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Communication is a complex phenomenon. How people interpret information to make decisions relies on an infinite amount of data that is different for every individual based on experience, education, socioeconomics, and belief systems. The complexity is compounded with subjects such as vaccinations, when patients must make decisions that impact their lives and that of their family. Evidence based information regarding vaccinations is readily available from government institutions and international health agencies. An example is the World Health Organization (WHO). With the advancements in technology, the world also has access to misinformation, including opinions from anyone who wants to share, especially through social media platforms. All these complexities contribute to challenges nurses have as they try to educate the public on the importance of vaccinations and how they protect individuals and communities. Particularly, for the vaccine hesitant community, nurses must employ careful measures to ensure that the information conveyed is received in a manner that educates their patients to make informed decisions.

The spiral bianshi curriculum, an improvement on bianshi teaching developed by Gu (2000) and in line with Marton's theory of variation (Marton & Booth, 1997), was tried out in a primary school in Hong Kong. This improved theoretical framework for the spiral bianshi curriculum comprises four types of bianshi problems--the inductive bianshi, the broadening bianshi, the deepening bianshi, and the applicative bianshi. Based on this framework, the research team developed a set of teaching materials on the three topics of division of fraction, speed, and volume. The materials were tried out in 21 Primary 6 classes (a total of 686 students) in a school. The effect was compared with a reference group using standard textbook materials in Hong Kong. A series of instruments, pre-tests, and post-tests were administered to gauge the effects on students' performance in solving routine and non-routine problems, as well as the affective outcomes including self-concept, attitude towards learning mathematics, approaches to learning, and conceptions of mathematics. The intervention effects of the experimental design were examined by hierarchical regression analysis. The research reveals that students using spiral bianshi teaching materials performed significantly better than their counterparts using standard textbook materials. However, no significant differences were identified among affective learning outcome variables despite the positive results on cognitive learning outcomes. The findings indicate that spiral bianshi curriculum has high potential in enhancing students' learning effectiveness. However, further studies are needed to map its strengths in detail.

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01234.x Byline: Joan L. Bottorff (1), John L. Oliffe (2), Mary T. Kelly (3), Lorraine Greaves (4), Joy L. Johnson (2), Pamela Ponic (2), Anna Chan (3) Keywords: smoking; gender relations; fathers; mothers; harm reduction Abstract: Abstract To further understand men's continued smoking during their partner's pregnancy and the postpartum period, a study was undertaken to explore women's perspectives of men's smoking. Using a gender lens, a thematic analysis of transcribed interviews with 27 women was completed. Women's constructions of men's smoking and linkages to masculine and feminine ideals are described. The findings highlight the ways women position themselves both as defenders and regulators of men's smoking. Femininities that aligned women with hegemonic masculine principles underpinned their roles in relation to men's smoking and presented challenges in influencing their partner's tobacco reduction. By positioning the decision to quit smoking as a man's solitary pursuit, women reduced potential relationship conflict and managed to maintain their identity as a supportive partner. Insights from this study provide direction for developing gender-specific tobacco reduction initiatives targeting expectant and new fathers. Indeed, a lack of intervention aimed at encouraging men's tobacco reduction has the potential to increase relationship tensions, and inadvertently maintain pressure on women to regulate fathers' smoking. This study illustrates how gender-based analyses can provide new directions for men's health promotion programmes and policies. Author Affiliation: (1)Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Canada (2)School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (3)Nursing and Health Behaviour Research Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (4)British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health, Vancouver, Canada Article note: Address for correspondence: Joan L. Bottorff, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1Y 1V7, Canada, e-mail: joan.bottorff@ubc.ca

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2004.10.042 Byline: Nina Man-ching So (a), Wynnie Wai-man Lam (a), Debiao Li (c), Anna Kin-Yin Chan (b), John Elsby Sanderson (b), Constantine Metreweli (a) Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the detection of clinically significant coronary artery stenosis using a magnetic resonance 3-dimensional (3D) breath-hold true fast imaging with steady-state precession (trueFISP) sequence with conventional coronary angiography. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (b) Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (c) Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill Article History: Received 10 February 2004; Accepted 26 October 2004