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Chemodiversity, the diversity of specialised (secondary) metabolites, plays a crucial role in mediating interactions between plants and animals, including insect herbivores and mutualists. Chemodiversity can be observed at both the individual and the population level. However, the impacts of chemodiversity at these two levels on interactions between plants and floral visitors, mainly pollinators and floral herbivores (florivores), are only poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the effects of chemodiversity at both individual (chemotype) and plot level on pollinators and florivores, examining their mutual interactions. To investigate these questions, we used individuals of the perennial Tanacetum vulgare differing in their terpenoid composition, representing different chemotypes. We planted individuals of five distinct chemotypes in a common garden design with homogeneous (five plants of the same chemotype) and heterogeneous (five different chemotypes) plots and observed flower visits in dependence of individual chemotype and plot type. Seeds were collected from a subset of plants and germination rates determined.Our findings revealed that chemodiversity at the plot level significantly influenced pollinator visitation, with more visits on plants of heterogeneous plots. We also observed marginally more pollinators on one of the chemotypes grown in homogeneous plots. In contrast, chemotype but not plot type had a significant effect on florivore visits. Pollinator and florivore species richness did not vary with plot type. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between pollinator and florivore visits in 1 year. Germination rates were positively correlated with pollinator visits and affected by chemotype but not by florivore visits or plot type.Synthesis. Our study emphasises the significance of the spatial level at which plant chemistry is perceived by flower visitors, potentially influencing the germination success of plants. Exploring the ecology of these visitors and the varying selection pressures they exert on floral chemistry can help to elucidate the evolutionary processes that maintain chemodiversity in natural environments. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore clinical facilitators' understanding, experiences and perceptions of their role in supporting registered nurse students (RNS) who experience workplace violence (WPV) during clinical placement. Design: An exploratory, qualitative design. Methods and Data Source: Data were collected between September and November 2022 using semi‐structured interviews of 1‐h duration with 11 clinical facilitators working in South Australia. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Participants reported that WPV is experienced in many forms, including verbal and physical violence towards RNS during clinical placements. Clinical facilitators are not always aware of this experience and have mixed abilities to resolve the damage. Most importantly, clinical facilitators saw themselves as disempowered to provide the support required by RNS after WPV incidents as they perceived themselves as visitors to the facilities. Conclusion: Findings indicate that a clinical facilitator's scope and ability to support a RNS is often not at a level where real impact and safety can occur. Varying perceptions of what WPV is, what is acceptable, and the authority or influence of a clinical facilitator have all informed this issue and need to be considered in developing strategies to address WPV towards RNS. Implications for the Nursing Profession: This study highlights that by understanding the causation of WPV and recognising the lack of influence and scope of clinical facilitators to act to support RNS during WPV events, positive industry changes can be instigated to promote student placement experiences and healthcare provision. Impact: Clinical facilitators felt limited in their role to support RNS experiencing WPV. This research impacts future nursing students, education providers, clinical facilitators and clinical placement providers. Reporting Method: COREQ guidelines were utilised to report qualitative research. No Patient or Public Contribution: This paper explores specifically the clinical facilitators' perceptions of WPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Involvement in cardiac rehabilitation programmes reduces death and reoccurring cardiac events, but cardiac rehabilitation attendance is suboptimal globally. The aim of the present project was to evaluate the effectiveness of a co-designed, interactive, web-based cardiac rehabilitation programme as an alternative mode of delivery, as a means of improving access and attendance. Methods: This study reports on the outcomes from the implementation process evaluation using a descriptive observational prospective study design, guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Results: A total of 828 rural patients were enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation, with 50 choosing the web-based cardiac rehabilitation programme. The web-based cohort's mean age was 60 years (SD ± 11.9) and included 17 (34%) men and 33 (66%) women. The rate of programme completion was higher for usual care than for the web-based cohort (17, 34% vs 553, 71.4%, p=<0.001). The web-based cohort reported a positive overall experience (77.8%). Clinicians reported the web-based programme to be high-quality (71.4%). The fidelity of entry of self-reported data for the web-based cohort was high, with all patients completing a pre-assessment. Web-based programme enrolment was associated with a lower chance of cardiac rehabilitation completion (odds ratio 0.19; 95% confidence interval: 0.10, 0.37; P<0.001) after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusions: The web-based programme provides an alternative and more flexible mode of cardiac rehabilitation. It has been integrated and successfully used by patients and clinicians, capturing a cohort that may be unable to attend an in-person cardiac rehabilitation programme. Strategies for improving the rate of completion of web-based programmes need further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is experienced by Bachelor of Nursing (BN) students during clinical placements. Students in this vulnerable group are supervised in the practice environment by clinical facilitators. This study examined clinical facilitators' views on WPV. Method: Eleven clinical facilitators were recruited for this study and participated in interviews. Transcribed data were probed, and thematic analysis was conducted. Results: Six major themes emerged that identified factors contributing to BN students' experience of WPV during clinical placements: (1) setting; (2) university; (3) nursing students; (4) site staff; (5) patients; and (6) other factors. Clinical facilitators perceived WPV toward students as being a common yet complex issue due to multiple contributing factors. Conclusion: This study adds detailed knowledge regarding the factors that influence WPV directed toward BN students to inform the development of policies and procedures for reducing the incidence of WPV in the clinical setting. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(10):671–678.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study is to report on the development and evaluation of the co-designed website for delivering interactive self-directed cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods and results: Multi-method user experience design framework was used to co-design the web application and complete usability testing. Participants were recruited based on their eligibility for CR. Thematic analysis collected the participants' design specifications and lived experiences. The System Usability Scale (SUS) was administered at the completion of the website development and the usability testing workshops. This collected the participants' perceptions of the website's effectiveness, efficiency, and their satisfaction. Website development and usability testing workshops included 39 and 35 participants with a mean age of 66.5 (SD 11.7) and 68.6 (SD 11.2), respectively. Both genders were equally represented across both workshops with 19 (48.7%) and 16 (45.7%) women. Workshop themes guided the design process. The mean SUS scores increased from 66.7 (SD 16.8) to 73.6 (21), P = 0.26. Easiness of use (P = 0.03), integration of the website functions (P ≤ 0.001), and consistency (P = 0.038) significantly improved from website development to usability testing. The proportion of participants rating it as excellent increased from 20.5% to 42.9%, P = 0.11. Conclusion: The evolution of our CR website development was completed with an improvement in usability. Upcoming evaluation of this intervention will report on its effectiveness. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions vs. usual care on hypertension management, lifestyle behaviour, and patients' knowledge of hypertension and associated risk factors. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. MEDLINE (Ovid), EmCare (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane library, and ProQuest (Ovid) were searched from inception to 15 February 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of nurse-led interventions on hypertension management were identified. Title and abstract, full text screening, assessment of methodological quality, and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers using JBI tools. A statistical meta-analysis was conducted using STATA version 17.0. Results: A total of 37 RCTs and 9731 participants were included. The overall pooled data demonstrated that nurse-led interventions may reduce systolic blood pressure (mean difference −4.66; 95% CI −6.69, −2.64; I2 = 83.32; 31 RCTs; low certainty evidence) and diastolic blood pressure (mean difference −1.91; 95% CI −3.06, −0.76; I2 = 79.35; 29 RCTs; low certainty evidence) compared with usual care. The duration of interventions contributed to the magnitude of blood pressure reduction. Nurse-led interventions had a positive impact on lifestyle behaviour and effectively modified diet and physical activity, but the effect on smoking and alcohol consumption was inconsistent. Conclusion: This review revealed the beneficial effects of nurse-led interventions in hypertension management compared with usual care. Integration of nurse-led interventions in routine hypertension treatment and prevention services could play an important role in alleviating the rising global burden of hypertension. Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42021274900 Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To systematically identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative studies investigating Registered Nurse students' (RNS) experiences of workplace violence (WPV) while on clinical placement. It is expected that the literature review findings will guide the development of targeted programs and policies to address WPV against RNS. Background: WPV affects RNS during clinical placements as they are vulnerable to violence due to their limited experience and skills to challenge abusive behaviour. In this review, RNS are students enrolled in a Bachelor of Nursing program to become registered nurses and exclude students who are enrolled in nursing program that does not lead to registration as a registered nurse. For example, enrolled in nursing programs and postgraduate nursing programs. RNS are chosen for their scope of practice and the training requirements. RNS reported experiencing WPV mainly from colleagues, staff, teachers, doctors and supervisors, which resulted in leaving nursing practice, impacting students' progression and healthcare systems. This review examines all types of violence RNS face irrespective of the abuser. Methods: A qualitative systematic review of existing literature was conducted through a comprehensive database search of eight databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central and ProQuest. Furthermore, reference lists of included studies were searched to identify further research. English language qualitative primary studies of any study design were searched from inception to 6th June 2022 and included if they met the inclusion criteria. Double review process utilised from screening until data synthesis reported according to PRISMA. JBI critical appraisal tools were used to assess the studies, and data extraction utilised JBI QARI tool and screened for credibility and confidence in findings. Results: A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the studies were conducted in nine countries. Five main themes relating to RNS experiences of WPV while on clinical placement were identified, including: 'Types of workplace violence', 'Perpetrators', 'Causes', 'Consequences' and 'Management of workplace violence'. Conclusions: This qualitative systematic review provides new and significant knowledge in understanding the phenomenon of WPV experienced by RNS while on clinical placement. Relative to clinical practice: This review highlights the unwillingness of RNS to reach out to instructors or clinical placement leaders in many situations and identifies avenues of support and awareness that are crucial to empower and enabling students to seek support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: With a growing emphasis on personalised care, there is a need for effective workforce training to enable person‐centred care (PCC) in aged care practice. The Australian aged care workforce is very diverse; thus, tools to evaluate compassion and PCC training need to reflect an understanding of these concepts relevant to the Australian context. There are currently no tools validated for use in aged care settings in Australia. Methods: Two existing compassion and PCC questionnaires were modified for an Australian audience using cognitive interviews with aged care workers. The reliability of the modified questionnaires was assessed. Results: The modified questionnaires were found to have acceptable inter‐reliability and test‐retest intra‐class correlation for the subscales and overall. However, the investigation also found low Cohen's kappa values between the test and retest responses for the individual items, subscales and overall, and had low inter‐class correlation for individual items, indicating poor inter‐rater agreement. High inter‐item correlation scores also suggest the questions encapsulate overly similar constructs. Conclusions: While further investigation of the psychometric properties of the new items is needed, these modified questionnaires may offer a method of assessing and re‐assessing compassion and PCC using language that is understandable to the Australian aged care workforce. Tools to accurately measure Australian aged care staff perceptions of compassion and their ability to deliver PCC are important to improve the quality of care provided in aged care and facilitate the delivery of PCC in aged care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]