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Glasses with the compositions of x BaO– x B 2 O 3 –(100-2 × )TeO 2 with x = 15–40 mol% were prepared by using a conventional melt quenching method, and their optical properties, electronic polarizability, and crystallization behavior were examined. The electronic polarizability and optical basicity of the glasses are relatively large (e.g., Λ( n o ) = 0.856–0.970), indicating that all glasses prepared are regarded as basic (high polarizable) glasses. In the crystallization of 40BaO–40B 2 O 3 –20TeO 2 glass, both TeO 2 and β-BaB 2 O 4 (β-BBO) crystals are formed almost simultaneously. The formation of β-BBO nanocrystals with a diameter of around 5 nm was confirmed from the transmission electron microscope observations, and a hetero-epitaxial crystal growth between TeO 2 and β-BBO crystals was suggested. The glass-ceramics with β-BBO crystals exhibited second harmonic generations, although they are not transparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compares volatile compounds in salt-fermented anchovy, big-eyed herring, hair tail viscera and shrimp pastes by simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Detection of 155 volatile compounds; Composition of compounds; Lipid-derived components as majority of volatile compounds.

Demonstrates the feasibility of converting commercial snow crab cooker effluent (SCCE) into a marketable flavor extract through identification and comparison of volatile flavor components in both SCCE and its respective concentrate. Simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction (SDE); Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

Abstract: We studied the flux pinning properties by grain boundaries in MgB2 films prepared by using a hybrid physical chemical vapor deposition method on the c-axis oriented sapphire substrates. All the films we report here had the columnar grains with the growth direction perpendicular to the substrates and the grain sizes in the range of a few hundred nanometers. At very low magnetic fields, no discernable grain-boundary (GB) pinning effect was observed in all measuring temperatures, but above those fields, the effect of GB flux pinning was observed as enhanced critical current densities (J cs) and reduced resistances when an external magnetic field (B) was aligned parallel to the c-axis. We interpret the B dependence of J c in the terms of flux line lattice shear inside the columnar grains activated by dislocations of Frank–Read source while the flux lines pinned by GB act as anchors for dislocations. Magnetic field dependence of flux pinning force density for B parallel to the c-axis was reasonably explained by the above model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This research proposes a new route decision-making strategy, a real-number grid method, that challenges the state-of-the-art method in route decision-making. The key features of the proposed method compared to the conventional route decision making method are implementing a real number grid in the grid generation procedure, global speed optimization in the speed optimization procedure, and a Monte Carlo evaluation in the cost evaluation procedure. The newly suggested method not only improves the optimization performance of the conventional method but also upgrades constraint satisfaction in route decision making. The performance index of route decision making using the proposed method shows a noticeable difference compared to three-dimensional dynamic programming that is the state of art. For performance validation, an intuitively designed cost function is analyzed. The efficacy of this proposed method is proven based on a simulation of the mathematical cost function and actual voyage cases. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated on a 173K LNG carrier in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This proposed method demonstrates notable performance improvement in the simulation and actual voyage cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]