Ten percent of all traumas, responsible for 14% of all deaths, involve the urogenital system. We retrospectively evaluated the patients with genitourinary trauma who underwent any kind of management modality in our clinics.We retrospectively evaluated 108 patients (92 males, 16 females; mean age 35.8+/-17.5 years; range 6 to 87 years) with urogenital trauma between 2003 and 2007 according to age, gender, type of trauma, affected organ, grade of trauma, accompanying other-organ injuries, radiological imaging techniques, and treatment.Sixty-eight patients (63%) had blunt, 25 (24%) had penetrating, and 12 (11%) had iatrogenic trauma, and 3 patients (3%) had spontaneous organ injury. When we considered the affected organ, renal trauma was determined in 34 patients (32%), ureteral trauma in 11 (10%), bladder injuries in 18 (17%), urethral trauma in 27 (25%), testicular trauma in 6 (6%), and penile trauma in 12 (10%) patients. Seventeen patients (50%) had grade 3, 11 (32%) had grade 4 and 6 (18%) had grade 5 renal injury; 6 patients of these cases underwent surgical treatment.Our results were parallel to those available in the literature. Due to the lack of sufficient information about urogenital trauma rates in our country, it would be highly useful for reference centers to evaluate and publish their own data.

To assess the long-term efficacy and the safety of plasmakinetic vaporization of prostate (PKVP, Gyrus Medical Ltd., Bucks, UK) against standard transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for symptomatic prostatic obstruction.Of 75 patients admitted to our clinic with symptomatic prostatic obstruction between 2001 and 2003, 40 who were randomized to undergo either TURP or PKVP, and who had returned for the follow-up, were included in this study. All treated patients completed the 36-months of follow-up; 25 had had PKVP and 15 a standard TURP. After surgery the treatment outcome was evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Q(max)) and long-term complications of surgery.The two groups had similar baseline characteristics. The improvement in both groups was statistically significant for the IPSS and Q(max) at 24 and 36 months vs the baseline values (P0.05). The mean (sd) IPSS decreased from 21 (3.4) to 7.1 (1.5) and 7.6 (1.4) after PKVP and from 22 (3.8) to 5.2 (1.1) and 5.7 (1.2) after TURP, at 24 and 36 months, respectively. The mean Q(max) for the both groups increased significantly from baseline values at 2 and 3 years, respectively, at 20.8 (2.4) and 21.8 (3.1) mL/s after TURP, which was statistically significantly better than after PKVP, at 12.5 (2.1) and 14.4 (2.6) mL/s, respectively (P0.05). Although three patients (12%) in the PKVP group had TURP at 14, 20 and 36 months, respectively, for residual adenoma tissue, one patient had an additional operation after TURP. Bulbar urethral strictures occurred in one patient in each group, requiring internal optical urethrotomy. Erectile dysfunction was reported by three patients after PKVP (12%) and by two of 15 after TURP who were potent before surgery (P0.05). The retrograde ejaculation rates in patients with erectile function were similar in both groups (56% and nine of 15, respectively; P0.05). In the PKVP and TURP groups, 12 (48%) and nine of 15 patients were satisfied overall.Although early results showed that PKVP was a good alternative technique among the minimally invasive methods for surgically managing prostatic obstruction, the clinical outcome of PKVP in the long term was not comparable to the results after TURP.

Dokuz değişik merkezde son 6 yılda hipospadiyas nedeniyle ameliyat edilen hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Böylece ülkemizdeki güncel hipospadiyas profili çıkarılmaya çalışıldı. 2001-2006 yılları arasında dokuz farklı üroloji kliniğinde hipospadiyas cerrahisi uygulanan 1483 hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi. Başvuru sırasındaki yaş ortalaması 5.8 yıl (1 ay-41 yıl) olan hastalar, tanının kimin tarafından konulduğu, hipospadiyasın yerleşimi, eşlik eden doğumsal bozukluklar, uygulanan ameliyat tekniği, varsa kateterizasyon türü ve hastanede kalış süresi bakımından değerlendirildi. Hastaların ameliyat sırasındaki ortalama yaşı 5.9 yıl olarak bulundu. %57’sinin hipospadiyası bulunduğu annebaba tarafından fark edilmiş iken, %18’i herhangi bir sebeple başvurduğu doktor tarafından, %13’ü doğum sırasında doktor ya da ebe tarafından ve %10’u ise sünnetçi tarafından fark edilmişti. 165 hasta (%11) başvuru sırasında sünnetli idi ve 360 hastada (%24) eşlik eden kordi mevcuttu. Hipospadiyak meatus yerleşimi %38’inde glanülar/koronal, %50’sinde distal penil, %6’sında proksimal penil ve %6’sında penoskrotal idi. Toplam hastaların %9.7’sinde eşlik eden doğumsal eksternal genital organ bozukluğu vardı (62 olguda kriptorşidi, 39 inguinal herni ve/veya hidrosel, 17 penoskrotal transpozisyon, 6 megameatus, 20 olguda diğerleri). Hastaların %77’sine TIP üretroplasti (1141), %11’ine MAGPI (163), %5’ine Mathieu (74) ve 105 hastaya ise diğer cerrahi teknikler uygulanmıştı. Ameliyatta 1160 hasta (%78) üretral yoldan, 251 hasta (%17) suprapubik olarak kateterize edilirken, 72 hastada herhangi bir diversiyon yöntemi kullanılmamıştı. Olguların hastanede ortalama kalış süresi 3 gün (1-20 gün) olarak bulundu. Bu çok merkezli çalışmamız hipospadiyas olgularının yaklaşık yarısının anne-baba tarafından fark edildiğini ve %11’inin başvuru sırasında sünnetli olduğunu göstermiştir. Ek doğumsal bozukluk (kriptorşidi, inguinal herni) oranı yayın bilgilerine göre düşüktür. TIP üretroplasti, yayınlar ile uyumlu olarak günümüzde hipospadiyas cerrahisinde en sık kullanılan tekniktir. Hastanede kalış süresinin nispeten yüksek olması dikkat çekicidir., Introduction: Patients who underwent hypospadias repair in nine different centers were evaluated retrospectively. Materials and Methods: Between 2001 and 2006, 1483 patients with hypospadias, mean age of 5.8 years, who underwent hypospadias operation in nine different centers of Turkey, were enrolled to this epidemiological study. They were evaluated according to the localization of hypospadiac meatus, associated congenital anomalies, the type of operation technique, chordee status and hospitalization time. Results: It was realized that hypospadias was recognized by parents in 57%, by doctors in physical examination in 18%. 13% was noted during the birth, and 10% was recognized by an unlicensed traditional circumciser. 11% of patients had already been circumcised on admission and chordee was present in 24%. The location of hypospadiac meatus was glandular/coronal in 38%, distal penile in 50%, proximal penile in 6% and penoscrotal in 6%. There were associated congenital external genital anomalies in 9.7%. While 77% of the patients underwent TIP urethroplasty, MAGPI was performed in 11%, Mathieu was performed in 5% and 105 patients underwent other surgical techniques. Urethral route was used in 1160 (78%) patients, while suprapubic route was used in 251 patients (17%) for urinary diversion. In 72 patients, no diversion was performed. The mean hospitalization time of patients was 3 days (1-20 day). Conclusion: Half of the cases with hypospadias were recognized by parents and 11% were found to have been circumcised before admission. While the incidence of associated congenital external genital organ anomalies was found to be lower than that of the literature, TIP urethroplasty was the most common technique in hypospadias repair. The hospitalization time was found to be higher than expected.

We investigated sexual function in female patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 20 consecutive female patients (38.2+/-3.8 years) with CAD diagnosed by coronary angiography and 15 healthy subjects (37.9+/-5.4 years) were enrolled in this study. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to assess sexual function in all the participants. Women with psychiatric disorders, gynecologic and systemic diseases that may affect sexual function were excluded from the study. The other exclusion criteria were usage of antidepressants and drugs affecting sexual function. Patients with CAD and healthy women were comparable in age, body mass index and education level. Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) was diagnosed in 12 of 20 women with CAD (60%), whereas five of 15 healthy women (33.3%) were found to have FSD (P

The close relationship between the elasticity of the aorta and cardiovascular disease has aroused the interest of investigators in performing studies related to aortic stiffness parameters. We investigated the aortic stiffness parameters in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) without known cardiovascular disease and diabetes were investigated.The study included 40 men with ED (aged 56 +/- 8 years) according to the Doppler penile ultrasound findings and the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function score (group 1) and 25 healthy men (aged 53 +/- 5 years; group 2) underwent fasting serum glucose and lipid level determination. Echocardiography (using a 3.75-MHz transducer) and exercise treadmill test were performed. The diameter change, pulse pressure, aortic strain index, and distensibility index as aortic stiffness parameters were investigated in patients with ED and compared with those of healthy subjects.The average International Index of Erectile Function-5 score of those with ED (group 1) and the control groups (group 2) was 11.2 and 23.2, respectively. Body mass index, age, fasting serum glucose, and lipid profile were not significantly different between the two groups. All patients had negative results on the exercise stress test; and the echocardiography parameters were similar. The percentage of aortic strain (group 1, 4.64 +/- 2.43 versus group 2, 10.21 +/- 5.13, P = 0.021) and the value of the distensibility index (group 1, 0.21 +/- 0.15 versus group 2, 0.51 +/- 0.20 cm2/dyn/10(-3), P0.001 were significantly lower in the ED group than were those of the control group.The results of our study have shown that the aortic strain index and distensibility index are impaired in patients with ED. This suggests that ED is a generalized vessel disease rather than a disorder peculiar to the penile arteries.

Lung cancer is among the most common cancers which continue to be a major cause of death in the world and many present with distant metastasis in advanced stages precluding curative treatment. Herein, we report a 62-year-old male patient admitted to our hospital with complaint of a painful mass in his left inguinal region. Surprisingly, a chest radiograph revealed a mass in his left lung with ipsilateral pleural effusion. Thorough radiological and pathologic examinations he was confirmed to have a non-small cell lung cancer with only spermatic cord metastasis and unfortunately the patient died two weeks after admission.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on rat testicular tissue, and its reversibility and dose dependence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were assigned to groups (10 rats/group) receiving 10, 30 or 50 IU/kg hCG subcutaneously once daily for 15 days; 10 controls received subcutaneous isotonic saline. At 1 and 3 months later, five rats in each group were killed and their testes removed. The testes were examined histologically to measure seminiferous tubular diameter and germinal membrane thickness. RESULTS At 1 month after hCG administration, the mean germinal membrane thickness in the testicular tissues of the hCG-treated rats was significantly less than in control rats, and was also significantly different between all of the hCG-treated groups (P0.05). However, at 3 months after hCG administration, all histological variables were similar to those in control rats (P0.05), and the mean germinal membrane thickness at 3 months after hCG administration was larger than that at 1 month (P0.05). There were no significant differences in the mean seminiferous tubular diameter between hCG-treated rats and control rats. CONCLUSION hCG impairs seminiferous tubule histology in the 'normal' descended testes of rats. This effect was dose-dependent, and the changes were reversed at 3 months after treatment. Thus, although hCG therapy might affect the seminiferous tubules of contralateral descended testes in cryptorchid boys, these effects might be reversible.

Cystitis glandularis is a very rare proliferative disorder of the mucus-producing glands within the mucosa and submucosa of urinary bladder epithelium. We report such a case of glandular cystitis with intestinal metaplasia masquerading as a bladder tumor in a young male patient who presented with severe obstructive urinary symptoms. Cystoscopy revealed a tumor well circumscribed, measuring 5 x 4 cm on the trigone. Transurethral resection of the mass was carried out and the histopathology suggested cystitis glandularis. The literature regarding this entity has been reviewed and the differential diagnosis was discussed. Short-term follow-up of the patient with sonography and cystoscopy showed no recurrence.