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Yixin Chen,1,* Zhuo Yang,2,* Bin Nian,3 Chenglin Yu,4 Dilimulat Maimaiti,5 Min Chai,1 Xinran Yang,1 Xiuxian Zang,1 Dahai Xu1 1Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ultrasonography, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Emergency Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, 133000, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Emergency Medicine, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dahai Xu; Xiuxian Zang, Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8615043032548 ; +8613596097922, Email xudahai0319@jlu.edu.cn; zangxx@jlu.edu.cnAbstract: Organophosphates (OPs) refers to a diverse group of phosphorus-containing organic compounds; they are widely used all over the world and have had an important beneficial impact on industrial and agricultural production and control of vector transmission. Exposure to OPs of different toxicities (high, moderate, slight, and low toxicity) can all have negative consequences on the nervous system, such as nausea, vomiting, muscle tremors, and convulsions. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure or even death. Notably, OPs induce neuropathy in the nervous system through specific interactions with nicotinic or muscarinic receptors, phosphorylating acetylcholinesterase, or neuropathic target esterases. This review summarizes the possible toxicological mechanisms and their interplay underlying OP pesticide poisoning, including cholinesterase inhibition and non-cholinesterase mechanisms. It outlines the possible links between OP pesticide poisoning and neurological disorders, such as dementia, neurodevelopmental diseases, and Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, it explores OP interactions’ potential therapeutic implications that may help mitigate the deleterious impact of OPs on the nervous system.Keywords: organophosphate pesticides, neurotoxicity, acetylcholinesterase, neurodegenerative diseases

Min Chai,1,* Patajiang Yusufu,2,* Yixin Chen,1 Jiannan Chai,3 Xinran Yang,1 Yuqi Xiao,1 Hongwei Long,4 Dilimulat Maimaiti,2 Dahai Xu1 1Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Emergency Medicine, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Neurosurgery, Meihekou Central Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dahai Xu, Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8615043032548, Email xudahai0319@jlu.edu.cn Dilimulat Maimaiti, Department of Emergency Medicine, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 1986, Qidaowan Road, Shuimogou District, Urumqi City, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8617704972862, Email 3090760383@qq.comAbstract: Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus that can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals. P. asaccharolyticus causing empyema has not been reported earlier. Here, we present a novel case of empyema caused by P. asaccharolyticus. A 72-year-old male had a constant fever with difficulty breathing. A chest computed tomography scan revealed infiltration in the right lower lobe and pleural effusion. Following hospital admission, pleural fluid drainage was conducted, and the culture isolated P. asaccharolyticus. Initially treated with piperacillin/tazobactam, the patient experienced excessive thick sputum production, prompting a tracheostomy. Subsequent sputum cultures identified Acinetobacter baumannii. After transitioning to cefoperazone/sulbactam for antibiotic treatment and continued pleural effusion drainage, recovery was achieved. Empyema can be caused by P. asaccharolyticus and further complicated by a secondary infection with A. baumannii. Management should include appropriate antibiotic therapy, pleural drainage, vigilant monitoring, and supportive care. We aim to raise clinicians’ awareness of the potential for P. asaccharolyticus to cause empyema in immunocompromised patients and to provide early treatments, thereby improving morbidity and mortality.Keywords: Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus, empyema, Acinetobacter baumannii, case report

Xinran Yang,1,* Chenglin Yu,2,* Yixin Chen,1 Bin Nian,3 Min Chai,1 Dilimulat Maimaiti,4 Dahai Xu,1 Xiuxian Zang1 1Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Emergency Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, 133000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ultrasonography, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, 133000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Emergency Medicine, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dahai Xu; Xiuxian Zang, Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15043032548 ; +86-13596097922, Email xudahai0319@jlu.edu.cn; zangxx@jlu.edu.cnAbstract: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a naturally occurring epidemic disease, is primarily caused by hantaviruses. It frequently involves the lungs and is characterized by symptoms such as fever, hemorrhage, and renal failure. However, the occurrence of acute pancreatitis (AP) in HFRS patients can be neglected, and high intraocular pressure (IOP) is exceedingly uncommon. In this report, we discuss the case of a 30-year-old male who presented with fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed extremity petechiae rashes and elevated IOP. Laboratory tests indicated coagulopathy and renal failure. A computed tomography scan confirmed AP. Further testing revealed a positive anti-hantavirus IgM antibody. The patient received supportive care, fluid hydration, hemofiltration, mannitol, brinzolamide, and brimonidine to reduce IOP. Three days post-admission, the patient developed shortness of breath and chest pain. Subsequent chest computed tomography revealed pulmonary edema and bilateral pleural effusion. Treatment included oxygen supply, respiratory support, and thoracentesis, with continued hemofiltration. The patient recovered, regaining normal pulmonary and renal functions and normalized IOP. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive evaluations and vigilant monitoring in HFRS patients, particularly measuring IOP in those with visual complaints, to save lives and reduce morbidity.Keywords: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, acute pancreatitis, high intraocular pressure, pulmonary edema

Emotion has a substantial influence on the cognitive processes in humans, including perception, attention, learning, memory, reasoning, and problem solving. Emotion has a particularly strong influence on attention, especially modulating the selectivity of attention as well as motivating action and behavior. This attentional and executive control is intimately linked to learning processes, as intrinsically limited attentional capacities are better focused on relevant information. Emotion also facilitates encoding and helps retrieval of information efficiently. However, the effects of emotion on learning and memory are not always univalent, as studies have reported that emotion either enhances or impairs learning and long-term memory (LTM) retention, depending on a range of factors. Recent neuroimaging findings have indicated that the amygdala and prefrontal cortex cooperate with the medial temporal lobe in an integrated manner that affords (i) the amygdala modulating memory consolidation; (ii) the prefrontal cortex mediating memory encoding and formation; and (iii) the hippocampus for successful learning and LTM retention. We also review the nested hierarchies of circular emotional control and cognitive regulation (bottom-up and top-down influences) within the brain to achieve optimal integration of emotional and cognitive processing. This review highlights a basic evolutionary approach to emotion to understand the effects of emotion on learning and memory and the functional roles played by various brain regions and their mutual interactions in relation to emotional processing. We also summarize the current state of knowledge on the impact of emotion on memory and map implications for educational settings. In addition to elucidating the memory-enhancing effects of emotion, neuroimaging findings extend our understanding of emotional influences on learning and memory processes; this knowledge may be useful for the design of effective educational curricula to provide a conducive learning environment for both traditional “live” learning in classrooms and “virtual” learning through online-based educational technologies.

The strawberry mottle virus (SMoV) is a huge threat to the strawberry production, which seriously reduces the productivity of strawberries. The systematic study on the distribution, structural variation and genetic diversity of SMoV is useful for the prevention and control of SMoV. In this study, 159 strawberry leaves were randomly collected from 7 major strawberry growing areas in Shanxi Province for RT-PCR detection. The cp genes of positive samples were sequenced and analyzed through MEGA5, SDTv 1.2, DnaSP v5.10 and RDP v.4.31. RT-PCR detection showed that 65 samples of the 159 strawberry leaves were positive with a detection rate of 38.46%. The 65 positive samples were isolated, sequenced, and cloned to obtain three SMoV isolates. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed the 25 SMoV isolates were divided into three groups with group 1 containing 14 isolates from China, group 2 containing 10 isolates from Canada, Japan, and the United States, and group 3 containing 1 isolate from Japan. The results of selective pressure analysis and neutrality test in group 1 and group 2 showed that there were significant genetic differences between group 1 and group 2. The negative selection pressure maybe the reason for the genetic diversity of SMoV. Sequence similarity analysis displayed that the nucleotide identity range and the consistency range of amino acids was ranged from 94.68% to 99.53%, while from 98.12% to 99.84% for amino acids. This study demonstrated that SMoV was of high genetic variation, and the negative selection pressure may be the cause of SMoV genetic diversity, which provides theoretical guidance for SMoV in Shanxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 Spring wheat and alfalfa and two crops widely grown by farmers in Northwestern China. A knowledge of their planting areas is important for agricultural management but challenging at regional scale. This paper investigates the feasibility of using air-born technologies to identify their areas at different growing stages. 【Method】 The studies were based on Sentinel-2 imagery acquired from the Qingtongxia Irrigation District, with which we developed a decision tree classification algorithm to identify spring wheat and alfalfa. Accuracy of the method was tested against ground-truth data. 【Result】 The accuracy of the model for identifying spring wheat and alfalfa in early April was 69% and 75%, respectively, due to the similarities of the canopies of the two plants. With the growth of the plants and increase in available data, the accuracy of the model improved gradually, with its accuracy for identifying the spring wheat and alfalfa exceeding 90% on 14th May. Using all five satellite imageries available by 13th May, the accuracy of the model for identifying spring wheat and alfalfa reached 94% and 97%, with their associated Kappa coefficient being 0.75 and 0.86, respectively. The estimated planting areas of the spring wheat and alfalfa in Qingtongxia Irrigation District was 24,000 hm2 and 2,000 hm2, respectively. The spatial distribution of spring wheat was complex, characterized by a large number of fragmented planting zones. 【Conclusion】 The decision tree classification method combined with the Sentinel-2 images can preliminarily identify spring wheat and alfalfa in early April. Its accuracy improves steadily as more data become available, with the accuracy exceeding 90% after the middle of May.

The crab shell biochar（BC） was prepared from waste crab shells，and the composite gel ball was prepared by sodium alginate fixation. Combined with the shape of the ball and the removal rate of Pb2+，it was found that the performance of the crab shell biochar sodium alginate gel ball（BC-SA） was the best when the mass ratio of crab shell biochar to sodium alginate was 1∶2. The factors affecting the adsorption of Pb2+ by BC-SA and its regeneration ability were investigated. The blank rubber ball and BC-SA before and after adsorption of Pb2+ was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the initial pH of the Pb2+ solution，the amount of BC-SA dosage，the initial concentration of Pb2+，and the reaction time had significant effects on the adsorption of Pb2+ by BC-SA. The adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model，indicating that the adsorption was mainly chemical adsorption. Langmuir isotherm could better fit the experimental data，and the maximum removal rate was 91.06%. The regeneration results showed that after five desorption adsorption cycles，the removal rate of Pb2+ by BC-SA was 82%，showing good reusability. BC was successfully immobilized and the carboxyl group of hydroxyl group on the surface of BC-SA complexed with Pb2+.

The images captured by a plane-array type infrared detector, formed by integrating a large-scale probe array and readout circuits via interconnection, is distorted by two types of superimposed nonuniform noises caused by the probe and readout circuitry. These nonuniform noises arise from the detector's constituent materials, fabrication processes, and other defects. In addition, the output response of an infrared detector is limited by the dynamic range of the circuit, the low and high ends of the output signal exhibit strong nonlinearities. To overcome the impact of detector response nonlinearity and achieve simultaneous correction for two different types of nonuniformities in infrared images, in this study, we proposed a novel correction method. First, the pixel points of all images are reordered according to their pixel values to provide a uniform reorganisation data. Then, the linear correlated region based on the recombined data is extracted using a judgment algorithm that processes the linear correlations of multiple regions to simulate the detector's response curve and find the nonuniformity correction coefficient of each pixel. Experiments on simulated noisy and real images show that our method accurately eliminates nonuniform IR noise without causing blurring and provides optimal peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity.

In the absence of calcium, troponin I inhibits ATPase by shifting myosin subfragment 1 from the open state to the closed and blocked states. Calcium binding to troponin C reverses the inhibition.