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The epidemiological outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), alias COVID-19, began in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in late December and eventually turned into a pandemic that has led to over 3.71 million deaths and over 173 million infected cases worldwide. In addition to respiratory manifestations, COVID-19 patients with neurological and myocardial dysfunctions exhibit a higher risk of in-hospital mortality. The immune function tends to be affected by cardiovascular risk factors and is thus indirectly related to the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Many neurological symptoms and manifestations have been reported in COVID-19 patients; however, detailed descriptions on the prevalence and characteristic features of these symptoms are restricted due to insufficient data. It is thus advisable for clinicians to be vigilant for both cardiovascular and neurological manifestations to detect them at an early stage to avoid inappropriate management of COVID-19 and to address the manifestations adequately. Patients with severe COVID-19 are notably more susceptible to developing cardiovascular and neurological complications than non-severe COVID-19 patients. This review focuses on the consequential outcomes of COVID-19 on cardiovascular and neuronal functions, including other influencing factors. Key words: SARS-CoV-2, consequential outcomes, cardiovascular manifestations, neuronal complications, COVID-19 variants, treatment overview. La flambee a caractere epidemiologique du virus SARS-CoV-2 (pour <>), alias COVID-19, a commence a Wuhan, Hubei, en Chine, a la fin du mois de decembre, et s'est par la suite transformee en une pandemie qui a entraine la mort de plus de 3,71 millions de personnes avec plus de 173 millions de cas d'infection a l'echelle mondiale. En plus des manifestations respiratoires, les patients atteints de la COVID-19 presentant des dysfonctionnements neurologiques et myocardiques affichent un risque accru de mortalite intrahospitaliere. La fonction immunitaire tend a etre affectee par des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires et est donc indirectement liee au pronostic des patients atteints de la COVID-19. On a rapporte de nombreux symptomes et manifestations neurologiques chez les patients atteints de la COVID-19. Cependant, la description detaillee de la prevalence et des elements caracteristiques de ces symptomes est restreinte en raison de donnees insuffisantes. Il est donc de mise que les cliniciens soient vigilants quant aux manifestations cardiovasculaires et neurologiques afin de les deceler a un stade precoce en vue d'eviter une prise en charge inappropriee de la COVID-19 et d'aborder les manifestations adequatement. Les patients atteints de la forme grave de la COVID-19 sont notamment plus susceptibles de subir des complications cardiovasculaires et neurologiques que les autres patients atteints de la forme moins grave de la maladie. Cet article de synthese est centre sur les resultats consecutifs a la COVID-19 quant aux fonctions cardiovasculaires et neurologiques, y compris d'autres facteurs influents. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : SARS-CoV-2, resultats consecutifs, manifestations cardiovasculaires, complications neurologiques, variants de la COVID-19, aperqu des traitements., Introduction Background The outbreak of the novel coronavirus, categorized as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (Chan et al. 2020), was [...]

Introduction: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic genetic disorder caused by the increased number of CTG repeats in 3' UTR of Dystrophia Myotonia Protein Kinase (DMPK) gene. DM1 patients experience conduction abnormalities as well as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias with increased susceptibility to sudden cardiac death. The ionic basis of these electrical abnormalities is poorly understood. Methods: We evaluated the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and key ion currents underlying the action potential (AP) in a mouse model of DM1, DMSXL, which express over 1000 CTG repeats. Sodium current (INa), L-type calcium current (ICaL), transient outward potassium current (Ito), and APs were recorded using the patchclamp technique. Results: Arrhythmic events on the ECG including sinus bradycardia, conduction defects, and premature ventricular and atrial arrhythmias were observed in DMSXL homozygous mice but not in WT mice. PR interval shortening was observed in homozygous mice while ECG parameters such as QRS duration, and QTc did not change. Further, flecainide prolonged PR, QRS, and QTc visually in DMSXL homozygous mice. At the single ventricular myocyte level, we observed a reduced current density for Ito and ICaL with a positive shift in steady state activation of L-type calcium channels carrying ICaL in DMSXL homozygous mice compared with WT mice. INa densities and action potential duration did not change between DMSXL and WT mice. Conclusion: The reduced current densities of Ito, and ICaL and alterations in gating properties in L-type calcium channels may contribute to the ECG abnormalities in the DMSXL mouse model of DM1. These findings open new avenues for novel targeted therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic diseases are the primary cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 67% of deaths. One of the major challenges in developing new treatments is the lack of understanding of the exact underlying biological and molecular mechanisms. Chronic cardiovascular diseases are the single most common cause of death worldwide, and sudden deaths due to cardiac arrhythmias account for approximately 50% of all such cases. Traditional genetic screening for genes involved in cardiac disorders is labourious and frequently fails to detect the mutation that explains or causes the disorder. However, when mutations are identified, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from affected patients make it possible to address fundamental research questions directly relevant to human health. As such, hiPSC technology has recently been used to model human diseases and patient-specific hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC- CMs) thus offer a unique opportunity to investigate potential disease-causing genetic variants in their natural environment. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding hiPSC-CMs, including their potential, limitations, and challenges and to discuss future prospects. Key words: hIPSCs, cardiac tissue, electrophysiology, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiomyocytes, sodium channels, [Na.sub.V]. Les maladies chroniques constituent la principale cause de mortalite a l'echelle mondiale: elles sont responsables de 67 % des deces. L'un des principaux enjeux du developpement de nouveaux traitements correspond au manque de connaissances precises quant aux mecanismes biologiques et moleculaires sous-jacents. Les maladies cardiovasculaires chroniques constituent a elles seules la cause la plus frequente de deces a l'echelle mondiale, et les morts subites causees par les arythmies cardiaques sont responsables d'environ 50 % de l'ensemble de ces cas. Le depistage genetique conventionnel de genes jouant un role dans les maladies cardiaques est laborieux et echoue frequemment dans la detection des mutations qui peuvent expliquer ou causer la maladie. Cependant, quand les mutations sont etablies, les cellules souches pluripotentes induites chez l'humain (hiPSC pour <>) qui sont issues de patients atteints permettent de s'attaquer aux questions a l'origine de la recherche fondamentale en lien direct avec la sante humaine. En tant que telle, la technologie des hiPSC a recemment ete utilisee comme modele de maladies humaines, et les cardiomyocytes derives des hiPSC chez des patients specifiques offrent donc une occasion unique d'etudier des variants genetiques pouvant causer des maladies dans leur environnement naturel. Cette synthese a pour but de presenter l'etat actuel des connaissances quant aux cardiomyocytes derives des hiPSC, y compris leur potentiel, leurs limites et les difficultes afferentes ainsi que de discuter des espoirs qu'ils suscitent. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: hIPSCs, tissu cardiaque, electrophysiologie, arythmies cardiaques, cardiomyocytes, canaux sodiques, [Na.sub.V]., Introduction Industrialized societies are increasingly confronted with major challenges posed by chronic health-care problems such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic, pain, and developmental disorders. Accounting for 50% [...]