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Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda is a generalist pest known to feed on more than 300 plant species, including major staple crops such as rice, maize and sorghum. Biological control of FAW using a combination of a major indigenous egg parasitoid Telenomus remus and entomopathogenic fungi was explored in this study. Metarhizium anisopliae strains (ICIPE 7, ICIPE 41, and ICIPE 78) and Beauveria bassiana ICIPE 621 which demonstrated effectiveness to combat the pest, were evaluated through direct and indirect fungal infection to assess their pathogenicity and virulence against T. remus adults, S. frugiperda eggs and their effects on T. remus parasitism rates. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 7 and ICIPE 78 exhibited the highest virulence against T. remus adults with LT50 values >2 days. ICIPE 7 induced the highest T. remus mortality rate (81.40 ± 4.17%) following direct infection with dry conidia. Direct fungal infection also had a significant impact on parasitoid emergence, with the highest emergence rate recorded in the M. anisopliae ICIPE 7 treatment (42.50 ± 5.55%), compared to the control ± (83.25 ± 5.94%). In the indirect infection, the highest concentration of 1 x 109 conidia ml-1 of ICIPE 78 induced the highest mortality (100 ± 0.00%) of T. remus adults, and the highest mortality (51.25%) of FAW eggs, whereas the least FAW egg mortality (15.25%) was recorded in the lowest concentration 1 x 105 conidia ml-1 of ICIPE 41. The number of parasitoids that emerged and their sex ratios were not affected by the different fungal strain concentrations except in ICIPE 7 at high dose. This study showed that potential combination of both M. anisopliae and B. bassiana with T. remus parasitoid can effectively suppress FAW populations.

Prawo do bycia zapomnianym oraz zatarcie skazania mają swoje źródło w prawie ochrony danych osobowych oraz w prawie karnym. Pomimo tego, że oba pojęcia dotyczą ochrony praw jednostek, są związane z różnymi kontekstami i mają odmienne implikacje. Zależności pomiędzy tymi dwiema instytucjami były przedmiotem rozważań między innymi na gruncie wyroku Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka z 22 czerwca 2021 r. (skarga nr 57292/16, sprawa Hurbain p. Belgii). Celem artykułu jest wskazanie, czy prawo do bycia zapomnianym wynikające z RODO może stanowić podstawę na przykład do usunięcia danych osobowych sprawcy z artykułu prasowego po upływie okresu zatarcia skazania. Podstawowy problem badawczy na gruncie opracowania stanowi to, jakie są wzajemne relacje pomiędzy prawem do bycia zapomnianym na gruncie RODO a zatarciem skazania uregulowanym w krajowym porządku prawnym. Hipoteza robocza na gruncie niniejszego artykułu została opracowana w ten sposób, że prawo do zapomnienia wynikające z przepisów dotyczących ochrony danych osobowych obejmuje swoim zakresem także prawo do zatarcia skazania i anonimizacji danych osobowych byłego sprawcy.

Abstract Background The Warburg effect, characterized by elevated lactate levels without tissue hypoxia or shock, has been described in patients with aggressive lymphoproliferative malignancies. However, the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes in this population remain poorly understood. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 135 patients with aggressive lymphoproliferative malignancies admitted to the ICU between January 2017 and December 2022. Patients were classified into three groups: Clinical Warburg Effect (CWE), No Warburg with High Lactate level (NW-HL), and No Warburg with Normal Lactate level (NW-NL). Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between the groups and factors associated with 1-year mortality and CWE were identified using multivariable analyses. Results Of the 135 patients, 46 (34%) had a CWE. This group had a higher proportion of Burkitt and T cell lymphomas, greater tumor burden, and more frequent bone and cerebral involvement than the other groups. At 1 year, 72 patients (53%) died, with significantly higher mortality in the CWE and NW-HL groups (70% each) than in the NW-NL group (38%). Factors independently associated with 1-year mortality were age [HR = 1.02 CI 95% (1.00–1.04)], total SOFA score at admission [HR = 1.19 CI 95% (1.12–1.25)], and CWE [HR = 3.87 CI 95% (2.13–7.02)]. The main factors associated with the CWE were tumor lysis syndrome [OR = 2.84 CI 95% (1.14–7.42)], bone involvement of the underlying malignancy [OR = 3.58 CI 95% (1.02–12.91)], the total SOFA score at admission [OR = 0.81 CI 95% (0.69–0.91)] and hypoglycemia at admission [OR = 14.90 CI 95% (5.42–47.18)]. Conclusion CWE is associated with a higher tumor burden and increased 1-year mortality compared to patients without this condition. Our findings underscore the importance of recognizing patients with CWE as a high-risk cohort, as their outcomes closely resemble those of individuals with lymphoma and shock, despite not requiring advanced organ support. Clinicians should recognize the urgency of managing these patients and consider early intervention to improve their prognosis.

Different physical properties of ternary intermetallic La-based superconducting materials LaM2Si2 (M = Co, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au) are examined through the self consistent ab-initio scheme depending on the DFT replication. The main purpose of this study is to comprehend several different crucial characteristics of these compounds, including their crystal phase, stability manner, bulk features, band configuration, dielectric, conductivity as well as thermal features. Good accordance in the structural analysis of superconducting materials LaM2Si2 (M = Co, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au) has been observed between the optimized and synthesized lattice parameters. The phonon dispersion curve indicates that the compounds LaCo2Si2, LaCu2Si2, LaRh2Si2, LaPd2Si2, and LaIr2Si2 are dynamically stable, but LaAg2Si2, LaPt2Si2, and LaAu2Si2 are dynamically unstable in nature. Mechanical crystal constancy of the selected materials is verified from the investigated elastic constants. Ductility behaviors of these compounds are ensured by the values of Pugh's and Poisson's ratios. High Young's modulus of LaIr2Si2 ensured its elevated hardness along with huge melting temperature compared than other phases. Anisotropic character of these materials can be ensured through the calculations of elastic anisotropy. The electrical properties of the superconducting LaM2Si2 (M = Co, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au) compounds were also studied in details. Metallic character of the selected solids is observed through the investigation of DOS and band structure calculations. The investigated dielectric function, conductivity, and absorption also reflect the conductive behavior of superconducting LaM2Si2 (M = Co, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au) materials. The optical phenomena ensured their huge absorption as well as optical conductive nature at the site of ultraviolet energy region. Moreover, high reflectivity in the UV region makes these superconductors good solar reflectors for this energy site. Very low minimum thermal conductivity of these compounds especially of LaPt2Si2 and LaAu2Si2 makes them useful and fascinating for thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials.

Accelerated tuberculosis drug discovery has increased the number of plausible multidrug regimens. Testing every drug combination in vivo is impractical, and varied experimental conditions make it challenging to compare results between experiments. Using published treatment efficacy data from a mouse tuberculosis model treated with candidate combination regimens, we trained and externally validated integrative mathematical models to predict relapse in mice and to rank both previously experimentally studied and unstudied regimens by their sterilization potential. We generated 18 datasets of 18 candidate regimens (comprising 11 drugs of six classes, including fluoroquinolone, nitroimidazole, diarylquinolines, and oxazolidinones), with 2965 relapse and 1544 colony-forming unit (CFU) observations for analysis. Statistical and machine learning techniques were applied to predict the probability of relapse in mice. The locked down mathematical model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.910 and showed that bacterial kill measured by longitudinal CFU cannot account for relapse alone and that sterilization is drug dependent. The diarylquinolines had the highest predicted sterilizing activity in the mouse model, and the addition of pyrazinamide to drug regimens provided the shortest estimated tuberculosis treatment duration to cure in mice. The mathematical model predicted the effect of treatment combinations, and these predictions were validated by conducting 11 experiments on previously unstudied regimens, achieving an AUROC of 0.829. We surmise that the next generation of tuberculosis drugs are highly effective at treatment shortening and suggest that there are several promising three- and four-drug regimens that should be advanced to clinical trials. Editor's summary: The increasing number of both approved and experimental treatments for tuberculosis precludes the preclinical testing of all possible combination regimens arising therefrom. Strydom et al. performed in silico modeling based on historical treatment efficacy data to rank order the candidate treatment combinations most likely to achieve relapse-free treatment in the shortest amount of time. The authors then validated specific two-, three-, and four-drug combinations identified by the model in a relapsing mouse model of tuberculosis infection and additionally used their model to predict the effect of treatment regimens that are now in clinical trials. —Catherine Charneski [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) aims to reduce ischemia–reperfusion injury in donor livers and its clinical manifestation, early allograft dysfunction (EAD) by maintaining perfusion and oxygenation. However, there is limited data on which NMP perfusate biomarkers might be associated with such EAD and the role of perfusate hemoglobin has not been assessed. Methods: We performed a pilot retrospective analysis of adult donor livers undergoing NMP between 2020 and 2022 at our center. NMP was commenced at the recipient hospital after initial static cold storage. All NMP circuits were primed in the same manner according to the manufacturer's instructions. Livers were stratified by initial perfusate hemoglobin below (≤5.2 mmol/L) or above (>5.2 mmol/L) the median. The association between hemoglobin levels and EAD or recipient peak transaminase levels was assessed. Results: Among 23 livers, eight were considered unsuitable for transplantation, leaving 15 livers for assessment. Higher initial hemoglobin was associated with a lower risk of EAD (0% vs. 55.6%, p = 0.04). Perfusate hemoglobin decreased after NMP initiation (p = 0.003) and negatively correlated with recipient peak transaminase levels (ALT: ρ = −0.72, p = 0.002; AST: ρ = −0.79, p < 0.001). Consistently, higher hemoglobin livers also demonstrated lower perfusate liver enzymes. Conclusions: Perfusate hemoglobin levels decreased during NMP, and lower perfusate hemoglobin levels were associated with a higher incidence of EAD and higher levels of liver injury markers. Maintaining higher hemoglobin levels during NMP may help reduce ischemia–reperfusion injury and prevent or attenuate EAD. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate the findings of this pilot study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]