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Photovoltaic installations on residential properties gained high momentums during the past decade. Building integrated photovoltaic materials are well developed and has the potential to advance the photovoltaic systems installations on residential and commercial buildings. One of the main limitations on residential system is the utility allowable AC power generation. The installation of BIPV on houses offer numerous orientation and tilts of the PV system which ensure sun energy is harvested for wider timeframe. The different orientations and tilts reflect changes in the generate output power. The available residential inverters have one of two MPPTs which limit the orientation and tilts of the system to a maximum of two options per inverter. Adding more inverters will add cost burden on the system, exceed the utility maximum allowable AC power generation, and additional inverters will not work at rated power throughout the day. The works in this paper include the detail design of a maximum power point box (MPPB) that harvest the sun energy for different orientations and tilts, manage and regulate the DC Bus Bar voltage level as well as generated DC power prior the inverter input terminal. The process is governed by an input from the inverter using an industrial communication protocol such as MODBUS. The aim of the box is to reduce the number of inverters required for maximum power generation while maintaining the maximum AC limits set the by utilities. The paper includes the details design with the proposed circuit along its optimum logics. Case study is also included Photovoltaic installations on residential properties gained high momentums during the past decade. Building integrated photovoltaic materials are well developed and has the potential to advance the photovoltaic systems installations on residential and commercial buildings. One of the main limitations on residential system is the utility allowable AC power generation. The installation of BIPV on houses offer numerous orientation and tilts of the PV system which ensure sun energy is harvested for wider timeframe. The different orientations and tilts reflect changes in the generate output power. The available residential inverters have one of two MPPTs which limit the orientation and tilts of the system to a maximum of two options per inverter. Adding more inverters will add cost burden on the system, exceed the utility maximum allowable AC power generation, and additional inverters will not work at rated power throughout the day. The works in this paper include the detail design of a maximum power point box (MPPB) that harvest the sun energy for different orientations and tilts, manage and regulate the DC Bus Bar voltage level as well as generated DC power prior the inverter input terminal. The process is governed by an input from the inverter using an industrial communication protocol such as MODBUS. The aim of the box is to reduce the number of inverters required for maximum power generation while maintaining the maximum AC limits set the by utilities. The paper includes the details design with the proposed circuit along its optimum logics. Case study is also included

Solar photovoltaic system is playing an important role to mitigate greenhouse impact on the planet. Also solar energy has the potential to support electrical loads and ensure higher network stabilities. In many countries, due to electrical generation limitation, regular outages are planned on a daily rotational sequence. The house owners rely on fossil fuel generator to support the electrical load during the planned outages. The work presented in this paper highlights the potential that PV system can play to support the load and eliminate the need for fossil fuel generator. Also the paper includes valuable information regarding the orientation and tilt for PV system to yield adequate output Lebanon. The case study which is based on real project installed in Tripoli Lebanon is also included.

The increasing demand for green sustainable energy source led to a worldwide increase in the installation of large scale photovoltaic (PV) farms. To ensure the PV farms compliance with safety and operational guidelines, earthing systems are essential component of the design. An adequate earthing system for low, medium, and high voltage areas of the PV farm ensures energy under fault condition and system malfunction are absorbed without exceeding the desirable limits. The work in this paper captures the soil resistivity and the earthing system requirements for each voltage level. The paper highlights the boundaries for combined or separate earthing system between low, medium and high voltage. Furthermore, the works focus on the system cost and maintenance without jeopardizing system integrities and safety compliance. Case study is also included.

This paper presents a simulator model of a marine diesel engine based on physical, semi-physical, mathematical and thermodynamic equations, which allows fast predictive simulations. The whole engine system is divided into several functional blocks: cooling, lubrication, air, injection, combustion and emissions. The sub-models and dynamic characteristics of individual blocks are established according to engine working principles equations and experimental data collected from a marine diesel engine test bench for SIMB Company under the reference 6M26SRP1. The overall engine system dynamics is expressed as a set of simultaneous algebraic and differential equations using sub-blocks and S-Functions of Matlab/Simulink. The simulation of this model, implemented on Matlab/Simulink has been validated and can be used to obtain engine performance, pressure, temperature, efficiency, heat release, crank angle, fuel rate, emissions at different sub-blocks. The simulator will be used, in future work, to study the engine performance in faulty conditions, and can be used to assist marine engineers in fault diagnosis and estimation (FDI) as well as designers to predict the behavior of the cooling system, lubrication system, injection system, combustion, emissions, in order to optimize the dimensions of different components. This program is a platform for fault simulator, to investigate the impact on sub-blocks engine’s output of changing values for faults parameters such as: faulty fuel injector, leaky cylinder, worn fuel pump, broken piston rings, a dirty turbocharger, dirty air filter, dirty air cooler, air leakage, water leakage, oil leakage and contamination, fouling of heat exchanger, pumps wear, failure of injectors (and many others).